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Father of Red Cross:
Jean Henri Dunant (1859 - 1910) 1859 - Battle of Solferino

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

• International Committee of the Red Cross
• National Societies
• International Federation of the Red Cross and
Red Crescent Societies

International Humanitarian Law

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is a set of rules which place restrictions on the use of weapons and
methods of warfare. IHL aims to protect human dignity and to limit suffering during times of war.

Emblems
PROPER USE OF EMBLEM Red Cross Red Crescent Red Crystal
Protection for Red Cross workers, AFP medical personnel/units, transport and hospitals in times of
armed conflict
Identification for the member, objects and vehicles connected to the Red Cross

PHILIPPINE RED CROSS HISTORY

1899, February
Approval of the Constitution of the National Association of the Red Cross
- Mrs. Hilario del Rosarlo de Agulnaldo, President of The Association
1947, March 22
President Roxas signed the Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC) Charter, Republic Act 95.
15 April 1947
The PNRC had its inaugural ceremony.
2009
The consolidation of the Senate Bill 3285 and House Bill 6509 is now known as Republic Act No. 10072
or the Philippine Red Cross Act of 2009 and is authored by Sen. Richard J. Gordon and Sen. Juan Miguel
Zubiri.

This act recognizes the Philippine Red Cross as an independent, autonomous, nongovernmental
organization auxillary to the authorities of the Republic of the Philippines in the humanitarian field. The
Philippine Red Cross currently has 100 chapters and sub-chapters throughout the country.

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 OUR VISION:
The Philippine Red Cross will be the foremost humanitarian organization in the Philippines,
in services provided and number of people served.

OUR MISSION:
The Philippine Red Cross brings timely, effective and compassionate humanitarian assistance for the
most vulnerable without consideration of nationality, race, creed, gender, social status or political belief.

RED CROSS PRINCIPLES

IMPARTIALITY

HUMANITY NEUTRALITY

"We care for the victims, and

for the aggressor, alike."

VOLUNTARY SERVICE
"We serve people but "We take initiatives,
not systems." but never sides."

INDEPENDENCE UNITY

"We work around the clock,

but never for personal gain.”

UNIVERSALITY
"We bow to need, but not "We have many talents,
to any person." but a single idea."

"We respect nations, but our

work knows no bounds."

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 National Blood Community Health
Services and Nursing Services

Disaster Management
Social Services
Services

Safety Services Red Cross Youth

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 Red Cross 143 was formulated to strengthen disaster management capacity at the
community level. It aims to assist communities to prepare, plan, predict and perform
in the event of a disaster.

The end goal of the Red Cross 143 is to have a corps of trained volnteers in the
cities, municipalities and barangays of the country that would look into their respective
communities and will be for a mobilization during non-disaster time and rapid response
in emergencies and disasters including health and welfare aspects.

The brangay should have approximately 44 Red Cross volunteers composed of one
team leader and 43 members that will be trained in disaster preparedness and response
in health and welfare and be advocates and supporters of community-based voluntary
blood donations.

The 143 volunteers will serve as the “eyes, ears, hands and feet” of the community.

To be a volunteer, just contact the NHQ at 02-5270862 or the local chapter nearest
you. You can also inquire thru our website at www.redcross.org.ph or send us an email
at [email protected]

To report an emergency situation, please call the Operation Center at (02)527-0000

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What is First Aid
FIRST AID is the immediate assistance given to an ill or injured person until
professional medical help arrives.

PRINCIPLES of first aid management

1. STAY CALM. Do not take risks for yourself, the injured person or any witnesses.
2. MANAGE the situation to give safe access to the person.
3. Manage the person. (physically and emotionally)
4. Do things step by step.

4 STEPS for first aid

1. ASSESS safety at the scene and the condition of the person
2. PLAN first aid interventions based on assessment
3. IMPLEMENT first aid and psychological support
4. EVALUATE the effect of the first aid and monitor the person

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Basic first aid for bleeding:
HOW TO STOP BLEEDING (from wounds and injuries)

• Ask the injured person to sit or lie down

• Make sure no foreign body embedded in the wound
• Apply direct pressure over the wound; use cloth or
cotton pad or your own hand
• Maintain the pressure on dressing for few minutes
until the bleeding stops
• Cover the wound with bandage
• For head injuries use same procedure:
s place absorbing cotton pad directly on bleeding wound
s apply gentle pressure
s place triangular bandage tightly around head
• Seek immediate medical assistance

Basic first aid for fractures:

HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WITH FRACTURES:

• Advice the casualty to keep still

• Prevent further movement of the fractured limb
• Immobilize the injured part with padding, bandages and slings
• If bleeding carefully place padding over the wound to control bleeding
• Seek immediate medical assistance

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Basic First Aid for Burns:
HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WHO SUFFERS FROM SMALL AND
MINOR BURNS

• Cool the burned area quickly with cool clean and running water
for 15 to 20 minutes until the pain is reduced.
• Remove any clothing or jewellery if they are NOT stuck
to the skin.
• Do NOT open blisters that are unbroken.
• Do NOT apply any cream or ointments.

HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WHO SUFFERS FROM LARGE AND SEVERE BURNS

• Do NOT remove any burnt clothing.

• Do NOT immerse large and severe burns in cold water. This could cause shock.
• Cover the area of the burn. Use a moist cloth or moist towels.
• Check the person, and make sure he does not become too cold. Cover with a
blanket but do NOT overheat.

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Basic First Aid for Fever and Convulsions

HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WITH FEVER

If the person or child can drink, eat and move about:

• Give more fluids to drink than usual
• Remove any covering if the person is too hot.
• Add covering if the person becomes cold.

HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WHO IS CONVULSING

• Help the person to the ground and protect head from injury
• Remove any objects nearby to prevent injury
• Let the convulsion end. Do NOT try to stop the shaking.
• Do NOT place anything in the person’s mouth
• Do NOT give any drinks, medicine or food.
• When the shaking stops, the person may sleep. Put person in recovery position and stay
with them until they wake up.

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Basic First Aid for chest pain and stroke

Signs of Chest pain and a heart attack

• Uncomfortable pressure or squeezing pain in the centre of the chest

• Pain spreads to shoulders, neck or arms
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Heavy sweating
• Feeling dizzy or fainting
• Nausea (feeling sick)

Signs of Stroke

• Sudden and severe headache

• Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arms or legs
• Dizziness, confusion or blurring vision
• Loss of speech, trouble talking or understanding others talking
• Difficulty walking or keeping balance
• Sudden unconsciousness

HOW TO ASSIST A PERSON WHO IS SUFFERING FROM

CHEST PAIN AND STROKE

• The person is most likely to be frightened. Give psychological

first aid by reassuring the person and explaining what is happening.
• Help the person to a comfortable position, half-sitting or lying down
• Ask person to rest and try not to move.

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What is EPI?
The Expanded Program on Immunization is part of the Department of Health
Program aim to reduce infant mortality and morbidity through decreasing the seven
(7) preventable diseases:

• Tuberculosis
• Diphtheria
• Pertussis
• Tetanus
• Polio
• Measles
• Hepatitis B

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Routine Schedule for Infants
All vaccinations should be completed in the first year of a child’s life. Bring your child to the
nearest Health Center to complete their immunization.
A fully immunized child must have completed BCG 1, DPT 1, DPT 2, DPT 3, OPV 1, OPV 2,
OPV 3, HB 1, HB 2, HB 3 and measles vaccines.

Vaccine Minimum Number Minimum Site Reason and Importance

Age at First of Interval
Dose Doses

Bacillus Birth 1 Right BCG given at earliest possible age protects

Calmette- (anytime deltoid the possibility of Tuberculosis meningitis
Guérin after birth) region of and other TB infections in which infants are
the arm prone.
(BCG)

Diptheria- 6 weeks 3 4 weeks Upper An early start with DPT reduces the chance
Pertusis- outer of severe pertusis
Tetanus portion of
Vaccine the thigh
(DPT)

Oral Polio 6 weeks 3 4 weeks Mouth Protection against polio is increased the
Vaccine earlier the OPV is given.
(OPV)

Hepatitis B At birth 3 6 weeks Upper An early start of Hepatitis B vaccine reduces

interval outer the chance of being infected and becoming a
from 1st portion of carrier.
dose to the thigh Prevents liver diseases which are more likely
2nd dose. to develop if infected with Hepatitis B early in
8 weeks life.
interval
from 2nd
dose to 3rd
dose

Anti- 9 months 1 Upper Measles is a highly contagious disease

Measles outer which can cause death to infants.
Vaccine portion of This vaccine protects children against the
the arms
(AMV) measles disease.
Not MMR

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Am I pregnant? Sensations of
Presumptive and probable Enlargement fetal movement
signs of pregnancy. of abdomen in the abdomen

Abrupt Positive
cessation of pregnancy
menses test

Increase
Nausea and
in vaginal
vomiting
discharge

I am pregnant!
Positive signs and symptoms
1. Fetal Movements felt by the examiner
2. Fetal heart tone
3. Ultrasound result

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What do I need to do for a healthy pregnancy?

1. Prenatal Check-ups
• Months 1-7 = Monthly
• Months 8 = Twice a month
• Month 9 = Weekly Fats & Oils
2. Proper nutrition and exercise 6-8 tsps

3. Anti tetanus Vaccine

Sugar & Sweets
4-8 tsps

Fish, Shellfish, Meat & Poultry

Dried Beans & Nuts
3-4 servings

Egg
1 piece

Milk & Milk Products

1 glass

Vegetables
3 servings

Fruits
2-3 servings

Rice, Rice Products,

Corn, Root Crops,
Bread, Noodles
5-6 servings

Water/
Beverages
8 glasses

EXERCISE PERSONAL & ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

Do regular exercise in most days of the week for at least 30 minutes.
Practice good personal and environmental hygience.

EATING PLAN FOR HEALTHY LIVING

Eat a variety of foods everyday to ensure that all nutrients are provided in proper amount and balance.
Use iodized salt and eat other fortified foods to increase the intake of micronutrients.

Reference:
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology

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Danger signs during pregnancy?

If you experience the following symptoms, it is important to go to the nearest accredited health
center immediately.
1. Fever and Chills (38˚C or higher)
2. Foul smelling discharge from vagina
3. Severe headache/blurred vision
4. Decreased of no fetal movements
5. Green or brown liquid leaking from vagina
6. High blood pressure
7. Vaginal bleeding
8. Difficulty breathing
9. Convulsions, fainting
10. Severe abdominal pain

The major direct causes of maternal morbidity and mortality include haemorrhage, infection,
high blood pressure, unsafe abortion and obstructed labour.

Where should I deliver my baby?

Home birth is strongly discouraged. You are advised to

deliver in an accredited birthing facility.

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Guidelines for breastfeeding

1. Begin breastfeeding the newborn as soon as possible – 30 minutes or within 1 hour after
the delivery.
2. Fully or nearly fully breastfeed for six months.
3. At six months, add other foods to breastfeeding.

Other important information

1. Wait until youngest child is at least two years old before trying to become pregnant again.
2. Make the first antenatal care visit within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
3. Plan ahead for family planning after delivery.
4. Prepare for child birth.

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What are water borne diseases?

Diarrhea- is when you have loose or watery stool more than three times in one day.
Cholera- is a severe diarrheal infection caused by consuming contaminated food or water.
Typhoid Fever- is a disease transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with
the feces of an infected person.

Transition

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Management and Treatment of Water Borne
Diseases
• Replace fluid loss by drinking oral rehydration solution.
• Continue feeding and/or breastfeeding.

Danger Signs of Dehydration

If a child shows signs of dehydration, refer them immediately
to the nearest health care facility.
• Lethargic or unconscious
• Sunken eyes
• Not able to drink or drinking poorly.
• Skin pinch goes back slow.

How to prepare oral rehydration salts

Ingredients:
• One table spoon of salt
• Four teaspoons of sugar
• One litre of clean drinking or boiled water and then cooled – 5 cupfuls
(each cup is about 200ml)

Preparation Method:
• Stir the mixture till the salt and sugar dissolve

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Preventative Measures

How to ensure drinking water is safe

• Boiling – If the water is cloudy, it should be filtered before
boiling using a clean towel, cheesecloth or other fabric.
Place the water in a clean container and bring it to a
full boil and continue boiling for at least 3 minutes.
Boiled water should be kept covered while cooling.

• Chemical treatment
a. Use of Hyposol
b. Use of chlorine tablet

Proper Sanitation

Dispose garbage properly. Keep household clean

to prevent diseases.

Keep toilets and latrines

clean and free from fecal
Use latrines when defecating. matter and bad odor.

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 Proper Hygiene
Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water:

After using the toilet. After handling garbage. Before handling any food. Before eating.

Proper Hand Washing

1 2 3

Wet hands with running water. Apply soap, create lather and Rub right hand over left and
rub all surfaces for 20 seconds. vice versa.

4 5 6

Grasp thumb and rub with a

Rub the back of fingers against twisting motion. Repeat for other
Rub palms together with fingers
the opposite palm. thumb.
interlaced.

7 8 9

Rub left palm against the back of Rinse hands with running water. Dry hands in the air.
the right hand and vice versa.

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Proper Food Handling

Kitchen and dining utensils Refrigerate food with

maintained clean and stored. room for air circulation.

Cook food well. Always keep food covered.

Keep poison and other food Don’t cough or sneeze Store food in clean and
contaminants away from on food or dishes. dry places.
food and vice versa.

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Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos

MONDAY TUESDAY

Eat a variety of foods every day. Breast-feed infants exclusively from

birth to 4-6 months and then, give
appropriate foods while continuing
breast-feeding.

Consume fish, lean meat, poultry

Maintain children's normal growth or dried beans.
through proper diet and monitor
their growth regularly.

Eat more vegetables, fruits and root crops

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 Eat foods cooked in edible/ Consume milk, milk products and other
cooking oil daily. calcium-rich foods such as small fish
and dark green leafy vegetables every
day.

Use iodized salt, but avoid excessive Eat clean and safe food.
intake of salty foods.

For a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise

regularly, do not smoke and avoid drinking alcoholic
beverages.

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Epidemics
What is an epidemic? It happens when many people in the community have the same
infection at the same time. This can be a result of a disaster or by a sudden spread of infection.

Epidemic prevention begins with:

Practicing good hygiene

Using safe water. Having good shelter.
and proper sanitation.

Vaccinating children. Protection from mosquito bites.

How can we reduce the bad effects of disasters?

• Epidemic prevention
• Learning disaster response first aid.
• Cooperate with rescue teams and disaster volunteers during a disaster.

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Health Benefits of AKAPULKO:
External Use:
• Treatment of skin diseases:
• Tinea infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema,
scabies and itchiness.
• Mouthwash in stomatitis

Internal use:
• Expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea
• Alleviation of asthma symptoms
• Used as diuretic and purgative
• For cough & fever
• As a laxative to expel intestinal parasites and other
stomach problems.

Note: A strong decoction of Akapulko leaves is an abortifacient. Pregnant women should not take
decoction of the leaves or any part of this plant.

Health Benefits of AMPALAYA:

• Good for rheumatism and gout
• And diseases of the spleen and liver
• Aids in lowering blood sugar levels
• Helps in lowering blood pressure
• Relives headaches
• Disinfects and heals wounds & burns
• Can be used as a cough & fever remedy
• Treatment of intestinal worms, diarrhea
• Helps prevent some types of cancer
• Enhances immune system to fight infection
• For treatment of hemorrhoids
• Is an antioxidant and parasiticide
• Is antibacterial and antipyretic

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Health Benefits of BAWANG:
• Good for the heart
• Helps lower bad cholesterol levels (LDL)
• Aids in lowering blood pressure
• Remedy for arteriosclerosis
• May help prevent certain types of cancer
• Boosts immune system to fight infection
• With antioxidant & antibacterial properties
• Cough and cold remedy
• Relives sore throat
• Aids in the treatment of tuberculosis
• Helps relieve rheumatism pain
• Relief of toothaches
• Kills skin fungus i.e. athlete’s foot
• With anticoagulant properties

Health Benefits of BAYABAS:

• Antiseptic, astringent & anthelminthic
• Kills bacteria, fungi and ameba
• Used to treat diarrhea, nosebleeding
• For Hypertension, diabetes and Asthma
• Promotes menstruation

The fresh leaves are used to facilitate the healing

of wounds and cuts. A decoction (boiling in water)
or infusion of fresh leaves can be used for wound
cleaning to prevent infection. Bayabas is also
effective for toothaches.

Note: Bayabas can cause constipation when consumed in excess.

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Health Benefits of LAGUNDI:
• Relief of asthma & pharyngitis
• Recommended relief of rheumatism, dyspepsia,
boils, diarrhea
• Treatment of cough, colds, fever and flu and other
bronchopulmonary disorders
• Alleviate symptoms of Chicken Pox
• Removal of worms, and boils

Health Benefits of NIYUG-NIYOGAN:

Almost all of its parts are used individually, or mixed with
other ingredients, as remedy to different ailments. In the
Philippines, these are taken to rid people of parasitic
worms. Some also use these to help alleviate coughs and
diarrhea. Medical experts, advice patients to consult their
doctors as improper dosing may cause hiccups. Niyog-
niyogan’s leaves are used to cure body pains by placing
them on specific problematic areas of the body. Compound
decoctions of the leaves of niyog-niyogan are used in India
to alleviate flatulence.

Health Benefits of SAMBONG:

• Good as a diuretic agent
• Effective in the dissolving kidney stones
• Aids in treating hypertension & rheumatism
• Treatment of colds & fever
• Anti-diarrheic properties
• Anti-gastralgic properties
• Helps remove worms, boils
• Relief of stomach pains
• Treats dysentery, sore throat

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Health Benefits of TSAANG GUBAT:
• Stomach pains
• Gastroenteritis
• Intestinal motility
• Dysentery
• Diarrhea or Loose Bowel Movement (LBM)
• Mouth gargle
• Body cleanser/wash

Health Benefits of ULASIMANG BATO

• Arthritis
• Gout
• Skin boils, abscesses, pimples
• Headache
• Abdominal pains
• Kidney problems

Health Benefits of YERBA BUENA

• Arthritis
• Head aches
• Tooth aches
• Mouth wash
• Relief of intestinal gas
• Stomach aches
• Indigestion
• Drink as tea for general good health.

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Acute Respiratory Infections
Causes of Cough and Colds
1. Cough and colds can be caused by an allergy.
2. Cough and colds can be an effect of infection that came from either a virus or bacteria.
3. Cough and colds can be a sign or symptom of an underlying disease.
4. A person who has cough and colds may have an infection in the
lungs or airway.

Always remember:

A child who experiences difficulty and fast breathing may have

Pneumonia. A Pneumonia is a serious infection in the lungs.

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia:

1. Difficulty in breathing;
2. Abnormal lung sounds;
3. High fever; and
4. Difficulty in breastfeeding and swallowing.

What to do to prevent yourself from having Cough,

Colds and Pneumonia?
1. Breastfeed your babies up to two years of age.
2. Complete all necessary vaccines.
3. Do not expose children in cold environment.
4. Avoid exposure from tobacco smoke and indoor pollution.
5. Avoid overcrowded places.
6. Ensure that children have an adequate nutrition.
7. Observe proper personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently.
8. Isolate members of the household who has cough, colds or
pneumonia.

Always remember:
Visit your nearest Barangay Health Center if you or your children
experience such signs and symptoms of Pneumonia .

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What are HIV and AIDS?
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a retrovirus that causes HIV infection.
Its entrance into the body lowers the immunity (body defense system) or the ability to fight
off disease.

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is a condition characterized

by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another
which attacks and weakens the body’s immune system, making the afflicted individual
susceptible to other life threatening infection.

How is HIV Transmitted?

Unprotected sexual contact Blood transmission HIV-infected

blood enters the body

Shared needles or skin-piercing instruments Mother-to-child transmission

Methods of Preventing HIV Transmission

A – Abstinence
B – Be faithful (having a monogamous relationship)
C – Condom Use
D – Don’t use shared needles
E – Education and Information

How do I know if I am HIV Positive?

You can learn your HIV status through voluntary counselling and testing.

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What are Sexually Transmitted Infections?
These are diseases that are mainly passed from one person to another during sex (vaginal,
anal and oral). Transmission occurs through the exchange of body fluids or direct contact with
an infected person

STI symptoms vary, but most common are:

• Soreness
• Unusual lumps or sores
• Itching
• Pain when urinating
• Unusual discharge from the genital

Effects of STIs
• Infertility
• Ectopic Pregnancies, Infection in the Uterus
• Eye infection in infant
• Death (worst case)

Types of STIs
1. Bacterial – Gonorrhea, Syphilis,
Chlamydia, Chancroid
2. Viral – Genital Herpes, Genital Warts,
Genital Molluscum, HIV, Hepa B
3. Protozoal – Trichomonas
4. Fungal – Candidiasis
5. Skin Parasite – Pubic Lice, Scabies

Prevention of STIs
• Knowledge on STIs
• Do not engage in casual sex
• Monogamous relationship
• Use of Condom
• Regular Reproductive Health Check up

If you suspect that you have STI, do not be afraid or ashamed, and consult a doctor as soon
as possible.

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 Alcohol Cigarettes Medicines Illegal drugs such as
marijuana, heroin & shabu

Effects of Substance Abuse

1. Persons who are unde the influence of substanes may have reduced judgement and may
engage in risky behaviours, such as unprotected sex, or driving.
2. Substances that are injected with shared needles and syringes can put people at risk of
transmitting infectons like HIV.
3. Excessive alcohol use is bad for the liver.
4. Excessive alcohol use can impair judgement leading to vehicle accidents.
5. Alcohol can also make depression worse and can contribute to violent behaviour.
6. People who use substance in excess can become addicted.
7. Excessive use of substance can be life threatening.

Signs of excessive substance use

• changes in eating habits or unexplained weight loss or weight gain
• inability to sleep or sleeping too much
• smell of substance on breath, body or clothes
• extreme hyperactivity, excessive talkativeness
• needle marks on lower arm, leg or bottom of feet
• change in personality, mood or interests
• change of friends, or new friends
• secretive or suspicious behavior
• change in daily habits, activities or grooming
• motor accidents related to alcohol use

Ways to Avoid & Manage Substance Abuse

1. Seek support from youth organizations and community outreach organizations.

2. Support substance use awareness in schools and colleges.
3. Encourage young people to lead healthy lifestyles.

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 Published and Distributed by:

For more information, contact:

Community Health and Nursing Services
(632) 527-6353 / 5257433
www.redcross.org.ph
email: [email protected]
or contact your local Red Cross Chapter

Manila, June 2011

Developed by:

CONVENIO 10-C01-033 PROJECT

Supported by:

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