Marathon Fa
Marathon Fa
FA/FR Series
1-Color Fiber Optic Thermometer
2-Color Fiber Optic Thermometer
Operating Instructions
Rev. G 01/2010
53001
Fluke Service Center
Beijing, China
Tel: +86 10 6438 691
Tel: +86 10 4008103435 (Service)
[email protected]
Internet: http://www.raytek.com/
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© Raytek Corporation
Raytek and the Raytek Logo are registered trademarks of Raytek Corporation.
All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
SOFTWARE WARRANTY
The manufacturer does not warrant that the software described herein will function properly in every
hardware and software environment. This software may not work in combination with modified or
emulated versions of Windows operating environments, memory‐resident software, less than 100%
compatible DOS‐compatible systems, or with computers with inadequate memory. The manufacturer
warrants that the program disk is free from defects in material and workmanship, assuming normal
use, for a period of one year. Except for this warranty, the manufacturer makes no warranty or
representation, either expressed or implied, with respect to this software or documentation, including
its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. As a result, this software
and documentation are licensed “as is,” and the licensee (i.e., the User) assumes the entire risk as to its
quality and performance. The liability of the manufacturer under this warranty shall be limited to the
amount paid by the User. In no event shall the manufacturer be liable for any costs including but not
limited to those incurred as a result of lost profits or revenue, loss of use of the computer software,
loss of data, the cost of substitute software, claims by third parties, or for other similar costs.
Manufacturer’s software and documentation are copyrighted with all rights reserved. It is illegal to
make copies for another person.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Declaration of Conformity for the European Community
This instrument conforms to the following standards:
EMC: IEC 61326‐1:2006
Safety: IEC 61010‐1:2001
1 Safety Instructions
This document contains important information, which should be kept at all times with the instrument
during its operational life. Other users of this instrument should be given these instructions with the
instrument. Eventual updates to this information must be added to the original document. The
instrument can only be operated by trained personnel in accordance with these instructions and local
safety regulations.
Acceptable Operation
This instrument is intended only for the measurement of temperature. The instrument is appropriate
for continuous use. The instrument operates reliably in demanding conditions, such as in high
environmental temperatures, as long as the documented technical specifications for all instrument
components are adhered to. Compliance with the operating instructions is necessary to ensure the
expected results.
Unacceptable Operation
The instrument should not be used for medical diagnosis.
Replacement Parts and Accessories
Use only original parts and accessories approved by the manufacturer. The use of other products can
compromise the operation safety and functionality of the instrument.
Instrument Disposal
Disposal of old instruments should be handled according to professional and
environmental regulations as electronic waste.
Operating Instructions
The following symbols are used to highlight essential safety information in the operation instructions:
Helpful information regarding the optimal use of the instrument.
Warnings concerning operation to avoid instrument damage.
Warnings concerning operation to avoid personal injury.
Incorrect use of 110 / 230 V electrical systems can result in electrical hazards and personal
injury. All instrument parts supplied with electricity must be covered to prevent physical
contact and other hazards at all times.
Marathon Series FA/FR 1
2 Product Description
The Marathon FA/FR fiber optic series of instruments are high‐performance infrared thermometers.
Each has a front end consisting of a small, fixed focus optical head coupled to a rugged fiber optic
cable wrapped with a flexible stainless steel sheath. The fiber optic cable attaches to an electronics
enclosure, which can be mounted away from the hot, hostile environment. The electronics enclosure
can be connected to a computer with its two‐way RS485 interface.
Temperature measurements can be taken using either of the following modes:
• 1‐color mode (FA and FR sensors) – for standard temperature measurements. The 1‐color
mode is best for measuring the temperature of targets in areas where no sighting obstructions,
either solid or gaseous, exist. The 1‐color mode is also best where the target completely fills
the measurement spot and where the background or foreground are higher in temperature
than the target.
• 2‐color mode (FR sensors only) – temperatures are determined from the ratio of two separate
and overlapping infrared bands. The 2‐color mode is best for measuring the temperature of
targets that are partially obscured (either intermittently or permanently) by other objects,
openings, screens, or viewing windows that reduce energy, and by dirt, smoke, or steam in
the atmosphere. The 2‐color mode can also be used on targets that do not completely fill the
measurement spot, provided the background is much cooler than the target.
Each model operates as a temperature measurement subsystem consisting of optical elements, spectral
filters, detector, and digital electronics. All components are water‐tight NEMA‐4 (IEC 529, IP 65) rated
and are built to operate on a 100 percent duty cycle in industrial environments. Simultaneous analog
and digital outputs consist of standardized current signals commonly available for use with
computers, controllers, recorders, alarms, or A/D interfaces.
Model Description
FA1A, FA1B, FA1C 1-color-sensor in spectral range of 1 µm
different temperature ranges
FA1G 1-color-sensor specifically designed for measuring glass
FA2A, FA2B 1-color-sensor in spectral range of 1.6 µm
different temperature ranges
FR1A, FR1B, FR1C 2-color-sensor in spectral range of 1 µm (nominal)
different temperature ranges
Table 1: Models
2.1 Theory of Operation for 2‐Color Sensors
Two‐color ratio technology makes possible accurate and repeatable temperature measurements that
are free from dependence on absolute radiated energy values. In use, a 2‐color sensor determines
temperature from the ratio of the radiated energies in two separate wavelength bands (colors). The
benefits of 2‐color sensors are that accurate measurements can be made under the following
conditions:
• When the field of view to the target is partially blocked or obscured.
• When the target is smaller than the sensor’s field of view.
• When target emissivities are low or changing by the same factor in both wavelength bands.
2 Marathon Series FA/FR
2.1.1 Partially Obscured Targets
The radiated energy from a target is, in most cases, equally reduced when objects or atmospheric
materials block some portion of the optical field of view. It follows that the ratio of the energies is
unaffected, and thus the measured temperatures remain accurate. A 2‐color sensor is better than a 1‐
color sensor in the following conditions:
• Sighting paths are partially blocked (either intermittently or permanently).
• Dirt, smoke, or steam is in the atmosphere between the sensor and target.
• Measurements are made through items or areas that reduce emitted energy, such as grills,
screens, small openings, or channels.
• Measurements are made through a viewing window that has unpredictable and changing
infrared transmission due to accumulating dirt and/or moisture on the window surface.
• The sensor itself is subject to dirt and/or moisture accumulating on the lens surface.
1‐color sensors see polluted atmosphere and dirty windows and lenses as a reduction in
energy and give much lower than actual temperature readings!
2.1.2 Targets Smaller Than Field of View
When a target is not large enough to fill the field of view, or if the target is moving within the field of
view, radiated energies are equally reduced, but the ratio of the energies is unaffected and measured
temperatures remain accurate. This remains true as long as the background temperature is much
lower than the target’s. The following examples show where 2‐color sensors can be used when targets
are smaller than the field of view:
• Measuring wire or rod — often too narrow for field of view or moving or vibrating
unpredictably. It is much easier to obtain accurate results because sighting is less critical with
two‐color sensors.
• Measuring molten glass streams — often narrow and difficult to sight consistently with
single‐wavelength sensors.
2.1.3 Low or Changing Emissivities
If the emissivities in both wavelengths (colors) were the same, as they would be for any blackbody
(emissivity = 1.0) or graybody (emissivity < 1.0 but constant), then their ratio would be 1, and target
emissivity would not be an influence. However, in nature there is no such thing as a greybody. The
emissivity of all real objects changes with wavelength and temperature, at varying degrees, depending
on the material.
When emissivity is uncertain or changing, a 2‐color sensor can be more accurate than a 1‐color
instrument as long as the emissivity changes by the same factor in both wavelength bands. Note,
however, that accurate measurement results are dependent on the application and the type of material
being measured. To determine how to use 2‐color sensors with your application when uncertain or
changing emissivities are a factor, please contact your sales representative.
Marathon Series FA/FR 3
3 Technical Data
3.1 Measurement Specifications
3.1.1 FA Models
Temperature Range
FA1A 475 to 900°C (887°F to 1652°F)
FA1B 800 to 1900°C (1472°F to 3452°F)
FA1C 1200 to 3000°C (2192°F to 5432°F)
FA1G 750 to 1675°C (1382°F to 3047°F)
FA2A 250 to 800°C (482°F to 1472°F)
FA2B 400 to 1700°C (752°F to 3092°F)
Spectral Response
FA1 1.0 μm (Si detector)
FA2 1.6 μm (InGaAs detector)
System Accuracy 1
FA1/FA2 ±(0.3% Tmeas + 2°C), Tmeas in °C
FA1G ±3°C
Repeatability ±1°C
Temperature Resolution
Current Output ±0.05°C
±0.01°C for FA1G
Display and RS485 ±1°C
Response Time 10 msec (95%), selectable to 10 sec
Temperature Coefficient ±0.03% full scale change per 1°C change in ambient
temperature
Noise Equivalent Temp. (NET) 1°C peak to peak, at target emissivity of 1.00
Emissivity 0.10 to 1.00, in 0.01 increments
Signal Processing Peak Hold, valley hold, averaging
Hold time 0 – 300 sec, in 0.1 sec increments
3.1.2 FR Models
Temperature Range
FR1A 500 – 1100°C (930°F to 2010°F)
FR1B 700 – 1500°C (1290°F to 2730°F)
FR1C 1000 – 2500°C (1830°F to 4530°F)
Spectral Response 1.0 μm nominal (Si/Si sandwich detector)
1 at ambient temperature 23°C ±5°C (73°F ±9°F)
4 Marathon Series FA/FR
see also appendix 11.4 and 11.5, pages 57 ff.
Repeatability ±1°C (±2°F)
Temperature Resolution ±1°C (±2°F)
Response Time 10 msec (95%), selectable to 10 sec
Temperature Coefficient ±0.1% of reading at ambient temperature from 0 to 60°C
Emissivity (1‐color) 0.10 to 1.00, in 0.01 increments
Slope (2‐color) 0.850 to 1.150 in 0.001 increments
Max. Signal Reduction 95% at 600°C (1112°F), 50% at 500°C (932°F) for FR1A
95% at 875°C (1607°F), 50% at 700°C (1292°F) for FR1B
95% at 1300°C (2372°F), 50% at 1000°C (1832°F) for FR1C
Signal Processing Peak Hold, averaging, hold time 0 – 299.9 sec, in 0.1 sec
increments, 300.0 sec holds with external trigger
3.2 General Specifications
Display 7‐segment LED display, individual LED’s indicate modes
Environmental Rating NEMA‐4 (IEC 529, IP 65) rated with conduit adapter and
compression fitting (which prevents liquid from entering
through the connector)
Ambient Temperature
Head / Fiber Cable 0 to 200°C (32°F to 360°F)
Electronics Housing 0 to 60°C (32°F to 140°F), with cooling platform: 150°C (300°F)
Storage Temperature
Electronics Housing ‐20 to 70°C (‐4°F to 158°F)
Fiber Cable rated to 200°C (360°F), stainless steel armour, Viton coated,
NEMA‐4 (IP65)
for a high temperature fiber cable, see section 7 Options, on
page 33.
Relative Humidity 10 to 95%, not condensing at 22°C to 43°C (72°F to 110°F)
Electromagnetic Interference IEC 61326‐1
Mechanical Shock
Electronics Housing MIL‐STD‐810D (IEC 68‐2‐27), 50 G, 11 msec duration, any axis
Vibrations
Electronics Housing MIL‐STD‐810D (IEC 68‐2‐6), 3 G, 11 to 200 Hz any axis
1 at ambient temperature 23°C ±5°C (73°F ±9°F)
Marathon Series FA/FR 5
3.3 Electrical Specifications
Power Supply 24 VDC ±20%, 500 mA (max 100 mV peak to peak of ripple)
Power Consumption max. 12 W
Output Isolation 500 V AC or DC provided by manufacturer supplied power
supply accessory
Dielectric Withstand Voltage 500 V
Outputs
Analog 0 ‐ 20 mA, 4 ‐ 20 mA, 16 bit resolution
max current loop impedance: 500 Ω
Digital RS485 networkable to 32 sensors
Baud rate: 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200, 38400 (default)
Adjustable baud rate only available through 2‐way RS485.
Data format: 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit,
Software selectable 4‐wire, full‐duplex non‐multidrop, point‐to‐
point or 2‐wire half duplex multidrop
Relay Contacts max. 48 V, 300 mA, response time < 2 ms, (software
programmable)
Input
External Reset TTL input, trigger for resetting peak or valley hold
Sensor
Trigger
GND
Figure 1: External Reset Wiring Diagram
6 Marathon Series FA/FR
3.4 Dimensions
Figure 4: Dimensions of Electronics Housing
Marathon Series FA/FR 7
Figure 5: Adjustable Mounting Bracket for Optical Head
8 Marathon Series FA/FR
3.5 Optical Specifications
The sensor comes as a standard focus model or one of two close focus models, see following overview
for available options. For one‐color temperature measurements make sure the target completely fills
the measurement spot.
3.5.1 FA Models
3.5.1.1 Standard Focus
[inch] [inch]
S [inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
FA1A/FA2A SF
FA1B/FA1C/FA1G SF
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
S [mm]
[inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
FA2B SF
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point
Figure 6: Standard Focus Spot Size Charts for FA models
Marathon Series FA/FR 9
S [inch]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
FA1A/FA2A CF1 FA1A/FA2A CF2
S [mm]
Spot ∅
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Distance D to Object [mm] Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point D:S = 20:1 at focus point
[inch] [inch]
S [inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
FA1B/FA1C CF1 FA1B/FA1C CF2
S [mm]
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
[inch] [inch]
S [inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
Distance D to Object [mm] Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point D:S = 40:1 at focus point
Figure 7: Close Focus Spot Size Charts for FA models
10 Marathon Series FA/FR
3.5.2 FR Models
3.5.2.1 Standard Focus
[inch] [inch]
S [inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
FR1A SF
FR1B SF
S [mm]
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
Distance D to Object [mm] Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point D:S = 40:1 at focus point
[inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
FR1C SF
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 65:1 at focus point
Figure 8: Standard Focus Spot Size Charts for FR models
Marathon Series FA/FR 11
S [inch]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
FR1A CF1 FR1A CF2
S [mm]
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
Distance D to Object [mm] Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point D:S = 20:1 at focus point
[inch] [inch]
S [inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
[inch] [inch]
S [inch]
S [inch]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
FR1C CF1
FR1C CF2
S [mm]
S [mm]
Spot ∅
Spot ∅
Distance D to Object [mm] Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 65:1 at focus point D:S = 65:1 at focus point
Figure 9: Close Focus Spot Size Charts for FR models
3.6 Scope of Delivery
The scope of delivery includes the following:
• Marathon FA/FR Documentation and Support CD
• Mounting nuts
• Adjustable mounting bracket (XXXFOMB)
12 Marathon Series FA/FR
4 Sensor Location
Sensor location and configuration depends on the application. Before deciding on a location, you need
to be aware of the ambient temperature of the location, the atmospheric quality of the location
(especially for 1‐color temperature measurements), and the possible electromagnetic interference in
that location (a consideration only for the electronics enclosure). If you plan to use air purging, you
need to have an air connection available. Also, wiring and conduit runs must be considered, including
computer wiring and connections, if used. The following subsections cover topics to consider before
you install the sensor.
4.1 Ambient Temperature
The optical head is designed to operate in ambient temperatures up to 200°C (390°F). The electronics
enclosure is designed to operate in ambient temperatures between 0°C (32°F) and 60°C (140°F). The
internal ambient temperature can vary from 10°C (50°F) to 68°C (154°F). Internal temperatures outside
this range will cause a failsafe error.
4.2 Atmospheric Quality
Smoke, fumes, dust, and other contaminants in the air, as well as a dirty lens are generally not a
problem when using the 2‐color mode (as long as the attenuation is equal in both spectral bands).
However, if the lens gets too dirty, it cannot detect enough infrared energy to measure accurately, and
the instrument will indicate a failure. It is good practice to always keep the lens clean. The Air Purge
Collar helps keep contaminants from building up on the lens. If you use air purging, make sure an air
supply with the correct air pressure is installed before proceeding with the sensor installation.
4.3 Electrical Interference
To minimize electrical or electromagnetic interference or “noise” be aware of the following:
• Mount the electronics enclosure as far away as possible from potential sources of electrical
interference such as motorized equipment producing large step load changes.
• Use shielded wire for all input and output connections.
• Make sure the shield wire from the electronics to terminal block cable is earth grounded.
• For additional protection, use conduit for the external connections. Solid conduit is better than
flexible conduit in high noise environments.
• Do not run AC power for other equipment in the same conduit.
When installing the optical head, check for any high‐intensity discharge lamps or
heaters that may be in the field of view (either background or reflected on a shiny
target)! Reflected heat sources can cause a sensor to give erroneous readings.
4.4 Distance to Object
The requested spot size determines the maximum distance to the measurment object and the
necessary focus of the optic. The Standard Focus is set at infinity. The Close Focus optical heads are
focused at 100 mm (4 in) or 300 mm (12 in), see section 3.5 Optical Specifications, p. 9.
Marathon Series FA/FR 13
4.5 Sensor Placement (1‐Color Mode)
Optical head placement for one‐color temperature measurements is more critical than two‐color
measurements. The sensor must have a clear view of the target. There can be no obstructions on the
lens, window, or in the atmosphere. The distance from the target can be anywhere beyond the
minimum requirements, as long as the target completely fills the field of view. The following figure
illustrates proper placement when using the one‐color mode.
Figure 10: Proper Sensor Placement in 1‐Color Mode
4.6 Sensor Placement (2‐Color Mode)
The following figure shows head placement under various conditions where two‐color temperature
measurements can be taken. Note, however, that if the sensor signal is reduced more than 95%
(including emissivity and obscuration of the target), the sensor accuracy also degrades.
14 Marathon Series FA/FR
Figure 11: Sensor Placement in 2‐Color Mode
4.7 Viewing Angles
The optical head can be placed at any angle from the target up to 30° for one‐color mode, or 45° for
two‐color mode.
Marathon Series FA/FR 15
Best
90° to target Acceptable
Angles
Good
1-Color Mode: 30° to 90° to target
2-Color Mode: 45° to 90° to target
Bad
1-Color Mode: 0° to 30° to target
2-Color Mode: 0° to 45° to target
Figure 12: Acceptable Sensor Viewing Angles
16 Marathon Series FA/FR
5 Installation
5.1 Mounting the Sensor
After all preparations are complete according to section 4 Sensor Location, page 13 ff., you can install
the sensor.
How and where you anchor the optical head and electronics enclosure depends on the type of surface
and the type of bracket you are using. You can mount the optical head through a hole, on a bracket of
your own design, or on the available bracket accessory.
You may need to “snake” the fiber optic cable through and around any obstacles, such as beams,
walls, support columns, etc., or, if your installation requires, through conduit, before attaching the end
to the electronics enclosure. (Do not attach until you aim the optical head.) The cable can be
disconnected from the electronics box for aiming or threading through conduit during installation.
The cable is keyed and can only be inserted one way into the electronics enclosure.
Figure 13: Connecting the Fiber Optic Cable
Marathon Series FA/FR 17
5.2 Aiming
An effective aiming technique is to adjust the head until the highest reading is observed on the
internal display. When the highest reading is reached, hold the unit in place and secure the mounting
base. Make sure that the sensor is in 1‐color mode when using this aiming technique!
Another aiming can be done by means of a battery powered aiming light. Simply loosen the
compression sleeve holding the fiber optic cable, loosen the screw at the heater block, and pull the
cable out of the heater block approximately 7 mm (0.25 in), see Figure 13, p. 17. Raise the fiber optic
cable enough to slip the aiming light onto the end. Align the light beam on the target.
5.3 Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cables and optical heads are able to withstand hot ambient temperatures up to 200°C
(390°F), optional even up to 315°C (599°F). They can also operate in areas of high electromagnetic
fields, which would render conventional instruments useless. The small optical head can be mounted
in cramped locations. The fiber optic cable has a small bend radius (36 mm / 1.5 in minimum) and can
be “snaked” around and through machinery, walls, and other obstacles. If the cable needs to be
changed, it is field replaceable. A calibration program for replaced fiber cables is included with your
sensor. Longer fiber optic cables allow the electronics enclosure to be well away from hostile
environments.
The fiber optic cable is field replaceable, see section 10.4 Replacing the Fiber Optic Cable, p. 49. The
fiber optic cable and head are one component. The cable can be disconnected from the electronics box
for aiming or threading through conduit during installation. The cable is keyed and can only be
inserted one way into the electronics enclosure.
The fiber optic cable is a sealed, stainless‐steel armor sheath covering the fiber optic bundle.
Bend Radius of Fiber Bundle: 38 mm (1.5 in) minimum
Cable Diameter: 6.5 mm (0.25 in)
Ambient Temperature: 0 to 200°C (32°F to 392°F), optional up to 315°C (599°F)
Environmental Rating: Water tightness as per NEMA‐4 (IEC 529, IP 65) hose down test, rated
attached and with protective sleeves, which prevents liquid from
entering through the connectors. The given environmental rating is
not valid for the 315°C (599°F) cables!
18 Marathon Series FA/FR
5.4 Installing the Electronics Housing
The distance between the electronics housing and a computer (via RS485 cable) can be up to 1200 m
(4000 feet). This allows ample distance from the harsh environment where the sensing head is
mounted to a control room or pulpit where the computer is located.
For reliable performance it is recommended that the power supply be no more than
60 m (200 feet) away!
Following you can see installation examples shown with two representative cable types. A 4‐wire
cable is used to wire the 24 VDC power supply and one output of the electronics housing. A coated
12‐wire cable is used to wire all inputs and outputs of the electronics housing.
Sometimes in cable both sets of twisted‐pair wires have drain wires inside their insulation. These
drain wires must be assembled and connected to the terminal labeled SHIELD (bare). Also connect the
earth ground to the SHIELD (bare) terminal. The following figure shows how to configure the drain
wires of both 4‐ and 12‐wire cables before connecting to the sensor and RS485/RS232 converter.
Attach to SHIELD Twist braided shield and two drain wires from
in electronics housing the two twisted pairs together
e.g.
To electronics housing to power supply,
to RS232/485 converter,
other inputs/outputs
12-wire cable
Attach to SHIELD Earth Ground
in electronics housing
e.g.
To electronics housing to power supply,
0/4 – 20 mA current output
4-wire cable
Earth Ground
Figure 14: Configuring the Sensor Cable
The complete wiring must have only one common earth ground point!
Cables can be run to the electronics enclosure through conduit or fastened using the a compression
fitting. Once you run the cable into the enclosure, attach the color‐coded bare wires to the terminals.
Use the following figure (or diagram on underside of lid) as a wiring guide. Note that the terminal
blocks in the electronics enclosure can be “popped” out for easy wire connections.
Marathon Series FA/FR 19
Incorrect wiring can damage the sensor and void the warranty! Before applying power,
make sure all connections are correct and secure!
The following figure illustrates how to remove the terminal block.
Figure 16: Removing the Terminal Block
The electronics box has two compression fittings to provide water sealing for the fiber optics cable and
the electronics cable. The compression fitting must be tightened with a wrench around the cables to
achieve water sealing. To achieve sealing for the fiber optics cable, hand tighten the compression
fitting around the cable, and then use a wrench to tighten another 1 1/2 to 2 turns. If the cable is too
thin then it may be necessary to add a bushing or heat shrink material to increase the cable diameter in
order to ensure sealing. Hand tighten the compression fitting around the cable, and then use a wrench
to tighten another 1½ to 2 turns.
20 Marathon Series FA/FR
5.5 Power Supply
Connections from a 24 VDC (500 mA or higher) power supply attach to the appropriate terminals on
the electronic enclosure’s terminal strip.
Isolated power is required, and this is provided by the appropriate manufacturer
supplied power supply accessory. Beware of use of other power supplies which may
not provide the necessary isolation and could cause instrument malfunction or damage!
5.6 RS232/485 Interface Converter
To connect to a computer’s RS232 port, you need one of the Interface Converter accessories (similar to
the following figure) and the proper RS232 cable. If your computer has an RS485 interface card, you
can connect the sensor directly to its port (using the proper connector) with wiring from the electronic
enclosure’s terminal block.
Connect the interface converter to an available COM port on your computer, either directly or with an
appropriate serial cable (available from computer supply stores). If your computer has a 9‐pin serial
connector, use the supplied 25‐pin to 9‐pin cable between the interface converter or cable and the
computer.
For appropriate interface converters, see section 8.5 RS232/485 Interface Converter on page 37.
RS232 25-pin female connector RS232 25-pin female connector
Figure 17: RS232/485 Interface Converter, with pins (left, XXX485CV…)
or terminal (right, XXX485CVT…)
The RS485 output is as follows:
Baud rate: 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200, 38400 (default)
Note: Adjustable baud rate only available through 2‐way RS485.
Data format: 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit
4‐wire, full duplex, point‐to‐point
5.7 Connecting to a PC
To set up your computer to initialize the sensors, complete the following steps:
1. Remove power from the FA/FR sensor!
Marathon Series FA/FR 21
You need to make sure another serial device (e.g. an internal modem) is not using the
identical COM‐port at the same time!
Always make all electrical connections before applying power to the FA/FR sensor! Do
not change RS485 or power connections on the RS485/RS232 converter while the FA/FR
sensor has power applied, as this may cause damage to the Interface converter!
5.7.1 Multidrop Installation (4‐Wire)
In 4‐wire multidrop installations the data can be transferred in both directions, from sensor to PC and
reverse.
RS232/485
Interface Converter
To Computer
RS232 serial port XXX485CVT…
from RxB
from RxA
from TxB
from TxA
Ground
+24 VDC (optional)
Electronics Housing
9 VDC power supply or ... 24 VDC power supply
Figure 18: Wiring for 4‐Wire Sensor Setup
5.7.2 Multidrop Installation (2‐Wire)
Using the 2‐wire installation saves 2 wires in comparison to the 4‐wire installation. The disadvantage
is, that the data transfer can be only in one direction at the same time.
22 Marathon Series FA/FR
Ground
+24 VDC (optional)
Electronics Housing
9 VDC power supply or ... 24 VDC power supply
Figure 19: Wiring for 2‐Wire Sensor Setup
5.7.3 Connecting to Terminal Block
If you need to extend the wiring or to have a complete wiring of all inputs/outputs, use the Terminal
Block accessory. Make sure you connect the color‐coded wires correctly.
Terminal Block
RS232/485 (for cable extension)
Interface Converter
XXX485CV…
From electronics housing or
another sensing head
To Computer
RS232 serial port
Electronics Housing
XXX485CVT…
Figure 20: Connections from Sensor to Computer with the Terminal Block
Marathon Series FA/FR 23
5.8 Installing of Multiple Sensors in a Network
5.8.1 Wiring
For an installation of two or more sensors in a network, each sensor cable is wired to its own terminal
block. The RS485 terminals on each terminal block are wired in parallel.
The following figure illustrates the wiring of sensors in a 4‐wire multidrop installation. A network as a
2‐wire multidrop installation is to realize according to Figure 19, p. 23.
from additional terminal block
of another sensor
RxB RxA TxB TxA
RS232/485
Interface Converter
XXX485CVT…
from RxB
from RxA
from TxB
from TxA
Ground
+24 VDC
Elektronikbox
5.8.2 Addressing
The addressing of a sensor can be done by means of the Multidrop Software (Menu <Sensor Setup>)
that came with your sensor. As alternative the specific interface commands of the sensor can be used
in conjunction with a standard terminal program (e.g. Windows HyperTerminal), see section 9.5
Command List, p. 42.
If you are installing two or more sensors in a multi‐drop configuration, please be aware of the
following:
• Each sensor must have a unique address.
• Each sensor must be set to the same baud rate.
24 Marathon Series FA/FR
6 Operation
Once you have the optical head and electronics housing positioned and connected properly, the
system is ready for continuous operation.
The operation of the sensor can be done by means of the control panel in the electronics housing or by
means of the software that came with your sensor.
6.1 Control Panel
The sensor is equipped with a control panel, which has setting/controlling buttons and an LED
display. You can configure sensor settings with the control panel or with a computer. The panel is
used primarily for setting up the instrument. The buttons and LEDs are defined in the following
sections.
Allow the electronics to warm up for 15 minutes before making control panel
adjustments!
or °F °F
Emissivity Є Lowers selected function value
Figure 22: Control Panel for FA Model
or °F °F
Figure 23: Control Panel for FR Model
Marathon Series FA/FR 25
6.2 Operation Modes
When you first turn the unit on, the display shows the current temperature. Pushing the mode selector
button will change the figures on the display to the current setting for each particular mode. The
following figure illustrates the sequence of operation for the mode selector button when in current
temperature mode.
Figure 24: Mode Selector Button Sequence (FA Models)
26 Marathon Series FA/FR
Figure 25: Mode Selector Button Sequence (FR Models)
6.2.1 Temperature Display
The temperature display can be set for either °C or °F by pressing the C/F selector button (c – up
arrow), which also doubles as the Increase Value button for the other modes. The Decrease Value
(d – down arrow) button is inactive in this mode. A lit LED shows you whether the measured
temperature is in °C or °F. Note that this setting influences the RS485 output for both target and
internal temperatures.
6.2.2 Emissivity (1‐Color)
You can set the unit up for either 1‐color or 2‐color measurements. The 1C/2C selector button on the
control panel switches between the two functions. One of the red LEDs, labeled 1C and 2C, will show
what function is active.
The emissivity is a calculated ratio of infrared energy emitted by an object to the energy emitted by a
blackbody at the same temperature (a perfect radiator has an emissivity of 1.00). The emissivity is
preset at 1.00. For information on determining an unknown emissivity, and for sample emissivities,
refer to section 11.1 Determination of Emissivity and 11.2 Typical Emissivity Values, p. 54f.
To change the unit’s emissivity setting, complete the following:
1. Make sure the 1C LED is lit.
2. Press the Mode button until the Є LED is lit. The current emissivity value shows on the
display.
3. Press the c or d button to change the value.
4. Press the Mode button several times until the C or F LED is lit. The displayed temperature
will now be based on the new emissivity value.
6.2.3 Slope (2‐Color)
The slope is the quotient of the emissivities based on the narrow and the wide spectral range (first and
second wavelength). The slope is preset at the factory at 1.000.
Marathon Series FA/FR 27
The slope is the deciding parameter for measurements in 2‐color mode! The emissivity
affects only measurements in 1‐color mode.
For information on determining an unknown slope, and for sample slopes, refer to section 11.3 Typical
Slopes, p. 56.
To change the unit’s slope setting, complete the following:
1. Make sure the 2C LED is lit.
2. Press the Mode button until the Є LED is lit. The current slope value shows on the display.
3. Press the c or d button to change the value.
4. Press the Mode button several times until the C or F LED is lit. The displayed temperature
will now be based on the new slope value.
6.2.4 2C/1C Switch
To switch between 2‐color and 1‐color temperature measurement push the 2C/1C selector button. A lit
LED indicates the active measurement method. Switching affects the LED display and analog out but
not the RS485 out.
6.2.5 Peak Hold (PKH)
With Peak Hold, the respective last peak value is held for the duration of Hold Time.
To set and activate Peak Hold, do the following:
1. Press the Mode button until the PKH LED is lit.
2. Press thec button to both set and activate. The display reads in 0.1 seconds. Set Peak Hold
from 0.1 to 299.9 seconds. If Peak Hold is set to 300.0 seconds, a hardware reset is needed to
trigger another reading. If Peak Hold is set to 0.0 seconds, the function is deactivated.
3. Press the Mode button until the C or F LED is lit. If Peak Hold has been activated, the Peak
LED will stay lit.
Once Peak Hold is set above 0, it automatically activates. The output signal remains the same until one
of two things happens:
• The peak hold time runs out. In this case, the signal reverts to actual temperature.
• The actual temperature goes above the hold temperature. In this case, starts holding new
peak.
Note that other hold functions (like Valley Hold or Averaging) cannot be used concurrently.
By means of the software other hold functions are adjustable (e.g. Advanced Peak Hold).
6.2.6 Averaging (AVG)
Averaging can be useful when an average temperature over a specific duration is desired, or when a
smoothing of fluctuating temperatures is required.
The averaging algorithm simulates a first order low pass RC filter whose time constant can be
adjusted to match the user’s averaging needs. The following figure illustrates an averaging output
signal.
28 Marathon Series FA/FR
Figure 26: Averaging Example
To set and activate Averaging, do the following:
1. Press the Mode button until the AVG LED is lit.
2. Press thec button to both set and activate. The display reads in 0.1 seconds. Set Average
anywhere from 0.1 to 300.0 seconds. If Average is set to 0.0 seconds, the function is
deactivated.
3. Press the Mode button until the C or F LED is lit. If Average has been activated, the AVG LED
will stay lit.
Once Averaging is set above 0, it automatically activates. Note that other hold functions (like Peak
Hold or Valley Hold) cannot be used concurrently.
6.2.7 Valley Hold (VAL)
With Valley Hold, the respective last valley value is held for the duration of Hold Time.
Function and setting for valley hold corresponds to the already described Peak Hold function, see
section 6.2.5 Peak Hold (PKH), p. 28. The Valley Hold function is not available for 2‐color units.
6.2.8 Overview to Hold Functions
The following table lists the various Hold functions along with their resets and timing values. Use this
table as a guide for programming your sensor and adjusting the Hold times.
Please note, the setting of some commands is not possible by using of the control panel, these
commands are only available by means of the software.
Hold Function RESET by Peak Time Valley Time Threshold Hysteresis Decay Rate
Protocol code
P F C XY XE
none none 000.0 000.0 -* -* -*
Peak Hold timer 000.1-299.9 000.0 000.0 -* 000.0
Peak Hold trigger 300.0** 000.0 000.0 -* 000.0
Marathon Series FA/FR 29
6.2.9 Setpoints
The two Setpoints are deactivated by default (alarm mode). Activating and adjusting the Setpoints is
accomplished through software. Once one or both Setpoints are activated the relay changes state as
the current temperature passes the setpoint temperature.
6.2.10 Deadband
Deadband is a zone of flexibility around the Setpoint. The alarm does not go abnormal until the
temperature exceeds the Setpoint value by the number of set deadband degrees. Thereafter, it does not
go normal until the temperature is below the Setpoint by the number of set deadband degrees. The
Deadband is factory preset to ± 2° C or F of Setpoint value. Adjusting to other values is accomplished
through software. For information on the sensor’s communication protocols, see section
9 Programming Guide on page 39. The following figure is an example of the Deadband around a
Setpoint temperature of 960°C (1760°F).
30 Marathon Series FA/FR
Object Temperature
962°C
Deadband
Setpoint: 960°C
958°C
Time
Normal State Alarm Normal State Alarm
Figure 27: Deadband Example
6.2.11 Ambient Background Temperature Compensation (FA Models)
The FA model is capable of improving the accuracy of target temperature measurements by taking
into account the ambient, or background, temperature. This feature is useful when the target
emissivity is below 1.0 and the background temperature is not significantly lower than the target
temperature. To utilize this feature, you must enable the sensor with the background temperature
feature via the DataTemp Software.
6.3 Inputs and Outputs
6.3.1 Milliamp Output
The milliamp output is an analog output you can connect directly to a recording device (e.g., chart
recorder), PLC, or controller. The analog output resolution for all models is 0.5°C or 1°F. The mA
output can be forced to a specific value, underrange, or overrange with a 2‐ way RS485 command.
This feature is useful for testing or calibrating connected equipment.
6.3.2 Relay Outputs
The relay output is used as an alarm for failsafe conditions or as a setpoint relay, refer to section 10.2
Fail‐Safe Operation, p. 46. Relay outputs relate to the currently displayed temperature on the LED
display. The relay output can be used to indicate an alarm state or to control external actions. The
relay can be set to either NO (Normally Open) or NC (Normally Closed) with a 2‐ way RS485
command (depending on the compatibility requirements of connected equipment). The relay can be
forced on or off via the 2‐way for testing connected equipment.
6.3.3 Trigger
Peak Hold and Valley Hold can be Reset by shorting the Trigger input (labeled TRIG) to Ground
(labeled GND) for a minimum of 10 msec. This can be done either with a momentary switch or a relay.
Both Peak Hold and Valley Hold have to be set to 300.0 seconds to recognize this Reset. The Reset
signal will cause the peak or valley reading that the sensor is holding to change immediately to the
current target temperature.
Marathon Series FA/FR 31
6.4 Factory Defaults
To globally reset the unit to its factory default settings, press the c and d buttons at the same time for
approximately 2 seconds. The baud rate will not change from the last value when this is done.
Figure 28: Factory Defaults
32 Marathon Series FA/FR
7 Options
Options are items that are factory installed and must be specified at time of order. The following are
available:
• Fiber optic cable lengths: 1, 3, 6, 10 m (3, 10, 20, 33 ft), 22 m (72 ft) for selected models
• ISO Calibration Certificate, based on NIST/DKD certified probes (XXXFR1CERT)
• High Temperature Fiber Cable (…H), rated to 315°C (600°F), not available on FA2 models
• Laser Sighting (…L) only on FA1A/FA2A and FR1A/FR1B models
• Cooling Platform for Electronics Housing (...W)
The High Temperature Fiber Cable excludes Viton coating and IP65 (NEMA‐4) rating!
7.1 Cooling Platform for Electronics Housing
The cooling platform for the electronics housing can be used for ambient temperatures up to 150°C
(302°F). For an efficient cooling a water flow of 2 l (0.53 gallons) per minute is recommended at a
water temperature of 16°C (61°F).
Mounting hole: Ø 5 mm (0.188); max. fastener head: 8 mm (0.31)
Figure 30: Cooling Platform for Electronics Housing
Marathon Series FA/FR 33
8 Accessories
8.1 Overview
A full range of accessories for various applications and industrial environments are available.
Accessories include items that may be ordered at any time and added on‐site. These include the
following:
• Air Purge Collar with protection tube for optical head (XXXFOHAPA)
• Protection Tube (XXXFOSTCA)
• Fitting System
• RS232/485 Interface Converter (XXX485CV…)
• Industrial Power Supply (XXXSYSPS)
• Terminal Block (XXX2CTB)
• Terminal Block including 24 VDC power supply and NEMA‐4 (IP 65) rated housing
(RAYMAPB)
• High intensity aiming light 150 W, (XXXHIALFA1: 110 VAC powered, XXXHIALFA2:
230 VAC powered)
2 x Mounting nuts
Optical head
Adjustable mounting
Air purge collar bracket
Table 3: Accessories (selection)
34 Marathon Series FA/FR
8.2 Air Purge Collar
The Air Purge Collar accessory is used to keep dust, moisture, airborne particles, and vapors away
from the optical headʹs lens. It can be installed before or after the bracket. It must be screwed in fully.
Air flows into the 1/8” NPT fitting and out the front aperture. Air flow should be a maximum of 0.5 ‐
1.5 liters/sec (1 ‐ 3 cfm). Clean (filtered) or “instrument” air is recommended to avoid contaminants
from settling on the lens. Do not use chilled air below 10°C (50°F). Also provided is a stainless steel
protection tube, 150 mm (6 inches) long by 25 mm (1 inch) diameter that threads onto the front of the
air purge collar.
Figure 31: Air Purge Collar and Protection Tube (XXXFOHAPA)
8.3 Protection Tube
The protection tube is available as an accessory. It is 305 mm (12 in.) long and 32 mm (1.26 in.) in
diameter and comes with ¾” NPT external thread at one end. The optical head is threaded with the
protection tube. The use of the air purge collar in the same time is possible.
Figure 32: Protection Tube for Optical Head
Marathon Series FA/FR 35
8.4 Fitting System
Flexible accessory selections allow you to pick and choose the accessories you need.
Item 1
Stainless steel air purge with quick release fitting
and Sapphire window
Air connector: ¼“ NPT
Item 2
Stainless steel tube 203 mm (8 in)
Item 3
Stainless steel 4-bolt mounting flange
Item 4
Stainless steel gravity-held mounting base
Figure 33: Flexible Fitting System
Figure 34: Dimension for 4‐Bolt Mounting Flange
36 Marathon Series FA/FR
8.5 RS232/485 Interface Converter
The RS232/485 interface converters have built‐in smart switching and have been designed to be fast,
allowing for use in either 2‐wire or 4‐wire mode, in either multi‐drop or stand‐alone mode. The
RS232/485 interface converter is required for multi‐drop communications.
Do not use other commercially available converters, they do not have the necessary
features!
Table 4: Available RS232/485 Interface Converters
For more information regarding the wiring of the RS232/485 interface converter, see section 5.6
RS232/485 Interface Converter on page 21 and section 5.7 Connecting to a PC on page 21.
Marathon Series FA/FR 37
8.6 Industrial Power Supply
The DIN‐rail mount industrial power supply transforms an input voltage of 85 – 264 VAC into an
output voltage of 24 VDC / 1.25 A. The power supply provides short circuit and overload protection.
To prevent electrical shocks, the power supply must be used in protected environments
(cabinets)!
Technical data:
Protection class class II as per IEC/EN 61140
Environmental protection IP20
Operating temperature range ‐25°C to 70°C (‐13°F to 158°F)
AC Input L, N
wire size: 0.5 to 2 mm² (AWG 24 to 12)
DC Output + ‒
wire size: 0.5 to 2 mm² (AWG 24 to 12)
Figure 35: Dimension of Industrial Power Supply
38 Marathon Series FA/FR
9 Programming Guide
This section explains the sensor’s communication protocol. Use them when writing custom programs
for your applications or when communicating with your sensor with a terminal program.
9.1 Remote versus Manual Considerations
Since the sensor includes a local user interface, the possibility exists for a person to make manual
changes to parameter settings. To resolve conflicts between inputs to the sensor, it observes the
following rules:
• Command precedence: the most recent parameter change is valid, whether originating from
manual or remote.
• If a manual parameter change is made, the sensor will transmit a “notification” string to the
host. (Notification strings are suppressed in multidrop mode.)
• A manual lockout command is available in the protocols set so the host can render the user
interface “display only,” if desired.
All parameters set via the 2‐way interface are retained in the sensor’s nonvolatile memory.
When a unit is placed in multidrop mode its manual user interface is automatically
locked! It can be unlocked with the command XXXJ=U <CR>, where XXX is the
multidrop address.
9.2 Command Structure
Protocols are the set of commands that define all possible communications with the sensor. The
commands are described in the following sections along with their associated ASCII command
characters and related message format information. Types of commands include the following:
1. A request for the current value of a parameter
2. A change in the setting of a parameter
3. Defining the information contents of a string (either continuously output or periodically
polled at the option of the user)
The sensor will respond to every command with either an “acknowledge” or a “not acknowledge”
string. Acknowledge strings begin with the exclamation mark ! and are either verification of a set
command or a parameter value. If the unit is in multidrop mode the 3‐digit address can be sent out
before the exclamation mark.
For a change in the setting of a parameter, the range of possible setting values is defined, and, if the
host inputs a value outside the allowed range, an appropriate “error” response character shall be
transmitted back by the sensor.
All commands must be entered in upper case (capital) letters. Also note that leading
and trailing zeros are necessary!
Marathon Series FA/FR 39
9.3 Transfer Modes
The protocol allows the use of two different modes: the Poll Mode and the Burst Mode
9.3.1 Poll Mode
The current value of any individual parameter can be requested by the host. The unit responds once
with the value at the selected baud rate. Additionally, the user‐defined output string can be polled.
9.3.2 Burst Mode
The unit transmits the user‐defined output string (continuously, at the selected baud rate), which may
contain all of the parameters. Parameters may also be polled for while the instrument is in burst mode.
The poll string will be inserted in the burst‐mode stream.
The sensor transmits the parameters in a fixed order, regardless of the order in which they are
specified. This order is as follows:
1. Temperature unit
2. Target temperature
3. Power
4. Emissivity
5. Peak hold time
6. Average time
7. Mode (Setup/Fast)
8. Internal temperature
9. Temperature setting for 20 mA
10. Temperature setting for 0 mA / 4 mA
11. Output current (specified values, in mA, or controlled by sensor)
12. Multidrop address
13. Trigger status
14. Multidrop address
15. Initialization flag
The following items cannot be placed in the burst output string:
• Poll/Burst Mode
• Baud rate
• Manual Lockout/Unlock
40 Marathon Series FA/FR
9.4 Response Time in Setup Mode
The analog output response time is not guaranteed while a parameter value is being changed or if
there is a continuous stream of commands from the host.
The digital response time specifies how quickly the unit can report a temperature change via RS485 in
burst mode. (Digital response time is not defined for polled mode.) The digital response time is
defined as the time that elapses between a change in target temperature and the transmission of a
burst string reporting the new temperature. Actual digital response time can vary from one reading to
the next, so the digital response time is defined as the “average digital response time.”
The average digital response time depends on the number of characters requested in the output string
and with the baud rate. It may be computed as the following:
n ⋅ 15000
t = 9.9 +
b
where:
t = average response time in ms
n = the number of characters in the string including <CR> and <LF>
b = the baud rate
Example:
With a baud rate of 38400, and an output string containing temperature units, 2‐color temperature and
ambient (20 characters), the average digital response time would be the following:
20 ⋅15000
t = 9.9 + = 17.7ms
38400
Note that the analog output response time is not affected by baud rate or the number of characters
transmitted in the burst string.
Marathon Series FA/FR 41
9.5 Command List
In depending from the specific commands, the following characters are used:
? ... host (e.g. PC) requests for a parameter value of the unit
! ... unit acknowledges a valid parameter request and responses with the parameter value
= ... host forces the unit to set a certain parameter
# ... unit informs the host, a parameter was set on the control panel manually
* ... unit’s error response
Description Char Format (2) P (1) B (1) S (1) N (1) Legal Values Factory Default
Burst string format $ (3) √ √ (3) UTSI
Ambient radiation correction A nnnn √ √ 0000-3000°C 0000
(FA only)
Measured attenuation B nn √ √ 0 to 99
Advanced Hold Threshold C nnnn √ √ 0000-3000°C 0000 = no advanced hold
Baud rate (5) D nnn √ 003=300 baud 38400
012=1200 baud
024=2400 baud
096=9600 baud
192=19200 baud
√ 384=38400 baud
Emissivity E n.nn √ √ √ 0.10-1.00 1.00
Valley hold time (FA only) F nnn.n √ √ √
Average time (4) G nnn.n √ √ √ 000.0-300.0 s 000.0
Top of mA range H nnnn √ √ √ √ 0000-9999 (°C/°F) High end of sensor range
Sensor internal ambient I nnn √ √
Switch panel lock J X √ √ L = locked, U = unlocked unlocked
Relay alarm output control K n √ 0 = off 2
1 = on
2 = normally open
3 = normally closed
Bottom of mA range L nnnn √ √ √ 0000-9999 (°C/°F) (6)
Mode (FR only) M n √ √ √ √ 1 = 1-color, 2 = 2-color 2
Target temperature N nnnn √ √ √
1-color (FR only)
Output current O nn √ √ 00 = controlled by unit 00
02 = under range
21 = over range
00-20 = current in mA
Peak hold time (4) P nnn.n √ √ √ √ 000.0-300.0 s 0000.0
Table 5: Command List
(1) P = Poll Mode (Request for a parameters), B = Burst Mode (continuous sending of parameters in the burst string), S = Set
(Command for setting a parameters), N = Notification (Acknowledgment for setting a parameter)
(2) n = number, X = uppercase letter
(3) see section 9.3.2 Burst Mode, p. 40
(4) Setting peak hold cancels average, and vice‐versa. 300.0 means reset only with external trigger
(5) The sensor restarts after a baud rate change.
42 Marathon Series FA/FR
Table 6: Command List (continued)
(4) in current scale (°C or °F)
(5) see section 9.3.2 Burst Mode, p. 40
(6) no effect if relay in alarm mode
(7) N = no laser built in
(8) Note that this command has a special effect on the “Bottom of mA range” parameter, as noted above in (6)
(9) 0000 places unit in alarm mode. Non‐zero setpoint value puts unit in Setpoint mode. Setpoint is in current scale (°C or °F).
Must be within unit’s temperature range.
(10) Relay goes to abnormal, display and analog out continue to provide temperature.
(11) XP = 000 means only 1 setpoint or no setpoint is used. XS <> 0000 and XP <> 0000 means 2 setpoints are used. (XS defines
the first setpoint. XP defines the second setpoint.)
Marathon Series FA/FR 43
9.6 Command Examples
HOST SENSOR HOST SENSOR WHERE USED (1)
Description Query Answer Set Notification P B S N
Burst string format 001?$ 001!$UTSI 001$=UTSI √ √
Show list of commands 001? √
Measured attenuation 001?B 001!B12 √ √
Baud rate 001!D384 001D=384 √
Emissivity 001?E 001!E0.95 001E=0.95 001#E0.95 √ √ √ √
Average time 001?G 001!G001.2 001G=001.2 001#G001.2 √ √ √ √
Top of mA range 001?H 001!H2000 001H=2000 001#H2000 √ √ √
Sensor internal ambient 001?I 001!I028 √ √
Switch panel lock 001?J 001!IJL 001J=L √ √
Relay alarm output control 001!K0 001K=0 √ √
Bottom of mA range 001?L 001!L1200 001L=1200 √ √ √
Mode – FR series 001?M 001!M1 001M=1 001#M1 √ √ √ √
Target temperature, 1-color narrow 001?N 001!N1158 √
Output current 001!O10 001O=10 √ √ √
Peak hold time 001?P 001!P005.6 001P=005.6 001#P005.6 √ √ √ √
Power 001?Q 001!Q0036.102 √ √
Narrow Power 001?R 001!R0002.890 √ √
Slope 001?S 001!S0.850 001S=0.850 001#S0.850 √ √ √ √
Target temperature, 2-color (FR only) 001?T 001!T1225 √ √
Temperature units 001?U 001!UC 001U=C 001#UC √ √ √ √
Poll/Burst mode 001!VP 001V=P √
Target temperature, 1-color wide 001?W 001!W1210 √ √
Burst string contents 001?X$ √
Multidrop address 001?XA 001!XA013 001XA=013 √ √ √
Low temperature limit 001?XB 001!XB √
Deadband 001?XD 001!XD12 001XD=12 √ √
Restore factory defaults 001!XF XF 001#XF √ √
High temperature limit 001?XH 001!XH1400 √
Sensor initialization 001?XI 001!XI0 001XI=0 001#XI √ √ √ √
Laser 001?XL 001!XL1 001XL=1 001#XL1 √ √ √
Sensor model type 001?XM 001!XR √
0-20 mA or 4 - 20 mA analog output 001?XO 001!XO4 001XO=4 √ √
Second setpoint 001?XP 001!XP1234 001XP=1234 √ √
Sensor revision 001?XR 001!XRF1 √
Setpoint / relay function 001?XS 001!XS1234 001XS=1234 √ √
Trigger 001?XT 001!XT0 001#XT0 √ √ √
Identify unit 001?XU 001!XUFR1 √
Sensor serial number 001?XV 001!XVA099901 √
Attenuation to activate relay 001?Y 001!Y95 001Y=95 √ √ √
Attenuation for failsafe 001?Z 001!Z99 001Z=99 √ √ √
Table 7: Command Examples
(1) P = Poll Mode (Request for a parameters), B = Burst Mode (continuous sending of parameters in the burst string), S = Set
(Command for setting a parameters), N = Notification (Acknowledgment for setting a parameter)
The given examples are related to a unit in a network addressed with address 001. Stand‐alone
units are requested without having an address information in the command.
44 Marathon Series FA/FR
10 Maintenance
Our sales representatives and customer service are always at your disposal for questions regarding
application assistance, calibration, repair, and solutions to specific problems. Please contact your local
sales representative if you need assistance. In many cases, problems can be solved over the telephone.
If you need to return equipment for servicing, calibration, or repair, please contact our Service
Department before shipping. Phone numbers are listed at the beginning of this document.
10.1 Troubleshooting Minor Problems
Symptom Probable Cause Solution
Temperature fluctuates Wrong signal processing Correct Peak/Valley Hold or Average settings
Table 8: Troubleshooting
Marathon Series FA/FR 45
10.2 Fail‐Safe Operation
The Fail‐Safe system is designed to alert the operator and provide a safe output in case of any system
failure. Basically, it is designed to shutdown the process in the event of a set‐up error, system error, or
a failure in the sensor electronics.
The Fail‐Safe circuit should never be relied on exclusively to protect critical heating
processes. Other safety devices should also be used to supplement this function!
When an error or failure does occur, the display indicates the possible failure area, and the output
circuits automatically adjust to their lowest or highest preset level. The following table shows the
values displayed on the LED display and transmitted over the 2‐way interface.
Table 9: Error Codes in 1‐Color Mode (FA models)
Table 10: Error Codes in 2‐Color Mode (FR models)
46 Marathon Series FA/FR
Table 11: Current Output Values in accordance to an Error
If two errors occur simultaneously, the higher priority error is the one that is presented on the LED’s
digital and analog outputs. For example, in 2‐color mode, if the internal ambient is too high and the
attenuation is too high, the unit outputs EIHH on the LED’s and digital output and 21 mA on the
analog output. However, since 2‐color wide band and narrow band temperatures may all be
presented simultaneously through RS485, their over and under range conditions are independent.
Examples of failsafe conditions:
1. One‐color temperature is selected for display on the LED’s. Two‐color temperature is
transmitted in burst mode. Wide band temperature is under range. Two‐color temperature is
999°C.
Outputs:
Display: EUUU
RS485: C T0999
Analog: 2 to 3 mA
Relay: abnormal state
2. Two‐color temperature is selected for display on LED’s. All three temperatures are
transmitted in burst mode. Two‐color temperature is 1021°C. Wide band temperature is
703°C. Narrow band temperature is 685°C. Attenuation is above 95%, the “dirty window”
threshold.
Outputs:
Display: 1021
RS485: C T1021 W0703 N0685
Analog: scaled to temperature, between 4 and 20 mA
Relay: abnormal state
Marathon Series FA/FR 47
10.3 Cleaning the Lens
Keep the lens clean at all times. Any foreign matter on the window will affect 1‐color measurement
accuracy and may affect two‐color accuracy. However, care should be taken when cleaning the lens.
To clean the window, do the following:
1. Lightly blow off loose particles with “canned” air (used for cleaning computer equipment) or
a small squeeze bellows (used for cleaning camera lenses).
2. Gently brush off any remaining particles with a soft camel hair brush or a soft lens tissue
(available from camera supply stores).
3. Clean remaining “dirt” using a cotton swab or soft lens tissue dampened in distilled water.
Do not scratch the surface.
For finger prints or other grease, use any of the following:
• Denatured alcohol
• Ethanol
Apply one of the above to the lens. Wipe gently with a soft, clean cloth until you see colors on the
surface, then allow to air dry. Do not wipe the surface dry, this may scratch the surface.
If silicones (used in hand creams) get on the window, gently wipe the surface with Hexane. Allow to
air dry.
Do not use any ammonia or any cleaners containing ammonia to clean the lens. This
may result in permanent damage to the lens’ surface!
48 Marathon Series FA/FR
10.4 Replacing the Fiber Optic Cable
FA fiber cable assemblies are not field ʺreplaceableʺ without blackbody recalibration!
As such, spare FA fiber cable assemblies are not available!
If the fiber optic cable ever needs to be removed or replaced, it can be removed from both the optical
head and electronics enclosure without demounting them from their brackets.
Please be aware of the following when removing or installing cables:
• Make sure cable connectors at the sensing head and electronics enclosure are clean before
removing and/or replacing the fiber optic cable.
• Replacement fiber optic cables of the same length can be recalibrated in the field by using the
supplied Fiber Replacement Calibration software. Replacement fiber optic cables of different
lengths require recalibration at the factory, or at a factory‐authorized service center. Contact
your sales representative for details.
Always clean the area around the fiber optic cable connectors before disconnecting. If any
contaminants get into the open connectors, the sensor’s accuracy will be compromised. After
removing the cable, or before installing a new cable, the ends must be protected at all times until
connected to the sensing head and electronics enclosure. Cables are shipped with protective end caps.
Always save these caps for use whenever the fiber optic cable must be disconnected. Any
contamination to the fiber optic cable ends will degrade performance. To replace the fiber optic cable,
you will need to disconnect it from both the optical head and the electronics enclosure. The following
instructions will guide you through the process.
10.4.1 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable
10.4.1.1 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable from the Optical Head
Complete the following steps to disconnect the fiber optic cable from the optical head:
1. Thoroughly clean the area around the optical head.
2. Insert a 1.3 mm (0.050”) hex wrench into the optical head’s hex screw and turn counter
clockwise until the cable is loose.
3. Draw the fiber optic cable out of the optical head.
4. Important – If you plan to reconnect the same cable, immediately cover the end with a slip‐on
end cap to prevent contamination. Do not use any adhesive tape over the cable end.
Marathon Series FA/FR 49
Figure 36: Removing the Fiber optic Cable from the Optical Head
10.4.1.2 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable from the Electronics Housing
Complete the following steps to disconnect the fiber optic cable from the electronics housing:
1. First loosen the cable connecting sleeve.
2. Loosen the cable receptacle screw to release the cable.
3. Pull cable from electronics enclosure, and immediately place a protective cap over the end of
the fiber optic cable. Do not use adhesive tape on the cable end.
Figure 37: Removing the Fiber optic Cable from the Electronics Housing
50 Marathon Series FA/FR
10.4.2 Mounting the Fiber Optic Cable
10.4.2.1 Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Optical Head
Complete the following steps to attach the fiber optic cable to the optical head:
1. The fiber optic cable ferrule has a key slot on its surface. Insert the ferrule into the rear of the
optical head. Turn the head until the key on the ferrule’s key slot engages the key pin inside
the head.
2. Make sure cable is pushed in all the way before tightening hex screw! Tighten the hex screw
with the 1.3 mm (0.050”) hex wrench until snug. Do not over tighten!
Key slot
Figure 38: Attaching the Fiber optic Cable to the Optical Head
10.4.2.2 Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Electronics Housing
Complete the following steps to attach the fiber optic cable to the electronics housing:
1. Insert the tip of the fiber optic cable into the mating receptacle on the electronics enclosure.
The cable ferrule is keyed and can go in only one way.
2. Push connecting sleeve in until it stops (approx. 15 mm / 0.6 in), see Figure 13, p. 17.
3. Tighten the screw (finger tighten only) on the mating receptacle.
4. Tighten the cable’s compression fitting.
Marathon Series FA/FR 51
Figure 39: Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Electronics Housing
10.4.3 Fiber Calibration
Each replacement fiber optic cable is calibrated at the factory before shipping. The calibration
constants are sent along with a label mounted on the cable. So you have to enter them into the
appropriate Fiber Calibration software program. This program sends the new calibration constants,
through the RS485 connection, to the sensor’s electronics.
The Fiber Calibration program comes with the other software programs you received. To run the
program and enter new cable calibration constants, complete the following:
1. The program can not be launched from the CD. Thus you have to copy the file
MARATHFC.EXE from the software CD to the hard disk of your computer, e.g. by means of
the Windows Explorer.
2. For launching the program you have to select the file and to push the <Enter> button.
3. In the following dialog you are requested to select the right COM port with the plugged unit.
For establishing the communication click on the <Done> button.
4. The main screen appears. Click on the <Fiber ID> button.
5. In the following dialog you are requested to input the calibration constants for the fiber cable.
The dialog must be closed with clicking on the <Finish> button.
6. The transmission of the new calibration constants to the unit is initialized by clicking on the
<Download Calibration Constants> button. Attention: Do not interrupt the data transmission!
7. The click on the <Exit> button completes the recalibration of the fiber cable.
52 Marathon Series FA/FR
Figure 40: Dialog for the Calibration of the Fiber Cable
Marathon Series FA/FR 53
11 Appendix
11.1 Determination of Emissivity
Emissivity is a measure of an object’s ability to absorb and emit infrared energy. It can have a value
between 0 and 1.0. For example a mirror has an emissivity of 0.1, while the so‐called “Blackbody“
reaches an emissivity value of 1.0. If a higher than actual emissivity value is set, the output will read
low, provided the target temperature is above its ambient temperature. For example, if you have set
0.95 and the actual emissivity is 0.9, the temperature reading will be lower than the true temperature.
An object’s emissivity can be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Determine the actual temperature of the material using an RTD (PT100), a thermocouple, or any
other suitable method. Next, measure the object’s temperature and adjust emissivity setting until
the correct temperature value is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured material.
2. If possible, apply flat black paint to a portion of the surface of the object. The emissivity of the
paint must be above 0.98. Next, measure the temperature of the painted area using an emissivity
setting of 0.98. Finally, measure the temperature of an adjacent area on the object and adjust the
emissivity until the same temperature is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured
material.
11.2 Typical Emissivity Values
The following table provides a brief reference guide for determining emissivity and can be used when
one of the above methods is not practical. Emissivity values shown in the table are only approximate,
since several parameters may affect the emissivity of a material. These include the following:
1. Temperature
2. Angle of measurement
3. Geometry (plane, concave, convex)
4. Thickness
5. Surface quality (polished, rough, oxidized, sandblasted)
6. Spectral range of measurement
7. Transmissivity (e.g. thin films plastics)
54 Marathon Series FA/FR
Table 12: Typical Emissivity Values (Metals)
Asbestos 0.9
Ceramic 0.4
Concrete 0.65
Carbon
unoxidized 0.8-0.95
Graphite 0.8-0.9
Table 13: Typical Emissivity Values (Non‐Metals)
Marathon Series FA/FR 55
11.3 Typical Slopes
The following slope settings are approximate and will vary depending on the metal alloy and surface
finish, as well as the application. These are supplied here as examples.
Set the slope to approximately 1.000 for measuring the following metals with oxidized surfaces:
• Stainless Steel • Cobalt • Steel
• Iron • Nickel
Set the slope to approximately 1.060 for measuring the following metals with smooth, clean,
unoxidized surfaces:
• Iron • Nickel • Tantalum
• Stainless Steel • Rhodium • Tungsten
• Cobalt • Steel
• Molybdenum • Platinum
Molten iron also has an approximate slope setting of 1.060.
How to determine slope?
The most effective way to determine and adjust the slope is to take the temperature of the material
using a probe sensor such as an RTD, thermocouple, or other suitable method. Once you determine
the actual temperature, adjust the slope setting until the sensor’s temperature reads the same as the
actual temperature reading. This is the correct slope for the measured material.
56 Marathon Series FA/FR
11.4 Signal Reduction (FR Models)
The following figures show each sensor model’s typical percentage of allowed signal reduction at all
temperatures. Refer to these graphs to estimate what percentage of target area must be visible to the
sensor at temperatures below the minimum temperature (95% attenuation).
Target Temperature
Figure 41: Typical Percentage of Allowed Signal Reduction (FR1A Models)
Maximum Allowed Signal Reduction [%]
Target Temperature
Figure 42: Typical Percentage of Allowed Signal Reduction (FR1B Models)
Maximum Allowed Signal Reduction [%]
Target Temperature
Figure 43: Typical Percentage of Allowed Signal Reduction (FR1C Models)
Marathon Series FA/FR 57
11.5 Attenuation Influence on Accuracy
The ability of the FR ratio instruments to accurately measure the temperature of targets smaller than
the field‐of‐view (FOV) is a key feature. As the target size becomes smaller than the FOV (thus
attenuating the signal) this may cause a slight inaccuracy in the reading. The following figure presents
typical measured data for an FR1C unit showing how this degradation in reading accuracy depends
upon both the amount of geometrical attenuation 1 and the target temperature. Notice that the worst
inaccuracies occur at the highest target temperatures and the highest attenuations.
The worst inaccuracy (at the highest temperature and the highest geometrical attenuation) is the value
guaranteed in our specifications. However, notice that the accuracy of the instrument is approximately
a factor of two or more better than our specification over the majority of the usable temperature and
attenuation combinations, i.e., for all geometrical attenuations less than approximately 80%! Thus, by
choosing the sensor‐to‐target distance properly so that the target fills at least 20% of the FOV
(attenuation < 80%) the sensor performance will be significantly improved.
Max
⏐UT⏐
±% Tabs
Figure 44: Maximum Error
1 Geometrical Attenuation (%) is defined as [1 ‐ (Small Target Signal / Target Signal when target fills FOV)] x 100. Thus, if the
signal from the target is only 30% of the value when the target fills the FOV, then the Geometrical Attenuation = [1 ‐ 0.3] x 100 =
70%.
58 Marathon Series FA/FR
Marathon Series FA/FR
Fluke Working -20 to 800°C 760 to 2700°C 400 to 800°C
Standards Low Temp Secondary High Temp Secondary Medium Temp Secondary
(Working) Standard (Working) Standard (Working) Standard
Fluke reserves the right to make changes to this traceability and methodes without notice.
Appendix
59