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18. BINOMIAL THEOREM

18.1 (B)
21r 42 3r 2r  21
a 3 br / 3 6
tr+1 = 21
Cr   = 21
Cr a b 3
b ar / 6

 42 – 3r = 4r – 42 i.e. r = 12
 13 term contains same powers of a and b
th

18.2 (D)
Coefficient of x4 is (1 + 5x + 9x2 + ......) (1 + x2)11
= (1 + 5x + 9x2 + ......) (1 + 11x2 + 11C2 (x2)2 + .......)
= (1 + 5x + 9x2 + 13x3 + 17x4 + .......) (1 + 11x2 + 11C2 x4 + ......)
coefficient of x4 is 11C2 + 9 × 11 + 17 = 55 + 99 + 17 = 171

18.3 (A)
putting x = 1 and  1 and adding

a0 + a2 +...... + a50 =
325  1
=
1 2  1 25

2 2
25
C0  25 C1.2 25 C 2.22 ..........  25 C25 .225 1
=
2

=

2 1 25
C1  25
C 2 . 2  ......  25
C 25 . 224  = 2 [13 + 25
C2 +...... + 25C25. 223] is an even integer
2

18.4 (B)
E = (x 1) (x 2) (x 3)...... (x n) where 1 = 1, 2 = 2 etc
= xn    1  xn  1 +    1  2  xn  2 + .......
Hence co-efficient of x n  2 = sum of all the products of the first ' n ' natural numbers taken

(1  2  3  .......  n)2  (12  2 2  ..........  n2 ) n (n 2  1) (3 n  2)

two at a time = =
2 24

18.5 (C)
2740 = 3120
3119 = (4 – 1)119 = 119C0 4119 – 119C1 4118 + 119C
2 4117 – 119C
3 4116 + ....... + 119C
118 4–1
 3119 = 4k – 1
 3120 = 12 k – 3 = 12 (k – 1) + 9
 The required remainder is 9

18.6 (C)
Let x – 1 = t , then
2n 2n

a
r 0
r tr =  b (t  1)
r 0
r
r

2n
 an = coefficient of tn in  b (t  1)
r 0
r
r

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= tn
coefficient of in (b0 + b1 (t – 1) + ....+ bn (t + bn + 1 (t – –1)n
+ ........ + b2n (t – 1)2n) 1)n + 1
= n
bn C0 + bn + 1 n + 1 1
C1 (–1) + bn + 2 n + 2 2 2n
C2 (–1) + ...... + b2n Cn (–1) n

= (–1)n–n . nC0 + (–1) n + 1 – n + 1 . n + 1C1 + ........+ (–1)2n – n + n 2n Cn

= nC + n + 1C + n + 2C + ........... + 2n C = 2n + 1 C
0 1 2 n n+1
= 2n +1C
n

18.7 (B)

00 00 00


2(1 + x 3)100 = 
 k  
 ak x  cos ( x  k )  =
 2 
 a .x
k 0
k
k
–  cos 2 ( x  k )
k 0
k 0

00
       3  
=  a .x
k 0
k
k
– cos 2 x  cos  2 x  2   cos 2 x     cos 2 x  2   .....
       

100

2(1 + x 3)100 =  a .x
k 0
k
k
– (0)

put x = –1 0 = a0 – a1 + a2 – a3 +........
put x = 1 2101 = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3
add
2101 = 2[a0 + a2 + a4+........]
a0 + a2 + a4 +......+ a100 = 2100

18.8 (C)
(23)14 = (529)7 = (530 – 1)7
= 7C0 (530)7 – 7C1(530)6 + ......... – 7C5 (530)2 + 7C6 530 – 1
= 7C0 (530)7 – 7C1 (530)6 + ....... + 3710 – 1
= 100 m + 3709
 last two digits are 09

18.9 (B)
S1 : 3 . 380 
= 3 .(10 – 1)40 = 3. 10 k  40C 40 = 30 K + 3 
Digit at unit place is 3

S2 :  82  9 11  11
=  + f =  C0

 82  11
11 C1 82   10
9  ......11C11911 


 82  9 11  11
= f1 =  C 0

 82  11
11 C1 82   10
9  ......11C11911 

 + f – f1 = Integer , f – f1 = Integer = 0

 11
 = 2  C1 82

  10
9 11 C3  82  9 8 3
 ..... = even integer

S3 : (72)50 = (52 – 3)50 = 50C0 (52)50 ......50C49 (52)(– 3)49 + 50C50 (– 3)50
= 13 K + (33)16 . 32 = 13 K + (26 + 1)16 . 9 = 13 K + 13 K1 + 9
n 5 5 n 6 6
n  1 2 n  1 2
S4 : C5     > C6    
5 5 5 5

n 5 5 n 4 4
n  1 2 n  1 2
C5     > C4    
5 5 5 5
gives n = 7

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18.10 (B)
S1 : (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + ........+ nCn xn ........(1)
(x + 1) = C0 x + C1 x
n n n n n–1
+ ............+ Cn
n
........(2)
coefficient of xn – 1 in the product of two series
n
C0 . nC1 + nC1 . nC2 + ........... = 2nCn – 1
S2 : (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + nC2 x2 + ...........+ nCn xn ........(1)
n n n
(x + 1) = C0 x + C1 x n n – 1 n
+ .........+ Cn ........(2)
coefficient of x n in the product of two series
C02 + C12 .......... = 2nCn
S3 : (1 + x)11 = 11C0 + 11C1 x + ........+ 11C11 x 11
(1 – x)11 + 11C0 – 11C1x + .........+ 11C11 (–1)11 x 11
Coefficient of x 11 in product of two series
11 C 11 C – 11 C 11 C 11 11 11 11
0 11 1 10 + ...........+ (–1) . C 11 C 0 = coefficient of x in the expansion
of (1 – x 2)11 = 0

n n
2r 1 nCr
S4 : 
r 0
r 1 =
1
(n  1)

r 0
n + 1C
r+1 2r + 1

1 3n1  1
= (n+1C0 20 + n+1C1 21 + .... + n+1Cn+1 2n+1 – n+1C0) =
n 1 n 1

18.11 (A,B,C)
We have a1 = 2 and for n  2,
n 2 r n
 1  1  1  1  1
a n = 1   = C 0 + C 1   + nC 2  
n n
+ ...... + Cr   + ..... + nCn  
n
 n  n n n
  n

n (n  1) 1 n(n  1)....(n  r  1) 1 n(n  1).... 2.1 1

=1+1+ 2! 2 + ...... + r! r + ...... + n! .......(i)
n n nn

1  1 1  1  2 1  1  2  r  1
= 2 + 2 ! 1   + 3 ! 1   1   + ...... + r ! 1   1   .... 1   + .....
 n  n  n  n  n  n 

1  1  2  n  1
+ n ! 1   1   ....... 1  
 n   n   n 

Hence from (i), an  2 for all n  N. Also

1 1 1 1
an  1 + 1 + 2 ! + 3 ! + ....... + r ! + ...... + n !

For 2  r  n, we have r ! = 1 . 2 . 3 ..... r  2r–1. Thus,

1 1 1 1
an  1 + 1 + + 2 + ...... + r 1 + ..... + n 1
2 2 2 2

1  (1/ 2n )  1  1
=1+ = 1 + 2 1  n  = 3 – n 1
1  (1/ 2)  2  2

1
an  3 – n 1 <3  n1  an < 4  n  1
2

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18.12 (A,C,D)
 + f = (4 + 15 )n

Let g = (4 – 15 )n , then 0 < g < 1

 + f = nC 0 4 n + nC 1 4 n – 1 15 + nC2 4n – 2 15 + nC3 4n – 3 ( 15 )3 + .......

g = nC0 4n – nC1 4n – 1 15 + nC2 . 4n – 2 . 15 – nC3 4n – 3 ( 15 )3 + ..........

  + f + g = 2 (nC0 4n + nC2 4n – 2 . 15 + .........) = even integer
 0<f+g<2  f+g=1  1–f=g
thus  is an odd integer
1 – f = g = (4 – 15 )n
( + f) (1 – f) = ( + f) . g = 1

n!
18.13 (D)  (a + b + c)n =  p! · q! · r! . a b c , p q r
p+q+r=n

in statement-1 p + q + r exceeds n

n n
18.14 (D)  r ncr pr qn – r = np 
r 0
n–1
cr – 1 pr – 1 qn – r = np (q + p)n – 1 = np
r 0

18.15 (A)
n(n1)
–4
If n  4, then term containing x 2 is (–4) x1+2+3+5+6+7+...+ n + (–1) (–3) x2+4+5+6+...+ n
n(n1)
–4
 coefficient of x 2
is – 4 + (– 1) (– 3) = – 1
Statement : 2 is true and it explains statement-1

18.16 (A)
The number of ways of selecting committee of r persons among 40 women and 60 men = 100Cr
This will assume greatest value at r = 50
18.17 (A)
1 + x = nCn + nCn – 1 + n + 1Cn – 1 + ........ + 2nCn – 1 = 2n + 1Cn
Since 2n + 1 and n are coprime for every natural number n.
 2n + 1
Cn is divisible by 2n + 1
x 1
 is an integer
2n  1
18.18 (C)
6m

 6m
Cr 2r / 2 put x = 2 = (1 + 2 )6m = (3 + 2 2 )3m
r 0

18.19 (B)

1
6m 
    2
6m
3m 6m  1 1  6m  1 1 
 ( 1)r 6mC 2r
  2
2


 2
i
2
 
 2
i
2
 


r0

3m  0 if m is odd
= 23m . cos =  m
2 ( 1) 2 23m if m is even

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18.20 (A)
3m

 ( 3 )
r 1
r 1 6mC
2r – 1

1
=
3i  3i 6m
C1  ( 3 i)3 6m
C 3  ( 3 i)5 6m
C 5  ...  ( 3 i)6m 1 6m C 6m 1 
(1  3 i)6m = 6mC0 + 3i 6m
C1 + ( 3 i)2 6m
C2 + ( 3 i)3 6m
C3 + ...

(1  3 i)6m = 6mC0 – 3i 6m
C1 + ( 3 i)2 6m
C2 – ( 3 i)3 6m
C3 + ...

 (1  3 i)6m – (1  3 i)6m = 2 [ 3 i 6m
C1 + ( 3 i)3 6m
C3 + ...]

 given expression
1
2 3i

(1  3 i)6m – (1 – 3 i)6m 
2 6m
= (cos 2m + i sin 2m – cos 2m + i sin 2m) = 0
2 3i

18.21, 18.22, 18.23

x3 – 1
x = 1, , 2 or x = , 2, 3 ........Ans. (18.21)
x=1 : C 0 + C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 + .......... = 2n
x= : C0 + C1 + C22 + C33 + C44 + ......... = (1 + )n
x = 2 : C0 + C12 + C24 + C 36 + ......... = (1 + 2)n
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
3(C0 + 0 + 0 + C3 + 0 + 0 + C 6 + .......) = 2n + (– 2)n + (– )n = 2n + (–1)n + (–1) n

2n  2( 1)n
 C0 + C3 + C6 + ..........= ........Ans. (18.22)
3
x4 – 1 = 0  x = ± 1, ± i
 Sum of values of x = 1 + (– 1) + i + (– i) = 0 ........Ans. (18.23)

18.24 (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (t), (D)  (s)

(A) ( C1 Cm – C2 Cm + C3 Cm – .... (–1) m–1m Cm mnCm)
m n m 2n m 3n

= Coefficient of x m in the expansion of

(mC1 (1 + x)n – mC2 (1 + x)2n + mC3(1 + x)3n .... + (–1) m–1·mCm . (1 + x)mn)
= Coefficient of x m in the expansion of
(mC0 – [mC0 – mC1(1 + x) n + mC2(1 + x)2n – mC3(1 + x)3n + ..... + (–1) m mCm(1 + x) mn])
= Coefficient of x m in the expansion of (1 – (1 – (1 + x) n)m)
= Coefficient of x m in the expansion of – [1 – (1+x)n]m

(B) nC + n–1Cm + n–2Cm + ...... + mCm is the coefficient of xm in the expansion of

m
(1 + x)n + (1 + x) n–1 + (1 + x) n–2 + ..... +(1 + x) m
= (1 + x)m[1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x)2 + .... + (1 + x)n–m]

 1  (1  x )nm1  (1  x )n1  (1  x )m
 
= (1 + x)m  1  (1  x )  =
  x

(1  x )n1
Thus the given expression is equal to the coefficient of x m in the expansion of
x
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(C) (1 + x)n = nC
0 + nC
1x + nC 2 x2 + nC
3 x3 + ....... + nC
n xn .... A
(1 + x)n = nC
0 + nC
1x + nC 2 x2 + nC
3 x3 + ....... + nC
n xn .... B
multiplying eq. A and B and equating coefficient of x n on both the sides.
coefficientof x n in the expansion of (1 + x)n (1 + x)n = nC0 nCn + nC1nCn–1+nC2nCn–2+ ....... +
nC nC
n 0

 Coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n = 2nCn

(D) 2m nCm = Coefficient of x m in the expansion of (1 + 2x) n
2m–1 n–1Cm–1 = Coefficient of x m–1 in the expansion of (1 + 2x) n–1
= Coefficient of x m in the expansion of x(1 + 2x) n–1
 given expression = coefficient of x m in the expansion of
nC + 2x)n – nC1x(1 + 2x)n–1 + nC2x 2(1 + 2x) n–2 – ......
0(1

= coefficient of x m in the expansion of (1 + 2x – x)n = nCm

18.25 (A)  (r), (B)  (p), (C)  (s), (D)  (q)

Sol. (A) ((1 + x)5)20 = (1 + x) 100
no. of terms = 101 = 
3101 = 3.3100 = 3.(950) = 3.(10 – 1) 50
50 50
= 3.(1 – 10)50 = 3(1 – C1 .(10) + C2 .(10) 2 –........)

= 3(1 – 500 + 122500 + ........) = 3[1 + some number with zero at unit and tenth place]
= 3[......01] = .......03
O+T=3

 (8  1)   1 C1.8  C2 .8  ....... 
n 2
1
(B) 8.  = 8.   = 8. = 1
 8   8 8  8

7
(C) (x + 7
3x 2  1 ) = C0 x 7 + 7
C1.x 6 .( 3 x 2  1 )1 + 7
C 2 .x 5 .( 3 x 2  1 )2 +.......

7
(x – 7
3x 2  1 ) = C0 x 7 – 7
C1.x 6 .( 3 x 2  1 ) +.........
– –
__________________________________

7 6 2 7 4 2 3 7 2 2 5 7 0 2 7
 2  C1x . 3 x  1  C3 x .( 3 x  1)  C 5 .x ( 3 x  1)  C 7 .x ( 3 x  1) 
 

multiply by 3x 2  1 = 2  C x .(3x
7
1
6 2
 1)  7C5 x 4 (3 x 2  1)2  7 C5 .x 2 (3x 2  1)3  ..... 
Degree = 8

( 2002  1) ( 2001  2) ( 2000  3) (1002  1001)

(D) . . +.........
1.2002 2.2001 3.2000 1001 .1002

(2003)1001
(2002)!

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18.26 (7)

n n

If (1 – x ) =
3 n
 a x (1  x)
r
r 3n 2r
 [(1 – x) (1 + x + x )] = (1 – x)
2 n n  a x [(1  x) ]
r 0
r
r 2 n r

r 0

n n n

 [3x + (1 – x)2]n = 
r 0
a r x r [(1  x )2 ]n r  
r 0
n
Cr (3 x )r [(1  x )2 ]n r =  a x [(1  x) ]
r 0
r
r 2 n r

comparing the coefficients of like power of x on both sides, we get ar = nCr . 3r.
 a1 = 3 . nC1 , a2 = 9 . nC2 and a3 = 27 . nC3
 a1, a2, a3 are in A.G.P. iff nC1 , nC2 , nC3 are in A.P.
 n=7

18.27 (2)
There are 11 terms in the expansion
 6th term is the middle term.
5
 1
T6 = 10C5   (x sin x)5
x

63
10
C5 (sin x)5 =
8

63 1 1
(sin x)5 = × =
8 252 32

1
 sin x =
2


 x = n + (– 1)n , n 
6

18.28 (81)
We have 172 = 289 = 290 – 1.
Now 17 256
= (172)128 = (290 – 1) 128
= 128C0 (290) 128 – 128C1(290)127 + 128C2 (290)126 – ........
– 128C125 (290)3 + 128C126 (290)2 – 128C127 (290) + 1

(128 )(127 )
= 1000 m + (290)2 – (128) (290) + 1.
2
where m is a positive integer.
= 1000 m + (128) (290) [(127) (145) – 1] + 1
= 1000 m + (128) (290) (18414) + 1
= 1000 m + 683527680 + 1
= 1000 [m + 683527] + 680 + 1
= 1000 [m + 683527] + 681
Thus, the last three digits of 17256 are 681.

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18.29 (1)

6!
Any term of the expansion is of the form ( 51 / 3 x ) a ( 31 / 2 y ) b z c
a! b! c!

a,b, c non- negative integers and a+ b+ c =6. For rational coefficients ‘a’ must be multiple of 3 and b must be
multiple of 2.
The following are the possibilities

a b c
0 0 6
0 2 4
0 4 2
0 6 0
3 0 3
3 2 1
6 0 0

6! 6! 6! 2 6! 3 6! 6! 6!
Sum of coefficients =  .3  3 + 3  5 .5.3  5 2 =1233
6! 2!4! 4!2! 6! 3!3! 3!2! 6!

18.30 (2)

 x  3  x  2005 
   3   
x3 – 3xy2 = 2005   y y y 3  × 2004 ...(1)
    

 x
2
2004 
1  3 
y  
y – 3x y = 2004  
3 2
y 3  × 2005 ...(2)
   

x
subtract (1) & (2) & put y = t

2004 t3 + 6015 t2 – 6012 t – 2005 =

y1. y 2 . y 3 1
( y 1  x1 ) ( y 2  x 2 ) ( y 3  y 3 ) = (1  t1 )(1  t 2 )(1  t 3 )

1
= 1  (t t  t t  t t )  ( t  t  t )  t t t
1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 3

put values
= 1002

392