

Board Answer Paper: March 2022

BOARD ANSWER PAPER: MARCH 2022

PHYSICS
Note: Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

SECTION  A
Q.1. i. (B) energy [1]
ii. (A) zero [1]
iii. (D) 90 [1]

ns
iv. (C) frequency [1]
v. (A) T [1]
vi. (D) tesla [1]

io
vii. (C) 3mg [1]
viii. (C) 5 cm [1]

at
Rise of the liquid column,
1 r1
h  h2 = h1  = 2.5  2 = 5 cm
r lic r2

ix. (B) 5:3 [1]

I max 16

I min 1
 A 2  A1  = 16
2
ub

 A 2  A1 
2
1


 A 2  A1  = 4
 A 2  A1  1
P

 A2 + A1 = 4A2 – 4A1
 5A1 = 3A2
A2 5
 =
et

A1 3
x. (D) 200 cm/s [1]
From the given equation,
rg

k = 0.02 cm1,  = 4 rad/s

 4
 v=  = 200 cm/s
k 0.02
Ta

Q.2. i. Potential gradient is defined as potential difference per unit length of wire. [1]
ii. Formula for critical velocity is given as,
R n
vc = ,
d
where, vc = critical velocity of the fluid
Rn = Reynolds number
η = coefficient of viscosity
ρ = density of fluid
d = diameter of tube [1]
iii. No. Any light possessing sufficient energy to initiate the photoemission can be used to get
photoelectric effect. [1]
iv. Boolean expression for X-OR gate: C = A  B = A  B  A  B [1]

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Std. XII Sci.: Physics

d2
v. Differential equation for angular S.H.M.: I + c = 0 [1]
dt 2
vi. Bohr’s third postulate: Em  En = h
Where, Em = Energy of electron in mth higher orbit, En = Energy of electron in nth lower
orbit. [1]
vii. Resultant inductance (Ltotal) = L1 + L2 = 10 mH + 30 mH = 30 mH [1]
viii. M.I. of uniform disc about an axis perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre,
1
I = 1 MR2 =  10  (0.6)2 = 5  0.36 = 1.8 kg m2 [1]
2 2

SECTION  B

ns
Q.3. i. Definition: Moment of inertia of a rigid body about an axis of rotation is defined as the
sum of product of the mass of each particle and the square of its perpendicular distance
from the axis of rotation.
ii. SI unit of moment of inertia is kgm2.

io
Dimensions are [M1L2T0]. [2]
Q.4. i. Polar dielectric:

at
a. A dielectric molecule in which the centre of mass of positive
charges (protons) does not coincide with the centre of mass of
negative charges (electrons), because of the asymmetric shape
of the molecules is called polar dielectric.
b.
lic
They have permanent dipole moments of the order of 10–30 Cm.
They act as tiny electric dipoles, as the charges are separated by
Polar dielectric
a small distance.
c. Examples: HCl, water, alcohol, NH3
ub
ii. Non-polar dielectric:
a. A dielectric in which the centre of mass of the positive charges
coincides with the centre of mass of the negative charges is
called a nonpolar dielectric.
P

b. These have symmetrical shapes and have zero dipole moment

Non-polar dielectric
in the normal state.
c. Examples: H2, N2, O2, CO2, benzene, methane [2]
et

Q.5. Thermodynamic process: A process by which two or more of state variables of a system can
be changed is called a thermodynamic process or a thermodynamic change.
Types of thermodynamic processes:
i. Quasi-static process
rg

ii. isothermal process

iii. adiabatic process
iv. isochoric process
Ta

v. isobaric process
vi. reversible process
vii. irreversible process
viii. cyclic process
(Any two types) [2]
Q.6. Expression for radius of Bohr orbit in atom:
i. Let, me = mass of electron,
e = charge on electron,
rn = radius of nth Bohr’s orbit,
+e = charge on nucleus,
vn = linear velocity of electron in nth orbit,
Z = number of electrons in an atom,
n = principal quantum number.
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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

ii. From Bohr’s first postulate,
Coulomb’s force Fe = Centripetal force Fcp
Ze2 m e v 2n
 =
40rn2 rn
Ze 2
 v 2n = .…(1)
4 0 rn m e
iii. According to Bohr’s second postulate,
nh
mernvn =
2
n 2h 2
 m e2 v 2n rn2 =
42
2 2
nh

ns
 v 2n = ….(2)
42 me2 rn2
iv. From equations (1) and (2),
n 2h 2 Ze 2
=

io
4 me rn
2 2 2
4 0 rn m e
n 2 h 20
 rn =
 m e Ze 2

at
 0 h 2  2
 rn =  2 
n = a0n2 ….(3)
  m e Ze 
This is the required expression for radius of nth orbit.
v.
lic
In equation (3), 0, , me, h, Z and e are constants.
 rn  n2 [2]
Q.7. i. Harmonics:
a. The term ‘harmonic’ is used when the frequency of a particular overtone is an integral
ub
multiple of the fundamental frequency.
b. The fundamental frequency (n) is considered as first harmonic and the frequency (2n) is the
second harmonic which may or may not be present in a given sound. Hence, all harmonics
may not be present in a given sound.
P

ii. Overtones:
a. The tones whose frequencies are greater than the fundamental frequency are called overtones.
b. The first frequency higher than the fundamental frequency is called the first overtone, the next
frequency higher is the second overtone and so on. Overtones are only those multiples of
et

fundamental frequency which are actually present in a given sound. Hence, all overtones
are always present in a given sound. [2]
Q.8.
rg

No. Potentiometer Voltmeter

i. Its resistance is infinite. Its resistance is high but finite.
ii. It does not draw any current from the It draws some current from the source of
Ta

source of known e.m.f. e.m.f.

iii. The potential difference measured by it The potential difference measured by it
is equal to actual potential difference is less than the actual potential
(p.d.). difference (p.d.).
iv. It has high sensitivity. It has low sensitivity.
v. It measures e.m.f as well as p.d. It measures only p.d.
vi. It is used to measure internal resistance It cannot be used to measure the internal
of a cell. resistance of a cell.
vii. It is more accurate. It is less accurate.
viii. It does not give direct reading. It gives direct reading.
ix. It is not portable. It is portable.
x. It is used to measure lower voltage It is used to measure lower as well as
values only. higher voltage values.
[Any four differences] [2]
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Std. XII Sci.: Physics

Q.9. i. Mechanical equilibrium:
a. For a system to be in mechanical equilibrium, there should not be any unbalanced forces
acting within the system and between the system and its surrounding.
b. Also, the pressure in the system should be same throughout the system and should not
change with time.
iii. Thermal equilibrium:
Fora system to be in thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the system should be uniform
throughout and it should not change with time. A system when in thermal equilibrium is
described in terms of state variables. [2]

Q.10 Solution:
Given: r = 5.3  1011 m, v = 3  106ms1, e = 1.6  1019 C, me = 9.1  1031 kg
To find: Angular momentum of electron (L)

ns
Formulae: L = mvr
Calculation: From formula,
L = 9.1  1031 3  106  5.3  1011
= 1.4469  1034

io
 L  1.45  1034 N-m-s
Ans: Angular momentum of electron is 1.45  1034 N-m-s. [2]

at
Q.11 Solution:
Given:  = 6000 Å, D = 2 m, Distance between 10 fringes = 2 cm = 0.02 m.
 fringe width W = 0.02/10 = 0.002 m = 2  103 m
To find: Distance between slits (d)
Formula: W= λD
lic
d
Calculation: From formula,
6000×1010×2
2  103 =
ub
d
6  107  2
 d= = 6  104 m
2  103
Ans: The distance between two slits is 6  104 m. [2]
P

Q.12. Solution:
Given: r = 0.2 mm = 2  104 m, n = 8,
To find: Decrease in surface area (E)
et

Formula: dA = 4nr2  4R2

4
Calculation: Volume of a single drop = R3 and
3
rg

4
Volume of a single droplet = r3
3
4 4
 We have, R3 = n r3 or R3 = nr3
Ta

3 3
 R = 3 n r = 3 8  2  104 = 2  2  104 = 4  10–4 m2
From formula,
dA = 4 (nr2  R2)
= 4  3.142  [8  (2  104)2  (4  104)2]
= 12.568  (32 – 16)  10–8
= 201.088  10–8 = 2.011  106 m2
Ans: Decrease in the surface area is 2.011  106 m2. [2]
Q.13. Solution:
Given: L = 0.1 H, C = 25  10–6 F, R = 15 , erms = 120 V
To find: Resonant frequency (fr)
1
Formulae: fr =
2 LC

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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

Calculation: From formula,
1
fr =
2  3.142  0.1 25  106
1
=
9.9356  10 3
fr = 100.6 Hz
Ans: The value of resonant frequency is 100.6 Hz. [2]
Q.14. Solution:
CP
= 1.5
CV
 CP = 1.5 CV
Given: CP  CV = 9000 J/kg K

ns
 1.5CV  CV = 9000
 0.5CV = 9000
9000
 CV =

io
0.5
 CV = 1.8  104 J/ kg K
Now, CP = 9000 + CV = 9000 + (1.8  104) = 2.7  104 J/ kg K

at
Ans: The value CV is 1.8  104 J/ kg K and CP is 2.7  104 J/ kg K. [2]

lic SECTION  C
Q.15. Reflection of light on a plane surface:
i. A plane wavefront AB is advancing B
obliquely towards plane reflecting surface T N
XY with velocity ‘v’. AA1 and BB1 are M
incident rays.
ub
ii. When ‘A’ reaches XY at A1, then ray at ‘B’ A Q
reaches point ‘P’ and it has to cover distance
PB1 to reach the reflecting surface XY. R
iii. Let ‘t’ be the time required to cover distance P
P

PB1. During this time interval, secondary

wavelets are emitted from A1 and will spread i r i r
over a hemisphere of radius A1R, in the same 90 – r 90 – i
X Y
et

medium. A1 B1
Distance covered by secondary wavelets to Reflection of light at a plane surface
reach from A1 to R in time t is same as the
distance covered by primary waves to reach XY : Plane reflecting surface
rg

from P to B1. AB : Plane wavefront

Thus A1R = PB1 = vt. RB1 : Reflecting wavefront
iv. All other rays between AA1 and BB1 will A1M, B1N : Normal to the plane
reach XY after A1 and before B1. Hence, they
Ta

AA1M = BB1N = i = Angle of incidence

will also emit secondary wavelets of TA1M = QB1N = r = Angle of reflection
decreasing radii.
v. The surface touching all such hemispheres is RB1 which is reflected wavefront, bounded by
reflected rays A1R and B1Q.
vi. Draw A1M  XY and B1N  XY.
Thus, angle of incidence is AA1M = BB1N = i and angle of reflection is MA1R
= NB1Q = r.
  RA1B1 = 90  r and  PB1A1 = 90  i
vii. In A1RB1 and A1PB1
A1RB1  A1PB1
A1R = PB1 (Reflected waves travel equal distance in same medium in equal time).
A1B1 = A1B1 ….(common side)
 A1RB1  A1PB1
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Std. XII Sci.: Physics

  RA1B1 = PB1A1
 90  r = 90  i
 i=r
viii. Also, from the figure, it is clear that incident ray, reflected ray and normal lie in the same
plane.
ix. This explains reflection of light from plane reflecting surface on the basis of Huygens’
principle. [3]

Q.16. i. Magnetization: The ratio of magnetic moment to the volume of the material is called
magnetization.
ii. Magnetic intensity: The ratio of the strength of magnetising field to the permeability of
free space is called as magnetic intensity.

ns
iii. Susceptibility: The ratio of magnitude of intensity of magnetization to that of magnetic
intensity is called as magnetic susceptibility. [3]

Q.17. i. Consider two sound waves, having same amplitude and slightly different frequencies n1
and n2.

io
ii. Let x be a point of the medium where they arrive in phase.
iii. The displacement due to each wave at any instant of time at that point is given as

at
  x 
y1 = a sin  2  n1t  
  1  

  x 
y2 = a sin 2  n 2 t  
   2  
lic
iv. Let us assume for simplicity that the listener is at x = 0.
 y1 = a sin(2n1t) and y2 = a sin(2n2t)
v. According to the principle of superposition of waves,
ub
y = y1 + y2
 y = a sin(2n1t) + a sin(2n2t)
 n1  n 2     n1  n 2  
 y = 2a sin  2   t  cos  2   t
P

  2     2  
[By using formula,
C  D C  D
sinC + sin D = 2 sin   cos  ]
et

 2   2 
Rearranging the above equation, we get
 2   n 1  n 2    2   n1  n 2  
y = 2a cos  t  sin  t
rg

 2   2 
 2   n1  n 2  
vi. Let 2a cos  t = A
 2 
Ta

n1  n 2
=n
2
 y = A sin(2nt)
This is the equation of a progressive wave having frequency ‘n’ and amplitude ‘A’. The frequency
‘n’ is the mean of the frequencies n1 and n2 of arriving waves while the amplitude A varies
periodically with time.
vii. The intensity of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude. Hence the resultant intensity
will be maximum when the amplitude is maximum.
viii. For maximum amplitude (waxing),
A = ± 2a
 2   n1  n 2  
 2a cos   t = ±2a
 2 

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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

 2   n1  n 2  
 cos   t = ±a
 2 
 n1  n 2  
i.e.,  2   t = 0, , 2, 3,…..
  2  
1 2 3
 t = 0, , , ,….
n 1  n 2 n 1  n 2 n1  n 2
1
Thus, the time interval between two successive maxima of sound is always .
n1  n 2
1
Hence, the period of beats is T = .
n1  n 2
The number of waxing heard per second is the reciprocal of period of waxing.

ns
 Beat frequency in waxing, N = n1 – n2
ix. The intensity of sound will be minimum when amplitude is zero (waning):
For minimum amplitude, A = 0,
 n1  n 2  
 2a cos  2  t = 0

io
  2  
 n1  n 2  
 cos  2   t = 0
  2  

at
  n1  n 2    3 5
  2  2  t  = , , ,….
    2 2 2
1 3 5
 t= , , ,
lic
2  n 1  n 2  2  n 1  n 2  2  n1  n 2 
1
Therefore, time interval between two successive minima is also .
 n1  n 2 
ub
The number of waning heard per second is the reciprocal of period of waning.
1
Period of beat, T =
n1  n 2
Beat frequency in waning, N = n1 – n2 [3]
P

Q.18. i. Inductive reactance: The opposing nature of an inductor to the flow of alternating current
is called inductive reactance.
ii. Capacitive reactance: The capacitive reactance of a capacitor is defined as the ratio of
et

r.m.s voltage (e.m.f) across the capacitor to the corresponding r.m.s current.
iii. Impedance: The ratio of rms voltage to the rms value of current is called impedance. The
SI unit of impedance is ohm ().
rg

Q.19. i. Consider a rigid object rotating with a constant angular speed ω about an axis perpendicular
to the plane of paper.
ii. For theoretical simplification, let us consider the object to 
be consisting of N particles of masses m1, m2, …..mN at
Ta

respective perpendicular distances r1, r2, …..rN from the

axis of rotation. m2
iii. As the object rotates, all these particles perform UCM with r2 rN
the same angular speed ω, but with different linear speeds, mN
r m
v1 = r1, v2 = r2,…., vN = rN 1 1

iv. Translational K.E. of the first particle is

(K.E.)1 = 1 m 1v12  1 m 1r12  2 A body of N particles
2 2
Similar will be the case of all the other particles.
v. Rotational K.E. of the object, is the sum of individual translational kinetic energies.
Thus,
Rotational K.E. = 1 m 1r12  2  1 m 2 r22  2 ....  1 m N rN2  2
2 2 2

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Std. XII Sci.: Physics

 Rotational K.E.= 1  m 1r12  m 2 r22 ....  m N rN2   2

2
N
But I =  m i ri2 = m1r12  m 2 r22 ....  m N rN2
i 1

 Rotational K.E. = 1 I 2 [3]

2

Q.20. i. Consider a C shaped frame of wires PQRS of area (lx) situated in a constant magnetic
field  B  . Here, QR is a conducting wire that slides on the frame parallel to PS.


 
S R
ii. As the wire QR of length l is moved out

with velocity v to increase x, the area of the l

v

ns

loop PQRS increases. Thus the flux of B x E
through the loop increases with time. P Q

iii. According to the flux rule, the induced emf Magnetic field B into the paper

will be equal to the rate at which the A frame of wire PQRS in magnetic field B

io
magnetic flux through a conducting circuit and wire BC is moving with velocity
changes. 
v along x-axis
iv. The induced emf will cause a current in the loop. It is assumed that there is enough

at
resistance in the wire so that the induced currents are very small producing negligible
magnetic field.
v. As the flux  through the frame PQRS is Blx, magnitude of the induced emf can be written
as
d d
lic
dx
|e| = =  B l x  = Bl = Bl v ….(1)
dt dt dt
where v is the velocity of wire QR increasing the length x of wires PQ and SR.
ub
vi. Now, a charge q which is carried along by the moving wire QR, experiences Lorentz force
    
F = q ( v  B ); which is perpendicular to both v and B and hence is parallel to wire QR.

vii. The force F is constant along the length l of the wire QR (as v and B are constant) and zero
P

elsewhere ( v = 0 for stationary part RSPQ of wire frame).

viii. When the charge q moves a distance l along the wire, the work done by the Lorentz force is
W = F.l = qvBsinl
et

 
where  = angle between B and v .
Work W
ix. The emf generated is, e = = = vBsinl
charge q
rg

x. For maximum induced emf, sin = 1

emax = Blv ….(2)
xi. Thus, from equation (1) and (2), for any circuit whose parts move in a fixed magnetic field,
Ta

the induced emf is the time derivative of flux () regardless of the shape of the circuit. [3]
Q.21. Expression for terminal velocity:
i. Consider a sphere of radius (r) and density () falling under gravity through a liquid of
density (σ) and coefficient of viscosity () as shown in figure.
ii. Forces acting on the sphere during downward motion are,
a. Viscous force = Fv = 6rv (directed upwards)
b. Weight of the sphere, (Fg) Upthrust (Fu)
4 3 +
mg = r g (directed downwards) viscous force (Fv)
3
c. Upward thrust as Buoyant force (Fu) Downward force (Fg)
4 Viscous fluid
Fu = r3σg (directed upwards)
3
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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

iii. As the downward velocity increases, the viscous force increases. A stage is reached, when
sphere attains terminal velocity.
iv. When the sphere attains the terminal velocity, the total downward force acting on the
sphere is balanced by the total upward force acting on the sphere.
 Total downward force = Total upward force
Weight of Viscous Buoyant force
  
sphere (mg) Force due to medium
4 4
 r3g = 6rv + r3σg
3 3

6rv =  r 3g    r 3g 

4 4

3  3 

ns
6rv =   r 3g (  σ)
4

3  
1
v =   r 3g (  σ) 
4

3 6r

io
2 r 2 g(   )
 v= ….(1)
9 
This is the expression for terminal velocity of the sphere. [3]

at
Q.22. Solution:
Given: Series limit of Lyman Series, (L) = 912 Å
To find:
i.
lic
Shortest wavelength of
Balmer series ii. Paschen series
1 1 1 
Formula: = R 2  2
λ n m 
ub
Calculation: From formula,
For shortest wavelength, m = ∞
n2
 =
R
P

For Lyman series, n = 1

n 2 12 1
λL = = = = 912 Å
R R R
et

i. For Balmer series, n = 2

22 4
B = = = 4  912 = 3648 Å
R R
rg

ii. For Paschen series, n = 3

32 9
P = = = 9  912 = 8208 Å
R R
Ta

Ans: The shortest wavelength of

i. Balmer series is 3648 Å. ii. Paschen series is 8208 Å. [3]

Q.23. Solution:
Given: I = 6 A, R = 3 cm = 3  102 m, 0 = 4  107 Wb/Am
To find: Magnitude field (B)
I
Formula: B= 0
2 R
Calculation: From formula,
4 107  6
B= = 4  105 T
2  3 102
Ans: The value of magnetic field is 4  105 T. [3]

9
 

Std. XII Sci.: Physics

Q.24. Solution:
Given: A = 6 × 10–3 m2, r = 3 mm = 3 × 10–3 m
To find: Capacitance of capacitor (C)
0 A
Formulae: C=
d
Calculation: From formula,
8.85 1012  6 103
C= 3
= 1.77 ×10–11 F
3  10
Ans: Capacitance is 1.77 × 10–11 F. [3]

Q.25. Solution:
dI

ns
Given: e = 91 mV = 91 ×103 V, = 1.3 A/s
dt
To find: Mutual Inductance (M)
e
Formula: M=

io
dI
dt
Calculation: From formula
91103

at
M= = 70 × 103 = 70 mH
1.3
Ans: Mutual Inductance of the two coils is 70 mH.
lic [3]

Q.26. Solution:
Given: E1 = 4 V, r1 = 1 
E2 = 2 V, r2 = 2  E2
K I2 J
R=5
ub
r2 I2
Applying Kirchhoff’s 2nd law in Loop 1 B
A 2 F E
(ABCDEFGHA),
I1 E1 I1
 (I2 + I1)R  I1r1 + E1 = 0 I 2 + I1 H r1 G
P

 I2R + I1(R + r1) = E1 1

 5I2 + 6I1 = 4 ….(i) C R D
Applying Kirchhoff’s 2nd law in Loop 2
et

(FGHAKJF),
I1r1 + E1  E2 + I2r2 = 0
 I1 + 4  2 + 2I2 = 0
 I1  2I2 = 2
rg

 I1 = 2 + 2I2 ….(ii)
Substituting equation (ii) in equation (i),
5I2 + 6(2 + 2I2) = 4
Ta

 17I2 = 8
8
 I2 =  A
17
8 16 18
 I1 = 2  2  =2– = A
17 17 17
Current through external resistance ‘R’ = I1 + I2
18 8
= 
17 17
10
= A
17
10
Ans: Current through external resistance is A. [3]
17

10
10
 

Board Answer Paper: March 2022

SECTION  D
Q.27. i. Let there be n moles of an ideal gas enclosed in a cubical box of volume V (= L3) with sides
of the box parallel to the coordinate axes, as shown in figure. The walls of the box are kept
at a constant temperature T.
ii. The gas molecules are in continuous random motion, colliding with each other and hitting
the walls of the box and bouncing back.
iii. As per one of the assumptions, we neglect intermolecular collisions and consider only
elastic collisions with the walls.
z y


v

ns
L
x
L

io

iv. A typical molecule moving with the velocity v , about to collide elastically with the shaded
wall of the cube parallel to yz-plane.
v. During elastic collision, the component vx of the velocity will get reversed, keeping vy and

at
vz components unaltered.
vi. Hence the change in momentum of the particle is only in the x component of the
momentum, Δpx is given by, lic
Δpx = final momentum  initial momentum
= (mvx)  (mvx) = 2 mvx.…(1)
vii. Thus, the momentum transferred to the wall during collision is + 2mvx. The re-bounced
molecule then goes to the opposite wall and collides with it.
ub
viii. After colliding with the shaded wall, the molecule travels to the opposite wall and travels
back towards the shaded wall again.
ix. This means that the molecule travels a distance of 2L in between two collisions.
x. As L is the length of the cubical box, the time for the molecule to travel back and forth to
P

2L
the shaded wall is t = .
vx
xi. Average force exerted on the shaded wall by molecule 1 is given as,
et

Average force = Average rate of change of momentum

2mvx1 mv2x1
 Favg = = ….(2)
2L/vx1 L
rg

where v x is the x component of the velocity of molecule 1.

1

xii. Considering other molecules 2, 3, 4 ... with the respective x components of velocities
v x 2 , v x3 , v x 4 …., the total average force on the wall is,
Ta

m 2
Favg = 
v x + v 2x 2 + v 2x3  ....
L 1
 ….[From (2)]

 The average pressure

P=
Average force
=

m v2x1 + v2x2 + .... 
Area of shaded wall L × L2
xiii. The average of the square of the x component of the velocities is given by,
v2x1 + v2x2 + v2x3  ....  v2N
v2x 
N
2
mNv
 P= x

V
where v 2x is the average over all possible values of vx.
11
 

Std. XII Sci.: Physics

xiv. Now, v 2 = v 2x + v 2y + v 2z
1
By symmetry, v 2x = v 2y = v 2z = v 2 since the molecules have no preferred direction to move.
3
Therefore, average pressure
1 N
P= mv 2 .…(3) [4]
3V
Q.28. Definition: An electronic circuit which rectifies AC voltage is called rectifier.
Working of half wave rectifier:
i. The given figure shows the circuit of a half wave rectifier.
Transformer A X

ns
Primary Secondary RL
~

io
B Y
Half wave rectifier

ii. The secondary coil AB of a transformer is connected in series with a diode D and the load

at
resistance RL. The AC voltage across the secondary coil AB changes its polarities after
every half cycle.
iii. When the positive half cycle begins, the voltage at the point A is at higher potential with
lic
respect to that at the point B, therefore, the diode (D) is forward biased. It conducts and
current flows through the circuit.
iv. When the negative half cycle begins, the potential at the point A is lower with respect to
that at the point B and the diode is reverse biased, therefore, it does not conduct and no
current passes through the circuit.
ub
v. Hence, the diode conducts only in the positive half cycles of the AC input. It blocks the
current during the negative half cycles. In this way, current always flows through the load
RL in the same direction for alternate positive half cycles and DC output voltage obtained
across RL in the form of alternate pulses. [4]
P

Q.29. i. Scale
et

Permanent Magnet

Coil
rg

Spring
N S
Pivot
Ta

Uniform radial Soft iron core

magnetic field
Moving coil galvanometer
[2]
ii. Solution:
Given: P = 2  105 N/m2, V1 = 6 × 10–3 m3, W = 150 J
To find: Final volume (V2)
Formula: W = P (V2  V1)
Calculation: The gas is compressed,
 W = – 150 J
From formula,
– 150 = 2  105 [V2 – (6 × 10–3)]
12
12
 

Board Answer Paper: March 2022

 V2 = (– 75  10–5) + (6 × 10–3)
= (6 – 0.75)  10–3
= 5.25  10–3 m3
Ans: The final volume of the gas will be 5.25  10–3 m3. [2]
Q.30. i. a. A simple pendulum whose period is two seconds is called second’s pendulum.
L
b. Time period of simple pendulum, T = 2
g
Ls
For a second's pendulum, 2 = 2
g
Where, Ls is the length of second’s pendulum, having period T = 2 s.
g
 Ls = [2]

ns
2

ii. Solution:
Given: vmax = 25 cm/s, amax = 100 cm/s2

io
To find: Period (T)
2
Formulae: i. vmax = A ii. amax = A2 iii. =
T

at
Calculation: From formula (i), (ii) and (iii),
a max 2
==
vmax T lic
2 vmax
 T=
a max
23.142 25
= = 1.571 s
100
ub
Ans: Time period of oscillation is 1.571 s. [2]
Q.31. i. a. De Broglie proposed that a moving material particle of total energy E and
momentum p has a wave associated with it (analogous to a photon).
b. He suggested a relation between properties of wave, like frequency and wavelength,
P

with that of a particle, like energy and momentum.

p = E = h = h
c c 
et

c. Thus frequency and wavelength of a wave associated with a material particle, of

mass m moving with a velocity v, are given as
E h h
= and  = = ….(1)
h p mv
rg

d. De Broglie referred to these waves associated with material particles as matter

waves. The wavelength of the matter waves, given by equation (1), is now known as
de Broglie wavelength and the equation is known as de Broglie relation. [2]
Ta

ii. Solution:
Given: 0 = 4.2 eV = 4.2  1.6  10–19 J
To find: Threshold wavelength (0)
hc
Formula: 0 =
0
Calculation: From formula,
hc
0 =
0
6.63  1034  3  108
=
4.2  1.6  1019
= 2.9598  10–7 m
= 2959.8 Å
Ans: The threshold wavelength is 2959.8 Å. [2]
13