Physics - 2020 Full Marks : 70 a Pass Marks : 23 General Inetructions : 1S objective type questions each of L mark. 8 8 questions, each of 2 marks. thas R questions, each of 3 marks, 3 questions, each of S marks, Group-A, 1. Answer the fatfowing questions: © Apositivety charged body ns (@) excess of electrons (b) deficit of electrons (©) excess of protons (d) deficit of protons Ans.(b) (i) Ia uniform wire of resistance 160 is eutinto four ‘equal partsand attached in parallel combination, the equivalent resistance is @ 19 tx15-15 ©) 42 Ans.(8) Gil) Kirchhotts point ruteis a direct consequence of aw ofconservation of (@) Energy (&) Linear momentum (©) Angular momentum (4) Charge Ans. (a) () Two long parallel wires each carrying current 1A in the same direction, are placed Iin apart. force of attraction between themis. ” @ 2x107Nm™ (0) 210“Nm™ © 1x10°Nm"* (@) 4x10°N: ‘Ans.(a) (9) The phase difference between current and voltage in an ac circuit containing resistance only is, (@) 180° ) 0 © @ @er Ans.(d) = (i) Electromagnetic waves cain be deflected by (@) electric field only (b) magnetic fied only (©) bothelectric and magnetic fileds (@ none of these Ans.(d) ‘ (il) I the refractive indices of water and glass are 4/3 ‘and 3/2 respectively. The refractive index of glass with respect to water is @ 12 © 98 © 8 @2 Ans. (b), (hi Ifthe focal length of objective lens of an astronomical felescope is 20 em and the length of itis 25cm, the mogaificetion of teh telescope for normal adjustment Is. : (5 © 125 Ans.(0) r r ix) Huygens! wave theory of light cannot explain, (0) Reflection of ight -(b) Refraction of light (©) Totalinternal reflection ‘~ @) Photoelectric effect Ans (d) (©). The momentum ofa photon of frequency vis. () 4 ws (b) be hy ©.bs ot ‘Ans.(4) (ai), Ifthe radius of the first Bohr's orbits , the radius ofsecond Bohr's orbit is. @ 2r 41 © 1/2 O14 Ans.(b) (aii) The nuclear radiusis of the order of @ 10?m © 10m © 10m @ 10% m Ans.(o) (iii) When ,N" nuclei are bombarded by neutrons and the resultant nuclei are ,N'*, the emitted particies willbe (@) Proton (&) Neutrino (©) Deuteron (@ Electron Ans.(b) (xiv) Irthe forbidden energy gap in a substanceis 1 eV, substanceisa (@) Conductor (© Insulator Ans.(b) (b) Semiconductor (@) SuperconductorAns.(b) (9) Inasericonductor, the etectrteal con o (@) electrons only ——_(b) holes only {@) electrons and holes both Aa) none of these Ans.() “Answer the following questions: tivity Inde 2awn16 2. What are electric field lines? Mention any two of Its uw properties. Ans. Exeetrie field tines:= Electric field lines are curved or ste the electric field such that the tangent at any point on the filed lines gives the direction of the electric field at that point. Properties of elcetrle field lines: ectrie field lites are imaginary Hine Two electric field lines cannot cross each other. 3. An infinite line chagre produces an clectric ficld of [-8x10°NC" at adistanee of 2 em, Calestate the linear charge density Ans.Given, d=0.02m E=18x10°NCT )24C 7m 4, What are the factors on which the resistance of conductor depends? Give the corresponding relation.1+1 ‘Ans. Factor on which the resistance of a conductor depends:~ @ Resistivity | (i) Temperature Gi) Length (Gv) Cross section Area, (W) Nature ofits material ‘The corresponding relation is- 1 Raph PA 5, Define diamagneticand paramagnetic materiats. 141 ‘Ans. Diamagnetic Materials:- ‘The materials which are weakly magnetised In a direction opposite to the direction of applied magnetic field are known as diamagnetic material's Pacamnpnetic Materlals ‘he materials which ove weakly maynetised in the direc of applied anngnetic field are known as Paramapnetig materials E 6 Daflne coeffictent of self Induction and coctfictent of rmutuatinduetion. 11 Coefticientofselfinduetion:- Covelficient of self induction is the magnetic flux linkeg swith a coil, when a unit current flow through it, Co-ellicientor mutal induction ‘The co-efficient of mutual induction of pair of cots isthe snggnetie fax linked with one ofthe coil when auniteunent passes through the other coil 7. Name six types of electromagnetic waves in ascending order in tests of thelr wavelength, 3 Ans.Six type of electromagnetic wave in ascending order is (i) GammaRay : (i) XRay (ii) Ultraviolet Ray, © Gv) Visible High (vy) Infrored (vi) Microwave (id) Radio wave 8 Theoutput ofan AND gateis connected to theénput of NOT gate. Draw the logic circuit of this combination of gates and writethe truth table. 1H ‘Ans, Cricuil diagram:- A | ‘Truth table: A Bly-A.Bl oof 0 1 est) 0 1 1 of 0 1 fees) eal 0 Whatdo you understand by communication system? What are its essential elements? 141 ‘Ans. Communication System :- Communication is processing and faithful transfer ofthe information or signal from one place to other using some special method. Element of Comminicaton System Source of {formation > land trausdiuce} Signal) obi o¢ medium {Transmitter (Commaniaton Come [ean] ReceiverGroxp-C Anewer the fatlow hig questions: it 10, Derive an expression for the electric potential nt a point In axlnl position duct toan electric dipole, 3 ‘Ans. Consider any point Pat adistance from the centre (O) of the electric dipole AB, Let OP make an angle Q with the dipole moment ji. Let 1, and F, be the distances of paint P from-q charge and +q change ofthe dipole respectively (figure, Using principle of superposition, potential at P due, to the dipole or, or, a [i 2 ‘| a) Step 2: awa perpendiculas ftom A which meets the ine OP at C when procduced backward. Also draw BD perpendicular onOP. ‘AP=CP=OP+0 (from AAOC, UC = eos) and 1, =BP=DP=OP-OD=1-Icos@ (.: from ABOD, OD =Icos0 ) -+leos8 abstituting the values of 1, and x, inegn. (i), we Step 3: get, yorfifa Mood vo {i lens) Tien) 4 leostl= aa 2leos = Feos 0 Since, ¢%21= p, where p is dipole moment. yaa Pes o ° Gne,(P =P cos" 6) ‘Step 4: Ifthe point of obervation P is far away from the ¢_ centzeofthe electric dipole (.e.,r>>1), Pos ane. the eqn. (i), becomes where j is unit vector directed along, Since p co OP. ve then, Y= Fee ity. State the principle of potentiometer, Compare the \ electromotive Sorce of two cell using potentiometer, 1+2 "Ans. Principle of Potentiometer:- It works on the principle that potential difference across any part of a uniform wire is irectly proportional to the lengtk of that portion, when a constant current flows through the wire. Comparison of e.m.fs of two cells using potentiometer:~ The circuit diagram of the potentiometer used to compare the e.n-fs of two cell under comparison. B= Vas ofliiometer, According to the principle of the pot © Vyehor Vy =k i) Hence eqa. (i) become Var i) If 1, be the length between A and J then Vuree ly oF Vy tiv) Knowing the value of 1, and 1,, we can find 12, Anobjectis placed at a distance of 60 cm from a concave Tens of focal length 15cm, Determine the magnitication ofthe lens. Mapnoavin, sm ora nition, m= 22 13, What do you understand ,by the term ‘interference of light"? Mention the necessary conditions for sustained Interference. 144% ‘Ans. Interference of light:- The phenomenon of redistricbution of light energy due to the super-posttion of light waves from two conerent source is known as interference of light. The necessary conditions for sustained interference is- @ The two ources of light must be coherent source. (i) The two sources of light sould be narrow sources. (i) The distance, between the two sources should be small. (iv) The amplitude of two interfering waves should eithgy bbe equal or nearly equal or nearly equal (¥) ‘The distance between the sereen and slits shouldbe a large as possible 14, What isphotocleetriceffect? Define threshold frequency nd stopping potential. tg ‘Ans, Photoelectric Effect:- The phenomenon of emission of clectrons from preferably metal surface exposed to light encrey of suitable frequency is known as photoclecris effect. ? ‘Threshold frequency (V0):- The minimum frequency of {incident light which causes photo emission with zero K.E. of photoelectrons. The corresponding wavelength of lightis called threshold wavelength, Stopping Potential (Vo):- The negative value of potential given to the anode which repels al the electrons emited by the cathode to reach the anode is called stopping potential 18, “Mention Rutherford's nuclear atomic model. What are itsdrawbacks? 2 Rutherford Atomic Model:- (Entire positive charge and almost the all mass ofthe atom is concentrated in a small central core called nucleus, (i) The nucleus is surrounded by a suitable number of| electrons so that the atom is electrically neutral ii). The electron revolve around the nucleus in various orbits. The necessary centripetal force is provided to them by the electrostatic force of attraction between the electrons. and the nucleus. © Drawbacks: (It could not explain about the stability of an atom i.c,, how both positive and negative charges could remains so close together. (_Mecouldn’t explain the results of experiments such as alpha ray scattering experiment, carried out be other scientists 16. Define semiconductor. Explain different types of semiconductor. 12 ‘Ans. Semiconductor:- ‘The solid having resistivity or conductivity in between ‘metals and insulator are termed as semiconductor, ‘Type of semiconductor (@ Elemental semiconductor Gi) Compound semiconductor 17, Define Modem. With the help of a block diagram diagram explain the fuaction of modem between two computers.142 ‘Ans. Modem:- The device which can transfer data from ont computer to another commuter ata distant place, is known ‘asmodem. Ie acts both as modulator and demodulator. The term™ ‘Modem’ is extracted from these two types of functions of the devices. Ans,Working of the modem may be expressed as follows, - Nodular be Nour enter | a Heap Canal = Demet rat Group-D Answer the following questions: 5x3-15 18. With the hetp of a dingram describe the principle, ‘construction and workingof cyclotron. 13 Ans. Energetic proton beam s Principle: A cyclotron is device to accelerate positively charged particles to a very high energy level. It works on? the principles that a positively charged particle becomes capables of being accelerated at ahigh energy Jevel when itcrosses an electric field again and again under the effect, ofa very strong magnetic field. ~ € 9 n_jsindtD,rarevo semicircular dies with small gap between them. The'dees are connected 13 a source which produces high frequency alternating electric field between the dees. The dees are placed between the poles ofan electromagnet. The magnetic field so produced is perpendicular to the plane of the dees.” Working: the positively charged particle is placed between the centre ofthe gap of dees... and the positively charged is produced b/w these dees. The particle in accelerated towards the D which is negatively charged. This polarity changes of the dees and the particle is accelerated again and attracted by the other dees. The particle covers a circular path and the velocity of the particle increases, ‘energy time the particle moves from one dees to the other. When the radius of the circular path covered by the particle becomes equal to radius of the dec, the particle is taken ‘out from the dees and hit the target. OR / area Derive an expression for the torque acting on a current carrying reetangular coil placed In a uniform magnetic. field. 5 Ans. Consider a rectarigular conducting coil. ABCD of length | andb placed in a uniform magnetic field. Let I be the ‘curcent flowing in the loop in clockwise direction. Let @ be the angle between the normal by the plane ofthe loop and the magnetic field jj. ‘We know, force acting on a conductor of the length 1 caring current I in the magnetic field is give by. * pei(Ixa) «Force acting on the arm AB on the loop j. (ixB) 0 Direction of # is perpendicular to the armAB and directed inside of the sheet of paper. Similly, fore acting onthe um CD of te eo, =1(ixB) or Ee Bll fil) i, is perpendicular to the length of arm CD and is directed ‘outside the sheet of the paper. Farce, F, acting on the arm BC and force, F, acting on the arm DA of the loop are equal, oppasite and act along the same line, hence they cancel each other. Therefore, only two force F and F, act on the coil. It forma couple and try to ratate the coil clockwise. ‘T= magnitude of either farce x lever arm RXxDN =BTIxbsindAns. =1(1b)Bsind =IABsing (Sive, b= A, area of loop) |ABsin® Invetor from, #=1(AxB) . (@) Derivenn expression for average or mean valuc of alternating current for half eycle. WHI ©) Derivean expression for root mean square value of alternating current for one full eycle. Ws (a) Derivation of expression mean value of a. for half eye: Let ana.c be represented by, ‘The charge sent by the a.c I dq=Idt=1, sin wt dt x. The charge sent by a. in the half cycle ie., t=Otot=T/2is given by Jag f jsinwtdt sin wt time dt is given by, Let, be the mean value of ac. over positive half eycle, then charge sentby it in the T/2‘is givn by, > wii) 8, eqn (i) eqn i) 2le 0.6311, * ~. (&) Derivation of an expression for RMS value of an alternating current for one full eycle: or], Let an ac. I = J, sin wt flow through a conductor of resutence R for time dt ‘Then, heat produced in the conductor is given by, dH=PRat or dH=URsin? wedt Now heat produced in the conductor, when current flows fortime period T ic, fromt=0tot=Tis given by, fatt= [iirsin? we dt or H=13R fsin? wt dt os2wi)dt 0 ER fafcorrmeet= ER (gf -sin2wtl] Ble 0) shine x Rie) ena 2 po pa sin ax 2x. [r cia dal sino] As sin0= sind: ER Hethy a0) 2 Let Irms be the raot mean square value of ac which flows through the conductor of resistance R fortimeT. H=E,RT i) Alcto definition rms, value of a.c, “equ. (i)= equ. What is a transformer? Describe the principle, construction and working method of transformer. Ans, Transformer is a device used to convert low a.c. voltege at higher current into high a.c, voltage at low current and vice-versa, Principle: A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction. An emf induced in a coil, when it changing current flows though its nearby coil. spread in ‘seaate cails of In fact, the ray AD refracted by the first suefaee 2P77 0 insulated wire wound on same iton care one of the « refracted at 13 by the surfice xP,y and it finally meets th: connected to ae. input ic called primary (p) andthe ether principle axis at L The point f, acts vimual object place! winding xe denser medium for the spherical surface x1, ¥. Mv Construction := It consists of the sep: ing. cutput is called secondary (8) coil The primary coil is connected to a source of ac. voltage it is the situation, when object is placed in the den:< (Ep). The primary coil along with a source of ae, volta ul ime is formed inthe rarer medium. sc mediun iscalled primary cht, The output ac valtage (Eis) is taken ee across the secnnudary evil and the load is connected to £5 ew this winding. The secondary coil along with load isealled Adding equ. (i) and (ii). we x secondary ckt. Workine:-A eto for aday’s low emt induction, the induced emfiin the primary coil is ) =n 1 Ih 0) and induced emf in the secondary coil is where # ‘ oR x What do you understand by the term ‘interference’? Where, 3557 § tansformater ratio or tune ratio Deseribe Young's double tit experimentand discuss the . : formation of fringes. THB EN *-. “Ans. Interference of light:- ‘The phenomenon of redistribution Then, Eye : of light energy due to superposition of light waves from two coherent source is known as interference of light, Young's Double shit experiment:- As per Huygens’s Hee | fonsiepuptransformies | mas principle slit $ send wave front inall direction, Inthis fig., 20. Derive thelens maker's formula forathin ens: ; : dotted ares represent the troughs and solids one represent a af Pinagal } the creates of the waves. Slits $I and $2 become the source k> 1 for stepdown transformer t RR of secondary wavelets which are In phase and of same ‘Ans. Consider a lens made of a material of absolute refractive frequency when they reach point O on the sereen because index n2. This lens is placed in a medium of absolute path $10 and $20 are equal. In this ease, erease of one refractive index n2, The lens is bounded by two spherical wave falls on the crest of the other wave and through of refracting surface xP,y and xP.y. C, and C, be their centre ‘one waves falls on the fraught of the other. The of curvature and R, and R, be their radii of curvature constructive interference is represented by dote (,) in the 1 fig., This effect become maximum at point O, so it known respectively. C is the optical centre of the lens. Let O be a point object lying in the rarer medium on the principal axis ofthe refracting surface xP,y. The incident ray OAaiter refraction at A bend towards the normal AC, and meets the principal axis at image of the object O. Since, object lies in the rarer medium, so we have as central maxima, i) agoPhysics - 2019 General Instruction © Group-A has 15 objective type ques # Groop-B has 8 questions, each of 2 * Group © Group-D Group-A(UTS-31) Answer the following questions:- Profits weit & sat Bf: @ Two point charges of +3HC and +4HC repel each other with aforce of 10N, Ifeach is given an additional charge of ~64C, then the new force is. Ix1518 @) 2N (b) 4N © 5N @ 75N Ans. (0) (i) Twocopper wires of length land 21 have radiirand 2r respectively, The ratio of their specific resistances is, @ 1:2 @® 2:1 ©ul @ 13 Ans. (@) to nequal pars (ii) A uniform wire of resistance Ris cu ‘These parts are then connected in parallel with each other. The equivalent resistance of combination is. y R oF (®) AR R a 4 Og Ans. (9) 2 (®) A proton enters a uniform magnetic field of ST with velocity 4x10" ms ‘magnetic force acting on the proton is(chargeon. proton =1.6x10"C) @ 32x10PN £0) 22x10 N 7 © 23x10PN f° @) 30x10 NN’ Ans. (0) ) The phasedifference between current und voltage in an A.C, cireuit containing inductance only is. © 9 © > () 180° (d) Ans. (8) 8 questions, exch of J marks, OE-W_% 8 UVF S questions, each of § marks. UVE-@ H 3 WAT H, Wats wT HS 3k at right angles (o the field. The Were HM 3 ofr 6) IVY, and Vy, arethe speeds of gammarays, X-ray, ‘and anierowaves respectively in vacuum, then @ Yy=%=Mar OD YOM Ve © Ve>%e (ii) In an astronomical telescope focal lengths of the twe letises are 0,3'm and 0.05 m, In normal adjustment the distance between them is. (@). 025m. ©) 0175m (© 035m @ 015m Ans, (8) (sy Which of the following phenomena shows hat light isa rancverse wave? (@) Diffraction of light (© Polarisation light ans. (©) (8) Ina photoelectric experiment, it both the intensity and frequency of incident light are doubled, then saturation photoctectric current. (@) remains constant (b) is halved (©) becomes four times (d) is doubled Ans. (9) (si) Which spectral series of hydrogen spectrum lies inthe visible region of electromagnetic spectrum? (b) Refraction oflight (@) Interference of light (@) Balmer () Lyman © Paschen (@) Brackett Ans, (a)(210) IF the radius of the first orbit of hydrogen mtom is SAX 10 Mims then the radius ofthe second orbits, (a) 2A () 212A (©) 3.22 (I) AHA Ans. 0) Gali) Which one of the following has maximum penetrating penser? () erays WW) perays, (©) yrays (8) cathode rays ‘Ans. (e) (cis) When indium is doped to silicon as impurity, the resulting material is (@) p-type semiconductor (©) n-type semiconductor (© prype conductor (@) n-type conductor Ans. (a) (8) Photodiode functions in (@) Fonward biased condition () Reverse biased condition eS (©) Both forward and reversed biased conditions ¢ (@ None of these Aas. @) oy Group-B(a0s-2) Answer the following questions : 2816" Profefisa wp & sa difere: ‘ 2. State the principle of conservation and principle of quantization of electric charge. wa? ‘Ans. Conservation of electric charge - = According to the low of conservation of electric charge, the net electric charge in an isolated system remain constant. > ast E > Quantization of electric charge- Existence of charges in discrete rather as‘continuous ‘amount is known an quantization of electric charge. (Quantization is the property of electric charge by virtue of which any charged body can have charge is an integral multiple of elementary charge ‘e’. wi ie,qune 3. Anclectrie dipole with dipole moment 4 10"°C=m is inclined at 30° with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 5x10'NC™. Calculate the magnitude of torque acting on the dipole. 2 Ans, Given, Ans. Ans. Ans. Ans. pave’ a= 30" Ee s710'NC Torque., t= Pisin = 4x10" 75x10" xsin30” 2610" =10"'Nm Define internal resistance ofa cel State two factorson which it depends. a rian Internal cosistance felis defined as the opposition offered by the electrolyte and electrode ofa cel to the flow of curent through i. Factors on whieh it depends- @ Size ofthe electrodes of the cel (Quantity ofthe electrolyte in cell. What are paramagnetic substances? How does Its WH Poramagnetic Substance := The materials are weakly ‘agnetised inthe direction of applied magnetic field are mown as paramagnetic substance. lus magnetic susceptibility i inversely proportional to temperature ity vary with temperature? magnetic useept : 1 ies tar T ‘What are eddy currents ? Mention two of its applications. “i Eddy Current :- The inducing circulating currents produced in a conductor itself due to change in magnetic flux linked with the conductor is called eddy current, Its application - In Induction furnace (In speedometer Give two uses each of uftraviolet rays and microwaves. Uses of UV rays := (© _Ured to preserve food stuff and make drinking water free trom bacteria’s. (i) Used for sterilizing the surgical instrument Uses of Microwaves © Used in radar system (Used in weather radar,Give the symbot nnd ¢rath table of OF gate and ANT rate. uw Ans. Symbol of OR — | iS ‘Truth Table of OR Gate- Caples | ofal|o o[t 1 Tha 7 a=q/A) ieee 1 Symbol of AND gate- A f. . B. >——e 11. Explain with circuit diagram the parallel combinationet ‘ identical cells. Obtain the condition for maximum Truth table of AND gate ‘current in the external resistance connected with he combination. aH A ASB ‘Ans, Considerm identical cells such as Cy, Cyy-Cyy eachof o [6 0 Fl ‘emf"E? and internal resistance and connected in parale, 7 1 0 ts to an external resistance R. 1 0 0 " 9. What doyou mean by space wave propagation and sky wave propagation? iH ‘Ans. Space wave propagation :- High frequency waves called space wave can be transmitted from transmitting antenna tw receiving atenna and the made for travelling of these wave through space is known as space wave propagation Sky wave propagation:- The radio wave which are reflected back to the earth by ionosphere are known as Since, cells are connected in parallel so the total emf ofall sky wave propagation. cells = emfofa single cell Group-C (@°e-4) Answer the following questions: 38-24 Feff=E 10. Derive anexpression for the capacitance of parale? Equivalent internal resistance of m cell connected ina plate capacitor. 3 ' ‘Ans. Let d be the distance between the two parallel plate of parallel is given by —= the capacitor, Plate R is given positive charge +q and welt plate $ is given equal negative charge -q. Let to be the Furface charge density of plate R and ~o be the surface charge density of plate S. Electrie field in the plate is oon Now, reffand R are in serics, «Total resistance of the circuitSref+R=24R m The current lowing through the circuit is given by t=-—E___ me r+mR tar nm 12. A4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal lengih 15 em. Give the location of the image and determine the magnification. 3 ‘Ans. Given, h= 45cm 12cm f=-15em v=-60em agnification, m=—b=—!2_! : magnification, m=—2==2.1 Bao” Vyas 24.81x10" =7.21x10"* ~V, Vp =7.21-2/48x10" Vo =4.73x 10" Hz 13, What is polarization of light? State and explain Brewster'siaw, 7 > i+tet ‘Ans. Polarisation of light- The phénomenon of restricting the vibration of light vectors ina particular direction in the plane perpendicuiars to the direction of propagation of lightis called polarisation of light. Brewster's Law :- According to this law, the refractive index ofthe refracting medium is numerically equal tothe tangent of the polarising angle. ie, n=tanip 14, Lightof frequeney 7,21 x10! Hz is incident ona metal surface. Electrons with a maximum speed of 6,9 10° m™ sare ejected from the surface, What is the threshold frequency for photoemission of electrons? 3 (1, 9.110" hy and b= 6.6% 10 Jn) Ans. Given, V= 7.211011, V= 6x10 ms” Me= 9x 1x10" ky hh= 6.61073 V? = h(V=V,) brodr io x(6xighf 9.1%36x107! x10!° ” 2%6,6x10"* > 10? = v-Ve 9.136 2bs30y 266 Vo = peau? =v=¥ ‘Azener diode can be used for voltage regulation give to 2 source of constant vallage power supply. > R souceot dy constant fuctating DC ZX nf oupurvoluge input volge ‘The circuit used forthe purpose is shown in the igure. The ener diode is connected in reverse bia othe fuctuaing input voltage source though a resistance R of suitable Value depending, on the zener voltage and power rating ofthe diode used. The constant output voltage is take across a lead resistance RL. connected in parallel with the diode. 15. What are isotopes, lsobars and isotones? Given one example foreach, TH+ ‘Ans. Isotopes - The one of two or more species of atoms ofan ‘element withthe same atomic number but different atomic masses eg, H!,H?, HW? Isobors -Isobars are atoms of different element having same atomic masses but different atomic number. 6a, °K & Ca Isotones - The two aloms of different element having same number of neutrons but different numbers of16 Ans. 7 Ans, Answer the following questions: 18. Ans. electron and proton, eg. SO, andy What is Zener diode? Paplain itn regulator, Zener Divnle A property doped pon junction which works in the breakdown exon without damapiny, i itself is called zener dinte- What are the essential elements af communication system? Faplain briefly with block diagram, 192 ‘The essential elements of a communication system ate following. (Transmitter - The part of the communication system which sends out the information is called transmitter. G)_ Communication Channel = The medium ufthis link which transfers message signal from the transmitter to the receives of a communication systein is eallSd, ‘communication system, “ Gd) Receives :- The part of the communication system ‘which picks up the information sent out by'the transmiter is called receives. = Group-D(@us-z) = Derive an expression for the magnetic field at point on the axis of a current carrying circutnr coil, Also find themagenticfieldatthecentreofthecoil. , 4+0 3 Oy i Vv asin 3 Suppose current lis flowing inthe circular loop of radius awe have to find out the magnetic field at point P due to circular loop. dls the small current element at distance r from P. an in Ane Hy Lal a sno 00 ant am jy Lal an Mall ane lat Piscivided into two component dD sin Oalong the avis and dB co, 0 pormully to the axis, The value XY and X'Y" are equal but upposite dB cos O are cancel ench other, Hence, the miayneti field at P due to circular loop is the sum of dB sin Be Malsind Lal sind ino fa any Hg I8ind ant 2na In ACOP, sinds OR ataar ing on acurrent carrying conductor in uniform magnetic field. Usingit find the force between tat two paralleleurrent carryingconductors, 3395 iz Ans. ‘Considera straight conductor PQ of length I placed dong y-axisand en uniform magnetic field {3 along z-axis ic. to the length of conductor. Ifeurrent I flows through the conductor PQ sucthat 7} slong fit conductor current flaws to deiting ofelectron If 19 no offree &'s per unit vo ‘A> cross-sectional area of the conductor Vg drift vetocity Current flowing through the conductoris = 1cAVy Multiplying both side by 1 Maneavy 0) Oo I=-meAlVy si) (.. Hand Ve are opposite direction) ‘The magnetic farce onan electron of charge. Ans. e(VexB) Gi TEN is total numbers of free e- in the conductor then force on the cient carving conductor placed inside the magnetic ld is But N=nAl From equation (i) iv) and (»), we get ~ Fenal[-e(¥,xi)] or F=(-neal¥)xi IixB (From (ii) c. FSBI and sind j Force biw two parallel currentcarrying conductor, > Consider two infintely long, conductor x,y, and xy, placed parallel to each other ata distance and pars. = Let andl isthe current flowing trough the conductor inthe same direction as shown, Magnetic field at P on y,y, due to current I, flowing through xy, is. B, alr 2 : ‘As conductor x,y, lies in the magnetic field B, the force experienced pet unit length of the conductor due to B, is, dixn = [dl B sind Hy 2h For finite length I of the conductor it gives Ho 2b 4n or State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Find the mutual inductance between two long co-axial solenoids. I+4 Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic Induction- (Whenever magnetic flux linked with cireuit change induce emf is produce. i) The induce emf last as long as the change in the magnetic flux continue. (ii) The magnitude of induce emfis directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linked withthe circuit ic, coe He a? it Mutual Inductance of two long co-axial solenoids- Consider two solenoids S, and S, such that the solen S, completely surround the solenoid S,. Let length of each solenoid be land area of cross-section of each solenoid is A. N, and N, are the total no, of turns of solenoid S, and S, respectively. Let current |, flow through solenoid S,. Then magnetic field inside the solenoid S, is given by Nil T Magnetic flux inked with each tum of solenoid, is given HoN LA r ‘Then total fax linked with N, tums of solenoid S, is by, BA=Ans, «iy HoN NA Mutual inductance, M= OR/ staat Define reactance and impedance in A.C. circuits, Derive expression for instantaneous current in a series L-C-R circuit ifconnected toanaltcrnatingemf, —1+1+3 Reactance :- The effective opposition offered by the component of the A-C circuit to the flow of current inthe circuit. Impendence :- It is the effective opposition offered by combination of resistors, inductors and capacitars to the flow of current. Expression for instantaneous current in a series L-C-R circuit beni RII ‘V=Vo sin w1 Let, Ibe the ms value of current flowing through all the circuit elements. ‘The potentical difference across inductor, Y=IX, li) ‘The potential difference across C. Vo=IXe lil) ‘The potential difference across R Vp =IR Ans. Angle of mi Since, V, and 1 are in phase, so V, is repesented by O, in the direction of The current lags behind the V, by angles of w/2 so, V, is represented by OB to the direction of I. The current lead the V_ by angle of n/2, so V, is represented by of | t0 the direction of ‘Let, V_> Ve ‘Then, the resultant of V, and (V,-V,) is given by OH : laa on = foA? +00? = JVj +(V,_Ve or V=JVZ+(V,-Ve)? Using (i), (i) and ( V= PR? +(IX,-IXe)° YR? +(Xy, Xe)? Vv or TE 06 xy ‘What isangle of minimum deviation? For refraction of, light through a prism, establish the relation o( « ) i where terms have usual meanings 2 1 m deviation - It is the angle in which the angle of deviation is minimum. Itis denoted by S, : (32°) sin( 45m 0) Relation BIS]eAns. BW Petan © We know fora prism S+Anite Ai) and +t Ail) Its and =m =1 Then from (i) m+ A dm+A 5 Ai) From (i),2r= A) sine ay ‘This equation is known as prism formula, OR /3ta Define wavefront and secondary wavclets. Establish the laws of reflection of light on the basis of Huygens’ principle. 14143, Wavefront :-It is defined as the locus of al the particles ofa medium vibrating in the same phase ata given instant. Secondary wavelets:- Every point on a wavefont is a source of new disturbase which produce secondary wavelets To verify the law of reflection- According to sneil's law, "= from (i)and MM is. plane mirror on which a wave front is allowed to fal, AiBis the wavefroat incident at an angle of incidence. Let there bre three wavelets P,Q and dk of the wavefront AB. Now, according to Huygens’s principle the time taken by the ‘wavelet PA to reach from A and N and the time taken by the ‘wavelets RD 10 reach B 10 K are equal Let the time ¢ and vetocity of light ¥. Tey Suppose, be the ime taken by the wavelet QC to reach L from Cando from Le then cu LD Nesta co) Toright ACL CL=Asini insight ALDK D Lo 2. LD=(AK~AL)sine Inrigh AANH . Ksine AN sine == AN= AKsinr From (ii) ALsini Vv ALY AN = AX(oini-sinr) +S AX (sini-sinr) +t ‘AdctoIluygens principle, t, = t and this in possible only whenGeneral Instructions # Group-A has 15 objective type que ¢ Group-B has 8 questions, each of 2m, $ Group-C has 8 questions, each of 3 marks, VET ¥ § wet 2 _Sroup-D has 3 questions, each of § marks. TWUE-Z ¥ 3 WH Physics - 2018 cach of | mark, Est H 15 wears wer #, wes 1 ate a FL ks, WUE 8 eT fae urect deme fae a gare f Beta ATT § war AT 2 sia"! a Group. \ QU. Answer the following questions : Profan weit & rar dita: (The electrostatic potential energy of two point charges, THC each, place tm apart in vacuum is © 9x10%s © oxi0'y © 9x10°5 ® 9x10%ev Ans. (©) 9x10°J (i) 1 kilowattshour (kWh) is equat to @) 3-6x1085 ©) 3-6x10"5 © 6-3x10°5 @ 6-3x10"5 @) 3-6x10°F For a conductor the rsaton between etren deny ( conductivity (@) and electric rtd intensity (E) @ © (@) None of these Ans. (b) (iv) Magnetic susceptibility of platinum is 0.0001. Its relative permeability is. (a) 1.0004 (b) 0.9999 (© 1.0001 @ 0 Ans. (c) 1.0001 < , (%) The dimensional formula inductance is, 2 ©) MUTtAt ©) MUTA? © MUTA? @ ML Tat Ans. (3) MUT?A’ (vi) Ina series LCR circuit L=8 iI, C= 0.5 HF and R= 1009. ‘The resonant frequency of the circuit is 1000 500 56, @ Sole wz 250 1 @ Sle @ SH 250 ns.) Hz Ans. (0) The magnitudes of electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic wave are relaetd as @) B,=CE, © E,B,=C ‘Ans. (b) E,=CB, (oly When light wave travels from air to glass (2) its wavetength decreases (0) ts wavelength increases (0) its wavelength remains unchanged (@) its frequency decreases Ans. (@)_ its wavelength deereases (Momentum of a photon of frequency v is () E,=CB, _ (@) None of these hy | @ > () hve h he Ove @ ~~ le Ans. () () "The photoclectric cut-off voltage in a certain experiment is 15 V. The maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons is © 15x15 VO 24x11 Ams. (6) 2-4 (ai) In 4R™ nucleus, there are (#) 138 protons and 88 neutrons (©) 138 neutrons and 88 protons (©) 226 protons and 88 electrons (® 226 neutrons and 138 electrons Ans. (b) 138 neutrons and 88 protons (xii) In n-type semiconductor, the majority charge carriers are (2) photons () electrons (© holes (© protons ‘Ans, (b) electrons (lil) Which of the following gates is a universal logic gate? © 15x10 @ 16x10" () NOT (©) OR © AND (@) NAND ‘Ans. (4) NAND (i) Which of the following devices converts message signals {into equivatent electrical signals? (a) Converter (b) Transformer (©) Transducer (@) Inverter ‘Ans. (6) Transducero) Ans. Optical fibre has a bandwidth of (a) 100 HH (hy 100 kite (©) 100 Mitr (100 Gtr (@) 100 Gz Group Answer the following questions : 2 Ans. Ans. 5‘ ‘Ans. Ans. 2 face. Mention ils two properties, Any surface on which the electic potential i same every where iscalled equipotential suttaee Propenies 1. Work cone to move a tes charpe alone eynptentiat surface is300, 2. The etectric intensity yin always tothe equipotential surface, A battery of e.mf, 10 V and internal resistance 302 is connected to a resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5, what is the resistance of the resistor? ATQ. E=10V rq SA R=? v He know 1=—— Rer Define magnetic declination and dip at a place. . Magnetic declination (8) + The angle between geoeraphic meridian end magnetcmeriianat place nclled ap. dslition Dip (0): Dip or inclination ora place inthe angle which the Gieecion of otal intensity ofthe earth's mop, fld makes with the horizontal , Mention two applications each of X-rays and infra-red radiations. (i) Nis wed inthe treatment of cancer (raation therapy and inmedical diagnosis. (i) _Ieisused for detecting fas nfs metalic produces (this used in night vision device by military forces, Gi) Nis used for frousmifting coronuniction signals in TV remote contol fber-optcal communication. Define critical angle, What are the condi internal refletion? rite angie = Angle oF incidence denser mom for which angle of reaction in rarer medion in 907, Are called ec angle {Incident ry. Most passthrough denser to rarer medi {iy Theangleq incident mst be greater the criti angle, What are de-Droglie waves 2 Calculate de-Broglie th ofa proton of momentum 8 for total waveleny 2.55%10 kyms ' (I= 6-6% 104s) AIO. he 66710 "Is po 2.557 10 sy, ms" i qa photon Ans bh 6as10" h a cA A. Define mays defect and nuclear binding energy. ‘Ans. Mavs defects It is defined i the difference biw the mass of ‘ow sttuent nucleons fa nucleus in the fice state and the mass of themucteus Ihisdenoted by Am m,z+m,(A [Nuclear Binding Finergy the total energy required to disintegrate the nucleus ino its constituent particles in called nuclear binding energy EB, [{m,2+m,(A-Z)}- Jet 9, What is LED? Mention two of its app ‘Ans. Lightemitting diode (LED) A special heavily doped p-n junction diode which emits spontancous radiation when forward based is known as LED. Application:- () Theyare used in indicator lamps. (i) They are used in digital displays in watches and calculators, » Group -C we -F Answer the following questions: Preafertara wett & sat Sif: 10, Describe with circuit diagram an experiment to compare the eam. of two cells withthe help of a potentiometer ‘Ani, Companion of em.fand of to cells using potentiometer= The cinit diagram of the potentiometer used to compare the emf's of vo eels s shown in fp Let E, and E, be the ems of two cells under comparison. Checking of connection: (i) Close the switch S,and press the jockey at * direction of deNection ofthe palvanometer. (i) Now press the jokey at "DY and again not the direction of deflection ofthe gulvanometer. the deflection isto the other side of checking () then connection ate correct Procedure pI. close the switch S, so that the cell having emt E, in brought in the circuit By moving jockey J to different points on Note theML. Ans. WIE, We find a paint on the wine AN stich that the shows no defeetion. Atthis stage the potential difference between Aand 3(.e.,¥ 4) is equal to the eam £.(F, at the cell, Nocurrent Movs inthe galvanometer because E, and V,, actin the apposite directioni.c. Brvy wo According to the principle of the potentiometer, the potential Mierence across A and J isditeetly proportional to the length of the wire hetweenA and J, Ifthe length of the wire between A and The Ly then Var oC 4 Hence, eqv.(1) becoems, E, = kl, aii) ‘Step 2. ‘Open the switch S, and close the switch cll ofe.m.f E, is brought in the circuit, Again find the point on the Wire AB by moving jockey to different point on wire so that the galvanometer gives no deflection. At this stage, the potential difference between A and J's equal tothe emf (E,) ofthe cell or Vy =I E,=Vy Ci) IC, be the length between A and J? VyOC I; or Vy=kl; . Hence, eq. (ii) becomes, E, Dividing by (iv we get, eh E; E, Kong the ale fant we sa dF Disre iprnian far shnantdadlonen oh Bre solenoid carrying current Ricklorsegerbenticringisimanefemereersanl ke Soe oe een ee ee through the solenoid <— me ¥ 1 ‘The magnetic filed inside this solenoid is uniform and givenby B= pial ‘Total number of tums in the solenoid N=nl Now the magnetic flux linked with each turns of the solenoid BxA=pplA ‘Total magnetic ux liked withthe whole solenoid, O=H Axa or O=p,n°IAL r) Also, 6=LI ii) From(ijand(ii), we get L1=pign7 TAL (ill) 2, Ans. © system of two Since, m= =~ zee] Hence, eqs. (il) becomes L-= Hy i cored solenoid (L.) depends up “Thus, selfinductance ofan {the total number of tens (N) of the solenoid and (ithe er, (I) of the solenoid and (ii) the area of cross-section (A) of solenoid ‘AGO [UF capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hlz2.c. supply, Determine the root-mean-square value of the current in the circuit. Given, : C= 60 F =60x10°C V=110V, v= 60Hz Angular frequency, ony Capacitive reactance, 1 1 mc 2mvC 1 ———— 2x3=14x 60x60 10% Root-mean-square value of cortentis givens: wv Xe =110%2x 3.14 60x 60x 10% =2.49A ence, he root-mean-squate value of curentis249A. Find an expression for the equivalent focal length for a in tenses in contact. ‘Thin lenses in contact:- Two thin lenses of focal length f, and f, ae placed in contact co-aerilly Let'O' be the point object placed on the principle ans q the lenses. a '<— V, —» 1f21ens where not present, then the I lens formsan image of the object ‘O° a dist. V, from it. 1 Mer “ Since 2 lens i iteontact wih the [*, 50, acts for the 2 lens which formsthe image lat a dist ‘V" Ai) 1 ota ay Re ‘Adding (i) and (i) we get 1 ort 4a E iyFoF Thus, the two thin lenses in contact behaves as a single lens of focal length “f°. This single lens isknown as equivalent lens and its focal length “F* is called equivalent focal length, 14. The far point ofa myopic person is 70 em in front of the eye. Caleulate the focal length and power of the lens needed by. hhim to see the distant objects clearly. Ans. ATQ, 15. Mention the postulates of Bohr's model of atom. What are the limitations of Bohr's model? ‘Ans, Postulates of bobr’s atom model (i) Rutherford’s model of an atom in acceptable to the extent thatan atom hasa small (+) rely core called nucleus where whale mass and (+) ve charge of the atom are supposed to bé concentrated ‘Anc* revolve around the mucleus witha definite fed ensaxy in eireular path of fixed radius know as stationary state without Baining or losing the energy. The stationary state of ¢ is haown as energy level. Bohir's quantization condition for angular ms that e-s ean revolve only’ in those energy level angular momentum isan integral nentum st nh ic, L= m0 2n 7 iv) An e° emits encegy: in the fonn ofa photon oF radiation, when ifjumps from hi gy level to lower enery level (i) Msuccesstully explain the spectra of simple atom eg. Ifean explain W111, tke atom, But this model could not explain the spectia q commpley atoms having move the one € (ii) Boke’satomie model docs not giveany indication regarding the arrangement and distribution of e* it an ato (ii) This model could not acest fs the wave nature of e's (iv) If does not give any idea abut the relative intensity of| spectral lines in the spectrum. 16, Draw the labelled circuit diagram of a common emitter transistor amplifice. What is meant by phase reversal? ‘Ans, Circuit diggram of common emitterconfiguration in sshich its voltage and the output voltag called phase reversal. 17. What is modulation? Why is modulation needed? ‘Ans, Modulation : The process of mounting or superimposing a very frequency signal is known as in a common emiter amplifier fs Effective power radiated by an antenna 1g up of signals from different transmitters. 7 Group-D Answer the following questions: 18, Define electric dipole moment, Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on equatorial (broad-side-on) position of an electric dipole. Ans. Lectric dipole moment:- It 1s detined as the product oF either change of eleetric dipole and the distance bw them, nisdenoted by *p"and is vector quantity B 2 “The whole system is enclosed in a non-metallic (say wooden) case toan aid disturbance due to air Theory’: : Let 1 = Intensity of Magnetic field, 1 =Current flowing through the coil L_ =Length of coil, B= Breath of the coil. (Ixb) = A= Arca ofthe coll Ans. ¥ ‘When current flow through the coil isgivenby t= NIABSiNO, Where, @ isthe angle made by the normal tothe Plane of the coil ‘with the direetion of the magnetic field, IF this angle is 90° then sin = sin90°= 1. It is possible when eylindrical poles of permanent magnet are used ishich produce radial magnetic field shown in figure 43 ‘Then 1= NIAB, ‘This torque is known asthe deflecting torque, As the coil gets deflected, the spring is trusted and a rest leveloped int. IFK isthe restoring torque per unit torist HPeriences torque, which then the restoring toque forthe deflection ¢ is given by here O= deflection of the coil isdircetly propartional othe current flowing, throughit. Hence weean usea linear scalein the galvanometerto 2 fi= 200m Loose = oe S=l00H: RMS, value of ACQ.2. When a white ray of light passes through © dispersed. Why? Why does violet colour de red colour devintes least while dispersed by a pri ism, it is ‘Thereshold frequency (¥) + The minimum frequency of thy ee radiation incident on a metal surface below which there is ng fotoclctrc emission is called threshold frequency ‘Ans, Inadispersive medium wavelength (colours) travel with diferent ote til The soning penal ste reading pa spoed (M =€/1), So the refractive index ofthe matrit of the seep st stp the most energetic photo electrons emiteg prism s dif. fr dif colours. When alight ray strikes a prism all firma the photo-sensitive met the colours have the same angle ofneidence #. But the angle of Ir Ve is the stopping pot. applied between the emitter & the Tintecting eleetrod to prevent the photoclecteon leaving the sink, photosensitive metal. Then, ill be diferent for dif. colours, a8 j= refrac Ups ol = tml: a A A Q.15. What is radioactivity? Derive the relation N= Nge™, where terms have their usual meanings. ‘Ans. The spontancous emission of highly penetuating radiation (a- panicle [particle and y-rsys) from heavy elements, of atomic freight ereater than 206 is called “natural radioactivity” Wis « Selfdisintegrating and irreversible process. It is unaffected by pressure, temperature, large electricand magnetic fel. Derivatin of N'=N.e™ : The rate of disintegration per second (ea the number of atoms disintegrating per second) is directly proportional to the total numbr of radioactive atoms present at Letrefractve indices of the material of the prism for violet & red Ww 8 Vv H€ WJrespectively. But p,> y, 50 the angle of deviation defor violet ight wil be greater than the angle of forred. Because d= (1-104. So violet colour deviates most but red colour deviates least that time. Q.13.Foeal length of a convex lens in air is 20 cm. Find its focal Let atime £0, the numberof radioactive atom present be No a and atime the number beN. length when immersed in water. Given Hy =» He = 37 a Let dN atoms disintegeate in a time dt. Then, G-=-¥ | Ans, Lensinait, focal length = f,=20em. a ay, : ya=!, us=3 or =TAN, where 2, is the decay constant or disintegration \ constant, Negative sign shows that as time increases, N decreases. a Tt. ntegrating. op, N=—At te : When #= < So, toe. log, M =~ + log, Q.16, Describe with circuit diagram the working of a p-M junctio diode as a full wave rect Ans. 2 Dy 24202 800m Oia agin (0.t4. With reference to photoelectric effect define the terms work a function, threshold frequency and stopping potential. 7 ‘ns. Klorte function (W,) : It is the minimum energy which is just J a suflicient to liberate electrons from the surface ofthe metal with During the postive half ofthe input ac the terminal A of ‘ze10 velocity, When the energy'i supplied in the form of ig secondary winding ofthe transformer is postive and hance Dy taled poncleeie work ston, forward baised, The endBis negative and hance D, isreversb Is unit is electron voltners toge oe i oo Thu cent fous trough he nD, and ough the dreionDEFRDAD, Duinelhenaiineaan tenn isroetisedandsenocomet fone D hoerenieiedock D,GFR,DED, Thustecunen Nowing hedge ae dieiah fon Fo Din he bn aifeceetne eee de. opal chained am Bt pelaiog Te tea ae smoothened using filter circuit, 7 ‘OU, Wail are erences of exnetoemtes syecc Taplin riety with ok dpm Ass [information | Message [> ter | Pansies Source _|~ Signal nsmiler | Signal Transmitter ] Receer [E Message Channel} signa” |_ReceWer | Sora” User destination ‘The main parts of a communication system are, () Thesource of information or message signal, Gi) The transmitter (ii) Thechannel and iv) The receiver. The physical medium which connects the transmitted and the receiver is caled the channel, It may be open space or coaxial cable cof optical Fibres. The transmitter gets the signal from the source and converts into a suitable form so that it can propaget through the channel aver very long distances. The receiver may be located ta distant place, receives the modulated signal and converts back the original information or message signal Group-D Answer the following questions: Q.18. What is Biot-Savart Law? Derive an expression for magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current carrying circular col. ‘Ans. Biot-Savart's Law : Biot-Savar’s law is used to determine the strength ofthe magnetic field at any point duc toa current carying, ‘conductor. Consider a very small element AB of length dl of a conductor ccamying current I. The strength of magnetic (eld UB due to this cou tte nt erfibmghedivmentigfoundtot a depend upon quantities as under : () ddedl (ii) dBel Gi) atvesind, where 0 istheansle between dj and iy aot, Combining to), we get a= HME Ai) where, 1, iscalled absolute permeability of free space ie. vacumm. value f #, in Stunit =4nx10"7m" or Wom" 07 Tima ence eq" (i) can be writen as b Idsind nF ‘Magnetic field at a point on the axis of current carrying cireular coiVloop : Suppose current I is flowing in the eireular loop of radius. we have to find out the magnetic field at P due to this circular loop. dis the small current element, at distance r from, P H, Ldlsind sin90"= I] 4 at P is divided into two components. sind along the ass and dB.eos@ normally to the exis, The value of xy and yy! ‘are equal but opposite. Therefore diieos@ and sind cancel ‘each other, Hence, the magnetic field at P due to the crculaeloop isthe sum of Uasind.dlicost bait dnsin® ot, B= EdBsind B= [absino puting the value of 8, by Lal yg. Halsind = fie! ging = Helsing Sis ‘er but, fats creumerenc ofthe lop =a sing=5 bal 2a? On aa ee 7 Or Describe with principle, the construction and working of, eqcotron. } Cyclotron : Principle : Itworks on the following principle: when a positively charged panicle is made to move time and again ina high frequency ‘electric field and using strong magnetic fel, it gots accelerated and quires sufficiently large amount of energy: ~ Construction : It consists of two' hollow D-shaped metallic ‘chambers D, and D, called dees. These ders are separated by a small gap where a source of po ively charged particles is placed. I Source of Posttiely Charged Particle D, Af rset ; Pes Dees are connected to high frequency oscillator, which provides high frequency electric field across the gap, of the dees. The particles inside the dees are shielded from electric field but the ‘magnetic field acts on them and makes them move in circular paths inthe dee. Reversal ofthe polarity of electric oscillation ensures mn ‘lerated by the elecitie Feld Radin, that the particles alway ifthe erent path dncteaes with incre in acceleration, pap, ‘ithe panicle becomes asptal isaenngeroent place ete, twopatesofastonetecromaynet, The maynetic field due tay, ‘leetromagnet is perpeniculae to the plane af dees, Working : I apositively changed particle ier Mhendee , isnegatively charged and D, ispoitivel charge, Mifrncccerate towards P,.As-soan ast enterd 1, i shieldrg Tramthe electric fich by the metallic chamber. Inside Dittmer aright angle tothe magnetic fied and hence describes a sem Giele itenters the gap bctiveen the dces have been reversed. Marg the proton is frticr accelerated towards D,. Then i enters b, nd again describes the semi-circle due tothe magnetic field wick is perpendicular to the motion of the proton. This process conditions till the proton reaches the periphery (i.e extemal boundary) af the dee system, At this stage the proton (or a heayy charged particle) is deflected by the deflecting plate, which them tomes out through the window (W) and hits the target. Q.19, Define drift velocity and derive an expression for it. Deduce (Ohnn's law using the concept of drift velocity. ‘Ans., Drift velocity (V,) Its defined as the average vel. with which freee" ina conductor get get drifted ina direction opposite totke direction ofthe applied electric field. ‘Aconducto isn clectic field Z, The force experienced by fe ited from vouer, etis Fa-eF ve sign shows that the ditection of F & Z are opposite tocath E (au) The small internal of time between two successive collosion ‘between e & on inthe conductor is called relaxation time or mean free time (2) c.drift velocity is given by ic. ful=% Deviation of Ohm's nw using diferent velocity 9 = Let v, bethedrif velocity of e“* through asection of conductor of length' I" & cross-sectional arca'A’,'V' is the pd, across thtAns. section ofcombuctor,& 4! elect Held The elect eurent i the eo Te ney, luctor is where, m= he. of €* Junie yolume inthe candetor Tut, magnitude of drift velocity ronstant = R Or State Kirchhoff’ laws for electric circuit. With the help of these laws obtain the condition for balance of n Wheatstone bridge. There are Wo types of Kirchofs law : (i) Junetion law or current law : It state that the sum of all currents entering any pont or junction must be equal tothe sum of all currents having that point, ie B=0 ‘ ne At ) Loop law or voltage law : It state that the algebriesum ofall voltage i. the p.. aross all elements & e.m. fo all soureesin any closed electrical cht s ero. ie, rE+1Av Condition for balance point of W:B. = W.). isan arrangement of four resisor in the term of abridge. I is used for nieasuring are tunknown resistor in team of then three known resistors, Proof: When key Kis closed, the current following in the different ams of WB. ae marked according to Kitchof's first lw asin fg, Applying: lrehho's loop law tothe closed loop AIDA, we get, TP LG hod of) Uy for clase Toop HCD, we get, (,-1) UALS G00 When WI 10) through galvanometer ca? (i becomes HP hR=0 > ele 4? PF D rR Cit) og if becomes -1Q4 180 = IS=1e. 4.0 8 ) = ies mw ‘from eqn. ii) & (iv) we eet, = “Ans. A compound micfoscape consist of two suitable lenses to give large magnification by compounding the magnification given the lenses. + LetAB bean object which ies between J, & 2f, oflens.L,, The rea, inverted & magnified image AB's formed on the othe side of this tens Ly The postion by the lens E oF L, is advited in such a ‘way that image A"B*of A" in formed on the same side at least distance of distinet vision. A'B" i viral, inverted & highly magnified Let © MB @ IMB. Ans. (4) 2B. (i) The ratio of root-mean-square value and peak value of alternating current is 1 Oe o® 2 @} @ Wi 1 Ans. @) JE (vi). Speed of electromagnetic wave in free space is @) Wes o 1 © Ine fj O Re fas rrgties wa Ke woes 1 at er br 4, veins mrt 2 atm Bh oan at wr 3 ate Ht Am (0 Tne (vlil) When n ray of fight pasces . which of the following does not change? (a) Velocity (b) Frequency (@) Refractive index (d)_ Wavelength. from one medium to another, Ans. (b) Frequency ; (ix) Dimensions of PLanck constant (h) is () MT" ) Mer". © mer? ® sur’. Ans. (Mer? (4) Which ofthe following isnot a fundamental particle? (a) Neutron (0) Proton (© aparticle (@) Elestron. Ans. (6) a-partiele (Gi). In-an atom, electrons can revolve only in those orbits In which Its angular momentum is integral maltiple of b : 3g () anh a OF (d)_ none of these. h Ans @ 3 (aii) As temperature increases, the resistance of a semiconductor (a) increases (b) decreases (©) remains constant (@) depends upon the semiconductor. ‘Ans. (b) decreases (Galil) The Boolean expression for OR gate is (a) AtB=¥ (b) A. @ Ans B=¥ (iv) Radio waves are reflected from (@) Tonosphere (©) Stratosphere (0 Troposphere (@)_ Both (b)and (0). Ans. (a) Tonosphere (G9) Coaxial cable has a band width of (a) 75012 (b) 750 Kitz (© 50M (@ 750Giz ‘Ans. (2) 750MIlz Group-B ‘Answer the following question : Q2. What are electric field lines? Mention two of its properti ‘Ans. Electric field lines : Electric field lines are curved or straight imaginary lines inthe electric field such thatthe tangent at anyQ. Ans, Os. Ans. The potential di, between] I . Critical Angl Pint onthe field {that point Properties of electric fel. tines : Theeletr field line begin from postive charge and terminate rend on negative charge. Electric field lines are imaginary lines. The tangent at any point onan electric fel at that point. ‘Two electric field lines cannot ross eachother, The numberoflines pr unit cross-sectional rea perpéndicular to the field lines is proportional to the magnitude of the intensity of electric field in that egion. Electostatc eld lines do not form closed loop Ina charge free region, electri field lines can be taken to be continuous curves without any break. 8. Electric eld ines contract lengthwise to represent atraction between two unlike charges. 9. Electric field line exert lateral pressure on each other to represent repulsion between like charges. Electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface of a positively or negatively charged sphere. 11, Electric field lines are not allowed to passthrough a conductor because the interior fa condectar is fee fom the influence of theelectic field. 12 Electr fed lnes ar allowed to pas through anon-conductor ordielectic. }. Define emf of a cel. Mention two differences between emf and terminal potential difference. . Emf ofa cell: Is define asthe potential diference between {erminals when no eu lines gives the direction of the electric field at 10. itl. The potential ditcrence between it termnal in closed circuit (i.e, when curscutis drawer from the etl) The wordemf isreened] —Uhe word potential for the poremial difference | used forthe mea ofan electric source. ade Wetvevi 208 two points ditions for total Define critical angle. Mention the co internal reflection of light then the light ray to rarer medium then the sagte of inci refraction becomes 90" sea Condition for total (The ray of ight mast ave i Angle of incidence in val ang What are microwaves? Mention two of its applications. Microwaves: To wavelength range of aicrowavesis fore 0. m to Imm. The frequency tange of mistowares is IW" Het0 10 He They are produced hy ‘commonly used of oscillators to prod Magnetron and Gum diodes Application : Microwaves arc used nares ere Klys 4. Microwaves are used for communication bY €ls0F Phone, 5. _ Microwaves are used in weather radae. Q6. Define coefficient of self induction and coef induction. = ficient of self induction : Co-fficiet fo self induction i through it. 5 Covftlent of mutual induction: Te co-eficent ef ai) induction ofa pair feiss the magnetic fox linked wit on the coils when a unit current passes through the other coll What is Rutherford’s nuclear model of ators? Rutherford Atomic Model: (i) Entre positive charge and almost the ole mass of the atom, is concentrated in asmall central core called nucleus. (Gi). The nucleus is surrounded by a suitable numberof electrons so thatthe atom is electrically neutral i) The elecicon revolve around the nucleus in various orbits. “The necessary centripetal force is provided to them by the electrostatic force oF attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. Define mass defect and nuclear binding energy. Mase defet : Difference between the sum ofthe mass of proton ‘and neutzon ard that othe necleus is called mass defect. aye t of mutual Ans. qr. Ans. Qs. Ans. opt min)—My where. mp= mass of proton. mes = mass of matron My Nuclear binding energy rnuclcus inte its constit The total energy required to rat particles is called tas of agence 0 lus or nuclear binding energy. snl 0.9. Why isthe base region ofa transistor thin and lightly doped? Explain. Ans, Ihe majority cater forms the umitter region move towanl the lestorreum throash the have Hthebase region ofa transistor thisharJhhcasily doped, thea mostof the majority caztiers = with the charge carrer in the base while passing ¢ Hose, only nat no. of majority cartier will reach the put or collector current will be re, have region ofa transistor is so that minimum no. of majority se get neutcolized and large output is Group-¢ Answer the following questions : Q.10. Explain the principle of a potentiometer. Draw the circuit diagram for the comparison of emf of two primary eells using 1 potentiometer. Principle of Potentiometer : It work on the principle that 25} part of a uniform wire is directly portion, when aconstant current Aas. flows throxz! vexDeve a8 eapresion for the mage dee moment . orbital electron of an atom, cane “et Mrgnetc Orbital Dipole Moment ofa revolving eeton (atoms map ciple Ina sum enero eee snd teases in ceases. The move ft eeron crested hemscs nancortateteepea Se flow oeien in hein ches decom Teste cftt decors oni ney caret op imekeonreolesinantckwe tamara in ‘2.theangular momentum vector Z(=7m,3) acsalongthe normal tothe plane of orbit in upward direction and it magnitude is given by as ea we nur or where; mis the mass of electron, wis the velocity and i the radius of orbit ; (rita motion ofetxton in snicloekwise discon Is qusalent tothe fow of conventional eument in clockwise direction T b, wre ¢fsthe change onan clesron nd isthe prio of tit motion, But, 7 orbit magnetic moment of a curent loop. er O cap = 1x Az fhxae? Beas oe, a SEL (orbital motion wing Hp Corl meton Invector notation, H Fromeg i Met 2 16x10 gx 10%C Ke” 17m, 2e9.1x10 QULA circular coi of wire consisting of 100 turns, each of radius £0 em, carries a current of 040A. What is the magnitude of magnetic field at the centre ofthe coll? ‘Ans. Given, N=100 R=80em=08m T=0404 22 mea WG yin x =34v10'r O13. What Iv polarisation of light? haw. Polarleation of ight: During the propagation of ight waves. the particles of medium, vibrate about their mean postion in all ‘itcton inthe plane prependicular tothe direction of propapation ‘flight waves. When the vibration ofthe particles take place, only in one direction, itknown a polarisation Ticewste’s law : According to Brewster’ law the refractive index ofthe refractive medium (j1) ismumerically equal tothe tangent ofthe angle of polarisation Op. ino? tate nnd explain Brewster Ans. where Op = Brewester angle Q.14.1n Young's experiment, the slits are 0.03 em apart and sereen is 15 m away from the surface of the slits. The distance ‘between the central fringe and the fourth bright fringe is 1 < em, Find the wavelength of light used. Ans. Here, d=003em =3x10%m a5 y =05x104 . =5x10%m Or, wee lengih,2.= 50004, *QUS.What is photoclectrie effect? Establish Einstein's equation for photoelectric effect. ‘Ans, Photoelectric Effect : The phenomenos of photoelectric effect was first revealed by Hlemrich Hertz in 1887. He observed that ‘when light of suitable frequency falls on ametal surface electrons are produced, This is known as photoelectric emission. It is spantencous process. Einstein photoeleetricega. : Einstein described the phenomonon of photoelectric effect onthe basis of the law of conservation of energy. According to Einstean, the energy of photon falling on a surface is used inthe following ways. (@)inejeeting out the electrons. (i) giving kinetic energy othe emited electrons E=hv=WiKE be the threshold frequency forthe surface of a metal, then rinimum energy requited for emitting electrons for emitting electrons from the surface ofthe metal o the work function, W=hyor, 9, (i) represent the Einstein's photoelectric eq’. If v (frequency ‘ofincident ight) istessthan v, (threshold frequency) K.E.=—Ve. wh ich isnot possible, therefore in such situation thermoelectric emission does not take place. Q.6. Whatisa Zener diode? Explain its action asa voltage regulator. ‘Ans. Zener Diode : Zener diode is specially designed junction diode ‘which can operate in the region of reverse breakdown voltage without being damaged. It is used in providing constant voltage supply. ‘Azener diode when working in the breakdown region can serve as voltage regulator. 1 k 4 Fy Inthe figure, Vin= Input dc. vollage whose variations ar to be regulate. The zenor diode is reverse connected across Vin, When Pd. across the dade is grater than V,, i enduets and draws relatively lage eurrent through the sriesrasistance R. The load resistance R, across which a constant voltage vou is eyed isconnected in parallel withthe diode. The total eure in purl with the diode. The total current I passing through R equals the sum of diode current and load current. Q.17. What is modulation? Why is modulation needed? ‘Ans. Modulation : The process of superimposition audio frequency signal ovechigh frequoney cartier wavesis called modslation, Need of modulation : (i) Decrease the height (o size) of Trnsmiting Antenna (ii) EMective power radiated by an antenna Mising up of signals from diffe (ix) To superimpose th low fegusney into high frequency: Group) Answer the following questions: potential, Derive an expression for electric point duc an electric dipole. ia : Electric potential ata point is defined as the 1g 2-unit positive charge from Ans, Electric Pote amount of work down in bit infinity to that point Expression for electric potential at any point due to an electric dipole Consider any point P at a distance r from the centre (0) of the lectrid dipole AB. Let OP makes an angle @ with the vector 1, be the distance of point P from dipole vector moment J and =g charge and +9 charge respe Potential at P due to~g charge, Leg. 1g ej aeee Potential at P due to +9 charge ig yee ote Potential at P due to the dipate, F041; (principle of superposition) “i Draw aperpendiciilar from A which meets the Tine OP at C when backward. Also draw gp. on OF. = OP + OC r+ Leos (+ from MAOC, OC = les) = leo (= from MBOD, OD = [e0s8) Substituting the values of 7 andl Fin eg. (i), We get “(4 il AiTent 7 Tent) ) ret) Tee ___ Peosd dre, (r =F cos’ 8) bP=0P-0D= ord) 5 dtyole moment, P=q2l) 10 We r>>1, then eg". (10) becomes 1 Pest pe Pend fe, ay Since, PeosO=P.r, where ris unit vector directed along OP. br wae for vost 12) Special case 10> If pint is on the aval ine ofthe dipole ie, =F he eq’. (11) becomes 1” = in war eae ealAns. point? tieson the equatorial line ofthe pole i.e. 0=90° F 20 [ ensogr= 0] Potential due toa, ; : afte date OH ize ata points on the eqitorilne Or, State Gauss's mot derive reas hgorem in electrostatics, Use this theorem t thie spreerciions for electric etd du to uniformly charged Shee hereal shell ata point (outside and, (i) inside the Gruss theorem : The otal electric flux passing through aclosed face A surfaces equalto. 1 times te charge enclosed within Expression for the electri field intensi ‘ lectric field intensity at a point due to & unomly chard spherical shall (hollow sphere): ‘9 the amount of charge which is uniformly distributed over a hollow spherical conductor, Ree radius ofthe holo spherical conductor, (Outside the shett LetP=apointata distance r from which lies outside .e.,> Ry here electric field intensity isto be determined Let us draw a Gaussian surface th wi cent ears face through P with as centre such Ez the electric field intensity at P the outward normal This clear that angle between F & & is 0" at every point on the Gaussian surface, Total electric on the Gaussian surface Total electric ux across GS.- $= Edicos0 = f Edsos0"= EG as a) By Gauss's theorem, ~ 1 sg her “This is the requited expression for electric field intensity when ¢> & 1 (Gi) Inside the shell : LetP=apoint at atadistance ofr from O such thatr yy multiplying and dividing R.HLS. by C, velocity of fightin vacum, weet wl) wheren, andn, ar the refractive indies of medium 1 and medium 2 respectively. Eqn. () ean be written as [risint= which is ene law of refraction.General Instructions 4 Group-A bas 18 objective ype questions each of 1 my ¢ Group-t hav 8 questions, exch of 2 marke. THUR-% marks, 3E-T Qu. 0 Ans. Gi) Ans. Gi) Ans. ww Ans. ” Ans. (i Ans. (wil) Ans. Ans. co) Physics - 2015 mete Answer the following quest Which of the following has unit yolt-m'? («) Electric ux (b) Flectric potential (©) Electric field (a) Electric capacity. (©) Electric field Electric field (c) and electric potential (5°) are related 25 o @ oe Ifthe distance between two plates ofa parallel plate cap: is doubled, its capacity : (a) increases 2 times (@) increases 4 times (be) decreases ? times Ifthe temperature of a conductor increases, its conductivity (2) increases (b) decreases. (©) increases linearly (4) decreases linearly. (). decreases Ifthe length of a potentiometer wire is increased, the balance point will be obtained at (a) smaller length (©) same length (© samelength If the number of turns ina moving coil galvanometer is increased, its sensitivity (a) increases (©) remains same (2) increases ‘The phase difference between current and voltage in an A.C. circuit containing capacitance only is (b) decreases 2 times (a) decreases 4 times, (0) large length (@) nowhere on wire. (0) decreases (a) may Increase or decrease. «@) (b) 90° (©) 180" was (b) 9 ‘Which of the following has smallest wavelength? (a) Yellow rays (by) Xerays (©) arays (a) yerays (@) yrays In a white light spectrum produced by dispersion through & prism, the ray that is deviated least is (a) yellow () blue Ora () red. at as arate rf, write 1 atm mr A weit mt rt 2 at Bt eta ar wry 3 ote tt ete TM 5 3th tL ans) (Dip ant or (ay toes of lene (0) power oles Ane pomeroftes i) plane avert part at ancl event () eplincal wavelrot (€)_ both (a) and (b) (a) none of these. Aus (9) botnband(®) (ui) eV iseqatet to (by focal length of a lens (a) magnifying power. (0) 16x10" Vm" (0) 16x10" volt © 16x10"F (@) 16x10 AFH, ‘Ans. (6) 1,6x10""J (al) 1 a.m.u, (u) is equivalent to (0) 1.66x10% gm ~ (0) 1.66107" Ag (© 1.66x10%mg (4) 1.66107" Mev’. Ane. (6) 166x10Ag (xiv) The Boolean algebra for a NAND gate is @) AtBeY oR © AB=Y @) AB=Y ans) ZB=¥ () Ina semiconductor, electrical conductivity is due to (a) electrons only (b)_holes only (©) electrons and holes only (@)_ none of these. ‘Ans. (@)_ electrons and holes only Group-B Answer the following questions: je lux? Give its ‘Ang. Electric lux linked with any surface is defined as the total number of electri field lines that pass through that surface. Ws SL unit is NPC" oF mC Q.3. Give two differences between potentiometer and voltmeter, ‘Ans. Potentiometer Volimeter 1, Measure emfof cell very | 1. Measure emf of cell accurately. approximately 2. Doesnot draw any current from known emf cource while Does not draw any current from known emf sourcewhile ensuing ; rewtent 3. Sensitivity ic high asedt on nul alee tion metho SSensiisity fae 4 Hseiton defection sncthad 4 Whitemens While mening emt resistance of potentin meter eon infinite Qa are Isoclinie and Hogonte lines? Ans, Jsoctnic linet: A tine on a map connecting pointy thecanmapeti field Anal oc new Jsopanie ine: Lines teaced on the sunfaceof the globe hat, conneting places at which the deviation a the man nec fom the meridian rte noth isthe same eE The core of a transformer i laminated, Why? Itstaminated because of preventin in the care, The eddy currents are nase and loss of energy inthe core, What is remote sensing? Mention two of its applieation Remote Seng: iscsincdeobanng ean ae an objet observing its roma distance & wauteenin contact with it~ eae Application: weedy current being proiced ‘ot good and ean eanse heat, 1. in Geology 2.in Agriculture 3. in forest ete Q.7. What is Rydberg’s constant? Mention its unit. Rydberg's Constant: Rydberg showed that ll the sries of lines inthe hydrogen spectum could be described by the following relation, ‘ Ans. Here the value 109677em' is called Rydberg’ Constant for hydrogen, . Ws S.L unit is em, ‘ LED? Mention two ofits applications. : LED: Light Emiting Diode is substitutes for conventional incandescent amp. Itis used to get monochromatic beam of light of required colour, It works under forward tias. When en electron falls from higher energy level to lower one, a photon is emitted. For this purpose heat or light energy isused.. > Application: 1. Low operational voltage andes power required, 2. No warm-up time required What iy signal? What are the different types of signal? Signal: Information converted into electrical form & suitable for transmission iscalled signal. ‘There are two types of signal- (@) Analog Signal (b) Digital Signal Qs. nd Ans. Qs. Ans. Group-€ Answer the following questions: ; Q.10, Find a formula for torque acting on an electric dipole kept in ‘a uniform clectric field, Hence define electric dipole moment. ‘uniform electric field: ole of charges +y & -9 separated by a distance field making an angle 0. Forceon A= gE along 4 Hone on Ae gh apgenite Jee the wv tian of tae copa Be eerie Faun whieh nthe dipale be, Wha plven re the lngqur te Dither face 7 1 eitanee between ty fees ahr negli Dain pedpole moment gem m qab.sind pe sintd Ths torque ters to align the dip ae dtecton of cc ill. Cane wien a+ inp trie Dipule: moment: Ht Is fine ns the pont oS ifr hacer of cleric dipole & the Aistan.¢ betwee then peqrdacmS) Q.14, What Is drift velocity? Establish Ohm's law for conductors gldea of drift velocity. . ‘Afis, Deift velocity: The average velocity acquired by the free €* of a ‘onductorin he oppsite direction of the externally applied electric field called dri velocity (Ohms law for conductor using ideal of drift vel Let v, bei drt velocity of electrons though a section of the conductor of length and cross-sectional areaAV isthe potential difference across the section of the conductor, and Eis electric fi ‘The electric current in the conductor is given by, / = neAud where ‘vis number of electrons per unit volume in the conductor. ‘V’ But magnitude of drif velocity, (4 Ai) or sonstant = R(resistance of the conductor) This is ohm's law, a, (4,}4 neat \nee)A Q.12.When a white ray of light passes through a prism, It is dispersed. Why? Why Is red colour deviated least In prism but violet colour is deviated most? ‘The deviation produces by the prism tothe incident ay of igh is given by Ans. n-DA ‘Which depends on the refractive index ofthe material of the prism. 8 ‘According to cauchy/s relation, = A+5. ‘Clearl,n depends upon the wavelength ofthe incident light, Since white light consists of different colours ic., different wavelengths, SO, is different for different colours. INence, allwnt devin Colours conaituting white ight enffer shilerent an hile passing throwph the prism Thi causes the dispersion of Shite lit through the prism Red colour deviate lene in a prism but violet colour is deviated ‘mow because the wavelength of different colour is different. Red ‘colour has mayimum wavelength and violet colour has minimum wavelength ic, Ars Av, Thetefore, mforred colour is less than {at forthe wile eto Q.13. What do you mean by coherence? How are coherent sources Produced in laboratory? ‘Ans. Coherent: Two source of lishtare said tobe coherent if they emit wavesof same frequency and are either in phaser havea constant initial phase difference (Coherent source produced in ahroratry- 1. By division of wavefront nthiseas,a wavefomtisusided {nto two parts, These two pars ofthe same wavefFont are made ofsuperimpose at asmllanle afer tavesig diferent cntieal paths to produce interference pattem. Thus, the two [eis of the same wavefront are the coherent source 2. By division of amplitude: In thiseas. the amplitude of the incoming wavefront in divided into to oF more pants by Partial reflection and refraction. These to parts act as coherent beam and are made to superimpose to produce interference of ight Find the energy of yellow photon in eV: (Wavelength (A) for. yellow light = 60004) ‘Ans. Energy of yellow photon in eV é 2.= 60004 or 600mm = 6626x107 Is xl0'm/s V=16x10er, / lh a = (6626%10"*J5)3 10" s)/(600%10"m) Qu 9x107J ee, =6.256x10eV. ‘ 7 QUIS. What is radioactivity? Mention two properties each of a- rays & Perays. ‘ ‘Ans. Radioactivity: Many unstable nuclei can decay spontaneously to a nucleus of lower mass but with different combination of rnucleous. This process of spontancous emission of radiation is called radioactivity pf Properties of a-particles- ()cepantcles are equivalent to helium nucleus, Gi). They contain 2 unit positive charge. (ii) They have mass equal to four times the mass of hydrogen atom (Gv) They produce heating affect. (¥)_aepanicles cause bums on human body. Properties of P-particles- (particles are fast moving electron of nuclear origin. (ii). Charge and mass of P-particl are equal to that ofan electron. thas ionising power less than of a-paticles. iv) They affect the photographie plate. (8) They are deflected by electric and magnetic field. Q.16. Draw the circuit diagrams for p-n junction diode a5 (a) half-wave rectifier, (@) full-wave rectifier, Amt. (a) Half wave rectifier Meine } [ Hf wave eer (b) Full wave rectifier Rectifier ouput volage current wavefoat eo I conse Fall wave recier Q.17. What are the different types of modulation? ‘Ans, There are thre types or modulation- 1. Amplitude Modulation: When the amplitude we of the carier waves i varied in accordance with the amplitude of| the modulating waves, the modulation i ealled amplitude modulation. 2. Frequency Modulation: When the angular frequency acis varied in accordance withthe frequency ofthe modulating ‘wave, the modulation called frequency modulation ‘3. Phase Modulation: When the phase Ois varied in acordance withthe phase of the modulating wave, the modulation i, called phase modulation. _ Group-D ‘Answer the followiig questions: (QU8. What isan equivalent lens? Find the equivalent focal length for s system of two thin lenses in contact. ‘Ans, Equivalent lens: Two lenses in contact behaving as a single etsare known a, Fquivaten fy av alent fen a> oidth of hit vale ihn ase Nine cont Ty dedstaetetven nme een ston tii eiuctomtheehan ag te vey erates tet tho arte vi aecercam em poo es situa dpeting nthe ph ler btwcen Mheveatmy wets rsching pit) gn fm he toes ptf the mae Sine inpre ictal nw. Find the magnet eld a pole les curent areying tral Hence id magne Rela pot ise mg eno nw, Ameren This aw safe tate ic itera of Pare eldgrsdanycl-elyathinfeerpceineral pet cure pring oh wavelets alot permeability (3) te Since second any surfooe enclosed by the el vnatoreaia aco ens isin contact with he fst, Sol actsasan object ‘The magnetic field at a point inside a current carrying torr forthe second lens which fons he image lata distance v rom ‘An endless solenoid in the form of a rng is called a tori. tied Derivation of j “SL Let, r= the mean radius of the toroid. ‘adding (i) and (ii), we get I-theamount of eurrent through the toroid. he umber of turns pe runit length remagnitude of magnetic field inside the toroid In order t apply A.C. law let usselectthe closed path inside the or wo {ums asacirte of radius {doued path, The maguitude of i the same everywhose on this closed path, The angle between 5 1 Sher, Eto & Gs 0 everywhere on this pth. RE a ny Ps Line integral of over this closed path sven by $B =$ Batcos = aft = Bx2er > NetoAC. law istinguish between diffraction and interference, Discuss oe ; the diffraction of light due to single thi sit tf prmoneeeeaaeguees on ‘Ans. Diffraction: When tight waves pass overan obstacle they bend = Bx2ar=,(nx2erII [from partially at the edges of the obstacle. Thus sperading of light Combined focal length (f): = fil +L) where Fis the focal length ofthe combination. Or * ‘waves that passthrough a obstacles called diffiation Bay Interference: Non-uniform distribution of resultant intensity in This is the required expression for magnetic field inside a toro the form of alternate bright and dak fringes when two waves of Result: The magnitude of the mag. field inside the toroid is same frequency having a constant phase difference superimpose independent of the radius ofthe toroid, on each other is known as interference. > If be the length of ong solenoid then {fraction of light due to single slit-\y, iad Diverging light from monochromatic sources is made parallel ater § coe refraction through convex lens L,, The refraction light from L, is Now according to the Ampere's 53 propagated in the form of plant waswfront WW" (Fig 3). The ciccitl aw plane wavefront WW" is incident on the slit AB of width ‘¢. ‘According to Iuggen's principle, each point of slit AB acts as a a ; Source of secondary disturbance of wavelets. 4 B.dl= 1, xcurrent enclosed within the loop ABCD / . Bate n,xna Ai) from (i) and (il) ill ea or Beal. Let, S=the source of monochromatic light L, & L,= two lines. 'WW,= plane wavefront or Deseribe with principle, the construction and working of a‘Ans, ‘Ans. Whe S\datron Selatan Pein p A state Petitioner Motivate haps at ‘ Ae ta Reta psctively chagpe my Neve Mh pan le became Nh evetys leva when ste bon the principle tis opal of being x celetated fee them The docs are connected to a source of high ch peeaces nn alternatiny dee The dng electric field between the lr tothe pane of RoBi Pers lenever there is a relative mati ion between acoil andinagnét, force begins to act which opposes the relative natn een 5 the relative motion, Therefore Mutual Inductance of Two Long Co-Axial Solid. Consider two solenoide §, and'S, such that completely surounded the olenoid’S. Let length of each solenoid be J and the are of each solenoid is A. N, Solenoid S, and S, respectively, ‘ yf Number of tums per unit lengt of solenoid, is given by, aM é 1 Number of tums per unit length of solenoid S, is given by, m { : Letcurrentt, flow trough solenoid S, Then magnetic field inside the solenoid’, is given by, B= ber y, eh Magnetic flux linked with each tums of solenoid , is given by, the solenoid $; ma non ‘ ' ti tarws afte le eta mgpetc fy tink i 4 1 phe iy 6 San possi “ ' ii) se te muna mductnce of i, wither soils foo (1) aml i, we pot ih 4 sini, y= MA re, the ml edocs of coil , with respect to the col §, sleanly Aly = Af = Af n The general equation is treated as the general result. If the two € Slenll ne Noved en's aagnte substance of 3 rlatve Permeability 4, then the mutual inductance is given by a= aed Oe Or - What do you mean by reactance and impedance in A.C, © clreuits? Prove that the average power dissipated in an A.C. Cieuit containing inductance only is ero, What it a choke ‘i “Ans, Reatance: Te reactance ofan circuitisthe resistance offered bbyan inductor ora capacitor connected inthe circuit. “W Impedance: The impedance of an AC circuit is the effective ‘esistance offered by L-R circuit or L-C-R circuit ‘The averoge power applied to a pure inductance in A.C. circuit, ‘over a complete cycle is zero. Suppose that AC is represented as, T=hsinox “ the value of charge given to AC in the dt, dg= Lat 0%, dy=(I,sinex) dt {trom (i) The average tale of AC overa compete ye, Josinarae A =Ghll-z0 Hence, the avera cycle is zero, Chock coil: Chock coil is a device current just asa resistance docs in a Winding thick insulated copper wire o 8 value of alternating current over a complete an AC circuit to oppose DC circuit. It is made by N acore of sof iron,