Check 6 modal verbs Circle the correct answer. In one question all answers are correct. » A: I saw someone in my class cheat in our last exam and | didn't say anything. What do you think | (4) should / ought / need to do now? B: | think you (2) should say / should have said | had better say something at the time. You (3) could / may / might talk to a teacher in confidence now but it (4) could / may / might be too late for the school to take action. Whatever happens, | don’t think you (5) could / may / should be too hard on yourself. tes ‘Complete the conversations. Use one word in each gap. A ©. jon’t we watch a film at my place this evening? B: Good idea. I've got a new DVD. (7) ... bring it? A; I'm sorry, but you (8) only have one piece of hand luggage. B: But the last time | flew I (9) . .. allowed to bring two bags onto the plane. A: I'm afraid the regulations have changed. A: I don't feel well. I've got a headache. B: You'd (10) . not go to work today then. ‘A: Would you (11) ringing the office for me? ‘A: How’s your new job? B: It’s good. | don’t like (22) .. . to travel to London three days a week but | do like (23)... able to work from home the rest of the time. 18 3 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of must or need and the verbs in brackets. 44 You - any money with you if you don’t want to. | have plenty. (bring) 45 You. . here. IF you do, they'll tow your car away. (park) 36 |. myself— we'd already met. (introduce) 47 They. .. early tomorrow — they can lie in for a change. (get up) 18 You really .. the film — it’s brilliant! (see) 4g She bought three bottles of milk but she .. in the fridge. (do) 20 You .. There was plenty to ring me. Otherwise, I'll worry about you. (forget) Liz] Ba4 Complete the article. Use one word in each gap. When scientists dug up the fossilised bones of a camel in the Arctic, they (21) sinnmmat't believe their eyes, How was it possible that animals whose descendants usually live in hot desert areas were (22) orvsssmun 10 survive in the cold Canadian north? But these bones suggest that thousands of years ago the Arctic can’t have (23) a8 cold and barren as it is today and somehow, the camels (24)... able to find food and survive. Scientists know that the Earth's climate goes through cycles of warmer and cooler periods but they haven’! been able (25) ww» find out why these occur. They are sure that something (26) s..nml0l0|%»“®@ [affect the amount of heat the Earth receives from the sun. One suggestion is that in the past a thick cloud of ash and gas from a volcanic eruption might (27) blocked out the sun's heat, causing the Earth to cool. Another theory is that the Earth’s irregular orbit (28).. .. have taken it farther away from the sun. Either of these events could (29) corsormnn hd @ great impact on the climate. (30). w= we be in for another ice age? Some scientists believe that under normal circumstances, we would now be due for a cooling period. Against this, the greenhouse effect is warming the planet so the Earth (34) .. get warmer or cooler in the long term ~ NO ONE (32) .enmsnmnsnee BE certain. 5 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the word in bold. Use between two and five words. 33 The hills are often cold at night. can The hills .. at night. 34 | wish | could speak Japanese. able | would like .... sees Japanese. 35 He had the opportunity to go to university but decided not to. could He decided not to. 36 Iwas able to open the door only after pushing really hard. succeeded pushing really hard. 37 Would you advise me to call them? should Do YOU -s. them? 38 It wasn’t necessary for her to work at the weekend. have She. at the weekend. 39 Shall | make us something to eat? to us something sewees tO university but .. the door only after 40 Let’s go somewhere different tonight. going How . tonight? 18 Total: / 40 / Self-check Citi ere en ee 13, 21, 22, 24, 25, 4, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 Exercise 32 [a2 12, 14, 15,16, 17, Exercise 33 1, 2, 5) 10, 18, 37 3,6,7,8,9,11, Exercise 34 Exercise 35 85Modals: ability, permission. advice, criticism, obligation and necessity, degrees of certainty Unit 13 H Choose the correct answer. Choosing to gotoagym regularly (1) you regret! Good gyms have a lotto offer.They (2) change your life for the better. Don'tlet it bea decision . provide exercise equipment thatis just too expensive ‘to buy and their trained staff are (3)... to provide quality health and fitness advice.Butif you're planning to join 2 gym,you (4) uum definitely ask to look round before you become a member. ‘There are a number of things to bear in mind before choosing which gym to join. Before the law changed a few years ago, anyone (5) mn.ms set up @ gym and even today gyms employ trained fitness instructors. Find out what qualifications the staff have. If they're untrained, its best to go elsewhere. YoU (7) ..-nnu be put off by the gym’s hard sell. ust because they want you to sign up = they want your money, after all ~ that doesn’t mean you (8) decide there and then. See a few gyms before you make your final decision, Ask yourself: What kind of equipment and facilities do they have? There’ lite point joining a gym and then thinking a few months later (9) ....... have chosen a gym with a pool Do you (10) weer OOK equipment in advance, or can you just turn up and use it? How busy does the gym get? It (11) ........ be very pleasant tuming up to find there’s no room in the changing room and there's a huge queue for each piece of equipment. It (12) also be a good idea to talk to people who already go to that gym to find out their opinion. 1A must B would C should D will haveto 2 A an B could would D must 3 A made B forced c D able 4A should B would c D will 5 A an B could c D may 6 A mustnt B don'thave to c D shouldn't 7 A mustn't B couldn't € D mightn't BA can't B can c D haveto 9 A oughtto B must ¢ D can't 10 A able B must c D allowed 11 A wonthaveto 8 doesn'thaveto —C_ mustnt D won't 12 A must B might C hasto D ought to I Write one word in each gap. When | broke my arm a week ago, | guess it (1) www: to have hurt. But it didn’t! We were doing PE at school, and we were making a pyramid, We (2) to stand on each other's shoulders. Iwas right at the top. We (3) . have been doing it properly because suddenly the pyramid collapsed and we all fell. landed on my arm, Mr Jenkins (4) .» have known immediately that Id broken my arm because he sent someone to call an ambulance. ‘Sit stil, and don’t move your arm at all until the ambulance comes,’ he said. (5). still remember the feeling - my arm was numb, and looked very strange, but there was no pain at all.! remember thinking:'Tt (6) .1...m-emu« be broken. tf it was broken, fd be in agony’ I suppose not feeling any pain (7) have been because | was in shock. The plaster (8) ...munuesum COME Off in about three weeks but it (9)... have to stay on. longer. it depends on whether the break has healed properly or not.The next three weeks may (10) be the best three weeks of my life —no basketball, no playing in the playground, no swimming —but 'm counting my blessings. It (11) have been a lot worse!