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Parts and Function of Light Microscope

The microscope became a recognizable symbol of science by allowing scientists to observe and discover the "invisible world" through magnification. Microscopes use one or more lenses to produce enlarged images of small objects, with compound microscopes providing higher magnification through multiple lenses. Proper use of a compound microscope involves adjusting mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying parts to bring specimens into clear focus for observation and analysis.

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Aldous Joaqui Isleta
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71 views

Parts and Function of Light Microscope

The microscope became a recognizable symbol of science by allowing scientists to observe and discover the "invisible world" through magnification. Microscopes use one or more lenses to produce enlarged images of small objects, with compound microscopes providing higher magnification through multiple lenses. Proper use of a compound microscope involves adjusting mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying parts to bring specimens into clear focus for observation and analysis.

Uploaded by

Aldous Joaqui Isleta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Why do you think microscope

became one of the recognizable


symbol of Science?

the microscope has allowed scientists


to make discoveries about the
“invisible world.”
Microscopes
- these are instruments designed to
produce magnified visual or photographic
images of small objects.
- These are composing of one or more
lenses that make an enlarged image of
an object.
- combination of two word, micro
“small” and scope “view”
Light Microscopes
- It is also known as “optical
microscope”
- It is a biology laboratory instrument or
tool, that uses visible light to detect and
magnify very small objects and enlarge
them.
Two Types of Light Microscope
Simple Microscope – a microscope
that uses a single lens
Compound Microscope – uses a set
of lenses or lens systems.
What do you think is the best example
for a simple microscope?
- The best example for a simple
microscope is a magnifying glass.
Compound Microscopes
Compound Microscopes

Mechanical Parts Illuminating Parts

Magnifying Parts
Mechanical Parts of the Microscope
Base – bottommost portion that supports
the entire/lower microscope

Pillar – part above the base that supports


the other parts

Inclination Joint – allows for tilting of the


microscope for convenience of the user.
Mechanical Parts of the Microscope
Arm/Neck – curved, slanted part which is
held while carrying the microscope.

Stage – Platform where object to be


examined is placed.

Stage Clips – secures the specimen to the


stage.
Mechanical Parts of the Microscope
Body Tube
- Attached to the arm and bears the
lenses.

Draw Tube
- Cylindrical structure on top of the body
tube that holds the ocular lenses.
Mechanical Parts of the Microscope
Revolving/Rotating Nosepiece
- A rotating disc where the objectives are
attached.
Dust Shield
- Lies atop the nosepiece and keeps dust
from settling on the objectives.
Mechanical Parts of the Microscope
Coarse Adjustment Knob
- Geared to the body tube which elevates
or lowers when rotated.
- Bringing the object into approximate
focus.
Fine Adjustment Knob
- A smaller knob for delicate focusing,
bringing the object into perfect focus.
Illuminating Parts
Mirror- located beneath the stage and has
concave and plane surfaces to gather and
direct light in order to illuminate the object.

Electric Lamp – a built-in illuminator


beneath the stage that may be used if
sunlight is not available.
Sub stage of Illuminating Parts
Iris Diaphragm
- Regulates the amount of light necessary
to obtain a clearer view of the object.

Condenser
- A set of lenses between the mirror and
the stage that concentrates light rays to the
specimen.
Magnifying Parts
Ocular/Eyepiece
- Another set of lens found on the top of
the body tube which functions further
magnify the image produced by the
objective lenses.
- It usually ranges from 5x to 15x.
Magnifying Parts
Objectives
- Metal cylinders attached below the nosepiece
and contains especially polished lenses.
Types of Objectives
• LPO/Low Power Objectives – give the lowest
magnification (10x)
• HPO/High Power Objectives – give the higher
magnification (40x up to 43x)
• OIO/ Oil Immersive Objectives – give the
highest magnification (97x to 100x) and is used
wet either with cedar wood oil or synthetic oil
How to use a Compound Microscope?
• Always carry the microscope with one hand on
the arm and one hand on the base. Carry it close
to your body.
• Be gentle, setting the microscope down on the
table roughly may cause the lenses and parts to
loose.
• Place the slide on the microscope stage, with the
specimen directly over the center of the glass
circle on the stage (directly over the light)
How to use a Compound Microscope?
• If you wear glasses, take them off; if you see only your eyelashes,
move closer.
• If you see dark line that goes part way across the field of view, try
turning the eyepiece.
• Use only fine adjustment knob when using high power
objectives.
• As much as possible, keep both eyes open to reduce eyestrain.
Keep eye slightly above the eyepiece to reduce eyelash
interference.
• If you are on low power, lower the objective lens to the lowest point
using the coarse knob then focus using the fine adjustment knob.
How to use a Compound Microscope?
• Adjust the diaphragm as you look through the eyepiece, and you
will see more detail is visible when you allow in a lesser light
• Too much light will give the specimen a washed out appearance.
Important properties of microscope
Magnification
-it is the ratio of the size of an object seen under microscope to the
actual size.
- The total magnification of microscope is calculated by
multiplying the magnifying power of the objective lens by the
magnifying power of ocular lens.
Important properties of microscope
Resolution
- Limiting distance between two points at which they are perceived
as distinct from one another.
- Also known as resolving power
Numerical Aperture
- Deals with the amount of light that enters the objective
- Always remember that the higher NA, the greater resolving
power
Mounting
Glass slide
- thin flat piece of glass, typically 3x1 inches and about 1mm thick.
- This is being used to hold a specimen to be observed
Cover slip
- Used for covering and protecting the specimen in glass slide.
Procedures while putting a specimen on a glass
slide.
1. Gather only a thin piece/slice of whatever
your specimen is. If your specimen is too thick,
then the cover slip will wobble on top of the
sample like a see-saw;
Procedures while putting a specimen on a glass
slide.
2. Place one drop of water directly over the
specimen.
3. Place the coverslip at a 45 degree angle, with
one edge touching the water drop, and let go.
Staining

• This is a technique in microscopy that is used


to enhance the image of the specimen.
• This is used for an easy distinguishing of
structures of tissues and cells.
How to Stain a Slide
How to Stain a Slide
How to Stain a Slide
How to Stain a Slide
How to Stain a Slide
How to Stain a Slide

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