DEPARTMENT: JABATAN REKABENTUK DAN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL

ASSESSMENT: SURVEY AND RESEARCH

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CODE COURSE: DVG40172

COURSE NAME: SCREEN PRINTING
PROGRAMME: DIPLOMA IN PRINT MEDIA TECHNOLOGY

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NAME: MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN ZAKARIA

MATRIX NO: 19DMC21F1024

CLASS: DMC3A
SESSION III: 2021/2022

LECTURER NAME: ENCIK MUHAMMAD FAIRUZ BIN RUSLAN

WHAT IS SCREEN PRINTING

Screen printing is the process of transferring a design to substrate using a mesh

screen, ink and a squeegee. Screen printing, also known as silk screening or
silkscreen printing. The basic method in transfering image to substrate is using a fine
mesh screen, and then pushing ink or paint, in the case of artwork and posters. The
technique is also allows the printer to easily reproduce a design multiple times.
Because the same stencil can be used to replicate a design again and again, it's very
useful for creating multiple copies of the same garment or accessory. This makes
screen printing a very efficient technique for creating large batches of custom clothing
for sports teams or work uniforms. There are three method in screen printing which is
stencil, photo emulsion and heat press.

STENCIL PHOTO EMULSION HEAT PRESS

 There are differend type of ink can be use in screen printing which is plastisol ink,
this ink is more eco friendly compare the other ink. Next is water based ink, this ink is
dry slowly but can dry using heat. Next is discharge ink, this ink is classification in
water based ink. This ink also used to vanish the original colour fabric colour. Next is
rubber die ink, this ink is suitable to variety of fabric. Lastly is solvent based ink, this
ink is base on oil and high viscosity. For the mesh installation is using mesh stretcher,
mesh stretcher used to stretch mesh. Another equipment must be use is tension
meter, this meter used to measure tension on mesh.

HISTORY OF SCREEN PRINTING

Screen printing originated in China

around (960–1279 AD) during the Song
Dynasty as a way of transferring designs
onto fabrics. Following this the Japanese
began using simple stencil techniques as
a way to create imagery. At this time
stencils were cut out of paper and the
mesh was woven from human hair. Stiff
brushes were used to force ink through the
mesh onto the fabric. The type of ink have
been use at this time is a berries. Due to
the scarcity and expense of silk in the rest
of the world though, screen printing took a while to find its feet, until more readily
available silk mesh was available in the 1700s, and interest in Western Europe began
to get established.
 In the 17th century silk screens were being used in France as a way of printing
onto fabric. Stiff brushes were still being used as a way to push ink through the mesh.
In the Eighteenth Century, it found its way to Western Europe where it became a
prominent method for printing and duplication. Perhaps the most important historical
development of the screen printing process. This process of screen printing further, by
using wax paper handwriting stencils patented in 1877, but were then fixed into a
frame, so that the ink could then be forced through them by using a rubber squeegee.

In 1938 in New York a group of artists began experimenting with screen printing as
an artistic medium onto paper. In the 1960’s Pop Artists such as Peter Blake, Andy
Warhol and Robert Rauschenberg used screen printing as an integral element to their
practice, thus establishing it and popularising it as a medium for creating contemporary
art.
PHOTO EMULSION

Photo emulsion one of the preferred methods for making screen printing. Photo
emulsion is thick liquid substance which sensitive to light. Essentially, photo emulsion
becomes "tougher" when exposed to light, making it more difficult to remove from
surfaces. To make an image must use film first then put it at the mesh. Then, mix photo
emulsion with sensitizer and apply it on the screen using a coater. After that expose it
on exposure machine or another method is using sun light this will take around 30 until
40 minute. When mix photo emulsion with sensitizer this process must do in dark room
because it sensitive to light. After the light exposure process the screen must been
wash with water jet or using soft sponge to remove photo emulsion excess from the
image. When some of photo emulsion came off take a brush and close the hole using
photo emulsion. Instead using this method it can closed using masking tape, using
masking tape is more efficient because masking tape have plain surface. After all the
process finish the block is ready to use.

Equipment used to make photo emulsion method

1. block 2. mesh 3. squeegee

4. cutter 5. glue or 6. ink
staple gun

7. photo 8. sensitizer 9. coater

emulsion

10. brush 11. exposure 12. masking

machine tape
STENCIL
Stencil is another technique can be used in screen printing. stencil in the visual arts a
technique for producing designs by passing ink or paint over holes cut in paper or
sticker paper onto substrate. Stencil is the early technique before photo emulsion. The
making of stencil is drawing or print on a paper or using a sticker paper. After designing
process cut the design which is the printed area. Then put it on the block and make
sure there is no hole or space that ink can go trough mesh except the image area. If
there a hole or space close it with masking tape. After done all the process the block
is ready to use. This process is prefer using sticker paper instead of paper because
sticker paper is more durable than paper. Sticker paper also can be use repeatedly
compare to paper that can be use once.

Equipment used to make stencil method

1. block 2. mesh 3. squeegee

 4. cutter 5. glue or
staple gun

7. masking
tape 6. ink

8. paper or
9. drawing
sticker paper
tool
SUBSTRATE

1. Plastic
Polymer substrates can be made from
diverse types of plastic materials.
Different type of containers, tubes, and
other package items, toys, sports
equipment, signs, and identity cards,
tags, and other printed electronic
components are all made from polymer
materials and they all are printed mostly
by screen printing. Printing inks must be
selected accordingly to the
characteristics and type of substrate.

How to print on plastic

For the first step is prepare the ingredients and decide which method you want to use
for this printing. Next choose the best ink can be use in plastic which is epoxy ink.
Epoxy ink is very suitable for this substrate because it is solvent base ink in other word
ink base on oil because of that this ink have high viscosity. Why type of ink is very
important in print on plastic, because the surface of plastic is shiny and slippery. For
this work water based in is not suitable.
2. Fabric

Textile fabric is a cloth that has been woven

or non-woven (knitted, tufted, knotted, or
bonded together). The components used to
make the fabric can be natural or synthetic
threads, yarns, or similar materials. The textile
industry utilizes many different types of fabric to create unique patterns and feels of
good. A few commonly used items made using fabric include clothing, shoes, towels,
tablecloths, and backpacks. Now fabric also used in printing industries which is screen
printing. This is the most popular substrate in screen printing and there is some type
of fabric used in screen printing like cotton and polyester.

How to print on fabric

For the first step is prepare the ingredients and decide which method you want to use
for this printing. Next choose suitable ink depend on fabric that you want to use. After
choose the ink choose method want to use between photo emulsion or stencil and if
the job is four colour then ready four plate for this job. Then put the t shirt on a plain
surface and make sure the shirt not wrinkled. Then put block with ink on the shirt and
make sure the block is centre with substrate. Next, use squeegee to transfer ink on
substrate by pushing it from the top to bottom. After use squeegee pick up the block
and see the result, if it ok then go to the next colour
3. Glass
Screen printing on glass can enhance the uses
and value of glass. Screen printing glass typically
has acidic and moisture resistant features that can
preserve the colours for decades. Other
advantages of screen printing on glass include the
ability to print on various glass thicknesses, on
unlimited sizes, 3D objects, and non flat surfaces.
It can create a special kind of decorative glass that
is durable and scratch-proof, with an anti-glare
effect and safety glass properties.

How to print on glass

For the first step is prepare the ingredients and decide which method you want to use
for this printing. next is clean the whole glass surface, alcohol commonly use to clean
the surface. Before start printing let the alcohol or water dry first. Use the cylindrical
machine to print on cylinder glass. After that, adjust the cylinder seat on the machine
correctly. Next, adjust the print head for the perfect position in printing. After that, install
block on print head. When the setting machine is on the right position then put ink on
the mesh and it ready to print. There is another easy method can be use to print on
cylinder glass which is roll the glass over the mesh that has been placed the ink.

Cylindrical machine
Reference

https://plasticsdecorating.com/articles/2015/compatible-inks-for-
plastic-substrates/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/screen-printing-
process#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20biggest%20advantages,cera
mics%2C%20glass%2C%20and%20leather.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/printing-publishing/Serigraphy-
screen-printing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P6atP4oJaE&t=395s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P6atP4oJaE&t=395s