Scribd
Upload
32 views

Project 123

The document studies the settling characteristics of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles in water at different concentrations. It records the height of the particle-water interface over time for 3% and 5% CaCO3 slurries. The initial concentrations and heights are provided. Settling rates are calculated from the change in height over time for some data points.

Uploaded by

Patel Meetkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Project 123

The document studies the settling characteristics of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles in water at different concentrations. It records the height of the particle-water interface over time for 3% and 5% CaCO3 slurries. The initial concentrations and heights are provided. Settling rates are calculated from the change in height over time for some data points.

Uploaded by

Patel Meetkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

Aim : To study the settling characteristics of a given material for different

concentrations.
Observations :
1 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 3% slurry 30 gm/1000ml
2 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 5% slurry 50gm/1000ml
3 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 7% slurry 70gm/1000ml

C
Observation A
Table
For 3 wt% For 5 wt% CaCO3 slurry
Initial Concentration Co 0.05 gm/cc
Initial Height of Liquid Zo 23.5 cm

Concentratio
n
Height of Time of Settling
Interface settling Rate
Sr. No. Z (cm) t (min) dZ dt dz/dt C (gm/cc)
1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0.03
2 21 2 2.5 2 1.25 0.03357
3 18.2 4 2.8 2 1.4 0.03462
4 15.2 6 3 2 1.5 0.03592
5 12.8 8 2.4 2 1.2 0.03563
6 9.8 10 3 2 1.5 0.03918
7 7.4 12 2.4 2 1.2 0.03973
8 5.1 14 2.3 2 1.15 0.04353
9 4.5 16 0.6 2 0.3 0.03400
10 4.1 18 0.4 2 0.2 0.03293
11 3.9 20 0.2 2 0.1 0.03154
12 3.7 22 0.2 2 0.1 0.03162
13 3.4 24 0.3 2 0.15 0.03265
14 3.05 26 0.35 2 0.175 0.03344
15 2.95 28 0.1 2 0.05 0.03102
16 2.6 30 0.35 2 0.175 0.03404
17 2.5 32 0.1 2 0.05 0.03120
18 2.45 34 0.05 2 0.025 0.03061
19 2.4 36 0.05 2 0.025 0.03063
20 2.3 38 0.1 2 0.05 0.03130
21 2.3 40 0 2 0 0.03000
22 2.3 42 0 2 0 0.03000
23 2.3 44 0 2 0 0.03000

Calculation :
For reading no. 2
Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling n
Interface settling Rate
Sr. No. Z (cm) t (min) dZ dt dz/dt C (gm/cc)
1 23.5 0 23.5 0 0 0.03
2 21 2 2.5 2 1.25 0.03357

Zo 23.5 to 0
Zi 21 ti 2
dz = Zo - Zi 2.5 dt = ti - to 2

Co 0.03 Settling Flux (Gs)


0.03357 0.04196

CASE 2

Observation For 5 wt% CaCO3 slurry


Case 2 Initial Concentration Co 0.05 gm/cc
Initial Height of Liquid Zo 23.5 cm

Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling n
Sr. No. Interface settling Rate
Z (cm) t (min) dZ dt dz/dt C (gm/cc)
1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0.05
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.05199
3 21.5 4 1.1 2 0.55 0.05256
4 20.2 6 1.3 2 0.65 0.05322
5 18.9 8 1.3 2 0.65 0.05344
6 17.7 10 1.2 2 0.6 0.05339
7 16.3 12 1.4 2 0.7 0.05429
8 15.1 14 1.2 2 0.6 0.05397
9 13.8 16 1.3 2 0.65 0.05471
10 12.7 18 1.1 2 0.55 0.05433
11 11.8 20 0.9 2 0.45 0.05381
12 10.8 22 1 2 0.5 0.05463
13 10.1 24 0.7 2 0.35 0.05347
14 9.5 26 0.6 2 0.3 0.05316
15 9 28 0.5 2 0.25 0.05278
16 8.6 30 0.4 2 0.2 0.05233
17 8.3 32 0.3 2 0.15 0.05181
18 8 34 0.3 2 0.15 0.05188
19 7.8 36 0.2 2 0.1 0.05128
20 7.5 38 0.3 2 0.15 0.05200
21 7.3 40 0.2 2 0.1 0.05137
22 7 42 0.3 2 0.15 0.05214
23 6.8 44 0.2 2 0.1 0.05147
24 6.6 46 0.2 2 0.1 0.05152
25 6.4 48 0.2 2 0.1 0.05156
26 6.2 50 0.2 2 0.1 0.05161
27 6 52 0.2 2 0.1 0.05167
28 5.9 54 0.1 2 0.05 0.05085
29 5.7 56 0.2 2 0.1 0.05175
30 5.6 58 0.1 2 0.05 0.05089
31 5.6 60 0 2 0 0.05000
For reading no. 2
Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling n
Sr. No. Interface settling Rate
Z (cm) t (min) dZ dt dz/dt C (gm/cc)
1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0 0.05
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.05199

Zo 23.5 to 0
Zi 22.6 ti 2
dz = Zo - Zi 0.9 dt = ti - to 2

Co 0.05 Settling Flux (Gs)


0.05199 0.0234

CASE 3
Observation For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry
Case 3 Initial Concentration Co 0.07 gm/cc
Initial Height of Liquid Zo 23.5 cm

Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling n
Interface settling Rate
Sr. No. Z (cm) t (min) dZ dt dz/dt C (gm/cc)
1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0.07
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.07279
3 21.8 4 0.8 2 0.4 0.07257
4 21 6 0.8 2 0.4 0.07267
5 20.3 8 0.7 2 0.35 0.07241
6 19.6 10 0.7 2 0.35 0.07250
7 18.9 12 0.7 2 0.35 0.07259
8 18 14 0.9 2 0.45 0.07350
9 17.4 16 0.6 2 0.3 0.07241
10 16.8 18 0.6 2 0.3 0.07250
11 16.1 20 0.7 2 0.35 0.07304
12 15.7 22 0.4 2 0.2 0.07178
13 15 24 0.7 2 0.35 0.07327
14 14.6 26 0.4 2 0.2 0.07192
15 14.2 28 0.4 2 0.2 0.07197
16 13.8 30 0.4 2 0.2 0.07203
17 13.4 32 0.4 2 0.2 0.07209
18 13 34 0.4 2 0.2 0.07215
19 12.6 36 0.4 2 0.2 0.07222
20 12.2 38 0.4 2 0.2 0.07230
21 11.8 40 0.4 2 0.2 0.07237
22 11.5 42 0.3 2 0.15 0.07183
23 11.3 44 0.2 2 0.1 0.07124
24 11.1 46 0.2 2 0.1 0.07126
25 10.8 48 0.3 2 0.15 0.07194
26 10.5 50 0.3 2 0.15 0.07200
27 10.3 52 0.2 2 0.1 0.07136
28 10.1 54 0.2 2 0.1 0.07139
29 9.9 56 0.2 2 0.1 0.07141
30 9.7 58 0.2 2 0.1 0.07144
31 9.5 60 0.2 2 0.1 0.07147
32 9.3 62 0.2 2 0.1 0.07151
33 9.1 64 0.2 2 0.1 0.07154
34 8.9 66 0.2 2 0.1 0.07157
35 8.7 68 0.2 2 0.1 0.07161
36 8.6 70 0.1 2 0.05 0.07081
37 8.5 72 0.1 2 0.05 0.07082
38 8.4 74 0.1 2 0.05 0.07083
39 8.1 76 0.3 2 0.15 0.07259
40 7.9 78 0.2 2 0.1 0.07177
41 7.8 80 0.1 2 0.05 0.07090
42 7.6 82 0.2 2 0.1 0.07184
43 7.5 84 0.1 2 0.05 0.07093
44 7.3 86 0.2 2 0.1 0.07192
45 7.2 88 0.1 2 0.05 0.07097
46 7 90 0.2 2 0.1 0.07200
47 6.9 92 0.1 2 0.05 0.07101
48 6.8 94 0.1 2 0.05 0.07103
49 6.7 96 0.1 2 0.05 0.07104
50 6.6 98 0.1 2 0.05 0.07106
51 6.4 100 0.2 2 0.1 0.07219
52 6.3 102 0.1 2 0.05 0.07111
53 6.2 104 0.1 2 0.05 0.07113
54 6.1 106 0.1 2 0.05 0.07115
55 6 108 0.1 2 0.05 0.07117
56 5.8 110 0.2 2 0.1 0.07241
57 5.7 112 0.1 2 0.05 0.07123
58 5.5 114 0.2 2 0.1 0.07255
59 5.5 116 0 2 0 0.07000
60 5.5 118 0 2 0 0.07000
61 5.5 120 0 2 0 0.07000

For reading no. 2


Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling n
Sr. No. Interface settling Rate
Z (cm) t (min) dZ dt dz/dt C (gm/cc)
1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0 0.07
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.07279

Zo 23.5 to 0
Zi 22.6 ti 2
dz = Zo - Zi 0.9 dt = ti - to 2

Co 0.07 Settling Flux (Gs)


0.07279 0.0328

Batch SediMANTATION eXPERIMENT


25.0

20.0
Height Of Interface (Z0 cm

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0.0
0 20 40 60 80
Time Of Settling (t) min

For 3 wt% CaCO3 slurry For 5 wt% CaCO3 For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry

Result and Conclusion :


By performing the experiment it is evident that the settling time is less for few solid concentration i.e. a 3wt% solution settles the fastest whil
settles the last. This is due to the fact that for a lesser solid concentration the only forces acting on solid particles are force of gravity and
30 gm/1000ml
50gm/1000ml
70gm/1000ml

Settling Flux

(gm/cm2sec)
-
0.04196
0.04846
0.05388
0.04275
0.05878
0.04768
0.05006
0.01020
0.00659
0.00315
0.00316
0.00490
0.00585
0.00155
0.00596
0.00156
0.00077
0.00077
0.00157
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

Settling Flux

(gm/cm2sec)
-
0.04196

Settling Flux

(gm/cm2sec)
-
0.02340
0.02891
0.03459
0.03474
0.03203
0.03801
0.03238
0.03556
0.02988
0.02422
0.02731
0.01871
0.01595
0.01319
0.01047
0.00777
0.00778
0.00513
0.00780
0.00514
0.00782
0.00515
0.00515
0.00516
0.00516
0.00517
0.00254
0.00518
0.00254
0.00000

Settling Flux

(gm/cm2sec)
-
0.02340

Settling Flux

(gm/cm2sec)
-
0.03275
0.02903
0.02907
0.02534
0.02538
0.02541
0.03307
0.02172
0.02175
0.02557
0.01436
0.02564
0.01438
0.01439
0.01441
0.01442
0.01443
0.01444
0.01446
0.01447
0.01077
0.00712
0.00713
0.01079
0.01080
0.00714
0.00714
0.00714
0.00714
0.00715
0.00715
0.00715
0.00716
0.00716
0.00354
0.00354
0.00354
0.01089
0.00718
0.00354
0.00718
0.00355
0.00719
0.00355
0.00720
0.00355
0.00355
0.00355
0.00355
0.00722
0.00356
0.00356
0.00356
0.00356
0.00724
0.00356
0.00725
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

Settling Flux

(gm/cm2sec)
-
0.03275

ERIMENT
100 120 140

For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry

e. a 3wt% solution settles the fastest while 7wt% solution


olid particles are force of gravity and
t(min) For 3 wt% CaCO3
For 5 wt%
slurry
CaCO3
For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry
0 23.5 23.5 23.5
2 21 22.6 22.6 25.0
4 18.2 21.5 21.8
6 15.2 20.2 21
8 12.8 18.9 20.3 20.0
10 9.8 17.7 19.6
12 7.4 16.3 18.9
14 5.1 15.1 18 15.0
16 4.5 13.8 17.4
18 4.1 12.7 16.8
20 3.9 11.8 16.1 10.0 Batch Sedimentat
22 3.7 10.8 15.7
24 3.4 10.1 15
26 3.05 9.5 14.6 25.0 5.0
28 2.95 9 14.2
30 2.6 8.6 13.8
32 2.5 8.3 13.4 0.0
20.0
34 2.45 8 13 0 20
Height Of Interface (Z) cm

36 2.4 7.8 12.6


38 2.3 7.5 12.2
40 2.3 7.3 11.8 15.0
42 2.3 7 11.5
44 2.3 6.8 11.3
46 6.6 11.1 10.0
48 6.4 10.8
50 6.2 10.5
52 6 10.3
54 5.9 10.1 5.0
56 5.7 9.9
58 5.6 9.7
60 5.6 9.5 0.0
62 9.3 0 20 40
64 9.1
66 8.9
68 8.7
70 8.6
72 8.5
74 8.4
76 8.1
78 7.9
80 7.8
82 7.6
84 7.5
86 7.3
88 7.2
90 7
92 6.9
94 6.8
96 6.7
98 6.6
100 6.4
102 6.3
104 6.2
106 6.1
108 6
110 5.8
112 5.7
114 5.5
116 5.5
118 5.5
120 5.5
Batch Sdimentation Experiment
1.2

1
eight of interface (Z0 cm

0.8

0.6
Height of interface (Z0 cm
0.6

0.4

0.2

0
Time Of Settling (t) min

Series1 Series2 Series3


For 3 wt% CaCO3 slurry
For 5 wt% CaCO3
Batch Sedimentation Experiment For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry

40 60 80 100 120 140

60 80 100 120 140


Tie Of Settling (t) min
For 3 wt% CaCO3 slurry
For 5 wt% CaCO3
For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry
Observation For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry
Case 3 Initial Concentration Co 0.07 gm/cc
Initial Height of Liquid Zo 23.5 cm

Sr. No. Height of Time of Settling Concentratio


Interface settling Rate n
dZ dt

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc)


1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0.07
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.07279
3 21.8 4 0.8 2 0.4 0.07257
4 21 6 0.8 2 0.4 0.07267
5 20.3 8 0.7 2 0.35 0.07241
6 19.6 10 0.7 2 0.35 0.07250
7 18.9 12 0.7 2 0.35 0.07259
8 18 14 0.9 2 0.45 0.07350
9 17.4 16 0.6 2 0.3 0.07241
10 16.8 18 0.6 2 0.3 0.07250
11 16.1 20 0.7 2 0.35 0.07304
12 15.7 22 0.4 2 0.2 0.07178
13 15 24 0.7 2 0.35 0.07327
14 14.6 26 0.4 2 0.2 0.07192
15 14.2 28 0.4 2 0.2 0.07197
16 13.8 30 0.4 2 0.2 0.07203
17 13.4 32 0.4 2 0.2 0.07209
18 13 34 0.4 2 0.2 0.07215
19 12.6 36 0.4 2 0.2 0.07222
20 12.2 38 0.4 2 0.2 0.07230
21 11.8 40 0.4 2 0.2 0.07237
22 11.5 42 0.3 2 0.15 0.07183
23 11.3 44 0.2 2 0.1 0.07124
24 11.1 46 0.2 2 0.1 0.07126
25 10.8 48 0.3 2 0.15 0.07194
26 10.5 50 0.3 2 0.15 0.07200
27 10.3 52 0.2 2 0.1 0.07136
28 10.1 54 0.2 2 0.1 0.07139
29 9.9 56 0.2 2 0.1 0.07141
30 9.7 58 0.2 2 0.1 0.07144
31 9.5 60 0.2 2 0.1 0.07147
32 9.3 62 0.2 2 0.1 0.07151
33 9.1 64 0.2 2 0.1 0.07154
34 8.9 66 0.2 2 0.1 0.07157
35 8.7 68 0.2 2 0.1 0.07161
36 8.6 70 0.1 2 0.05 0.07081
37 8.5 72 0.1 2 0.05 0.07082
38 8.4 74 0.1 2 0.05 0.07083
39 8.1 76 0.3 2 0.15 0.07259
40 7.9 78 0.2 2 0.1 0.07177
41 7.8 80 0.1 2 0.05 0.07090
42 7.6 82 0.2 2 0.1 0.07184
43 7.5 84 0.1 2 0.05 0.07093
44 7.3 86 0.2 2 0.1 0.07192
45 7.2 88 0.1 2 0.05 0.07097
46 7 90 0.2 2 0.1 0.07200
47 6.9 92 0.1 2 0.05 0.07101
48 6.8 94 0.1 2 0.05 0.07103
49 6.7 96 0.1 2 0.05 0.07104
50 6.6 98 0.1 2 0.05 0.07106
51 6.4 100 0.2 2 0.1 0.07219
52 6.3 102 0.1 2 0.05 0.07111
53 6.2 104 0.1 2 0.05 0.07113
54 6.1 106 0.1 2 0.05 0.07115
55 6 108 0.1 2 0.05 0.07117
56 5.8 110 0.2 2 0.1 0.07241
57 5.7 112 0.1 2 0.05 0.07123
58 5.5 114 0.2 2 0.1 0.07255
59 5.5 116 0 2 0 0.07000
60 5.5 118 0 2 0 0.07000
61 5.5 120 0 2 0 0.07000

1 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 3% slurry 30 gm / 1000 ml


2 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 5% slurry 50 gm / 1000 ml
3 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 7% slurry 70 gm / 1000 ml
Settling Flux

(gm/cm2sec)
-
0.03275
0.02903
0.02907
0.02534
0.02538
0.02541
0.03307
0.02172
0.02175
0.02557
0.01436
0.02564
0.01438
0.01439
0.01441
0.01442
0.01443
0.01444
0.01446
0.01447
0.01077
0.00712
0.00713
0.01079
0.01080
0.00714
0.00714
0.00714
0.00714
0.00715
0.00715
0.00715
0.00716
0.00716
0.00354
0.00354
0.00354
0.01089
0.00718
0.00354
0.00718
0.00355
0.00719
0.00355
0.00720
0.00355
0.00355
0.00355
0.00355
0.00722
0.00356
0.00356
0.00356
0.00356
0.00724
0.00356
0.00725
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
For reading no. 2
Sr. No. Height of Time of Settling Concentratio Settling Flux
Interface settling Rate n
dZ dt

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc) (gm/cm2sec)


1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0 0.07 -
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.07279 0.03275
Zo 23.5 to 0
Zi 22.6 ti 2
dz = Zo - Zi 0.9 dt = ti - to 2
Co Settling Flux (Gs)

0.07 0.07279 0.03275

Result and Conclusion :


By performing the experiment it is evident that the settling time is less for few solid concentration i.e. a 3wt% solution settles the fastest
7wt% solution settles the last. This is due to the fact that for a lesser solid concentration the only forces acting on solid particles are force
gravity and
Settling Flux

sec)

solution settles the fastest while


on solid particles are force of
t(min) For 3 wt% CaCO3
For 5 wt%
slurry
CaCO3
For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry
0 23.5 23.5 23.5
2 21 22.6 22.6
4 18.2 21.5 21.8
6 15.2 20.2 21
8 12.8 18.9 20.3
10 9.8 17.7 19.6
12 7.4 16.3 18.9
14 5.1 15.1 18
16 4.5 13.8 17.4
18 4.1 12.7 16.8
20 3.9 11.8 16.1
22 3.7 10.8 15.7
24 3.4 10.1 15
26 3.05 9.5 14.6
28 2.95 9 14.2
30 2.6 8.6 13.8
32 2.5 8.3 13.4
34 2.45 8 13
36 2.4 7.8 12.6
38 2.3 7.5 12.2
40 2.3 7.3 11.8
42 2.3 7 11.5
44 2.3 6.8 11.3
46 6.6 11.1
48 6.4 10.8
50 6.2 10.5
52 6 10.3
54 5.9 10.1
56 5.7 9.9
58 5.6 9.7
60 5.6 9.5
62 9.3
64 9.1
66 8.9
68 8.7
70 8.6
72 8.5
74 8.4
76 8.1
78 7.9
80 7.8
82 7.6
84 7.5
86 7.3
88 7.2
90 7
92 6.9
94 6.8
96 6.7
98 6.6
100 6.4
102 6.3
104 6.2
106 6.1
108 6
110 5.8
112 5.7
114 5.5
116 5.5
118 5.5
120 5.5

You might also like