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Referat Engleza Gi

Stomach ulcers, also called gastric ulcers, are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine. Common symptoms include a burning or gnawing abdominal pain that worsens after eating. Treatment depends on the cause but often involves antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections, medications to reduce stomach acid like PPIs, and lifestyle changes. Most ulcers heal within a few months with treatment.

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89 views6 pages

Referat Engleza Gi

Stomach ulcers, also called gastric ulcers, are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine. Common symptoms include a burning or gnawing abdominal pain that worsens after eating. Treatment depends on the cause but often involves antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections, medications to reduce stomach acid like PPIs, and lifestyle changes. Most ulcers heal within a few months with treatment.

Uploaded by

Iova Luciana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Școala Postliceală Sanitară

Specializare: AMG

Referat
Engleza
Stomach ulcer (Gastric Ulcer)

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Stomach ulcer (Gastric Ulcer)
About stomach ulcers

Stomach ulcers (gastric ulcers) are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach.
Ulcers can also occur in part of the intestine just beyond the stomach. These are called duodenal
ulcers. Stomach and duodenal ulcers are sometimes called peptic ulcers. This information applies
to both.

Stomach ulcer symptoms

The most common symptom of a stomach ulcer is a burning or gnawing pain that
develops in your abdomen (tummy). However, some stomach ulcers aren't painful and are only
noticed when a complication develops, such as bleeding from the ulcer.
Tummy pain
The pain caused by a stomach ulcer can either travel:
 out from the middle of your tummy up to your neck
 down to your belly button
 through to your back
And:
 can last from a few minutes to a few hours
 often starts within a few hours of eating
 can cause you to wake up during the night
Taking antacids (indigestion medication) may temporarily relieve the pain, but it will
keep coming back if the ulcer isn't treated.
Less common symptoms
Less common symptoms of a stomach ulcer include:
 indigestion
 heartburn
 loss of appetite
 feeling and being sick
 weight loss
Some people also find they burp or become bloated after eating fatty foods.

Stomach ulcer treatment

If you have a stomach ulcer, your treatment will depend on what caused it.

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With treatment, most ulcers heal in a month or two.

Treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection


If your stomach ulcer's caused by a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterial infection,
you'll be given:
 a course of antibiotics
 a medication called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
This is also recommended if it's thought your stomach ulcer's caused by a combination of
an H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Antibiotics
If you have an H. pylori infection, you'll usually be prescribed a course of 2 or 3
antibiotics.
The most commonly used antibiotics are:
 amoxicillin
 clarithromycin
 metronidazole
You should take these twice a day for a week.
Side effects
The side effects of these are usually mild, but can include:
 feeling and being sick
 diarrhoea
 a metallic taste in your mouth
Further testing
You'll be re-tested at least 4 weeks after finishing your antibiotic course to see if there are
any H. pylori bacteria left in your stomach. If there are, a further course of eradication therapy
using different antibiotics may be given.
Ulcers caused by NSAIDs
If your stomach ulcer's caused by taking NSAIDs:
 you'll be given a course of PPI medication
 your use of NSAIDs will be reviewed, and you may be advised to use an
alternative painkiller
Alternative painkillers
You may be advised to use an alternative painkiller not associated with stomach ulcers,
such as paracetamol.
COX-2 inhibitors are sometimes recommended. These are an alternative type of NSAID
that's less likely to cause stomach ulcers.
Low-dose aspirin
If you're taking low-dose aspirin to reduce your risk of blood clots, your GP will tell you
whether you need to keep taking it.
If you do, you may also be prescribed long-term treatment with a PPI or H2-receptor
antagonist to prevent further ulcers.
Complications
It's important to understand the potential risks associated with continued NSAID use.
You're more likely to develop another stomach ulcer and could experience a serious
complication, such as internal bleeding.
Read more about the complications of stomach ulcers

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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces. This prevents further
damage to the ulcer as it heals naturally.
The most commonly used PPIs are:
 omeprazole
 pantoprazole
 lansoprazole
They're usually prescribed for 4 to 8 weeks.
Side effects
Side effects of these are usually mild, but can include:
 headaches
 diarrhoea or constipation
 feeling sick
 abdominal (tummy) pain
 dizziness
 rashes
These should pass once treatment has been completed.
H2-receptor antagonists
Sometimes a type of medication called H2-receptor antagonists are used instead of PPIs.
These also reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces.
Ranitidine is the most widely used H2-receptor antagonist for treating stomach ulcers.
Side effects
Side effects are uncommon, but can include:
 diarrhoea
 headaches
 dizziness
 rashes
 tiredness
Antacids and alginates
As these treatments can take several hours before they start to work, your GP may
recommend taking additional antacid medication.
Antacids:
 neutralise your stomach acid
 provide immediate, but short-term, symptom relief
 should be taken when you experience symptoms or when you expect them, such
as after meals or at bedtime
Some antacids also contain a medicine called an alginate, which produces a protective
coating on the lining of your stomach. Antacids containing alginates are best taken after meals.
You can buy these medications at pharmacies. Your pharmacist can tell you which is
most suitable for you.
Side effects
Side effects of both medications are usually mild, but can include:
 diarrhoea or constipation
 wind (flatulence)
 stomach cramps
 feeling and being sick

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Lifestyle changes
There aren't any special lifestyle measures you need to take during treatment.
However, avoiding stress, alcohol, spicy foods and smoking may reduce your symptoms
while your ulcer heals.

Bibliography

1. https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-
and-gastrointestinal-tract/stomach-ulcer

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