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Summary of Lesson 8

The document discusses major periods and art movements in Western art history. It describes ancient Greek art from the Geometric to Hellenistic periods, as well as Roman and medieval art including Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals. The Renaissance and subsequent movements like Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, and Neoclassicism are also outlined. Modern art movements such as Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism are then summarized with their key characteristics.

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Mildred Ann
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77 views

Summary of Lesson 8

The document discusses major periods and art movements in Western art history. It describes ancient Greek art from the Geometric to Hellenistic periods, as well as Roman and medieval art including Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals. The Renaissance and subsequent movements like Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, and Neoclassicism are also outlined. Modern art movements such as Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism are then summarized with their key characteristics.

Uploaded by

Mildred Ann
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 8

Art of Emerging Europe

I. Major Periods in Western Art History

Ancient Greece
-The Greece were known to excel in various fields and aspects of
society
-They are also known to place prime importance in the use of reasons
-Greeks are notably passionate about natural phenomenon and believed
that nature should be in the perfect order

Four Periods of Greek Development

~Geometric Period
Geometric shapes and pattern the spotlight in the most of the artworks

~Archaic Period
Human figures, result of Greek trading activities

~Classical Period
Peak of Greek Sculpture and Architecture, rebuilding temples

~Hellenistic Period
Focus on showcasing emotions and depicting reality

Ancient Rome
-The Roman Republic was established around 500 BCE. It is a period
when the Greek culture’s influence has reached its peak in the
Mediterranean world. Romans produce artworks that look like stern,
harsh and strong. They also invoke realism highlighting the features of
human being. Romans also known to be master builder, which earned
their reputation for grand monument and architecture infrastructure.
Middle Ages
-It is a period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the
Renaissance and it was characterized by ignorance and darkness.
During this time great cathedrals are built that can be categorized into
two periods:

Periods of Cathedrals

Romanesque (1050 – 1200)


-inspired by the old Roman Empire

Gothic (1200 – 1500)


-had a more northern flavor from the Goths---vulgar and barbarian

Renaissance Art
-During this period artist also valued the “individual” as the subject of
art. most of the artworks emphasized naturalism which also influence
of humanism since there was a great emphasis of the proportionality of
human body. More artist also added perspective of depth wherein
spaces where explored.

Mannerism
-This was a product of Renaissance period. As the Renaissance ended,
artist started directly copying subject from existing works of art. Most
artworks during this time displayed distorted figure, two dimensional
spaces, discordant hues and colors, and lack of defined focal point.

Baroque and the Rococo (1600 – 1750)


-The term “baroque” derived from the Portuguese term borocco which
is translated as “irregular shaped pearl”. This is suitable description that
Rome is the birthplace of the Baroque Period, which according to
historians was a response to Protestantism.
-Expansion is the central theme
-Motion and space like dramatic lighting ang concept of time
-Aside form art, music also flourished. people believed that music
could serve as a powerful too to communicate messages that evoke
certain feeling. This music was able to clearly distinguish loud from
soft and from ensemble. Most composer are from Italy include Vivaldi,
Corelli and Monteverdi. Another known composer includes Germany’s
Bach and Handel.

II. Art Movements

Neoclassicism (Enlightened period)


-It was the dominant art movement that aimed to revive and rekindle
the influences of Greek and Roman into art and architecture.
-Veer away from extravagance of style and form of baroque period

Romanticism
-Used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a springboard.
-Romanticists have highlighted heroic elements into their work.
-French revolution became the focal point of most of the romantic
works.
-Revolution movements like French became the focal point of works.
-The major and central themes include the emphasis on the goodness of
mankind. Also works promote justice, equality and social order.
-Artist also emphasis emotions and feelings of a man, which was a
deviation from the humanist principle of rationalism.

Realism
-A work focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and somehow
mirrors reality.
-Heavily influenced by Hellenistic Greek culture since most artworks
during that period placed emphasis on the human body. this movement
also expanded and widened existing notions of what can be considered
as art.
-Since artists worked within the context of revolutions and social
change, artistic works began to depict real-life events. Idealistic
concepts and images were replaced by real manifestations of society.

Impressionism (mid to late 1800)


-It started in France, which led to a break from the tradition in
European painting.
-Incorporated scientific principles to achieve a more distinct
representation of color that emphasize the artist impression of a
particular event or scene. The said expression can be seen through the
brush strokes, distinction of colors, and the lights and the shadows used
by the artist.

Post-Impressionism (20th century)


-It is an art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both
the influence and rejection of Impressionism.
-This is the development of individual style that gave emphasis to
defining from with the use of broken colors and short brush stroke.
-Some of the famous post-impressionism artists include Paul Cezanne,
Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent van Gogh, among others.
-Most of the works became the framework of the contemporary
techniques and trends during twentieth century

Neo-Impressionism
-It is considered as a response to empirical realism of impressionism.
-Most painters who subscribe to such movement rely on a systematic
and scientific techniques that have a predetermined visual effect not
only on the art work itself but also how the audience perceive the art.
-The leading figure in neo-impressionism was Georges Seurat who
recorded optical sensations on a more scientific manner. His color
theories paved the way for the technique called pointillism. This art
technique basically utilizes discrete dots and dashes of pure color.

III. Development of Western Culture

Art Nouveau (Between 1890 – 1910)


-Countries from Europe and the United States witnessed the emergence
and flourishing of a new art style.
-This ornamental style of art was a break from the conservative
historicism, which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most
Western artworks.
-It uses long and organic lines that are concretely manifested in
architecture, jewelry and glass design, among others.
-The line is done in such a graceful and elegant manner that somehow
evokes a certain power to it.
-asymmetrical line that usually is in the form of insect wings or flower
stalks.

Fauvism (20th century)


-It was emerged in France, they used pure and vibrant colors by
applying straight from the paint tubes directly to the canvas. This is
done to produce a sense of explosion of colors in the canvas.
-The fauves, just like the impressionists, painted directly from nature.
-The difference lies with how the fauves have this strong and
expressive reaction to how they portray their subjects.
-Reject conservative and traditional rendering of three dimensional
space.
-introduce and promoted a picture space that is define by the movement
of color.

Cubism (Between 1907 – 1914)


-French artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque introduced this new
visual arts style.
-It highlighted the two- dimensional surface of the picture plane.
-Focusing on a flat surface was a rejection of the dominant techniques
like the use of perspective, foreshortening, and modeling.
-Rejected the existing and prevailing notion that art should imitate
nature
-Emphasized that they are not in any way obliged to copy texture,
form, color, and space.
-Presented a new depiction of reality that may appear fragmented
objects for viewers.

Futurism (Early 20th century)


-It started in Italy, which highlighted the speed, energy, dynamism, and
power of machines
-Common themes on the movement's are restlessness and the fast-pace
of modern life.
-Influence branched out not only in Europe but also in Russia.
-Greatest impact is evident in poetry and visual arts.
-Italian poet and editor Filippon Tommaso Marinetti coined the term
“futurism” to reflect purpose of disregarding the traditional methods in
the past.
-Art should embrace and embody change, innovation, creativity and
originality.

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