KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32

SAMPLE PAPER TEST 11 FOR BOARD EXAM (2022-23)

(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS (041) MAX. MARKS : 80
CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (4
marks each) with sub parts.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. The value of the expression ⃗ × ⃗ + ⃗. ⃗ is
(a) ⃗. ⃗ ( ) | ⃗|. ⃗ ( ) | ⃗| ⃗ ( ) ( ⃗. )⃗
Ans: ( ) | ⃗| ⃗

 2 x  1;  if  x  2

2. For what value of k the function f ( x)   k , x  2 is continuous at x = 2 ,
 3x  1; x2

(a) Any real value (b) No real value (c) 5 (d) 1/5
Ans: (c) 5

 a b 
3. If A =   and A2 = I, then
 c a
2
(a) a + bc – 1 = 0 (b) 1 – a2 + b c = 0 (c) a2 + bc +1 = 0 (d) a2 – bc +1 = 0
2
Ans: (a) a + bc – 1 = 0

dx
4. The Integrating factor of the differential equation (1  y 2 )  yx  ay is
dy
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans: (d)

5. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |A| = - 5 , then value of |− | is

(a) 125 (b) – 125 (c) 25 (d) – 25
Ans: (d) – 25

6. If ( ) = ,then (x) is
(a) +C (b) +C (c) +C (d) +C
Ans: (a) +C

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 4
d  dy  
7. The sum of the order and the degree of the differential equation    0 is
dx  dx  
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans: (c) 3

8. The value of (i  j ).k  ( j  k ).i  (k  i).j is

(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 3
Ans: (d) 3

9. Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP are (0, 3), (1,1) and (3,0). Let Z = px + qy, where
p, q > 0, be the objective function. The condition on p and q so that the minimum of Z occurs at
(3,0) and (1,1) is
q
(a) p = q (b) p  (c) p = 3q (d) p=q
2
q
Ans: (b) p 
2

dx
10.  9x  4 x2
equals

1  9x  8  1 1  8x  9 
(a) sin 1  C (b) sin  C
9  8  2  9 
1  9x  8  1  9x  8 
(c) sin 1  C (d) sin 1  C
3  8  2  8 
1  8x  9 
Ans: (b) sin 1  C
2  9 

11. If A is a 3 x 3 matrix and |A| = - 2 then value of |A(adjA)| is

(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) -8 (d) 8
Ans: (c) -8

12. Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP are (0, 2), (3, 0), (6, 0), (6, 8) and (0, 5).Let F =
4x + 6y be the objective function. The Minimum value of F occurs at
(a) (0, 2) only (b) (3, 0) only
(c) the mid point of the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0) only
(d) any point on the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0).
Ans: (d) any point on the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0).

x 2 6 2
13. If  , then x is equal to
18 x 18 6
(a) 6 (b) ±6 (c) -6 (d) 0
Ans: (b) ±6

14. If A is a square matrix of order 3, such that A(adjA) = 10 , then | | is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 101
Ans: (c) 100

15. Given two independent events A and B such that P(A) =0.3, P(B) = 0.6 and P( ’ ) is
(a) 0.42 (b) 0.18 (c) 0.28 (d) 0.12
Ans: (a) 0.42

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16. If y = 5e7x + 6e-7x,show that is equal to
(a) 7y (b) 6 (c) 49y (d) 36y
Ans: (c) 49y

17. The projection of ⃗ on ⃗, if ⃗. ⃗ =8 and ⃗ =2 ̂ + 6 ̂ + 3 .

8 2 2 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 3 9 5
8
Ans: (a)
7

18. If the direction cosines of a line are k, k, k then

(a) k > 0 (b) 0 < k< 1 (c) k = 1 (d) k= or k = -
√ √
Ans: (d) k= or k = -
√ √

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
 
19. Assertion(A) : The pair of lines given by r  i  j   (2i  k ) and r  2i  k   (i  j  k )
intersect .
Reason(R) : Two lines intersect each other, if they are not parallel and shortest distance = 0.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

 2  1  1  
20. Assertion (A) : The value of expression sec 1  1
  tan 1  sin  2  is 4
 3  
  
Reason (R) : Principal value branch of sin 1 x is   ,  and that of sec1 x is [0,  ]  { / 2}
 2 2
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

1  x2  1
21. Write the simplest form of tan 1 ,x  0
x
Ans: Put x  tan     tan 1 x
1  x2  1 1  tan 2   1
tan 1  tan 1
x tan 
 sec   1  1  1  cos      1
 tan 1    tan 
1
  tan tan     tan x
1

 tan    sin   2 2 2

OR
n  1,  if  nis
   odd  
Show that f ∶ N → N, given by  f (n)   is a bijection.
n  1,  if  nis
   even  
Ans: Injective test:
Case I: If n is odd:

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 Let x1 , x2  N such that f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )
f ( x1 )  x1  1, f ( x2 )  x2  1
As f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )  x1  1  x2  1  x1  x2
Case II: If n is even,
Let x1 , x2  N such that f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )
f ( x1 )  x1  1, f ( x2 )  x2  1
As f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )  x1  1  x2  1  x1  x2
∴ f is injective.
Surjection test:
Case I: If n is odd,
As, for every n ∈ N, there exists y = n − 1 in N such that,
f(y) = f(n − 1) = n – 1 + 1 = n
Case II: If n is even,
As, for every n ∈ N, there exists y = n + 1 in N such that,
f(y) = f(n + 1) = n + 1 – 1 = n
∴ f is surjective.
Since f is injective and surjective then, it is a bijection.

22. An edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 5cm per second. How fast is the volume
increasing when the side is 15 cm.
Ans: Let be the edge of the cube and be the volume of the cube at any time . Given, =
5 / , = 15
Since we know the volume of cube = ( ) i.e., = .
⇒ =3 ⋅

= 3 ⋅ (15) × 5 = 3375 /

     
23. If a  5i  j  7k b  i  j   k , then find the value of so that the vectors a  b a b
are orthogonal.
   
Ans: (a  b) and  (a  b) are orthogonal  
     
 ( a  b )  ( a  b )  0  | a |2  | b | 2  0
 
 | a || b | 25  1  49  1  1   2
 75   2  2   2  2  75   2  75  2  73
    73
OR
Find the direction ratio and direction cosines of a line parallel to the line whose equations are
6 − 2 = 3 + 1 = 2 − 4
Ans: The equations of the line are 6x – 2 = 3y + 1 = 2z – 4, which when written in standard
 2  1
symmetric form, will be 6  x    3  y    2(z  2)
 6  3
 2  1 2 1
6  x   3 y   x y
 
6
 
3  2( z  2)
  6 3  z2
6 6 6 1 2 3
So, d.r.’s of line are: 1, 2, 3
 1 2 3 
and the required direction cosines are  , , 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 

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  1 2 3 
 , , 
 14 14 14 

dy sin 2 (a  y)
24. If x sin(a  y )  sin a cos(a  y )  0 , then prove that 
dx sin a
Ans: Given ( + )+ ( + )=0
⋅
( + )
⇒ =− ⇒ =− ⋅ ( + )
( + )
Differentiating with respect to , we get
( + )
= ⋅ ( + )= ⇒ =
( + )
     
25. Find | x | if ( x  a )( x  a )  12 , where a is a unit vector.
   
Ans: ( x  a )  ( x  a )  12
       
 x  x  x  a  a  x  a  a  12
 
| x |2  | a |2  12
  
| x |2 1  12  | a | 1 as  a  is a unit vector 

| x |2  13

 | x | 13

SECTION – C
Questions 26 to 31 carry 3 marks each.
1
26. Evaluate:  9x 2
dx
 6x  5
Ans:

27. Probabilities of solving specific problem independently by A and B are and respectively. If
both try to solve the problem independently. Find the probability that (i) the problem is solved
(ii) exactly one of them solves the problems.
Ans: P(A)= and P(B) = ,P( ) = , P( ) =
(i) P(the problem is solved) =
(ii) P(exactly one of them solves) =

OR
From a lot of 30 bulbs which include 6 defectives, a sample of 4 bulbs is drawn at random with
replacement. Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs.
Ans: It is given that out of 30 bulbs, 6 are defective.
⇒ Number of non-defective bulbs =30 − 6 = 24

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 4 bulbs are drawn from the lot with replacement.
Let X be the random variable that denotes the number of defective bulbs in the selected bulbs.
4 4 4 4 256
 P(X  0)  P(4  non   defectiveand 0defective ) 4 C0     
5 5 5 5 625
3
1  4  256
4
P(X  1)  P(3  non   defectiveandldefective )  C1     
5  5  625
2 2
1 4 90
P(X  2)  P(2  non    defectiveand 2defective )  4 C 2      
5  5  625
3 1
1  4
4 16
P( X  3)  P( I non    defectiveand 3defective  )  C3       
 5   5  625
4 0
1 4
4 1
P(X  4)  P( O non   defectiveand 4defective )  C 4       
 5   5  625
Therefore, the required probability distribution is as follows
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 256/625 256/625 90/625 16/625 1/625

28. Evaluate : ∫
( ) ( )
Ans: Let =∫   =∫   ( )
( − )
=  =  −
1+ 1+
or 2 = ∫   or = ∫  
Put = so that − = .
when = 0, = 1 and = , = −1, we get

−
=  =  
2 1+ 1+

= [ ] = [ 1− 0] = −0 =
4 4

OR
Evaluate: ∫ | + 2| dx
Ans: | + 2| = {( + 2), ≥ −2 − ( + 2), < −2
∫  | + 2| = ∫   − ( + 2) + ∫  ( + 2)
= − −2 + +2 =29

29. Solve the differential equation: ( 1 – y2) (1 + logx) dx + 2xydy = 0

Ans: ( 1 – y2) (1 + logx) dx + 2xydy = 0
2 (1 + )
=−
1− 2
( )
Integrated both sides− |1 − | =− ∫
(By using substitution method)
(1 + )
− |1 − | = +
2

OR

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 Solve the differential equation x dy – ydx = + dx
Ans: x dy - y dx = + dx
= ,x≠ 0
It is a homogeneous diff. Eqn.
Put y = vx and = v+x

√
=
Integrated on both sides,we get
log + √1 + =log| | +

⇒ + 1+ =| |⇒( + + ) =

30. Minimize and maximize Z = 600x + 400y

Subject to the constraints: x + 2y ≤ 12; 2x + y ≤ 12; 4x + 5y ≤ 20; x≥ 0; y ≥ 0 by graphical 
method
Ans: Draw the graph of 2x + y = 12 ..... (i)
We get intersection of (i) with the coordinate axes at points (0,12) and (6,0)
Draw the graph of x + 2y = 12 ..... (ii)
We get the intersection of (ii) with the coordinate axes at points (06) and (120)
Draw the graph of 4x + 5y = 20 ..... (iii)
We get the intersection of (iii) with the coordinate axes at points (0,4) and (5,0)
Common shaded region is the feasible region with corner points (5,0),(6,0),(4,4),(0,6),(0,4)

Corner points Z = 600x + 400y

(0,4) 1600 minimum
(0.6) 2400
(4,4) 4000 maximum
(6,0) 3600
(5,0) 3000
Hence, Minimum value of z = 1600 at (0,4) and Maximum value of z = 4000 at (4,4)

31. Evaluate: ∫ ( )( )

Ans: Let = ∫ ( )( )

Put = ,∴ ( )( )
=( )( )
( ) ( )
Now, ( )( )
= + = ( )( )

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 ⇒ = ( + ) + (9 + 4 ) ⇒ + = 1 9 +4 =0
4 9
=− , =
5 5
4 9
∴ == − +
( + 4)( + 9) 5( + 4) 5( + 9)
4 9 4 1 9 1
⇒ =− + =− × + × +
5 +2 5 +3 5 2 2 5 3 3
2 3
=− + +
5 2 5 3

SECTION – D
Questions 32 to 35 carry 5 marks each.

32. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line y = x and the circle
x2 + y2 = 32.
Ans: The given equations are y = x ...(i)
and x2 + y2 = 32 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we find that the line and the circle meet at
B(4, 4) in the first quadrant. Draw perpendicular BM to the x-axis.

Therefore, the required area = area of the region OBMO + area of the region BMAB.
4 4 4
 x2  42 16
Now, the area of the region OBMO  ydx  xdx      0   8 sq. units …. (i)
0 0  2 0 2 2
4 2
4 2 4 2
2
 x 32  x 2 32 1  x  
Again, the area of the region BMAB =  ydx  
4 4
32  x dx  
 2
 sin 
2 
 4 2   4
 4 2 32  (4 2) 2 32     4 32  (4) 2 32 1  4  
1 4 2
   sin    sin 
 2 2  4 2    2 2 

4 2  
    
  1   
 [0  16sin 1 (1)]  8  16sin 1     16  2  8  16  4  [8  8  4 ]
  2 
 [4  8] sq. units
Required area = 8 + 4π – 8 = 4π
Therefore, the area is 4π square units.

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33. An insect is crawling along the line = = and another insect is crawling along the line
= = . At what points on the lines should they reach so that the distance between them
is the shortest? Find the shortest possible distance between them.
Ans: = = =k------(1)
= = = … … (2)
Lets take a point A on first line as A(k+3,-2k+5,k+7)
And B(7 -1, -6 − 1, − 1) be on the second line
The direction ratio of the line AB 7 − − 4, −6 + 2 − 6, − − 8
Now ,as AB is the shortest distance between line 1 and line 2 so,
(7 − − 4) × 1 + (−6 + 2 − 6) × (−2) + ( − − 8) × 1 = 0…..(3)
(7 − − 4) × 7 + (−6 + 2 − 6) × (−6) + ( − − 8) × 1 = 0….(4)
Solving equation 3 and 4 ,k=0, =0
∴ A is (3,5,7) and B(-1,-1,-1)
AB=2√29 units

OR
The equation of motion of a rocket are: x = 2t, y = -4t, z = 4t, where the time t is given in
seconds, and the coordinates of a moving point in km. What is the path of the rocket? At what
distances will the rocket be from the starting point O(0,0,0) and from the following line in 10
seconds?
⃗ = 20 ̂ − 10 ̂ + 40 + (10 ̂ − 20 ̂ + 10
x y 2
Ans: Eliminating t between the equations, we obtain the equation of the path   , which
2 4 4
are the equations of the line passing through the origin having direction ratios.
This line is the path of the rocket.
When t = 10 seconds, the rocket will be at the point (20, -40, 40).
Hence, the required distance from the origin at 10 seconds
202  402  402  km  20  3 km  60 km
The distance of the point (20, -40, 40) from the given line
  
| (a2  a1 )  b | | 30 j  (10i  20 j  10k )
   km
|b| |10i  20 j  10k |
| 300i  300k | 300 2
 km  km  10 3km
|10i  20 j  10k | 10 6

34. Show that the relation R on the set Z of all integers, given by R = {(a, b) : 2 divides (a – b)} is an
equivalence relation.
Ans: Given relation R = {(a, b) : 2 divides (a – b)} on the set Z of all integers
Reflexive: Let a ∈ Z
Since (a – a) = 0, which is divisible by 2 i.e., (a, a) ∈ R
∴ R is reflexive.
Symmetric: Let a, b ∈ Z
such that (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ (a – b) is divisible by 2
⇒ – (a – b) is also divisible by 2
⇒ (b – a) is divisible by 2 ⇒ (b, a) ∈ R
i.e., (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a) ∈ R
∴ R is symmetric.
Transitive: Let a, b, c ∈ Z
such that (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ (a – b) is divisible by 2
Let a – b = 2k1 where k1 is an integer ...(i)

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 and (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (b – c) is divisible by 2 ⇒ b – c = 2 k2 where k2 is an integer ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we have
(a – b) + (b – c) = 2 (k1 + k2) ⇒ a – c = 2 (k1 + k2) ⇒ (a – c) is divisible by 2.
OR
 x2
Let A = R − {3} and B = R − {1} . Prove that the function f : A→ B defined by f(x) =   is f
 x 3 
one-one and onto ? Justify your answer.
 x2
Ans: Here, A = R − { 3), B = R − {1} and f : A→ B is defined as f(x) =  
 x 3 
Let x, y ∈A such that f(x) = f(y)
x 2 y 2
   ( x  2)( y  3)  ( y  2)( x  3)
x 3 y 3
 xy  3x  2 y  6  xy  3 y  2 x  6
 3x  2 y  3 y  2 x
 3x  2 x  3 y  2 y  x  y

Therefore, f is one- one. Let y ∈B = R −{1} . Then, y ≠ 1

The function f is onto if there exists x ∈ A such that f(x) = y.
Now, f(x) = y
x2
  y  x  2  xy  3 y
x 3
 x(1  y)  3 y  2
2  3y
x  A [ y  1]
1 y
2  3y
Thus, for any y ∈B, there exists  A such that
1 y
 2  3y 
2
 2  3 y   1  y  2  3y  2  2y  y
f    y
 1  y   2  3 y   3 2  3 y  3  3 y 1
 1 y 
 
Therefore, f is onto. Hence, function f is one-one and onto.

 1 1 0   2 2 4
35. Given A = 2 3 4 and B =  4 2 4 , verify that BA = 6I, how can we use the result
 
   
 0 1 2  2 1 5 
to find the values of x, y, z from given equations x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 17
 1 1 0   2 2 4
Ans: We have A =  2 3 4 and B =  4 2 4
   
 0 1 2  2 1 5 
 1 1 0   2 2 4   2  4  0 2  2  0 4  4  0 
Now, AB   2 3 4  4 2 4    4  12  8 4  6  4 8  12  20 
    
 0 1 2  2 1 5   0  4  4 0  2  2 0  4  10 

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 6 0 0   1 0 0
 0 6 0  6  0 1 0
 
   
0 0 6   0 0 1 
1
 AB  61  A 1   B
6
 2 2 4 
1
 A  4 2 4 
1

6 
 2 1 5 
The given system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B, where
 1 1 0  x  3
A  2 3 4 , X  y , B  17 
   
     
 0 1 2   z   7 
 X  A1  B
 2 2 4   3   2  3  2  17  4  7 
1 1
 X  4 2 4 17  X  4  3  2  17  4  7 
  
6   6 
 2 1 5   7   2  3  1 17  5  7 
x   2 
  y    1  x  2, y  1, z  4
   
 z   4 

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.

36. Case-Study 1: Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.
Rohan, a student of class XII, visited his uncle’s flat with his father. He observe that the window
of the house is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircular opening having perimeter
10 m as shown in the figure.

(i) If a and y represents the length and breadth of the rectangular region, then find the relation
between x and y. Also, Find the expression of Area (A) of the window. [2]
(ii) Find the value of x for maximizing the Area (A) of whole window. [2]
(iii) Find the maximum area of the window.
OR
(iii) For maximum value of A, find the breadth of the rectangular part of the window. [2]
Ans: (i) Given, perimeter of window = 10
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 ∴ x + y + y + perimeter of semicircle = 10
x
⇒ x + 2y +  = 10 which is the relation between x and y
2
2
1  x  x  x  1  x2
Now, Area A  xy      x  5   
2  2  2 4  2 4
x2  x 2  x 2 x2  x 2
 5x     5x  
2 4 8 2 8
2 2
x x
(ii) We have, A  5 x  
2 8
dA x
  5 x
dx 4
dA x
 0 5 x 0
dx 4
x 20
5 x  x (4   )  20  x 
4 4 
2
d A 20
Clearly, 2  0 at x 
dx 4
2 2
20  20   20  1   20 
(iii) At x  , A  5  
     
4  4    4   2 8  4  
100 200 50
  
4   (4   ) (4   )2
2

(4   )100  200  50 400  100  200  50

 
(4   )2 (4   ) 2
200  50 50(4   ) 50
 2
 2

(4   ) (4   ) 4
OR
x x 1  
(iii) We have, y  5    5 x  
2 4 2 4
 2   20   2   
 5 x   5  
 4   4    4 
 2    20  5  10  5 10
 5  5  
 4   4 4 

37. Case-Study 2:
One day Shweta’s Mathematics teacher was explaining the topic Increasing and decreasing
functions in the class. He explained about different terms like stationary points, turning points etc.
He also explained about the conditions for which a function will be increasing or decreasing. He
took examples of different functions to make it more clear to the students. He then took the function
( ) = ( + 1)3( − 3)3 and ask the students to answer the following questions. With Shweta, you
can also test your knowledge by answering the questions

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 (i) Find the stationary points on the curve. [2]
(ii) Find the intervals where the function is increasing and decreasing? [2]
Ans: (i) We have, ( ) = ( + 1)3( − 3)3
 f  ( x )  3( x  1) 2 ( x  3)3  3( x  3)2 ( x  1)3  f  ( x)  3( x  1)2 ( x  3) 2 [ x  3  x  1]
 f  ( x)  3( x  1)2 ( x  3)2 (2 x  2)  f  ( x )  6( x  1)2 ( x  3)2 ( x  1)
For stationary points, f  ( x)  0  x  1,3,1
(ii) The points x = −1, x = 1, and x = 3 divide the real line into four disjoint intervals
i.e.,(−∞, −1), (−1, 1), (1, 3) and (3, ∞).
In intervals (−∞, −1) and (−1, 1), f′(x) = 6(x + 1)2(x − 3)2(x − 1) < 0
∴ f is strictly decreasing in intervals (−∞, −1) and (−1, 1).
In intervals (1, 3) and (3, ∞), f′(x) = 6(x + 1)2(x − 3)2(x − 1) > 0
∴ f is strictly increasing in intervals (1, 3) and (3, ∞).

38. Case-Study 3:
Mahindra Tractors is India’s leading farm equipment manufacturer. It is the largest tractor selling
factory in the world. This factory has two machine A and B. Past record shows that machine A
produced 60% and machine B produced 40% of the output(tractors). Further 2% of the tractors
produced by machine A and 1% produced by machine B were defective. All the tractors are put
into one big store hall and one tractor is chosen at random.

(i) Find the total probability of chosen tractor (at random) is defective.
(ii) If in random choosing, chosen tractor is defective ,then find the probability that the chosen
tractor is produced by machine ‘B’
Ans: (i) Let the probability that the product was made by Machine A be E1
Let the probability that the product was made by Machine B be E2
Let the probability that the product was defective be A
P(E1) = 60/100 = 0.6, P(E2) = 40/100 = 0.4
2% of items produced by A was defective
P(A∣E1) = 2/100 = 0.02
1% of items produced by B was defective
P(A∣E2) = 1/100 = 0.01
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 Total Probability, P(A) = P( E1 )  P( A∣E1 )  P( E2 )  P( A∣E2 )  0.6  0.02  0.4  0.01
 0.012  0.04  0.016
(ii) Using Bayes’ Theorem, Probability that the product was produced by machine B given it was
P ( E2 )  P ( A∣ E2 )
defective is P ( E2 ∣ A) 
P ( E1 )  P ( A∣ E1 )  P ( E2 )  P ( A∣ E2 )
0.4  0.01
  0.25
0.6  0.02  0.4  0.01
Hence, the probability that the product was produced by machine B given it was defective is 0.25

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