Cast in Plates
Cast in Plates
January 2016
©2016
European Assessment Document - EAD 330084-00-0601 2/18
The reference title and language for this EAD is English. The applicable rules of copyright refer to the document elaborated in and
published by EOTA.
This European Assessment Document (EAD) has been developed taking into account up-to-date technical and scientific knowledge
at the time of issue and is published in accordance with the relevant provisions of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 as a basis for the
preparation and issuing of European Technical Assessments (ETA).
Contents
1 Scope of the EAD ............................................................................................................................4
1.1 Description of the construction product 4
1.2 Information on the intended use of the construction product 7
1.2.1 Intended use ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.3 Working life/ Durability ......................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Specific terms used in this EAD 8
The construction product consists of one or several anchors (groups) welded to a steel plate. Depending
on the welding procedure the anchors are welded to the steel plate either in the manufacturing plant or
on the construction site (see "Welded joint"). The steel plate with welded-on anchors is embedded
surface-flush in the concrete.
In each direction
shall be met:
b1 ≤ 0.5 hn
and
t < 0.2 hn
In any direction:
b1 > 0.5 hn
or
t ≥ 0.2 hn
d1 = diameter of shaft
alternative head form: d2 = diameter of head
hef = effective anchorage depth
hn = nominal length of the anchor (after welding)
k = thickness of head
t = thickness of steel plate
β = inclination of head with 90° ≤ β ≤ 120°
b1 = spacing between anchor and edge of steel plate
Anchors
The anchors consist of steel or stainless steel. One of the ends of the anchor is provided with an anchor
head, the other one is prepared for welding. The shaft diameter is 25 mm at maximum. The ratio between
head diameter and shaft diameter is at least 1.6.
a) Headed studs of steel or stainless steel for arc stud welding with the dimensions and the symbol
"SD" according to Table 2 and 10 of EN ISO 13918:2008 [2]. It is also allowed to use two headed
studs welded on top of each other by means of arc stud welding (see Fig. 1.1). For this purpose a
padded ring shall be placed underneath the head of the first headed stud. This ring shall be secured
in its position and shall durably allow a compression of 5 mm. The padded ring can be, for
example, of technical felt or of cellular rubber. The external diameter of the padded ring shall
exceed the head diameter and the internal diameter shall be less than shaft diameter. The padded
ring is intended to prevent contact of the lower head with the concrete and a load transfer through
the lower head.
b) Anchor bolts with smooth shaft provided with an anchor head acc. Fig. 1.1 "alternative head form"
made of steel according to EN 10025 [3] or suitable stainless steel according to EN 10088-1+3 [4].
c) Anchors bolts of ribbed reinforcing steel B500B according to EN 1992-1-1, Annex C [5] provided
with an anchor head acc. Fig. 1.1 "alternative head form".
Steel plate
The steel plate shall be made of steel according to EN 10025-2 [3] or suitable stainless steels according to
EN 10088-1+3 [4].
In structures acted upon by tensile forces in the thickness direction of the steel plate, action shall be taken
to ensure that transmission of force in the thickness direction is satisfactory in view of the risk of lamellar
tearing in the steel plate.
Welded joint
Headed studs for arc stud welding according to [2] shall be welded to the steel plate by means of drawn
arc stud welding with ceramic ferrules or shielding gas (process 783 referred to in EN ISO 4063 [10] in
accordance with EN ISO 14555 [6]. Welding of the headed studs via arc stud welding may be performed in
the manufacturing plant or on the construction site.
The anchor bolts with smooth shaft or of ribbed reinforcing steel shall be welded to the steel plate via the
metal active gas welding (MAG welding with solid wire electrode - process 135 and MAG welding with flux
cored electrode - process 136 and MAG welding with metal cored electrode - process 138) according to
EN ISO 4063:2010 [10]. The anchor bolts shall be butt-welded to the steel plate with fillet welds.
Alternatively the anchor bolt may be inserted in a hole in the steel plate and welded with fillet welds.
The welding-on of the anchor bolts via MAG-welding may only be carried out in the manufacturing plant.
Concerning product packaging, transport, storage, maintenance, replacement and repair it is the
responsibility of the manufacturer to undertake the appropriate measures and to advise his clients on the
transport, storage, maintenance, replacement and repair of the product as he considers necessary.
It is assumed that the product will be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions or (in absence
of such instructions) according to the usual practice of the building professionals.
Relevant manufacturer’s stipulations having influence on the performance of the product covered by this
European Assessment Document shall be considered for the determination of the performance and detailed
in the ETA.
The steel plate with welded-on anchors shall be anchored in reinforced normal weight concrete of a
minimum strength class of C20/25 according to EN 206-1 [12]. They may be used in cracked and in non-
cracked concrete subject to static or quasi static actions.
The construction product can be acted upon by tension load, shear load or a combination of tension and
shear loads. The minimum thickness of the concrete member for the anchorage of the steel plate with
welded-on anchors results from the sum of the anchorage depth of the anchors, the height of the anchor's
head and the required concrete cover.
The steel plate with welded-on anchors is surface-flush embedded in the concrete. Further steel
components may be welded to the steel plate. When welding the steel members to the steel plate the
occurring thermal stress shall be considered. The installation conditions are shown in Figure 1.2.
Depending on the materials used for the steel plate with welded-on anchors it may be used in structures
subjected to the following categories (see for details section 2.2.11.2):
The steel plate with welded-on anchors is anchored in concrete by mechanical interlock between the anchor
and the concrete member.
The steel plate with welded-on anchors is intended to be used for anchorages which are designed according
to the design method given in CEN/TS 1992-4:2009 "Design of fastenings for use in concrete", part 1 and
2 [14].
It is assumed that the installation of the product will be undertaken in line with the manufacturer's product
installation instructions.
This EAD takes account of a reasonable degree of imperfection in relation to installation and thus control
methods on site after installation will in general not be necessary. This assumes, however, that gross errors
on site will be avoided by use of instructions and correct training of the installers and supervision on site.
The assessment methods included or referred to in this EAD have been written based on the manufacturer’s
request to take into account a working life of the fastener for the intended use of 50 years when installed in
the works (provided that the steel plate with welded-on anchors is subject to appropriate installation
(see 1.1)) These provisions are based upon the current state of the art and the available knowledge and
experience.
When assessing the product the intended use as foreseen by the manufacturer shall be taken into account.
The real working life may be, in normal use conditions, considerably longer without major degradation
affecting the basic requirements for works1.
The indications given as to the working life of the construction product cannot be interpreted as a guarantee
neither given by the product manufacturer or his representative nor by EOTA when drafting this EAD nor
by the Technical Assessment Body issuing an ETA based on this EAD, but are regarded only as a means
for expressing the expected economically reasonable working life of the product.
The specific terms used in this EAD are given in ETAG 001 [1].
1 The real working life of a product incorporated in a specific works depends on the environmental conditions to which that works
is subject, as well as on the particular conditions of the design, execution, use and maintenance of that works. Therefore, it
cannot be excluded that in certain cases the real working life of the product may also be shorter than referred to above.
©EOTA 2016 Z32036.16
European Assessment Document - EAD 330084-00-0601 9/18
Table 2.1 shows how the performance of the anchorage is established in relation to the essential
characteristics.
Table 2.1 Essential characteristics of the product and methods and criteria for assessing the
performance of the product in relation to those essential characteristics
2.2 Methods and criteria for assessing the performance of the product in
relation to essential characteristics of the product
The essential characteristics are only valid if the following conditions are reflected in the ETA and the
planning and fulfilled on jobsite:
(1) The following installation values have to be observed in the planning
- minimum member thickness,
- minimum edge distance of anchors,
- minimum spacing of the anchors,
- minimum effective anchorage depth.
(2) Steel plate with welded-on anchors to be installed ensuring not less than the specified minimum effective
anchorage depth. The edge distance and spacing of anchor have to be kept to the specified values.
(5) Use of the anchorage only as supplied by the manufacturer without exchanging the components.
(6) The steel plates with welded-on anchors are fixed on the formwork such that no movement of the steel
plates with welded-on anchors will occur during the time of laying the reinforcement and of placing and
compacting the concrete.
(7) The concrete under the head of the anchors are properly compacted.
(8) Welding of an attached element to the steel plate with welded-on anchors may only be performed by
companies meeting the corresponding quality requirements for welding according to EN ISO 3834 [15]
or by an equivalent welding qualification e.g. EN 1090-2 for the welding process in use.
2.2.1 General
Tests
For the individual tests the maximum loads shall be determined by indicating the failure mode. The
load/displacement curves shall be recorded.
In the load range concerned the load displacement curves shall have a steadily rising development. The
requirements specified in section 6.1.1.1 of Part 1 of ETAG 001 [1] apply.
The characteristic resistances are determined with reference to CEN/TS 1992-4:2009 [14].
The test is carried out on anchors not cast into concrete. The test shall be carried out per anchor with any
type of material.
When evaluating the test results the current dimensions and current steel strengths shall be taken into
account.
The characteristic resistance NRk,s shall be determined for the shaft diameter according to (1) and shall be
confirmed by means of the test series 1 of Table 2.3.
=
4
2
d 2 d12 (4)
For the verification of concrete cone failure CEN/TS 1992-4, part 2 [14] applies with the following values:
In each direction shall be met: b1 ≤ 0.5 (hn1+hn2) and t < 0.2 (hn1+hn2)
c) Single anchor with large steel plate and/ or large thickness or with small steel plate and large
thickness
hef = hn - k (7)
Characteristic spacing:
scr,N = 3hef
It is generally assumed that the concrete is cracked and that the occuring splitting forces are resisted by
the reinforcement acc. CEN/TS 1992-4-2, section 6.2.6.2 b).
2.2.6 Steel failure for headed studs without lever arm under shear load
The characteristic resistance VRk,s shall be determined for the shaft cross-section of the anchor with
reference to CEN/TS 1992-4:2009, part 2 [14].
= 0.6 (In [17] it is recommended, for anchor with welded steel plate, to use the -value with 0.6.)
The characteristic resistance VRk,c of fastening for anchors at the member edge under shear loading is
determined according to CEN/TS 1992-4:2009, part 2 [14].
2.2.9 Arc stud welding (drawn arc stud welding, process 783) for headed studs
Testing according to Table 1 of EN ISO 14555 [6] drawn arc stud welding, at minimum and maximum bolt
diameter.
The assessment of the welded joints for the headed studs according to [2] shall be performed in accordance
with Table 1 of EN ISO 14555 [6] at the minimum and maximum diameter.
2.2.10 MAG Welding (process 135, 136 and 138) for anchor bolts with smooth shaft and anchor
bolts of reinforcing steel
The verification of the fusion-welded joints when using anchor bolts with smooth shaft is performed via
tensile tests and impact bending tests at 60° with 3 samples each of the anchor bolt diameter.
nchor bolts of ribbed reinforcing steel is performed according to EN ISO 17660 + AC [9]. Three samples
per anchor bolt size shall be tested by tensile tests and three samples per anchor bolt size by impact
bending tests at 60°.
The weld seams according to quality level C according to EN ISO 5817:2014 [8].
The welding of the anchor bolt of reinforcing steel is according to EN ISO 17660:2006+ AC [9].
The displacements N∞ under long-term tension loading are assumed to be approximately equal to 2,0-times
the value N0. The displacements V∞ under long-term shear loading are assumed to be approximately equal
to 1,5-times the value V0. Under shear loading, the displacements might increase due to a gap between
fixture and anchor channel. The influence of this gap is taken into account in design.
2.2.12 Durability
No special tests are required, if the conditions given in section 2.2.10.2 are complied with.
Supporting evidence that corrosion will not occur is not required if the steel parts of the steel plate with
anchors are protected against corrosion, as set out below:
(1) steel plate with anchors intended for use in structures subject to dry, internal conditions:
No special corrosion protection is necessary for steel parts as coatings provided for preventing
corrosion during storage prior to use and for ensuring proper functioning zinc coating with a minimum
thickness of 5 microns) is considered sufficient.
©EOTA 2016 Z32036.16
European Assessment Document - EAD 330084-00-0601 15/18
(2) steel plate with anchors for use in structures subject to external atmospheric exposure (including
industrial and marine environments), or exposure in permanently damp internal condition, if no
particular aggressive conditions such as permanent or alternate immersion in seawater or the splash
zone of seawater, chloride atmosphere of indoor swimming pools or atmosphere with extreme
chemical pollution (e.g. in desulfurization plants or road tunnels, where de-icing materials are used)
exists:
Steel plates are made of stainless steel material 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4436 or 1.4439
according to EN 10088-4 and 5 [4] and anchors made of 1.4301, 1.4303, 1.4306 or 1.4307 according
to EN 10088-4 and 5 [4] can be used. Whereas the spacing between anchors and the edge of the
steel plate shall not be less than 50 mm, else the anchor shall be made of 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571,
1.4432, 1.4436 or 1.4439 according to EN 10088-4 and 5 [4].
The steel plate with anchors is considered to satisfy the requirements for performance class A1 of the
characteristic reaction to fire, in accordance with the provisions of Commission Decision 1996/603/EC (as
amended) on the basis of its listing in that decision.
For the products covered by this EAD the applicable European legal act is: Decision 1996/582/EC.
The system is: 1.
The cornerstones of the actions to be undertaken by the manufacturer of the anchorage in the procedure
of assessment and verification of constancy of performance are laid down in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 is an example only; the control plan depends on the individual manufacturing process and has to
be established between notified body and manufacturer for each product.
Raw material
4 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
[1] ETAG 001 Guideline for European technical approval for metal anchors for use in
concrete, June 1997
[2] EN ISO 13918:2008 Welding – Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding
[8] EN ISO 5817 Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
(beam welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections
[10] EN ISO 4063:2010 Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference
numbers
[11] EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures, Part 1-1: General rules and rules
for buildings (includes Corrigendum AC:2009)
[13] EN 1992-1-1
+ AC Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures, Part 1-1: General rules and
rules for buildings
[15] EN ISO 3834 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials
[17] Rolf, E., Mallée, R., Silva, J. F.: Anchorage in Concrete Construction. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin, 2006.
[19] Furche, J.: Zum Trag- und Verschiebungsverhalten von Kopfbolzen bei zentrischem
Zug". Doctor's thesis, University of Stuttgart, 1994.