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PHYSICS - 2 UNIT - 11

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NAME :

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STANDARD : 12 SECTION :

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SCHOOL :

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EXAM NO :
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victory R. SARAVANAN. M.Sc, M.Phil, B.Ed.,

PG ASST (PHYSICS)
GBHSS, PARANGIPETTAI - 608 502

Send Your Material &Question Answer Our Email ID [email protected]

https://kalvimaterial.com/ https://kalvimaterial.com/
12 PHYSICS UNIT - 11 (VOLUME II) 2, 3, & 5 MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2 And 3 Mark Questions & Answers (2) Bottom - up approach :  It works on,
 Nano materials are synthesized by assembling (1) Face recognition
1. Distinguish between Nanoscience and the atoms or molucles together. Selectively (2) Providing response to player’s actions is
Nanotechnology. atoms are added to create structures. computer games
Nanoscience : (e.g.) plasma etching and chemical vapour (3) Taking decisions based on previous actions
 It is the science of objects with typical size deposition (4) To regulate the traffic by analyzing the
1 - 100 nm 5. List the applications of Nano technology. density of traffic on roads
 Nano means one - billionth of a metre. (i.e) 10−9 𝑚  Energy storage (5) Translate words from one language to another
Nanotechnology :

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 Defence and security 10. Give the applications of robot in various fields.

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 It is a technology involving the design, production,  Metallurgy and materials Applications of robot :
characterization and application of nano  Electronics  Weaponry, packing, Lawn mowing, cutting, under
structured materials  Optical engineering and communication water, agriculture, pool cleaning
2. What is the difference between Nanomaterials and  Biomedical and drug delivery  Welding, cutting, assembling, litter robot,

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Bulk materials?  Agriculture and food transport.
 If the particle of a solid is of size less than 100 nm,  Cosmetics and paints  Vacuum cleaners, hospitals, surgery, laboratory
it is said to be a ‘nano solid’. When the particle size  Bio-technology  Exploring stars, planets etc., investigation of the

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exceeds 100 nm, it is a ‘bulk solid’  Textiles mineralogy of the rocks and soils on Mars, analysis
 Though nano and bulk solids have same chemical 6. What is robotics? of elements found in rocks and soils
composition, nano form of the material shows

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 Robotics is an integrated study of mechanical 11. Write a note on nano robots.
strikingly different properties when compared to engineering, electronic engineeting, computer Nano robots :
its bulk counterpart. engineering and science.  The size of the nano ronots is reduced to

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3. Give the interdisciplinary nature of nano  Robot is a mechanical device designed with microscopic level to perform a task in very small
technology. electronic circuitry and programmed to perform a spaces.
 Nano science and technology is the

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specific task.  In future nano robots are used in the medical
interdisciplinary area covering its applications in 7. What are the components of robotics? fields.
various fields. They are,  The robotic system mainly consists of  Nano robots in blood stream to perform small

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(1) Physics (1) Sensors surgical procedures, to fight against bacteria,
(2) Chemistry (2) Power supplies repairing individual cell in the body.
(3) Electrical & Mechanical Engineering
(4) Material science
al (3) Controm systems
(4) Manipulators
 It can travel into the body and once after the job is
performed it can find its way out.
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(5) Molecular Biology (5) Necessary softwares 12. Why steels are preferred to make robots?
(6) Applied Mathematics & Computer science 8. Give the types of robots.  For robots, aluminum and steel are the most
4. Explain how nano structures are made in the (1) Human robot : common metals.
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laboratory?  Certain robots are made to resemble humans  Aluminum is a softer metal and is therefore easier
Nano in laboratories : in appearance and replicate the human to work with it.
 The nano structrures made in the laboratory
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activities like walking, lifting and sensing etc  But steel is several times stronger and because of
mimic some of the nature’s amazing nano (2) Industrial robots : the inherent strength of steel, robot bodies are
structrures.  Six main types of industrial robots are made using sheet, bar, rod, channel and other
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 There are two ways of preparing the Cartesian, SCARA, Cylindrical, Delta, Polar and shapes.
nanomaterials. They are. Vertically articulated. 13. What is particle physics? Write down its recent
(1) Top - Down approach  They are ideal for Arc welding, Spot welding, development.
(2) Bottm - Up approach Material handling, machne tending and other Particle physics and its development :
(1) Top - Down approach : applications.  The study of the theory of fundamental particles
 Nano materials are synthesized by breaking 9. What is artificial intelligence? What are its work? of nature is called particle physics.
down bulk solids in to nano sizes.  The aim of artificial intelligence is to bring in  Initially it was thought that atom is the
(e.g) Ball milling, sol-gel, lithography human like behaviour in robots. fundamental entity of matter. But in 1930, it was
victory R. SARAVANAN. M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed PG ASST [PHYSICS], GBHSS, PARANGIPETTAI - 608 502
Send Your Material &Question Answer Our Email ID [email protected]
https://kalvimaterial.com/ https://kalvimaterial.com/
12 PHYSICS UNIT - 11 (VOLUME II) 2, 3, & 5 MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
established that atoms are made up of electrons,  Sensors
protons and neutrons
5 Marks Quentions & Answers  Coatings for windscreen and car bodies
 In 1960, it was discovered that protons and 1. Explain Nano structure in nature with examples. Chemical industry :
neutrons were made up of quarks. Nano in nature :  Fillers for paint systems
 Later it was found that quarks interact through (1) Single strand DNA :  Coating systems based on nanocomposites
gluons.  It is the basic building block of all living  Impregnation of papers
 Recently in 2013, famous Higgs particles also things.  Switchable adhesives
known as God particles were discovered which  It is about 3 nm wide  Magnetic fluids

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gives mass to many particles like protons, (2) Morpho butterfly : Engineering :

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neutrons etc .,  The scales of the wings of this butterfly  Wear protection for tools and machines
14. Write a note on Cosmology. contains nano structures.  Lubricant-free bearings
 Cosmology is the branch that involves the origin  When light wave interact with this giving the Electronic industry :
and evolution of the universe. wings brilliant metallic blue and green hues.  Data memory

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 It deals with the formation of stars, galaxy etc. (3) Peacock feathers :  Displays
15. What are called gravitational waves?  They get their iridescent coloration from light  Laser diodes
 The disturbances in the curvature of space-time is interacting with 2 dimensional photonic  Glass fibres

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called gravitational waves. Its travels with speed crystal structres just tens of nanometers thick  Optical switches
of light.  Similar nano structrures are made in lab to  Filters (IR-blocking)

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 Any accelerated charge emits electromagnetic glow in different colors  Conductive, antistatic coatings
waves. Similarly any accelerated mass emits (4) Parrot fish : Construction :
gravitational waves.  It crunches up coral all day.  Construction materials

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 But these gravitational waves are very weak even  The source of powerful bite is the interwoven  Thermal insulation
for masses like earth. fibre nanostructure.  Flame retardants

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 The strongest source of gravitational waves are  Crystals of a mineral called fluorapatite are  Surface-functionalised building materials for
black holes. woven together in a chain mail-like wood, floors, stone, facades, tiles, roof tiles, etc.
 The recent discoveries of gravitational waves are arrangement. This structure gives parrot fish  Facade coatings

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emitted by two black holes when they merge to a teeth incredible durability.  Groove mortar
single black hole.  It provides a blue print for creating ultr- Medicine :
 In 1915, Albert Einstein theoretically proposed
the existence of gravitational waves. After
al durable synthetic materials that could be
useful for mechanical components in
 Drug delivery systems
 Active agents
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100 years, it is experimentally proved that his electronics and in other devices that undergo  Contrast medium
predictions are correct. repetitive movement, abrasion and contact  Medical rapid tests
16. Write a note on black holes. stress  Prostheses and implants
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Black holes : (5) Lotus Leaf surface :  Antimicrobial agents and coatings
 Black holes are end stage of stars which are highly  Scaning electron micrograph (SEM) gives the  Agents in cancer therapy
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dense massive object. nano structures on the surface of a leaf from a Food and drinks :
 Its mass ranges 20 times mass of the sun to 1 lotus plant.  Package materials
million times mass of the sun.  This is the reason for self cleaning process on  Storage life sensors
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 It has very strong gravitational force such that no lotus leaf.  Additives
particle or even light can escape from it. 2. Discuss the applications of Nanomaterials in  Clarification of fruit juices
 The existence of black hole is studied when the various fields. Energy :
stars orbiting the black hole behave differently Automotive industry :  Fuel cells
from the other stars.  Lightweight construction  Solar cells
 Every galaxy has black hole at its centre.  Painting (fillers, base coat, clear coat)  Batteries
 Sagittarius A* is the black hole at the centre of  Catalysts  Capacitors
the Milky Way galaxy.  Tires (fillers)
victory R. SARAVANAN. M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed PG ASST [PHYSICS], GBHSS, PARANGIPETTAI - 608 502
Send Your Material &Question Answer Our Email ID [email protected]
https://kalvimaterial.com/ https://kalvimaterial.com/
12 PHYSICS UNIT - 11 (VOLUME II) 2, 3, & 5 MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Textile/fabrics/non-wovens : 4. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of (2) Precision medicine :
 Surface-processed textiles Robotics.  Precision medicine is an emerging approach
 Smart clothes Advantages of robotics : for disease treatment and prevention that
Household :  The robots are much cheaper than humans. takes into account individual variability in
 Ceramic coatings for irons  Robots never get tired like humans. Hence genes, environment, and lifestyle for each
 Odors catalyst absenteeism in work place can be reduced. person.
 Cleaner for glass,  Robots are more precise and error free in (3) Health wearables :
 ceramic, floor, windows performing the task.  A health wearable is a device used for tracking

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Cosmetics :  Stronger and faster than humans. a wearer's vital signs or health and fitness

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 Sun protection  Robots can work in extreme environmental related data, location, etc.
 Lipsticks conditions: extreme hot or cold, space or  Medical wearables with articial intelligence
 Skin creams underwater. In dangerous situations like bomb and big data provide an added value to
 Tooth paste detection and bomb deactivation. healthcare with a focus on diagnosis,

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Sports/ outdoor :  In warfare, robots can save human lives. treatment, patient monitoring and prevention.
 Ski wax  Robots are significantly used in handling materials (4) Articial organs :
 Antifogging of glasses/goggles in chemical industries especially in nuclear plants  An articial organ is an engineered device or

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 Antifouling coatings for ships/boats which can lead to health hazards in humans. tissue that is implanted or integrated into a
 Reinforced tennis rackets and balls Disadvantages of robotics : human.

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3. What are the possible harmful effects of usage of  Robots have no sense of emotions or conscience.  It is possible to interface it with living tissue
Nanoparticles? Why?  They lack empathy and hence create an or to replace a natural organ. It duplicates or
Possible harmful effects of nano particles : emotionless workplace. augments a specic function or functions of

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 The major concern here is that the nanoparticles  If ultimately robots would do all the work, and the human organs so that the patient may return
have the dimensions same as that of the biological humans will just sit and monitor them, health to a normal life as soon as possible.

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molecules such as proteins. They may easily get hazards will increase rapidly. (5) 3D printing :
absorbed on to the surface of living organisms and  Unemployment problem will increase.  Advanced 3D printer systems and materials
they might enter the tissues and fluids of the body.  Robots can perform defined tasks and cannot assist physicians in a range of operations in

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 The adsorbing nature depends on the surface of handle unexpected situations the medical field from audiology, dentistry,
the nanoparticle. Indeed, it is possible to deliver a  The robots are well programmed to do a job and if orthopedics and other applications.
drug directly to a specific cell in the body by
designing the surface of a nanoparticle so that it
al a small thing goes wrong it ends up in a big loss to
the company.
(6) Wireless brain sensors :
 Wireless brain sensors monitor intracranial
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adsorbs specifically on to the surface of the target  If a robot malfunctions, it takes time to identify pressure and temperature and then are
cell. the problem, rectify it, and even reprogram if absorbed by the body. Hence there is no need
 The interaction with living systems is also affected necessary. This process requires significant time. for surgery to remove these devices.
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by the dimensions of the nanoparticles.  Humans cannot be replaced by robots in decision (7) Robotic surgery :
 Nanoparticles can also cross cell membranes. It is making.  Robotic surgery is a type of surgical
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also possible for the inhaled nanoparticles to  Till the robot reaches the level of human procedure that is done using robotic systems.
reach the blood, to reach other sites such as the intelligence, the humans in work place will exit.  Robotically-assisted surgery helps to
liver, heart or blood cells. 5. Comment on the recent advancement in medical overcome the limitations of pre-existing
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 Researchers are trying to understand the diagnosis and therapy. minimally-invasive surgical procedures and to
response of living organisms to the presence of (1) Virtual reality : enhance the capabilities of surgeons
nanoparticles of varying size, shape, chemical  Medical virtual reality is effectively used to performing open surgery.
composition and surface characteristics. stop the brain from processing pain and cure (8) Smart inhalers :
soreness in the hospitalized patients.  Inhalers are the main treatment option for
 It helps in the treatment of Autism, Memory asthma. Smart inhalers are designed with
loss, and Mental illness. health systems and patients in mind so that
they can offer maximum benefit.
victory R. SARAVANAN. M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed PG ASST [PHYSICS], GBHSS, PARANGIPETTAI - 608 502
Send Your Material &Question Answer Our Email ID [email protected]
https://kalvimaterial.com/ https://kalvimaterial.com/
12 PHYSICS UNIT - 11 (VOLUME II) 2, 3, & 5 MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
 Smart inhalers use Bluetooth technology to Muscle wires:
detect inhaler use, remind patients when to  They are thin strands of wire made of shape
take their medication and gather data to help memory alloys. ey can contract by 5% when
guide care. electric current is passed through them.
6. Discuss the functions of key components in Piezo Motors and Ultrasonic Motors:
Robots?  Basically, we use it for industrial robots.
Functions of key components of Robots : Sensors:
 Most robots are composed of 3 main parts:  Generally used in task environments as it provides

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(1) Controller information of real-time knowledge.

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(2) Mechanical parts Robot locomotion:
(3) Sensors  Provides the types of movements to a robot.
Controller :  The different types are
 It is also known as the "brain" which is run by a (a) Legged

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computer program. (b) Wheeled
 It gives commands for the moving parts to (c) Combination of Legged and Wheeled
perform the job. Locomotion

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Mechanical parts : (d) Tracked slip/skid
 It consists motors, pistons, grippers, wheels, and

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gears that make the robot move, grab, turn, and
lift.
Sensors :

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 It tells the robot about its surroundings. It helps to
determine the sizes and shapes of the objects

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around, distance between the objects, and
directions as well.
7. Explain the various components of robotics.

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Power conversion unit:
 Robots are powered by batteries, solar power, and
hydraulics.
Actuators:
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 Converts energy into movement. The majority of
the actuators produce rotational or linear motion.
Electric motors:
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 They are used to actuate the parts of the robots

like wheels, arms, fingers, legs, sensors, camera,
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weapon systems etc.

 Different types of electric motors are used. The
most often used ones are AC motor, Brushed DC
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motor, Brushless DC motor, Geared DC motor, etc.

Pneumatic Air Muscles:
 They are devices that can contract and expand
when air is pumped inside.
 It can replicate the function of a human muscle. ey
contract almost 40% when the air is sucked inside
them.

victory R. SARAVANAN. M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed PG ASST [PHYSICS], GBHSS, PARANGIPETTAI - 608 502
Send Your Material &Question Answer Our Email ID [email protected]