Math 209

Assignment 8 – Solutions

1. Use Green’s Theorem to evaluate the line integral along the given positively oriented curve.
R √
(a) C (y + e x )dx + (2x + cos y 2 )dy, C is the boundary of the region enclosed by the
parabolas y = x2 and x = y 2 .
Solution:
Z √
Z Z  √

x 2 ∂ 2 ∂ x
(y + e )dx + (2x + cos y )dy = (2x + cos y ) − (y + e ) dA
C D ∂x ∂y
Z 1 Z √y Z 1
√ 1
= (2 − 1)dx dy = ( y − y 2 )dy = .
0 y2 0 3
R
(b) C sin y dx + x cos y dy, C is the ellipse x2 + xy + y 2 = 1.
Solution:
Z Z Z   Z Z
∂ ∂
sin y dx+x cos y dy = (x cos y) − (sin y) dA = (cos y−cos y)dA = 0 .
C D ∂x ∂y D

R
2. If f is a harmonic function, that is ∇2 f = 0, show that the line integral fy dx − fx dy is
independent of path in any simple region D.
Solution:
2 2
∇2 f = 0 means that ∂∂xf2 + ∂∂yf2 = 0 Now if F = fy i − fx j and C is any closed path in D,
then applying Green’s Theorem, we get
Z Z Z Z  
∂ ∂
F.dr = fy dx − fx dy = (−fx ) − (fy ) dA
C C D ∂x ∂y
Z Z
=− (fxx + fyy )dA = 0 .
D

2 2
3. Find the area enclosed by the astroid x 3 + y 3 = 1.
Solution:
The astroid has parametric equations x = cos3 t, y = sin3 t, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π.
1 2π
Z Z
1
A = xdy − ydx = cos3 t · (3 cos t sin2 t)dt − sin3 t · (−3 sin t cos2 t)dt
2 C 2 0
Z 2π
1 2π
Z
1 4 2 4 2
= (3 cos t sin t + 3 sin t cos t)dt = 3 cos2 t sin2 t dt
2 0 2 0
3 2π 2 3 2π 1 − cos 4t
Z Z
3π
= sin 2t dt = dt = .
4 0 4 0 2 4
4. Let
ydx − xdy
Z
I =
C x2 + y 2
where C is a circle oriented counterclockwise.
(a) Show that I = 0 if C does not contain the origin.

Solution:
y −x
Let P = x2 +y 2 , Q = x2 +y 2 and let D be the region bounded by C. P and Q have
continuous partial derivatives on an open region that contains region D. By Green’s
Theorem,
Z Z  
ydx − xdy
Z Z
∂Q ∂P
I = = P dx + Qdy = − dxdy
C x2 + y 2 C D ∂x ∂y
Z Z  2
x − y2 x2 − y 2

= 2 2 2
− 2 dxdy = 0 .
D (x + y ) (x + y 2 )2

(b) What is I if C contain the origin?

Solution:
y −x
The functions P = x2 +y 2 and Q = x2 +y 2 are discontinuous at (0, 0), so we can not apply

the
R Green’s Theorem to the circle C and the region inside it. We use the definition of
C
F · dr.
Z Z Z 2π
r sin t(−r sin t) + (−r cos t)(r cos t)
P dx + Qdy = P dx + Qdy = dt
C Cr 0 r2 cos2 t + r2 sin2 t
Z 2π
= −dt = −2π .
0

5. Find the curl and the divergence of the vector field F = ex sin y i + ex cos y j + z k. Is F
conservative?

Solution:  

 i j k 
 
∂ ∂ ∂ 
 
curl F = ∇ × F =  ∂x ∂y ∂z 
 
 
 ex sin y ex cos y z 
= (0 − 0) i + (0 − 0) j + (ex sin y − ex sin y) k = 0 .
∂ x ∂ x ∂
div F = ∇ · F = (e sin y) + (e cos y) + (z) = ex sin y − ex sin y + 1 = 1 .
∂x ∂y ∂z
Since curl F = 0 and the domain of F is R3 and its components have continuous partial
derivatives, F is a conservative vector field.
6. Is there a vector field G on R3 such that curl G = xy 2 i + yz 2 j + zx2 k? Explain.

Solution:
No. Assume there is such a G. Then div(curlG) = y 2 + z 2 + x2 =6 0, which contradicts
3
Theorem (If F = P i + Q j + R k is a vector field on R and P, Q and R have continuous
second-order partial derivatives, then div(curl F) = 0).

7. Identify the surface with the given vector equation.

Solution:
r(u, v) = u cos v i + u sin v j + u2 k, so the corresponding parametric equations for the
surface are x = u cos v, y = u sin v and z = u2 . For any point (x, y, z) on the surface,
we have x2 + y 2 = u2 cos2 +u2 sin2 v = u2 = z. Since no restrictions are placed on the
parameters, the surface is z = x2 +y 2 . Which we recognize as a circular paraboloid opening
upward whose axis is the z-axis.
(b) r(x, θ) = hx, x cos θ, x sin θi

Solution:
r(x, θ) = hx, x cos θ, x sin θi, so the corresponding parametric equations for the surface
are x = x, y = x cos θ and z = ux sin θ. For any point (x, y, z) on the surface, we have
y 2 + z 2 = x cos2 θ + x sin2 θ = x2 . Whit x = x and no restrictions on the parameters, the
surface is y 2 + z 2 = x2 , Which we recognize as a circular con opening whose axis is the
x-axis.

8. Find a parametric representation for the surface.

Solution:
x = 4 − y 2 − 2z 2 , y = y, z = z, where y 2 + 2z 2 ≤ 4 since x ≥ 0. Then the associated
vector equation is r(y, z) = (4 − y 2 − 2z 2 ) i + y j + z k.
p
(b) The part of sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 that lies above the cone z = x2 + y 2

Solution:
√
Since the cone intersects the sphere in the circle x2 + y 2 = 8, z = 2 2 and we want the
portion
p of the sphere above this, we can parameterize the surface x = x, y = y, z =
4 − x − y 2 where x2 + y 2 ≤ 8.
2

Alternate Solution: Using spherical coordinates, x = 4 sin φ cos θ, y = 4 sin φ cos θ, z =

9. Find the area of the part of the surface z = y 2 − x2 that lies between the cylinders
x2 + y 2 = 1 and x2 + y 2 = 4.

Solution:
 z = y 2 − x2 with 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 4. Then
Z Z p Z 2π Z 2 √ Z 2π Z 2 √
A(S) = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA = 1+ 4r2 r dr dθ = dθ 1 + 4r2 r dr
D 0 1 0 1
2
π √ √

1 3
= [θ]2π
0 (1 + 4r2 ) 2 = (17 17 − 5 5) .
12 1 6

10. Find the area of the part of the surface z = x2 + 2y that lies above the triangle with
vertices (0, 0), (1, 0), and (1, 2).

Solution:
z = x2 + 2y with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2x. Then
Z Z √ Z 1 Z 2x √ Z 1 √
A(S) = 2
1 + 4x + 4 dA = 2
5 + 4x dx dy = 2x 5 + 4x2 dx
D 0 1 0
 1
1 2 2 32 9
= (5 + 4x ) = .
4 3 0 2