Pathfit

secondary PE curriculum will continue to enhance the

six strands in PE and develop students’ collaboration
and communication skills, creativity and critical thinking
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Physical Education skills as a basis for further studies and career
Definition of Physical Education development.
As we know, education, particularly school education,
Webster’s Dictionary aims at the holistic development of children. It provides
Physical education is an integral part of education which students with opportunities to grow and develop as
gives instructions in the development and care of the adults to be useful for the society. It is important for us
body ranging from simple calisthenic exercises to a to know that one of the most important requirements
course of study providing training in hygiene, for growing into healthy adulthood is the physical
gymnastics and the performance and management of growth which supports cognitive development.
athletics games. It is, therefore, necessary that all children get adequate
opportunity to participate in free play, informal and
formal games, sports and yoga activities. It is in this
Columbia Encyclopedia
context that health has been made a significant
Physical education and training, is an organized
component of the subject of Physical Education in the
instruction in motor activities that contribute to the
school education system of the country.
physical growth, health and body image of the
Physical education comprises holistic education for the
individual.
development of personality of the child to its fullest and
perfection in body, mind and spirit through engaging in
Central Advisory Board of Physical regular physical activities. Physical education through
Education and Recreation the medium of physical activities helps individuals to
Defines Physical education as an education through attain and maintain physical fitness.
physical activities for the development of total It contributes to physical efficiency, mental alertness
personality of the child to its fullness and perfection in and the development of qualities like perseverance,
body, mind and spirit. team spirit, leadership and obedience to rules. It
develops personal and social skills among the learners
Rationale of Physical Education and makes a positive impact on their physical, social,
emotional and mental development. It also contributes
Physical Education (PE) develops the skills,
to the total health of learners and the community.
knowledge, values and attitudes needed for establishing
Physical education thus, can be defined as a subject that
and enjoying an active and healthy lifestyle, as well as
is not only focused on physical fitness but is also
building student confidence and competence in facing
concerned with development of a number of skills,
challenges as individuals and in groups or teams,
abilities and attitudes for leading a healthy lifestyle. It
through a wide range of learning activities.
inculcates values like cooperation, respect to others,
PE is offered as a core subject at tertiary level. It
loyalty, self-confidence, winning with grace and losing
emphasizes the connection between theory and
with hope.
practical skills and is designed to develop the interest
and potential of students in the areas of PE and sports.
It will help students gain a deeper understanding of Objectives of Physical Education
theories and applications in the fields of human As discussed above, it is clear to you that the aim of
movement and health, and it will promote the well- physical education is not only physical development but
being of individuals and society. also to equip learners with knowledge, skills, capacities,
The curriculum for PE builds on the prior knowledge and values, and the enthusiasm to maintain and carry on a
skills that students will have obtained through the Basic healthy lifestyle.
Education PE Curriculum and other Key Learning Areas. It promotes physical fitness, develops motor skills and
The concepts on fitness and health will be strengthened the understanding of rules, concepts and strategies of
and new elements on sports psychology, biomechanics, playing games and sports. Students learn to either work
and sports and recreation will be added. The senior as part of a team, or as individuals in a wide variety of
competitive activities. The main objectives of physical
education are to: Charles Beck (1798 – 1863)
• Develop motor abilities like strength, speed, A friend and follower of Johann and was hired to teach
endurance, coordination, flexibility, agility and balance, Latin and Physical Education in the form of German
as they are important aspects for good performance in Gymnastics. Lastly, became the first official Physical
different games and sports. Education teacher in America
• Develop techniques and tactics involved in organized
physical activities, games and sports. Diocletian (Dio) Lewis (1823 – 1866)
• Acquire knowledge about human body as its He focused of promoting Physical Education. He opened
functioning is influenced by physical activities. the Normal Institute of Physical Education in Boston.
Invented bean bags and wooden dumbbells. Lastly, like
Scope of Physical Education to used music to enhance his exercises.
Physical education has evolved as a multi-disciplinary
subject over time and its scope is not confined to Dudley Allen Sargent (1840 - 1924)
physical fitness and knowing the rules of games and He invented over 80 machines using pulleys and
sports. It includes many topics which belong to other weights. Also, contributed to anthropometric
subjects like science, biology, genetics, psychology and measurements.
sociology.
Brief Timeline of Physical Education
Components of Physical Education Date Event
1. Games and sports as a cultural heritage 776 BC
2. Mechanical aspects in physical education The first ancient Olympiad is head. Tradition of elite
3. Biological contents male to prove their total excellence physically, mentally,
4. Health education and wellness contents and morally. Gave wreath to winner. Early events:
5. Psycho-social content boxing, footrace, archery, spear throwing, discus throw.
6. Talent identification and training contents 394 AD
Ancient Olympics halted by Theodosius
1819
HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Jahn is arrested – As a result all Turnen (gymnastics) is
banned in Germany.
Proponents of Physical Education 1826
Plato Charles Follen opens the first public gymnasium in
In 386 B.C., Physical Education began in ancient Greece. Boston
Plato is the one who invented Physical Education, 1844
hosting classes at his school titled Akademia. He Young Men’s Christian Association founded in London
understood the importance of teaching children about by George Williams
Physical Fitness, and students began learning it at age 1861
seven. Plato was a skilled wrestler, and he believed that The Normal Institute of Physical Education founded in
education and physical activity combined helped one Boston
attain perfection. 1896
First modern Olympics held in Athens
Johan Friedrich Simon (1723 – 1790) 1924
The first recorded modern Physical Education teacher Winter Olympic Games initiated in Chamonix, France
was Johan Friedrich Simon. He was a part of the
curriculum at Johnann Bernhard Basedow’s school in 1968
Dessau, Germany. The curriculum of the physical Special Olympics begins
education was primarily gymnastics but also consisted
of other sports like fencing and horseback riding.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Section 19 Article XV of the 1987 Philippine Fitness and Health
Constitution provides that the State shall promote There is a big difference between being healthy and fit.
physical education and encourage sports programs, Being fit usually is more of aesthetics, while being
league competitions, amateur sports, including training healthy is more of a choice both inside and outside the
for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, body. A person can be fit but inside, illnesses or
teamwork, and excellence for the development of a diseases are creeping in the system. However, a fit
healthy and alert citizenry. person can also be a healthy individual considering that
this person’s lifestyle promotes healthy living.
Benefits of Physical Education in School: On the contrary, a healthy person may not be physically
Physical education prepares students to be physically fit but can be as sturdy and healthy as a tree. It is all
and mentally active, fit because of choosing to do what is best for the body’s
and healthy: for life. Here are some of the many system to function properly and disease free.
benefits children receive from a Physical fitness is the body’s ability to function
quality PE program: efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities.
• Improved physical fitness Optimum efficiency is the key to physical fitness. Also,
• Skill and motor skills development Physical Fitness is defined as the ability to carry out
• Provides regular, healthful physical activity daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue
• Teaches self-discipline fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time
• Facilitates development of student responsibility for pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies.
health and fitness Lastly, Physical Fitness requires various exercises and
• Influence moral development, leadership, cooperate with the help of proper and healthy eating habit.
with others
• Stress reduction – an outlet for releasing tension and Importance of Physical Fitness
anxiety Being physically fit is important for all the age groups.
• Strengthened peer relationships To live better life to the fullest and enjoy all the
• Physical education can improve self-confidence and opportunities, one tries to be physically fit.
self-esteem 1. Improves the functioning of heart and lungs by
• Respect - PE helps you respect your body, classmates increasing the availability of oxygen to all tissues and
and teammates organs in the body system.
• Experience in setting goals 2. Improves muscle tone.
• Improved academics - The big bonus benefit! 3. Promotes the development of good posture,
proportionate figure, and thereby positive body image
Chapter 2 – Physical Fitness and Its Components and physical appearance.
Have you ever noticed during sports competition that 4. Ensures quick recovery after injury and illness.
the individual or team that tires first often loses? Your 5. Decreases the risk of cardio-vascular disease; (like
ability to cope with challenges depends greatly on your Heart attack, Asthma etc.).
level of physical fitness. Physical fitness not only 6. Reduces and controls undesirable body fat. When the
determines how well you, but also enhances your individual does exercise, takes proper diet that also
overall quality of life, improves your productivity, and fulfils nutritional requirement, it helps maintain ideal
brings about positive physical and mental changes. Your body weight.
physical fitness benefits us. If you are fit, you are more 7. Increases energy level of a person.
likely to lead an enjoyable, productive life. 8. Improves the mood by reducing depression and
anxiety.
Definition of Physical Education 9. Postpones fatigue and reduces recovery time after
Physical fitness is one of the core preconditions of vigorous activity.
health. We cannot imagine a person to be healthy 10. Helps people to meet challenges of life, makes them
without being physically fit. Physical fitness, therefore confident and delays the ageing process.
needs to be appreciated in full measure.
Components of Physical Fitness Agility is the ability to change and control the direction
Physical fitness can be classified into health-related and position of the body while maintaining a constant,
fitness and skill-related fitness. Health-related fitness is rapid motion.
characterized by moderate to vigorous physical activity. Balance
Health-related fitness is a better match for people who Balance is the ability to control or stabilize the body
are generally unwilling to exercise at high intensities. when a person is standing still or moving.
Health-related fitness activities can be integrated into Coordination
everyday activities that are often characterized as Coordination is the ability to use the senses together
lifetime activities. with body parts during movement. For example,
In contrast, skill-related fitness includes health- related dribbling a basketball.
components, but it also covers components related to Alexandra "Alex" Maniego Eala is a Filipino tennis
physical performance. Skill-related fitness is the right player. Eala is the current Australian Open girls' doubles
choice for people who can and want to perform at a title holder. She is the No. 2 ranked ITF junior, achieved
high level, but it is less acceptable to most people on October 6, 2020.
because it requires training and exercising at high Speed
intensities. Speed is the ability to move your body or parts of your
body swiftly.
Power
Health-Related of Physical Fitness
Power is the ability to move the body parts swiftly while
Components applying the maximum force of the muscles. Power is a
combination of both speed and muscular strength.
Cardio-respiratory Endurance Reaction Time
Cardio-respiratory endurance reflects the ability of the Reaction Time is the ability to reach or respond quickly
body’s circulatory and respiratory systems to supply to what you hear, see or feel.
fuel during sustained physical activity. This asks the
question “how efficiently your body delivers oxygen and Physiological Benefits of Physical Fitness
nutrients for muscular activity and transports waste
from the cells” Activities/Exercises
Muscular Endurance
The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force Physical activity or exercise can improve your health
against a submaximal load for a given length of time (or and reduce the risk of developing several diseases like
number of repetition) before fatiguing to the point of type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
failure. Physical activity and exercise can have immediate and
Muscular Strength long-term health benefits. Most importantly, regular
The greatest amount of force your muscle or muscle activity can improve your quality of life. A minimum of
group can exert in a single effort. 30 minutes a day can allow you to enjoy these benefits.
Flexibility 1. Reduce your risk of a heart attack
The ability to move your joints (elbow or knee, for 2. Manage your weight better
example) or any group of joints through their entire 3. Have a lower blood cholesterol level
normal range of motion. 4. Lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers
Body Composition 5. Have lower blood pressure
Refers to the proportion of team body mass to body fat, 6. Have stronger bones, muscles and joints and lower
it includes amount of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital risk of developing osteoporosis
parts of the body. 7. Lower your risk of falls
8. Recover better from periods of hospitalization or bed
Skill-Related Physical Fitness Components rest
9. Feel better – with more energy, a better mood, feel
more relaxed and sleep better.
Agility
A healthier state of mind
A number of studies have found that exercise helps
depression. There are many views as to how exercise
helps people with depression:
1. Exercise may block negative thoughts or distract you
from daily worries.
2. Exercising with others provides an opportunity for
increased social contact.
3. Increased fitness may lift your mood and improve
your sleep patterns.
4. Exercise may also change levels of chemicals in your
brain, such as serotonin, endorphins and stress
hormones.