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Raphex 2000 Exam Answers

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Sandri Arrieta Marqz
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277 views30 pages

Raphex 2000 Exam Answers

Uploaded by

Sandri Arrieta Marqz
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General + Answers * GI. E The energy absorbed by a mass of air from x- or 7 rays per roentgen is a constant, 8.7 mGy/R. It can be calculated by multiplying the number of ion pairs produced per kg per R by the average energy necessary to produce one ion pair (w) and converting the product from eV to joules. w= 33 eV/ion pair. G2. C All x-rays, gamma and betas used for diagnostic and therapy procedures have Q or» Ws = 1.0. For neutrons the RBE varies with energy, but for protection a “worst case” value of 20s used. See NCRP Report 116 (1993). G. Cc G4. OB G5. D 1 rad = 100 ergig. The SI unit for dose is the gray; I gray = I joule/kg, Gs. OB G7. C _ Inbeta minus decay, a neutron changes into a proton, with the emission of a beta minus particle (electron) and an antineutrino, The latter two share the available energy. G8. D Pair production occurs in the electric field of the nucleus when a photon of energy at least 1,022 MeV disappears and an electron and positron are created, G9. A When a neutron is absorbed by the nucleus ofa ®°U atom, fission occurs. Several neutrons are emitted when the nucleus splits apart. These neutrons can cause fission in adjacent ®5U muclei, causing a chain reaction, Some of the fission products in reactor fuel rods are used in medicine (e.g., Cs}, G10. B Alpha particles consist of 2 protons, each with a charge of +1, and 2 neutrons, chosge 0. GII. D The neutron has no charge. GI2 EF GI3. Cc G14, DA photon carries energy but no charge. . Raphex 2000 t General Answers ® GIS. A Isotopes are forms of the same element and thus have the same atomic number Z (the number of protons), but different numbers of neutrons, and thus different A (neutrons plus protons). Isobars have the same A but different Z. Isomers have the same A and 7. but different energy states. Isotones have the same number of neutrons but different Z. G16. C The mass number, A, is the number of protons plus neutrons. Since there are 6 electrons, there must be 6 protons. The neutron number is therefore 13 — GI7, D_ The hydrogen nuclens has only one proton, so Z/A = 1. For most materials, with about the same number of protons and neutrons, Z/A is approximately 1/2. Therefore, hydrogen has twice the number of electrons per gram as most other materials. G18. B The binding energy increases approximately as the square of the atomic number. Gin. c In general, the maximum number of electrons in a shell of quantum number n is 2n (However, the maximum number in the outer shell is 8; hence, 8 groups in the periodic table). G20. D After n half-lives, the activity of a source is reduced to (1/2)" times its initial activity. G21. D ‘The decay constant, 2, is the fraction of radioactive atoms which will decay per unit time. In this case, 4.=0.01 per hr. The relationship between A and halflife is: Ty = 0.693. In this case: T,,. = 0.693/0.01 = 69.3 hours. G22. E Activity at time t = Ao exp. -(0.693t/T 2) = 1.0 exp. -(0.693 x 15/74) = 0.87 mCi. G23. A (Tq) = (47) +071) IfT,<

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