Module 1.4 Definite Integral
Module 1.4 Definite Integral
Definite Integral is an integral expressed as the difference between the values of the integral at
specified upper and lower limits of the independent variable.
then
𝐛
∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 = 𝐅(𝐛) − 𝐅(𝐚)
b
where: F(x) is any antiderivative of f(x) on 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 ]> F(x ) = F(b) – F(a)
a
a and b are called the lower limit and b the upper limit of integration, respectively
NOTE:
The definite integral is a specified number while the indefinite integral is a family of functions.
Properties of the Definite Integral. The following properties are easy to check:
Theorem. If f (x) and g(x) are defined and continuous on [a, b], then we have the following
linearity principle for the integral:
𝐛 𝐛
1. ∫𝐚 𝐤𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 = 𝐤 ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 . k is constant
𝐛 𝐛 𝐛
2. ∫𝐚 [(𝐱) + 𝐠(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 + ∫𝐚 𝐠(𝐱)𝐝𝐱)
𝐛 𝐛 𝐛
3. ∫𝐚 [(𝐱) − 𝐠(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 − ∫𝐚 𝐠(𝐱)𝐝𝐱)
𝐚
4. ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = 𝟎
𝐛 𝐚
5. ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = − ∫𝐛 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱
𝐛 𝐜 𝐛
6. ∫𝐚 𝒇(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 + ∫𝐜 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱)
𝟎
∫−𝟏(3 − 2𝑥)dx = [3x - x2 ] = [3(0) - (0)2 ] - [3(-1) - (-1)2 ] = 4
2
3. ∫1 (2𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥
SOL’N
= 23/3
2
∫1 (2𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 23/3
4. VERIFY THAT
5 5 3 5
4.1 ∫2 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 78 AND ∫2 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫2 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫3 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 78
5
4.2 ∫5 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
EXERCISES:
3
1. ∫2 4(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 85
2
2. ∫0 3(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 66
8 4
3. ∫1 3 𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 18
√x
4
4. ∫1 −2(𝑥 −1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 42 – ln16
ᴫ/2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
5. ∫0 1−sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: ᴫ/2 + 1
AREA PROBLEM
FINDING THE AREA USING THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM
Find the area of the region under the line y = 2x over the interval 0 < x < 2
SOL’N:
2
The area A is given by the definite integral A = ∫0 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
A = 4 sq.units
THE figure shows the region bounded by the GRAPH OF y = 2x x-axis and the vertical line x=2 .
Note that this is the area of the triangle (A=bh/2) where b = 2 and h = 4 .
WHAT is the area of the region under the line y = 2x Over the interval 1 < x < 2?