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Module 1.1 Anti-Differentiation Formulas

This document provides an overview of integration and anti-differentiation in calculus. It defines integration as the reverse process of differentiation and finding the area under a curve. Several integration formulas and rules are presented, along with examples of evaluating definite integrals using substitution and recognizing formulas. The key steps of integration include taking the antiderivative of the integrand and adding the constant of integration.

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Tonton Sipagan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Module 1.1 Anti-Differentiation Formulas

This document provides an overview of integration and anti-differentiation in calculus. It defines integration as the reverse process of differentiation and finding the area under a curve. Several integration formulas and rules are presented, along with examples of evaluating definite integrals using substitution and recognizing formulas. The key steps of integration include taking the antiderivative of the integrand and adding the constant of integration.

Uploaded by

Tonton Sipagan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTEGRATION / ANTI-DIFFERENTIATION

DIFFERENTIATION
‘’Derivative of f(x)”
Calculus 1 𝑑 𝑑
′ or 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) or 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)

“ integral of g(x) w/
respect to x” ∫ 𝑑𝑥
Calculus 2
∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + C
INTEGRATION
C: arbitrary constant

NOTE: ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝐶 if 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)


 𝐹(𝑥): ANTI-DERIVATIVE of 𝑓(𝑥)
 𝑓(𝑥) is called the INTEGRAND and C is said to be the CONSTANT OF
INTEGRATION
EXAMPLES : Since
𝑑
1. sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 , then ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + C
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
2. 𝑥3 = 3𝑥 2 , then ∫ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 +C
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2𝑥 2𝑥
3. = 2𝑥 , then ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C
𝑑𝑥 ln 2 ln 2
𝑑 1 1
4. Arctanx = , then ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = Arctanx +C
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2

INTEGRATION FORMULAS
1. ∫ 𝑘 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 , where k is any non-zero constant
2. ∫ (𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ± ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑛 + 𝐶 , if n ≠ -1
3. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = { 𝑛+1
ln|𝑥| + 𝐶 , n= − 1
In particular, ∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝐶
4. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶
5. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶
6. ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶
7. ∫ csc 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cot 𝑥 + 𝐶
8. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + 𝐶
9. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑎𝑥
10.∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + C , where 1 ≠ 𝑎 is a positive constant
ln 𝑎
In particular, ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
1
11.∫ 𝑑𝑥 = Arctanx +C
1+𝑥 2
1
12.∫ 𝑑𝑥 = Arcsinx +C
√1−𝑥 2
1
13.∫ 𝑑𝑥 = Arcsecx +C
𝑥√𝑥 2 −1

EXAMPLES: Evaluate each integral.

𝑥5 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2
1. ∫(5𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 9) 𝑑𝑥 = 5 −8 +9 −2 + 9𝑥 + 𝐶
5 4 3 2

= 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 𝐶

NOTE: If the integrand is not a formula, then rewrite it into a sum of integration
formulas.

2 −4
5𝑣 2 +6 𝑣2 6
2. ∫ 4 = ∫ ( 4 + 4) 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (5𝑣 + 6𝑣 ) 𝑑𝑣 3 3
𝑣3 𝑣3 𝑣3
𝑣 5/3 𝑣 −1/3
=5( 5 )+6 ( −1 )+C
3 3

18
= 3 𝑣 5/3 − +C
𝑣 1/3

sin(2𝑥) 2 sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥


3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
4. ∫ = tan 𝑥 − sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
1+sin 𝑥

1 1 1−sin 𝑥 1−sin 𝑥 1 sin 𝑥


Rewrite: = = = −
1+sin 𝑥 1+sin 𝑥 1−sin 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥

cos 2 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 sec x tan x

6𝑥
5. ∫ 2𝑥 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
ln 6

3𝑥 2 +4
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 + Arctanx+C
𝑥 2 +1

1
3+ ( division)
𝑥2 +1

Practice Set : Evaluate each integral.

1 2
1. ∫ (𝑥 + ) √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 5/2 + 2𝑥 1/2 + 𝐶
𝑥 5

1 1 1 1
2. ∫ (6 + − ) 𝑑𝑥 6𝑥 − + +𝐶
𝑥4 𝑥2 3𝑥 3 𝑥

16
3. ∫(4𝑥 + 3)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 𝐶
3

(𝑥 2 −𝑥)2 1
4. ∫ dx 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 |𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑥3 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 x – cos x + C
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑣
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑣 tan (v) + v + C
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑣

9𝑥 3𝑥
7. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +𝐶
3 ln 3

8. ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 tan x – cot x + 3x + C

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