Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

GERIATRIC HOSPITAL
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter I – The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the Study
1.3 Significance of the Study
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.4.1 Project Objectives
1.4.2 Design Objectives
1.5 Statement of the Problem
1.6 Theoretical Framework
1.7 Conceptual Framework
1.8 Scope and Delimitation
1.9 Definition of Terms
1.10 Acronym
Chapter II – Review of Related Literature
2.1 Foreign Studies
2.1.1. Case Study: Santa Rita Geriatric Center
2.1.2. Case Study: Haus Steinfeld Retired Senior Centre
2.1.3. Colour and Lighting in Hospital Design
By Hilary Dalke & Jenny Little, et. al (2005)
2.1.4. Planning and Architecture Design of Elderly Care Facilities
By Ming Xu (2022)
2.1.5. Aesthetics and Architecture of Care Environments
By Freja Ståhlberg-Aalto (2019)
2.2 Local Studies
2.2.1 Harvesting Gold From Neighbors’ Golden Years:
A case study Of International Retirement
Migration In Tagaytay City, Philippines
By Emelyn Michelle Daez (2019)
2.2.2. Compliance with Standards of Geriatric
Nursing Home Facilities in the Philippines:
An Evaluation Study
By Van Andrew V. Villaverde (2019)
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

2.3 Synthesis
Chapter III – Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2. Data Analysis and Presentation
3. 2.1 Site Criteria
3. 2.1.1 Site Selection
3. 2.1.2 Site Justification
3.2.2 Site Data
3. 2.2.1 Macro Site
3. 2.2.2 Micro Site
3. 2.3 Site Analysis
3. 2.3.1 SWOT Analysis
3. 2.4 User’s Analysis
3. 2.4.1 User’s Demography
3. 2.4.2 Organizational Structure
3. 2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern/Analysis
Chapter IV – Architectural Programming
Spatial Organization
4.1 Spatial Identification
4.1.1. Staffing Requirements
4.1.2 Definition of Spatial elements
4.1.2.1 Qualitative Elements
4.1.2.2 Quantitative Elements
4.2 – Graphical and Spatial Programming
4.2.1 – General Spatial Elements
4.2.1.1 – General Matrix Diagram
4.2.1.2 – General Bubble Diagram
4.2.2 – Specific Spatial Elements
4.2.2.1 – Specific Matrix Diagram
4.2.2.2 – Specific Bubble Diagram
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1. Introduction

At the beginning of the Christian era, hospitals were first built to provide shelter for
sick or weary travelers and people who were too poor or unwell to receive care away
from home. Through the millennia, the hospital's role and purpose have undergone
metamorphic change. It must be acknowledged that exceptional hospitals are not
created solely by brick and mortar. The way healthcare is delivered is undergoing
significant change. Future hospitals' architecture design and planning have been directly
touched by this and are still being influenced by it. Healthcare provisioning has emerged
as one of the most complex and dynamic services in the modern world.

The number of older people who are no longer able to look after themselves in
developing countries is forecast to quadruple by 2050. Many of the very old lose their
ability to live independently because of limited mobility, frailty or other physical or mental
health problems. Many require some form of long-term care, which can include home
nursing, community care and assisted living, residential care and long stays in hospitals.
[1] This growth will certainly pose a challenge to country governments, particularly to the
developing countries, in caring for their aging population. In the Philippines, the
population of 60 years or older was 3.7 million in 1995 or 5.4% of total population. In the
CY 2000 census, this has increased to about 4.8 million or almost 6% (NSCB). At
present there are 7M senior citizens (6.9% of the total population), 1.3M of which are
indigents. With the rise of the aging population is the increase in the demand for health
services by the elderly. A study done by Racelis et al (2003) on the share of health
expenditure of Filipino elderly on the National Health Account, the elderly are “relatively
heavy consumers of personal health care (22%) and relatively light consumers of public
health care (5%).” From out-of-pocket costs, the aged are heavy users of care provided
by medical centers, hospitals, non-hospital health facilities and traditional care facilities.
[2] The implications of this on Philippine development are significant, specifically on
social welfare dimensions. An important point in this regard is the quality of life of the
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
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elderly i.eBeyond ensuring their basic survival needs of food and health, an enabling
environment should be nurtured by way of support services and opportunities for senior
citizens to continue their self-development and to contribute to community and national
development. [3]

In relation with this, Geriatrics is distinct from typical adult medicine since it is
focused on the special requirements of the aged. The aging body differs physiologically
from the adult body of youth, and as people age, numerous organ systems start to
degenerate. Different people experience different combinations of diseases and
symptoms due to their lifestyle choices and prior health conditions. The organs'
remaining healthy reserves determine whether symptoms manifest. The rise in aging-
related degenerative diseases and changing lifestyles that results from an older
population has a direct impact on the demand for health services. Both communicable
and non-communicable diseases affect the elderly, and their already compromised
senses such as eyesight, hearing, and balance make matters worse. The elderly are
more likely to contract communicable diseases as a result of poor lifestyle choices,
immune system deterioration, and age-related physiologic changes. More than 50% of
people over the age of 70 have one or more chronic illnesses. The treatment provided to
elderly patients in hospitals is far from ideal. The effectiveness of various geriatric
models of care has been demonstrated, but the effect sizes are modest, and the models
are challenging to completely adopt, maintain, and reproduce. Competing interests that
are very profitable illnesses, procedures, and surgeries and present hospital cultures are
the two main drivers of these deficiencies. An example of this is a culture of safety that
emphasizes bed alarms and immobility rather than frequent ambulation. Geriatric
hospitals are facilities entirely devoted to the care of elderly people who are particularly
susceptible to the harmful effects of hospitalization. They would be different from a
conventional adult hospital in that they could put evidence-based geriatric care model
principles into practice across the whole hospital, making them sustainable and enabling
scaling up of successful outcomes. Innovative structural designs would increase
movement while retaining safety, something that is impossible in a conventional adult
hospital. Due to the cost savings associated with geriatric models of care, financial
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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viability and stability would be difficult to achieve but should be possible through
affiliation with larger health care systems and other hospitals.

This study of geriatric hospitals aims for the patient to be the center of attention for all
operations in a healthcare organization, and meeting their demands as well as those of
the attendants and staff calls for multifaceted techniques, one of which is hospital design.
There are countless examples that show how a well-planned hospital setting can
significantly affect a patient's recovery and wellbeing. The intense consideration for the
needs of patients, staff, and visitors accounts for a large portion of the hospital's
architectural strength. The fundamental principles of architecture with respect for
function, structural integrity, temporal awareness, environment integration, and
expression of meaning that remain relevant today. The setting must restore patients'
dignity and provide visitors, staff, and patients with comfort and safety, according to the
art and science of hospital design.

1.2. Background of the Study

In the Philippines, the idea of sending old family members to institutional care such
as nursing homes continues to receive a negative perception (Villaverde, 2019). Filipinos
believe that caring for a family member is a filial responsibility and should not be
transferred to an external institution. Hence, nursing homes in the Philippines, which are
mostly run by the government and NGOs, care for those elderly people who are
generally abandoned by their families. It is only recently that private nursing homes were
established to care elderly people whose families can afford to pay for the cost of
professional geriatric care. The trend in nursing homes is gradually changing, due to the
changing social dynamics brought about by globalization and industrialization in the
country. For people who have less time and means to care for their aged parents or
grandparents but have the financial capability to do so, the idea of professional care in
nursing homes becomes a welcome alternative. In 1985, the Philippines government
created the Philippines Retirement Authority (PRA to attract and assist foreign nationals
to invest and retire in the country through land and real estate investment schemes. Now
under the Department of Tourism, the program has been coupled with government
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
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efforts to promote the Philippines as a tourist and retirement haven in the region.
Processes for retirement visa application and entry to the Philippines have become
easier to make the country a top choice for foreign retirees. In fact, the PRA (2013)
reports a surge of retirement facilities being established in the following provinces: Cebu,
Batangas, Laguna, Tagaytay (in Cavite), Pampanga and Subic (in Zambales). The
retirement market in the country has now expanded to include institutional and home-
based care for elderly clients needing medical and daily care. Several caring institutions
in the Philippines have begun to cater to elderly foreign nationals for long-term care.
These nursing homes have accommodated elderly patients of various nationalities:
American, Canadian, Chinese and Japanese among others.

In Cavite, the municipality of Alfonso is a first-class municipality. The Philippine

Statistics Authority estimates that there are 59,306 people living there in total. Alfonso is
situated in a rural and mountainous area of Cavite. The village of Alfonso is renowned for
being relatively close to Tagaytay City. Alfonso is less well-known outside of the province
of Cavite than the neighboring Tagaytay or Silang. Alfonso's history began in the 17th
century when it was still an uninhabited, large area covered in dense forest. Pocket
villages that would later become the Sitios Mataywanak, Pajo, Pangasab, and Alas-as
were present at that period. The area used to be a part of Lumampong, a neighborhood
in Indang, Cavite, and remained such until the end of the Spanish colonial era. Farming
was the main source of income. The Spanish system of governance was adopted here,
as well as in other regions of the nation. The populace was compelled to pay tributes in
kind, primarily agricultural products, or in currency. The settlers eventually realized there
was a problem with the Spanish government as a result of these and other injustices.
They cried out for improvements, but the administration paid them no attention. The
Katipunan was established during the close of the 18th century to fight the Spaniards.
Cavite was one of the eight provinces that rise up in rebellion after the organization
spread there, along with Manila, Batangas, Laguna, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, and
Nueva Ecija. One of the main hubs in the province for revolutionary activity was Alfonso.
The reason the locals are so proud of this century-old building is because no other place
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

in the Philippines can emit sounds as powerful and resonant as those made by the
enormous bells that were purchased from Spain with money donated by the locals.

Tagaytay and Nasugbu, Batangas, are also about fifteen and forty minutes distant
from Alfonso, respectively. The notable locations in Tagaytay are close by due to its
geographic proximity. You may easily reach Tagaytay every day for around 30 pesos by
taking a public jeepney. Sonya's Garden, Hill Creek Gardens, and Royale Tagaytay
Country Club are some of the top tourist attractions in Tagaytay; nevertheless, Alfonso is
where they are located. These businesses use the reputation of Tagaytay as a
neighboring paradise for Metro residents as a marketing strategy to draw in more clients.
Due to the fact that Alfonso is a rural location, real estate costs here are often less
expensive than they are in Tagaytay. A property in Tagaytay does not have to cost tens
of millions of pesos to get a view of the Taal Volcano. Instead, it is recommended to buy
a less expensive property in Alfonso and travel to Tagaytay to see the beautiful
locations. Those who decide to invest in a home and a lot in Alfonso can expect a
relaxed way of life. The majority of the residents of Alfonso are kind folks who will share
their fresh harvests with you. A departure from the typical fearless perception of
Caviteños, residents of Alfonso are among the most tranquil individuals you will meet.
Alfonso uses a hub terminal to travel throughout Cavite. The rural districts of
Maragondon, General Emilio Aguinaldo, Indang, and Magallanes are accessible by jeep.
On the other hand, if one wishes to travel to Tagaytay, Silang, Dasmarinas, Imus,
Bacoor, or Metro Manila, you can take the bus to either Pasay or Lawton. One can
always take a jeep to the Indang transport terminal and travel to Trece Martires or
General Trias if the necessity arises. One can also take public utility vans from Tagaytay
City's Olivarez port to Alabang or Santa Rosa, Laguna. In contrast to other regions of
Cavite, Alfonso offers affordable housing. Nearly every home in this region has access to
fruits and vegetables, which are also extremely reasonably priced. A significant
agricultural product was coffee. However, diseases and bugs caused a drop in 1925.
Abaca was used in its place, and it shared a similar fate. One may enjoy a rural lifestyle
in Alfonso while still being close to the metropolis because Tagaytay is only a short drive
away.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

1.3. Significance of the Study

This study will be undertaken to find out the benefactors of Geriatric Hospital with the
Retirement Housing building project and the underlying reasons that take place.
Comprises the benefits of employees, higher officials, and the public that will provide
convenience, accessibility, better productivity, comfort, improve and upgrade the facilities
as well as spatial equity, healthfulness and provide a sense of place that could
guarantee their satisfaction.

Benefiting the study are the various sector as follows:

Doctors and nurses- this study will be beneficial to the doctors and nurses as working in
the areas they choose and engaging in their line of work in a setting where they may
utilize their ability as healthcare professionals to the fullest.

Medical staff- This study will be beneficial to the medical staff by using new and
advanced modern facilities, they can fully help medical professionals to save lives and
provide fast and reliable medical care.

Senior Citizens- This research benefits the senior citizens for they can now seek medical
attention and shelter from an improved institution that can provide to their needs and
provide optimum service, with modern facilities and equipment and where healthcare is
within reach at a lesser cost.

Relatives of the senior citizen- This study will be beneficial to the relatives of the senior
citizen by having them an assurance for their safety and having a place to visit for their
older relatives that seeks shelter and medical attention.

Lastly, to the students and future researchers who seek information, this study will serve
as their reference for further studies which can help them acquire new information to
further improve medical studies and services in the country.

1.4. Objectives of the Study

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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1.4.1. Project Objectives

This project primarily aims to build a new Geriatric hospital with retirement
housing at Alfonso, Cavite. The project aims to advance the medical services and
health care, through constructing new medical institutions that will fill the gap on
medical services and will be set to withstand calamities and disaster to provide a
much healthier and safer place to the people. Through an architectural approach, the
project targets the planning and development of areas to maximize functionality of
the hospital. The project also targets the development of the general hospital to a
high-level medical institution that will provide a safe environment and high-quality
services.

1.4.1.1. To provide optimized Senior Living communities

In these senior living communities, the architecture is designed to be less
hazardous for their senior residents. This can make one feel a lot better when
choosing a community for elderly family members. Through integration of
architecture, small details can make a big difference in seniors’ lives for both their
independence and their mental health.
1.4.1.1.1. To provide senior citizens peaceful, comfortable, and
memorable experiences.
The goal of these properties is to design a geriatric hospital with retirement
housing for all senior citizens whether foreigner or locals, where they can enjoy a
pleasant working environment, a good place to eat and a good place to rest. The
accessibility to amenities, often known as walkability, is a typical feature of
successful mixed-use development projects. These mixed-use development
concepts aim to provide government officials, tourist and citizens’ life-work-play
lifestyle, with the ability to stroll to locations for their future more conveniently being a
must-have.
1.4.1.1.2. To have a development that is easily accessible,
manageable, and well-designed facilities
The benefits of a great design are growing in line with the mixed-use trend.
The visual attractiveness and layout of a development are vital components to its
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

success, since they will have a direct impact on demand, vacancies, and upkeep.
Vertical buildings, horizontal blocks, and walkable pathways are the most popular
design styles. Furthermore, mixed-use buildings require some form of access control
system to ensure that architecture students, professors, and other critical university
personnel have access only to common spaces and their own private areas.
1.4.1.2. To provide a Geriatric Hospital with an efficient healthcare delivery
system.
Strategies must be formulated to cope with differencing health needs,
cultures, climates and budgets. Design responses must embrace all parts and
aspects of the hospital. The proposed Hospital architecture must facilitate technology
adoption, implementation and also contribute to the efficiency and transparency of
processes. It must provide a seamless integration of clinical requirements with
building planning and designing issues.
1.4.1.3. To develop the area by constructing a well-designed mixed-use
structure in a place that reacts to the climate, natural environment, and
surroundings.
Environment-responsive architecture is a design method that focuses on
developing structures that work in tandem with, rather than against, the local climate.
The concept is easy, but the execution is more difficult. The purpose of mixed-use
development design is to provide a comfortable environment while lowering the
dependency on artificial energy. The weather conditions in the specific place where
the structure is erected are reflected in a climate-responsive building design. Users'
comfort and productivity will not be jeopardized as a result of this consideration.
1.4.1.3.1.To construct a structure that will help to reduce the issue of
excessive greenhouse gas emissions.
As time passes, the human population grows, resulting in increased demand
for everything. Increased people imply more demand for oil, gas, coal, and other
underground fuels that, when burned, release enough carbon dioxide (CO2) into the
atmosphere to trap warm air inside like a greenhouse.
According to the United Nations Population Fund, the human population grew
from 1.6 billion to 6.1 billion people during the course of the 20th century. During that
 Republic of the Philippines
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time emissions of CO2, the leading greenhouse gas, grew 12- fold. According to the
National Academic Press of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine (2009), more compact,
mixed-use development can produce reductions in energy consumption and CO2
emissions both directly and indirectly.
1.4.1.3.2. To develop and prioritize future development
Designing a strategy process that smoothly linked innovative design thinking
with a viable commercial approach, reversing traditional master planning processes
and investigating potential implementation and revenue strategies before displaying
detailed physical design concepts. Through preserving an extra-large area that can
be used for expanding the Geriatric Hospital with retirement housing for future
developments
1.4.1.3.3.To create a structure that supports the area's cultural elements.
Each society's culture is defined by its manifestations, such as language, art,
and architecture, and cultural analysis is linked to the study of cultural manifestations.
Architecture, as a matter of human life, represents culture in every community,
intertwining structural, historical, political, economic, and social characteristics. Every
country tries to adhere to its own set of rules and ideals when it comes to the creation
of architecture through the use of materials. The greatest impact on architecture is
changing cultural and social views in communities. As a result, the importance of
culture in promoting architectural identity appears to be critical.
1.4.1.3.4.To address sustainability methods and encourage the human-
nature relationship.
To encourage people to get outside and interact with each other, public areas
are incorporated into multi-use developments. Whether the correct balance of
students and professors is present in mixed-use complexes can aid in the
establishment of a sense of community.

1.4.1.4. To prioritize Cost Efficiency

Almost all hospital projects are financed with public funds. The budgets are
frequently constrained. Strong materials such as stone, precast concrete, and steel
and researchers considering the use of cargo trucks can survive for decades with
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little upkeep and the cost is not that high. Providing exactly what the community
requires and as many amenities as possible, not over-designing the project is a must
in this case. Costs can be cut by using a simple, clear design that uses less building
materials. Designing for current demands, but future users' needs are taken in mind.

1.4.2. Design Objectives

1.4.2.1. To design Senior-centered and Staff-centered Care Environment

1.4.2.1.1. To adapt a functional design.

The Geriatric Hospital with retirement housing is designed by considering a

variety of purposes and to the senior citizens, therefore they must run well. As a
result, architects must examine the community's external needs, the doctors, nurses,
medical staff, relatives of the users and of course senior citizens.
1.4.2.1.2. Effective Wayfinding and Memory Care features
Having an easy and simple layout of the community buildings can be
essential to Senior Citizens when remembering where to go “home”. This can boost
their confidence and improve their mental health in the long run.
1.4.2.1.3. Incorporating Organic Architecture
To design the building that incorporates organic architecture through
functionalism and displays timelessness without compromising integrity of the
institution.
1.4.2.1.4. Improve healing process of users through Architecture
To design a facility that incorporates nature to promote the healing ability of
the environment and to develop a site with maximum consideration of the interest of
the public as well as the patients and persons with disability.
1.4.2.1.5. To promote a sense of safety for primary users
The architects face a host of security challenges. Local law enforcement
authorities know your town better than anyone else. Reaching out to them to develop
a plan of action for natural disasters and other emergencies. The way you react in
the first few minutes can save lives and avert city hall damage. Every user should be
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aware of the emergency protocol and their role in an emergency, particularly if an

evacuation or lockdown is required. Open floor plans increase visibility and line of
sight, allowing your employees and guests to detect and respond swiftly to an
emergency. Unobstructed exterior views, especially at night, can help to prevent theft
and violence. Break-ins are prevented with bulletproof glass and strong doors.
Traditional wood doors, for example, are less robust and secure than steel-paneled
doors. Electronic locks can also be installed to activate automatically when an
emergency alert system is activated. Inside and outside security cameras can help to
keep people safe. Signs around campus reminding visitors that cameras are there
can help deter undesired behavior.

1.4.2.3.1. To provide effective navigation and wayfinding strategies

From the road or roads that lead to them, entrances and parking lots where it
was clearly marked. The expected visitors will find it easier to navigate a huge place
if there are colorful numbered or lettered signs. The architects consider having
enough parking, and the parking places are close to wide pathways. Visitors with
limited mobility should be able to park close to the main entrance. All paths have
appropriate signage that directs people to the main entrance. In the entrance hall,
elevator and stair bays, and hallways, post directional signs. Each room is clearly
designated as well.

1.4.2.2. The use of Biophilic and Landscape Architecture

Biophilic design is an architectural approach that aims to bring building users
closer to nature. Natural lighting and ventilation, natural landscape features, and
other elements of biophilic design are used to create a more productive and healthful
constructed environment for people.
For a variety of reasons, landscape architecture is vital to the ecosystem. It
consumes fewer resources, produces less waste, encourages recycling whenever
possible, and employs policies that produce long-term outcomes. The link between
people and the environment is the emphasis of landscape architecture.
1.4.2.2.1. To Integrate of Horticultural Therapy
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Native plants will connect the landscape of the geriatric hospital with
retirement housing to nature that will require fewer resources to maintain. Hardscape
elements like stone or brick paths and short walls can provide color and character to
a space. Using rough native stone that closely matches the craggy rock formations
and hues of the region instead of gray concrete as a wall material in a desert climate.
Creating scenic, relaxing pathways throughout the facility for your visitors to enjoy.
Users will be encouraged to take their time and relax as they walk from one building
to the next by paths that wrap around gorgeous gardens and are dotted with comfy
seating spaces.

1.5. Statement of the Problem

The complexity of the meaning of the concept of aging, age-related health issues'
nature, the current trend of aging of the population, and the country's current socioeconomic
circumstances present new challenges with older people's care and wellbeing. These
variables may have an adverse or favorable effect on the quality of older people's lives and
how it affects how they view the aging process. Authorities in the field of health care are
tasked with creating interventions and programs that would assist the elderly in maintaining
or improving their quality of life. However, these initiatives should be supported by research.
on the opinions and experiences of older people.

Geriatric doctors that focus on caring for the elderly are becoming more prevalent in
the Philippines. This is a result of the significant elderly population in the nation and the
shortage of doctors who specialize in this field. Patients over 65 years old are often the
patients that geriatric doctors see. Patients with disabilities or aging-related chronic illnesses
may also be treated by them. Elderly individuals who have trouble walking or speaking can
receive care from geriatric doctors, who may also provide home health care.

This research study on the proposed Alfonso Geriatric hospital with Retirement
Housing will be presented in accordance of the following:

1. What should be produced and prioritized in order to improve healthcare for senior
citizens?
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a. Age consideration

b. Geriatric Illnesses

c. Non-Communicable Diseases

d. Geriatric Mental Health Problems

e. Social and Cultural Impact on Health

f. Limited Supply of Medical and Para Medical Personnel Trained in Geriatric

Medicine

2. What is the state of the health sector and the needed medical necessity in Alfonso,
Cavite.
3. What would be the ideal architectural design for the proposed Geriatric hospital with
Retirement Housing in Alfonso Cavite?

a. What structural innovation and approach would be most effective for building a
facility for senior citizens that is disaster resistant?

4. How can disaster resilience technologies be protected without sacrificing the facility's
aesthetic design and architectural approach?
5. How can the proposed Geriatric Hospital with Retirement Housing affect the
residents of Alfonso, Cavite?

1.6. Theoretical Framework

The concept of the care environment is defined as the physical environment in which
a person in need of care is living as a resident or receiving treatment as a patient or client.
This general conception enables a variety of different care facilities to be included and
contrasted in the study, such as hospitals, specialized clinics, physical and psychiatric
rehabilitation centers, patient support centers and care facilities for the elderly and the
disabled. The patient, the resident or the client as the ‘object’ of care or cure procedures,
can be considered the main user. These main users have visitors and family members that
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may participate in the care process. Furthermore, the care environments are the workplaces
of care staff, nurses and physicians, as well as maintenance staff, logistic personnel,
technicians and the like. The use of the building is organized and supervised by the
administration.

Finding a geriatric specialist in the Philippines has several advantages. These

specialists are first and foremost professionals in treating aged patients and can assist you
with a variety of aging-related difficulties. Furthermore, they frequently have access to
distinctive therapies and treatments that are unavailable elsewhere, making them useful
resources for people with age-related disorders. Finally, a lot of these specialists are
bilingual, enabling them to communicate with patients successfully regardless of their
language proficiency. The advantages of visiting a geriatric expert are numerous. Dementia,
heart disease, and arthritis are just a few of the problems that geriatric specialists may help
with. They can also offer guidance on how to take care of an aging parent or loved one.

A patient-centered care philosophy is founded on the experience and empowerment

of patients more comprehensively than merely being based on organizational models and
care processes. Patients are viewed as consumers of health care whose needs and wishes
should be tended to on a physical, psychological and social level,

Humanistic design features emphasize non-institutional, small-scale and homely

environments, where the high-tech features of medicine are hidden and patients are cared
for holistically by also using elements from nature and the arts (Bates 2018). Environments
promoting the wellbeing of patients have positive acoustics and soundscapes, variation in
lighting, scents, tactile surfaces, colors, internal/external views, optimal north-south
orientation and are sensitively designed, similarly to hotels (Macnaughton et al. 2005).
Advocates of Planetree identified environmental features such as legible and easy
entrances, wayfinding by means of architectural elements, lighting, color, artwork and
furniture, and an ambience of lobbies and patient rooms that engage all five senses (Arneill
& Frasca-Beaulieu 2003).
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1.7.Conceptual Framework

Fig.1. Conceptual Paradi

developed.

1.8. Scope and Delimitation

Fig.1. Conceptual Paradigm

The paradigm illustrates the orderly structure of the research based on the key
factors around which the project for rehabilitation and modernization will be developed.
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1.8. Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on the proposed geriatrics hospital with retirement housing facility which
includes the physical, environmental, social, and economic aspects of the project. The study
is delimited only to the municipality of Alfonso, Cavite.

This study comprises the following:

1. Background of the study

2. Project justification
3. Site justification
4. Site Analysis
5. Floor plans
6. Elevations
7. Sections
8. Space Programming
9. Exterior Perspective and Interior Perspective

The scopes of the development of the project are the following:

1. Hospital Building
2. Retirement Housing Facilities
3. Commercial Areas
4. Other amenities

1.9. Definition of terms

To help readers better comprehend this work, the terminology below has been
conceptually and practically clarified.

Aesthetics- Beauty or the perception of beauty is the focus of aesthetics.

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Accessibility- refers to the design of products, devices, services, or environments for

people with disabilities

Architecture- is the practice of planning and constructing buildings.

Geriatrics- Geriatrics refers to medical care for older adults, an age group that is not easy to
define precisely. Gerontology is the study of aging, including biologic, sociologic, and
psychological changes. “Older” is preferred over "elderly," but both terms are equally
imprecise. (Stefanacci, 2022)

Housing- The mental image of a shelter is of a safe, secure place that provides both privacy
and protection from the elements and the temperature extremes of the outside world.
(Kaufman,2009)

Institutions- are generally understood to be the formal and informal rules that govern social,
political, and economic interactions. (Joshi & Carter, 2015)

Retirement- Retirement refers to the time of life when one chooses to permanently leave the
workforce behind. (Kagan, 2021)

Zoning- how the local government regulates and develops land within its control. It is broken
down into multiple categories to help balance a city to ensure proper land use and provide
value to citizens that own property. As well, zoning helps protect the local environment and
keep property values stable. (Millman,2022)

1.10. Acronym

DOH- Department of Health

LGU- Local Government Unit

NGOs- Non-Governmental Organizations

PUD- Planned Development Unit

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PRA- Philippine Retirement Authority

PSA- Philippine Statistics Authority

CHAPTER II
Related Literature

2.1. FOREIGN STUDIES

2.1.1. Case Study: Santa Rita Geriatric Center (Menorca Spain) By Architect Manuel
Ocaña

Geriatric centers should be optimistic places appealing to live in or to visit. The idea
is to create a characteristic atmosphere in a vital space where spare time prevails and where
residents spend the last years or months of their lives. The fact is that it is possible to build a
geriatric center that does not look like a hospital, with neither corridors nor architectural
barriers and on a single floor, in which all the rooms have direct access from (and towards) a
garden that, as a sort of ‘lobby', acts also as direct access towards (and from) the collective
spaces. The aim is to ensure total accessibility, physical autonomy, psychical security and
respect to individual privacy, facilitating access to visitors.
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It is a ‘polyatmospheric' circulation space: a series of events that can stimulate the

senses and ease the disorientation and spatial tedium that one can ‘experience' in a geriatric
center. Accessibility is the keystone in Santa Rita Geriatric Center. The building features two
verandahs in the exterior garden, and another in the interior one. This last one casts a flat,
fluid and geometrically variable space, supported by slender steel columns. Santa Rita
Geriatric Center features two gardens. The interior one, arranged in three lobulated areas
according to the blooming pattern of the species, and the exterior. This one features semi-
public, urban programmes, such as sensorial games, originally addressed to handicapped
children. Santa Rita Geriatric Center’s multilayered and multicolored synthetic façade,
together with the ceiling’s paintings, enhance the users’ orientation by boosting the
chromatic parameters of each area’s light. Strolling through the building, the users can enjoy
the different luminic atmospheres, such as the orange-colored western light, or the blue-
coloured northern one.

2.1.2. Case Study: Haus Steinfeld Retired Senior Centre

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The Haus Steinfeld Senior Centre is a nursing home for the elderly located in the
countryside, in the small village of Steinfeld, in the western part of Carinthia, Austria. The
compact three-storey wooden building spans a total floor area of 3 658 sq.m. The senior
center comprises living facilities for fifty elderly residents as well as services open to the
surrounding community, such as a chapel, a library and some common activity spaces. The
design concept of Haus Steinfeld is related to the local context. The rectangular and
freestanding building was conceived as a modern archetype of the traditional Austrian
house. In traditional houses of the Carinthia region, the basement was made of natural stone
while the upper parts were of wood. In the Senior Centre, these building principles are
translated into contemporary architecture. The slightly set-background floor is constructed of
reinforced concrete and glass façades. Placed on this plinth, the constructions of the first
and second floors are of laminated timber framework, combined with prefabricated timber-
framed walls. A main component of the architectural concept is an interior atrium, running
the full height of the building, comprising a botanical garden on the ground floor. This winter
garden is visually present throughout the building, animating the spaces and bringing natural
light to the central part of the building. On the ground floor, the entrance lobby, the dining
hall, the circulation spaces and staircases all border on to the atrium. On the first and second
floors, the corridors leading to the rooms of the residents encircle the winter garden. The
apartments of the residents are located along the exterior perimeter of the building.
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The rectangular building is positioned on the site in a south north direction. This enables the
location of residents’ rooms on the eastern, southern and western sides, thus optimizing the
amount of natural light in all 4. Highway for wandering underneath the eaves of the 1st floor
5. Balcony on residential floor overlooking elementary school living spaces. The residential
floors each contain one care unit of 25 residents. Thirty-four of the residences are single
rooms and eight are double rooms, the latter being primarily meant for couples. The
personal apartments, 19.4 sq.m. for the single rooms and 28.0 for double rooms, include one
room and a bathroom, but no kitchenette. The common spaces of the unit comprise a living
room, combined kitchen and multipurpose dining space, several balconies and a bathroom
fully equipped for the washing of bedridden residents. In addition, each floor has a staff
station and maintenance spaces. The walls bordering the atrium are full height profile-less
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glass walls, allowing for a maximum view to the garden. Glass partitions connect the
common spaces to the corridors and to the atrium garden, making the interiors flooded with
natural light. Bridges are laid across the atrium, creating patios where the elderly can spend
time or take a nap. The staff can also make shortcuts across the atrium. The design goal of
the winter garden was to create a healing environment where the elderly residents could
appreciate nature with all their senses. Te elderly, who rarely have the possibility to travel,
can have a refuge of their own in the garden, a place to get refreshed and go on mini-
holidays. The needs of the elderly, especially those with dementia, were stressed in the
design of Haus Steinfeld. The spatial layout provides routes that can be walked around,
without dead-ends that may cause confusion. This is a feature considered important as
persons with dementia have an inherent need to move and wander. Inside the building, the
atrium can be walked around. An outdoor pathway going around the building, underneath
the cantilevered first floor is actively used by residents for their daily wandering tours. Hence,
the popular pathway has been nicknamed the highway. From this high-way, paths connect
the building to the adjacent small park with a picturesque pond and to the recreational areas
of the surroundings.
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2.1.3. Colour and Lighting in Hospital Design

Color and lighting can have an impact on peoples’ perceptions and responses to the
environment and also affect patient recovery rates, improving the quality and overall
experience of patients, staff and visitor.colour can also promote a sense of well-being and
independence. The visual environment, including quality of daylight and electric light, is a
vital element influencing hospital staff morale and productivity; studies have even reported
that an enhanced visual environment has produced improved faster recovery rates by as
much as 10%. Color strategies most widely used in hospitals today are for wayfinding and
signage; it can improve the definition of the architectural environment. Color can reinforce
the hierarchy of spaces, landmarks and prominent features, identifying destinations and
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differentiating between facilities. If thoughtfully implemented, color in buildings can aid

intuitive wayfinding, sensory acuity, cognitive mapping and the understanding of form. It was
found in this study that patients use cues other than signage to find their way around.

Color coding can be a useful and important strategy for any complex building, yet it
was found in this study that many color coding schemes were not recognised by hospital
visitors. As many as two thirds of coding systems are apparently misunderstood, colors need
to be strictly limited and checked with the color vision impaired to establish their effective
use. Colour requires knowledgeable implementation and should be used for simple zoning of
no more than four spaces of a building. Simple color zones, such as north green, south red,
east blue and west yellow have been used successfully. Floor color coding is useful for older
and visually impaired people; this strategy at Poole hospital helped to reduce wall damage
by alerting the staff steering trolleys of the nearness of walls. However vision yellows with
age. Older eyes are less able to distinguish the difference between blues and greens. It is
advisable using a color palette that is predominately blue, green or another “cool” color.
Warm colors like red and yellow are best recommended.

Color coding for zoning of buildings Color strategies for wayfinding

2.1.4. Planning and Architecture Design of Elderly Care Facilities

This study takes the planning and design of rural community elderly care facilities as the
topic, discusses the solutions to the rural elderly care problems in mega-cities, and proposes
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rural elderly care planning and architectural design strategies. It provides a more targeted
rural elderly care strategy, which can not only meet the elderly's needs as much as possible,
but also combine the advantages of rural resources, to form a multifunctional and
sustainable new rural elderly care model. It is stated that in order to increase the actual
utilization efficiency of the site, the functions of long-term care, daycare, and meal
assistance of the nursing home are integrated with the elderly activity room, medical station,
and villager service center in the overall planning. On the site level, four open spaces with
various functions are used to suit the activity demands of nearby residents of all ages and
physical conditions in the author’s design. Residents of various conditions gather here,
increasing the elderly’s opportunities to contact various groups of people. Simultaneously, a
landscape of rural vegetables and fruits is set on the site, giving it more rustic qualities, and
expanding the activities available to the residents living here. On the building level, diverse
functions are reasonably arranged in the sequence of the public to private from the east side
entrance to the inner garden on the west side. At the same time, the use efficiency of the
space is improved, and the vacancy caused by low population density in the countryside is
avoided, thanks to the multi-functional and multi-period use of part of the space. Different
groups of people from the village are attracted to the site as a result of the integration of
diverse functions, creating additional communication opportunities for people on the site,
enriching the everyday lives of the elderly, and improving their happiness.
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It is also said that the proportion of elderly people over 70 years old is high. Although most of
these elderly people can basically take care of themselves, many elderly people claim that
cooking has become a big problem for them. For the elderly who do not need or wish to live
in elderly care facilities, but cannot fully take care of themselves, laundry and cooking will not
be done carefully, and the quality of their lives will be greatly reduced. Villagers have a high
expectation for various nursing services such as respite services, short-term care, and home
care. Cooking is inconvenient for the elderly, which not only affects their health but also
poses a serious threat to their personal and property protection. The creation of rural
canteens can address the acute requirements of the elderly in rural areas. Combining the
needs of the villagers, this design hopes to provide daycare services to the villagers, such as
delivery meals and bathing assistance. It can not only provide daycare services, but also
increase more event spaces for elderly care by sharing some functions with the nursing care
function, and by adding more open functional spaces such as daycare lounges, chess and
115 card rooms, and tea rooms. More significantly, psychological loneliness is sometimes
unresolvable for the elderly who live alone. The psychological environment of the elderly in
rural areas can be enhanced by expanding services such as psychological counseling and
home care.

Lastly, diverse care rooms designs are also introduced as it should be different depending
on the different physical conditions of the elderly. The author provides a total of four types of
units for the elderly with different needs in the design:
1. Self care room for two, for the self-care elderly who are relatively healthy and
capable of taking care of themselves. Their requirements are that they need a private
living space with plenty of freedom and privacy. Therefore, the author designed a
room for two self-care elders that is suitable for couples or friends to share.
2. Device-helping room for three, the number of people in each room is increased to
three for the assisted elderly who need partial nursing care in their daily lives to allow
them to have companions to talk to, since the increased time spent resting in the
room and the fact that most of their partners do not live here together
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3. Under-nursing room for four, the need for interior equipment and life safety for the
elderly on long-term bed rest will be higher than for other elderly, and the demand for
activities will be greatly reduced.
4. Multi-generational loft for family members, the author establishes a multi-
generational loft, which is suitable for the elderly and their families to experience life
in rural areas. Since this apartment is mainly for short-term experience, it needs a
more complete private configuration.

2.1.6. Aesthetics and Architecture of Care Environment

This research is about a methodological approach of 10 care environments in Japan
and the European countries. Included in this study is discourses between the researcher and
elderly people about their preferences about specific features in care facilities such as
retirement homes and geriatric hospitals.
Discourse about wayfinding and independence.
Easy wayfinding and a sense of control over the environment are generally considered
beneficial, supporting the users, the wayfinding systems should not dominate the interiors,
according to ADI. Moreover, there is no need to over-simplify the environment. Over-
accentuated and dominating entrances, reception desks and signage systems make the
care environment institutional, whereas the aims of care environments in general should be
to make the ambience less institutional and more homelike. At the same time, signs
regulating what to do and where to go in specific spaces are felt as patronizing and as
limiting the use of the spaces. Architectural elements such as natural lighting and views from
windows, spatial layout, surface materials and movable staff provide means to make the
environment legible by appealing to all our senses, without over-simplifying it.
“Reception desks and signage systems are something that we never have. It’s important – it’s part of
the idea of patients taking authority over space. In a hospital environment there’s signs everywhere
telling you what to do; wash your hands, be quiet, don’t talk to the nurses, go and talk to the nurse…
It's part of a doctor-patient relationship where the doctors are the experts telling you what to do and
you receive the information passively. At [our centers] there isn’t any signage because we want the
patients to use the space as they want to rather than to walk in to a receptionist. The design of the
environment can mediate these values.”
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Discourse about how users are connected with the building and the surrounding
environment.
The attitude of consideration and respect for the users is reflected in how the connections
between the building and its surroundings are conceived. The views enable the users to stay
connected to the world outside the care environment in a deeper sense, enhancing
awareness of time and context. The surroundings not only animate the interior spaces, but
they evoke a sense of the passing of time; the sun rising in the morning or setting in the
evening, indicating the qualities of different seasons, of different weather conditions and of
nature. These are valued. Hence, the windows should be positioned so that everybody has
views outside, including bedridden patients and staff. For maximum comfort, the spaces
should have the right amount of natural light as well as soft and indirect artificial lighting.
Here again, soft and indirect lighting is associated with creating a homely ambience that is
found supportive for the patients, clients and residents.
“I could have said that about the right passing of time and the sun rising and the seasons and the use
of landscape to initiate discussions. I think it’s really so important. It’s so moving to talk to patients
there, saying; ‘I’m waiting for the crocuses. I’m gonna hang on and fight and keep fighting, and I’m
gonna get the crocuses in the spring. And that’s what’s gonna keep me going through this bloody long
winter.’ It kind of marks the progression and people see that as a way to see time moving in a nice
way.”

Discourse between Elderly about room accommodation.

The right to privacy is a central part of patients’, clients’ and residents’ integrity and a lack
thereof is viewed as intolerable. For adherents of Aesthetic Discourse I, a single patient
room or residence is the cornerstone of privacy. The patient or resident does not want to
share their personal sphere or sleep in the same room with others, nor have their integrity
breached by the sounds and the smells of co-patients or co-residents. Here, the size of the
room is less important; it is the content of the personal sphere that counts . The private
sphere allows the user not only to be and sleep alone, but also to do things with others:
invite guests, have family members visit, do physical training, and so on. In the layout of
spaces, the transition from private to public should not be too abrupt. The spaces should
have different degrees of privacy – a gradation of space – ranging from the most private
patient/resident room to the public common spaces. This enables the patients and residents
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to choose the amount of social contacts or seclusion they wish to have, instead of imposing
the social dimension upon them through a spatial layout that does not respect privacy. The
use of televisions in the common spaces could be seen as an example of a disturbing
element that breaches the integrity of the users as it dominates the space and prevents
other forms of interaction .
“Before arriving here, I spent four days in another department, and the difference is huge.
For me, the environment is very important, the feeling of the patient room, to be able to go
outdoors, to have my own entrance… [In the other building] we were four in the same room.
I mean, a four-person room – it cannot be salutary. I lay there with two elderly gentlemen
and one who had a difficult pulmonary disease… you wake up ten times a night, and then
you try to sleep, and then the staff is coming and going… So for me that environment was
quite stressful and created an inner anxiety. Yes, it creates an inner anxiety; at the bottom, I
think it is fear. Also stress over being sick and not being able to sleep and being woken up
all the time. Here [in this department] you can go to the common day room if you want to, or
you can sit here [by the window table in the patient room] or in the armchair – there are
different places.”

2.2. LOCAL STUDIES

2.2.1 Harvesting Gold From Neighbors’ Golden Years: A case study Of International
Retirement Migration In Tagaytay City, Philippines
This case study is an approach for Tagaytay that is purposely selected as it is one of
the most popular tourist destinations in the Philippines and is increasingly becoming known
as a retirement destination. Increasing presence of other nationalities can be observed in the
City and many are known to have lived there for the past several years. Findings from this
study validate what retirees look for in a place of destination— (1) compatibility and
availability of a familiar language whether that be for communication with locals or for drive
and read signs; an (2) ideal location that has high elevation away from flood-prone areas, is
(3) neither polluted nor noisy; (4) offers comfortable levels of temperature and humidity; the
location‖s (5) proximity to major transportation, medical, and food sources; (6) good local
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accommodation and (7) reasonable cost of living that is ideal and workable depending on
one‖s financial capacity; the area‖s (8) cleanliness and availability of natural forest and
fauna; (9) organized and efficient local government functions; and (10) integrity of service
providers. On the basis of the case study done, Tagaytay City notably ticks off all these
requirements that retirees look for in a place of destination for retirement.
Under an experiment that was conducted, respondents chose to migrate to the
Philippines and retire in the country after pursuing their respective careers in the academe
and dedicating their years occupying a number of corporate positions in the private sector.
They are now based in Tagaytay, choosing the City after careful consideration of
preselected provinces and countries such as Siquijor in the Philippines, Quezon City in the
Philippines, Hua Hin in Thailand, Phuket in Thailand, Costa Rica, and even Panama.
Topping the list of the factors they considered revolved around the English language—the
ability of the locals to communicate in English and provision of drive and reading signs in
English. The location was equally important. They avoided low altitude, crowded, polluted
and noisy areas. All of them did their research on temperature and humidity averages,
higher elevations above sea level, natural forest and fauna availability, and proximity to
major transportation, medical and food sources. Apart from the monetary and location
considerations, they also highlighted their search for a destination‖s cleanliness, organized
and efficient local government functions, and integrity in service providers.
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2.2.2. Compliance with Standards of Geriatric Nursing Home Facilities in the

Philippines: An Evaluation Study

This study evaluated the operations of geriatric institutions in the Philippines,

especially those which operate as foundation in nature, that can be generally characterized
as unregulated. This entails that the government generally lacks control on the way these
institutions are being administered. Although, it is worth noting that the Philippine
government through the Department of Health has set a general standard for the planning &
design of hospitals and other health facilities in the country. These standards as stipulated in
the guidelines issued by the DOH in November of 2004 were utilized in this study in
assessing the physical facilities of geriatric institutions under study. The compliance of the
three geriatric institutions will be utilized to help in the interpretations of level of satisfactions
on these institutions as perceived by both patients & the management. One of hospitals this
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study evaluated was addressed as Nursing Home B, an Urban-based Geriatric Hospital,

which resembles a square or rectangle with the sides being the wards and dining area while
the center which is partly open air features a mini garden and a prayer house.Nursing Home-
B (Urban-based) core building is concrete while exit doors are present, thus compliant with
the DOH‟s safety regulations. The corridors of Nursing Home-B (Urban-based) are wide and
spacious thus the patients who usually visit the chapel and garden can easily move around
and roam the facility. In the morning, the semi-open air characteristic of the compound
allows natural lighting to illuminate the areas while at night, the doorways, rooms and kitchen
are illuminated by fluorescent bulbs. The bedrooms both for male and female are likewise
well ventilated primarily though wide window fans. The facility is also endowed with a 24-
hour supply of potable water. The hospital also has a spacious parking lot for visitors who
are abundant all year round. The recreational area of the institution includes a mini garden
with flowering plants and some fruit trees situated in the middle of the facility giving the area
a fresh and cozy atmosphere. Nursing Home-B (Urban-based) also has a small store which
serves as a display area for crafts handmade by the residents. The dining and kitchen areas
are likewise spacious allowing the residents to eat their meals together. The areas for
improvement in the Nursing Home-B (Urban-based) boil down to two things: 1) fire
protection and; 2) bedroom size. It seems that preparation for fire hazard is not a primary
concern of geriatric institutions under this study. If this is true for all homes for the aged here
in the Philippines, this poses a serious threat to the safety of older adults who, due to old
age will be less responsive to emergency cases such as fire incidents, thus are more
vulnerable compared to other age groups in the community. This area is clearly 'under
regulated' by the government. Below is the data measured by the researcher about the
compliance of Nursing Home B according to the DOH Standards.
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2.3. Synthesis

As an overall synthesis of this chapter. A set of best-practice features and concepts

are put forward as lessons learnt from the case studies mentioned above. These ideas can
be seen as a toolkit from which to pick and mix relevant ideas and case-sensitive features of
the different building types depending on situational requirements.
It was emphasized the way nature and natural materials are brought to all users of
the care environment is a feature worth applying in any care building.These were, on the one
hand related to the acute nature of the care environments (hygiene demands, high-tech
equipment) and the large scale and complexity of the buildings (wayfinding, concepts for
getting natural light and views to the spaces of the large building volumes, flow of people
and staff, flexibility towards changes in care processes or technologies), and, on the other
hand, to the rehabilitation methods preferred by the facilities (homelike settings for
rehabilitation of abilities needed in daily life, separating ‘home’ from ‘work’, flexibility towards
changes in personal needs of patients, clients and residents). It was mentioned that some
values and preferences surpass these functional objectives and represent more generic
aesthetic values, such as the uniqueness and sense of craftsmanship in the design, the
respect for patient/resident privacy mentioned above, and the feelings of wellbeing that
different materials, natural light, interaction with nature and the surroundings might induce on
sensuous and social levels in patients and residents in particular (nature, wellbeing and
personalisation discourse) the respect for privacy through a gradation of spaces on a
private-public axis, the importance of uniqueness and high-quality materials as a symbol of
the value of patients and residents, and the use of artwork, colors and materials as a means
of making the environment less stressful and facilitating wayfinding.
As for the local studies, it proved that Tagaytay City is a n ideal site for Retirement
Homes and Geriatirc Hospital. The study can be a reference as Alfonso is a municipality that
is considered a part of Tagaytay because of its proximity. Moreover, it is best to comply with
the DOH guidelines for geriatric hospitals and nursing homes. Future solutions should take
into account the experience of care environment aesthetics and architecture in its full
complexity. Evidently, it should not be sufficient to design care environments that only
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answer the needs of a small proportion of its users. Architects need environments that serve
and meet the needs of as many as possible users and stakeholders.

Chapter III- Research Methodology

3.1. Research Design (Data Gathering and/or Procedure)

The researcher used a step-by-step process to develop the project proposal. The
research study's practical structure will produce a foundation of information and concepts for
the design process.

3.1.1. Research Generation

The internet, which is the most cutting-edge and contemporary method of searching,
is used by researchers to obtain vital information. This is especially true for finding the
relevant literature and case studies for the proposed project. Numerous websites relating to
the construction of the proposed mixed-use development were accessed by the researcher.
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3.1.2. Data Sources

3.1.2.1 Primary Data Sources

Comprehensive Land Use Plan or better known as CLUP is the primary data source
of the researchers. Because it is one of the efficient approaches and a widely used tool in
confirming research findings and evidence for its process, this data analysis of research
design is trustworthy enough to have valid tools that lead to valid outcomes and to realize
the objective of this study and to answer research questions. The study will be useful in
providing a wealth of implications for additional research on mixed-use developments. The
study requires systematic data collection in order to Identify the ideas that were studied, the
research's methodology, and the tool used to interpret the findings. As the chosen approach
acquires information about the current site, the study analysis design incorporates a direct
respondent observation because it is possible that the study would be affordable and time-
efficient. The purpose of using this approach is to describe the nature of the situation as it
existed at the time of the study and to explore the causes and reasons for the issues that
have arisen and are the subject of the researcher's investigation within a particular structure
and context.

The study will use both a qualitative and quantitative research design, with the goal
of discovering substantial real evidence that expert groups can easily adopt because these
designs may have standards measures that must be followed in order to complete the task
for conducting researchers as necessary for the research's conclusion.

3.1.2.2. Secondary Data/ Sources

The internet was used by the researcher to acquire data. It is a different technique to
obtain sources for the research, such as relevant data and important issues, especially those
from linked overseas studies that have instinctual information that is crucial.

3.2. Data Analysis and Presentation

In order to properly analyze the proposed project, the researcher listed the procedure
and method of data collection into many design categories and considerations.
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● Taking into account the city's ideal location for the aforementioned proposition. The
researcher developed the site selection method by identifying and ranking the three
chosen sites using various site characteristics then picked one out of the three and
compared it to the new site location found.
● The site's correct location. For the project being suggested, weighing its benefits and
drawbacks is essential to the planning and design process.
● The probability density of users and their needs are crucial for the researcher in
visualizing the idea and the effect of the concept in a specific user through interviews
and observation of the current educational, economic, and social status of the site.
● Proper distribution of the aforementioned space demand using the proponent will be
assisted in identifying the relevant spaces that will result in good traffic flow both
inside and outside the building through architectural programming and space
analysis.
● It is also vital to get knowledge about the proposal's design considerations for
learning sophisticated tactics.

The proponents determine the considerations in planning and developing the proposed
project using all the pertinent information and the analysis process. Planning preparation will
be significantly impacted by everyday transactions involving the utilization of the project
proposal and the consideration of natural resources and elements.

3.2.1. Site Criteria

Site selection entails weighing the benefits of various locations against the
requirements of a new project. It is a strategy of choosing a location that is most acceptable,
suitable, and capable of standing out for the project proposal. The project's most fruitful site
must be developed and progressed upon with precision thanks to the program. The site's
construction, requirements, and size are among the aspects that influence the program
development goals of the structures, equipment, and resources required for the scheme's
overall development.

3.2.1.1. Site Selection

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These are the broad and detailed site requirements that will help the researcher
choose the best location for the project proposal.

General Criteria:

● Accessibility - Both private and public transportation can reach the location.
● Availability- The concept of availability refers to the presence of crucial utilities like
community lines, power, and water delivery, drains, and telephones.
● Flexibility - It is described as having enough room and being adaptable alterations for
future growth.
● Geographical Location- This refers to the area's point of view.
● Good surroundings - This term refers to how appealing the locale's surroundings.
● Market type- Market type describes how different industries are categorized and
distinguished based on how fiercely and in what ways they compete with one another
for customers' goods and services.
● Proximity – It is the site’s relationship to the users.
● Landmark- A landmark is a significant or immediately recognizable piece of the
environment or characteristic of a town. Frequently, landmarks feature a sign
explaining their significance.
● Size- The dimension of the said land or site.
● Shape- A shape in geometry can be characterized as an object's form, outline, outer
boundary, or outer surface.
● Soil Type- The organic and inorganic components of the earth's surface that support
plant development are known as soil. Soil is made up of a variety of materials and
evolves progressively over time.
● Landscaping- It land’s existing design is attractive
● Social Aspect-The term "social aspect" relates to the location's social advantages;
people's current way of life; people's level of literacy those who are advantageous to
the project and its users
● Topography – It refers to land characteristics of the site.
● Visibility- It concerns having a clear view and being able to be seen readily; the
location must be widely recognized, especially by the tourists.
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● Economic Considerations-
● View- A typically attractive natural scenery overlooking from the selected site.
● Climate- The weather conditions prevailing in the area.
● Zoning and safety - The presence of fire protection and there are security posts in
the area. Also included are peace and order. The environment, including any
potential for fire, health risks, and geological conditions (earthquake, tsunami,
typhoon, and so on).

System of Evaluation and Rating

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3.2.1.2 Site Justification

The researchers used the System of Evaluation and Rating process in order to select
the most suitable site for the project proposal. The said evaluation is located above for
reference.

3.2.2 Site Data

3.2.2.1 The Macro Site

CALABARZON Map (Source:Regional Map - region4ppadoj (google.com)

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CALABARZON is one of the regions in the Philippines. It is designated Region IV-A

and its center is Calamba City located in Laguna. The CALABARZON comprises five
provinces: Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Batangas, and Quezon. Region IV-A is formally known as
Southern Tagalog Mainland.
The region is located in Southwestern Luzon, just south and east of Metro Manila,
and is the second most densely populated region in the country. CALABARZON and
MIMAROPA were previously combined as Southern Tagalog until 2002, when they were
separated.
Calamba City was designated as the center of CALABARZON on the 28th of October 2003
under Executive Order No. 246. The second largest and most highly urbanized part of
CALABARZON was the City of Antipolo while Lucena is considered the first highly urbanized
city in CALABARZON. CALABARZON is composed of 12, 609, 803 inhabitants and is
considered the most populated region in the Philippines.
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3.2.2.1.1.History of Cavite

Map of Province of Cavite (Source: en.wikipedia.org.)

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The province of Cavite which is located on the south shores of Manila Bay in
CALABARZON was situated 21 kilometers southwest of Metro Manila. Cavite was
considered the most industrialized and fast-growing economy in the Philippines. Cavite’s
population was composed of 3,678,301 (2015) makes it one of the most populated provinces
in the country
Over 300 years, the province was known for playing an important role in historic
events during the colonial and independence of the country earning it the title "Historical
Capital of the Philippines". It became the cradle of the country’s revolution that results in the
renouncement of Spanish colonial control. Finally culminating in the Philippine Declaration of
Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite. The old provincial capital, Cavite City also
hosted docks for the Manila galleon, becoming an essential part of the commerce between
Asia and Latin America.
The Province of Cavite was surrounded by the Province of Laguna to the east, Metro
Manila to the northeast, and Batangas province to the south. To the west lies the West
Philippine Sea. It is located within the Greater Manila Area, not to be confused with adjacent
Metro Manila, the defined capital region.
Cavite is the second smallest province including the Province of Rizal is in the
CALABARZON region. It occupies a land area of 1,427.06 square kilometers (550.99 sq mi)
which is approximately 8.72 percent of CALABARZON’s total land area, 2.74 percent of the
regional area, and 0.48 percent of the total land area of the Philippines. The municipalities of
Maragondon and Silang have the biggest land areas, comprising 165.49 square kilometers
(63.90 sq mi) and 156.41 square kilometers (60.39 sq mi) respectively, while the municipality
of Noveleta has the smallest land area as indicated by 5.41 square kilometers (2.09 sq mi)
or 0.38 percent of the provincial total and area.
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Map of Alfonso (Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office)

The Municipality of Alfonso is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cavite,

Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 59,306 people. Coffee was
a major agricultural product. However, it declined in 1925 due to pests and diseases. It was
replaced by abaca, which met a similar fate.
Alfonso is a landlocked municipality in the coastal province of Cavite.The municipality
has a land area of 66.58 square kilometers or 25.71 square miles which constitutes 4.36% of
Cavite's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 59,306. This
represented 1.36% of the total population of Cavite province, or 0.37% of the overall
population of the CALABARZON region. Based on these figures, the population density is
computed at 891 inhabitants per square kilometer or 2,307 inhabitants per square mile.
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The annual regular revenue of Alfonso for the fiscal year of 2016 was
₱146,232,896.85. The household population of Alfonso in the 2015 Census was 51,756
broken down into 11,820 households or an average of 4.38 members per household.

3.2.2.1.2.Historical Background

The history of Alfonso dates back to the 17th century and was then a wilderness, a
vast land area covered with thick forest. At about that time, there were a few pocket
settlements that later composed the sitios Mataywanak, Pajo, Pangasab, and Alas-as. The
place was formerly part of Lumampong, a barrio of Indang, and an upland town of Cavite. In
time, the settlements grew to the size of small barrios Realizing the need for accelerated
development, Bonifacio Aveo and Felix Del Mundo, two community leaders, spearheaded a
petition requesting the Governor General to make the four barrios into a separate
municipality. The petition was granted and the municipal government was placed in Barrio
Alas-as, so named after the alas-as tree. Legend has it known that the early settlers of the
place lived near a rivulet along which banks were two big sweet-bearing fruit trees called
Alas-as.
The original name Alas-as lasted only for seventeen years because the Spaniards
officially named the town after King Alfonso XII of Spain. Thus, on May 16, 1859, Alfonso
became an independent municipality, separate and distinct from Indang. As in other parts of
the country, governmental functions were adopted from the Spanish system. The people
were forced to give tributes in cash or in kind, mostly agricultural products. In time and with
other abuses the settlers began to see that something was wrong with the administration of
the Spaniards. They clamored for reforms but the administration turns a deaf ear. Towards
the end of the 18th century, the Katipunan was organized to fight the Spaniards. The
organization spread to Cavite and the province was one of the first eight provinces that
included: Manila, Batangas, Laguna, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija to rise in
arms. Alfonso became one of the major centers of the province in revolutionary activities.
A few days after the Cry of Balintawak on August 26, 1896, General Mariano Trias
ordered the liquidation of all Spaniards in the municipality. A bloody battle ensued. Residents
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were led by prominent men such as General Hipolito Rint, Captain Eriberto Cetro (Kapitan
Berto), and Prudencio Rolle (Tandang Diclo).
From the time Alfonso became a municipality, four churches had been erected, three
of which were destroyed. The ruins of the third church were destroyed by a strong storm in
December 1926 can still be seen beside the present church, which is the fourth of the series.
The first two persons to be baptized in Alfonso were Lucia Peñano and Marcelo Peji.
A few days after the Cry of Balintawak on August 26, 1896, General Mariano Trias ordered
the liquidation of all Spaniards in the municipality. A bloody battle ensued. Residents were
led by prominent men such as General Hipolito Rint, Captain Eriberto Centro (Kapitan
Berlo), and Prudencio Rolle (Tandang Dicio).
Next to the church is the town's belfry. The people are proud of this century-old
structure because nowhere in the Philippines can be heard as loud and penetrating sound
as those produced by its giant bells, bought from Spain with money contributed by the
people. According to some, the sound of these bells was so loud that it caused the abortion
of a pregnant woman. Coffee was a major agricultural product. However, it declined in 1925
due to pests and diseases. It was replaced by abaca, which met a similar fate.

3.2.2.1.3.Terrestrial Environment
3.2.2.1.3.1. Geography and Location
The Municipality of Alfonso is an upland town situated at the southwestern peripheral
boundary of the Province of Cavite, and lies on the coordinates of 14º05’ latitude and
120º50’ longitude. It is bounded by the municipality of Indang from North, Batangas province
from the South, the municipalities of Gen. Aguinaldo and Magallanes from the West, and the
municipality of Mendez-Nuñez from the east.
The municipality has a total land area of 6,998.00 hectares of good arable and
buildable land representing 5.43% of the total land area of Cavite province. Alfonso is
located 67.9 km away from Metro Manila with a travel time of 1 hour and 9 minutes via
Emilio Aguinaldo Hi-way.
The elevation of Alfonso is at 477.93 meters or 1.568 feet. Comparing it with Cavite
City with an elevation of only 7.73 meters of 25-35 feet, there is a great difference in
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elevation of about 470.2 meters. The minimum elevation in Alfonso is around 241m while the
maximum is 642m.The average elevation is around 417m.
The Municipality of Alfonso is composed of 32 barangays. Five (5) constitutes the
Poblacion which are considered the urban barangays, namely, Barangays I to V. The
remaining 27 barangay are rural barangays.

Table. Barangay Names in Alfonso, Cavite

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Base Map of Alfonso, Cavite

3.2.2.1.3.2. Geology and Geomorphology

Rock Formation
Igneous rocks are prominent in the western part of Cavite. This region is a high and
mountainous part of the province. There are also reserves of sand and gravel materials in
the municipality of Alfonso.

Geological Map
The municipality of Alfonso has an alkaline rock. This rock contains higher sodium
and potassium than the other igneous rocks. The uppermost and lowermost west part
(Barangay Kaysuyo and Barangay Amuyong, respectively) of the municipality has mafic
rock. This type of rock is high in magnesium and ferric oxides, thus giving a dark color
characteristic in those land areas.
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Geological Map of Alfonso, Cavite

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``3.2.2.1.3.3. Soil

Soil Map of Alfonso, Cavite

Soil types that can be found in the Municipality are Tagaytay Loam, Tagaytay Sandy
Loam, and Magallanes Clay Loam. The distribution of soil types according to their slope and
location is shown in Table. Tagaytay Loam with 8-18% slope covers more than half or
52.37% (3,510.01 ha) of the Municipality’s total land area which can be found on the
northern side of the Municipality and approaches the Tagaytay Ridge. About 19.93% or
1,335.66 ha of the Municipality’s total land area have a soil type of Tagaytay Sandy Loam
with 8-18% slope which can be found in the southeastern part of the Municipality.
Magallanes Clay Loam (steep phase) with a slope ranging from 8 to 18% covers about
8.97% or 601.32 ha of the Municipality’s total land area can be found in the northeast portion
of the Municipality. Other soil types with 8-18% slope are Tagaytay Loam (Steep Phase)
(8.97%) and Magallanes Clay Loam (5.28%). Soil types with 18-30% slope are Tagaytay
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Sandy Loam (2.13%) and Magallanes Clay Loam (2.26%). The only soil type with 50% and
above slope is Tagaytay Sand Loam which covers 0.13% of the total Municipal area. It can
be found in the southern part of Barangay Amuyong.
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Table. Soil Type by Slope

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3.2.2.1.3.4. Hydro-geologic Features

There are six water bodies in Alfonso, five of which are rivers and the other is a
spring. The rivers span throughout the municipality which are essential to irrigation and
others like drainage for run-off or rain water. Aside from open canals, the topography of the
Municipality permits a complete gravitational layout of the drainage system, forming an
integral part of the roads that drain to the creeks and rivers.
3.2.2.1.3.5. Freshwater Resources
Surface Runoff
There are five (5) existing rivers in the Municipality and one (1) spring which are all
classified as Class AA. According to DENR EO No. 34, class AA is public water supply class
1 which is intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are uninhabited and
otherwise protected and which require only approved disinfection in order to meet the
national standards for drinking water (NSDW).

Table. Existing Surface Water Resources by Type and Classification

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Sources Of Drinking Water

Drinking sources complying with the microbiological standards was 99% in
accordance with the sanitation of the local health unit of the municipality. Most of the
households have their own faucet from the community water system with a 86.44% or
10,738 number of households. The number of households with access to improve safe water
level are as follows Level 1-98 Level II-12 Level III-11,088.

Table. Number of Households by Main Source of Water Supply For Drinking (2019)

3.2.2.1.3.6 . Topography, Elevation and Slope

The elevation of Alfonso is at 477.93 meters or 1,568 feet. Comparing it with Cavity
City with an elevation of only 7.73 meters of 25.35 feet, there is a great difference in
elevation of about 470.2 meters. The minimum elevation in Alfonso is around 241m while the
maximum is 642m. The average elevation is around 417m.
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Elevation Map of Alfonso, Cavite

3.2.2.1.3.7. Slope
Majority or 90.81% (6,085.62 ha) was determined to have a slope that ranges from 8
to 18% which is characterized as undulating to rolling. This covers the northern and central
part of the Municipality which includes the Poblacion. Rolling to moderately steep slope (18-
30%) covers 9.07% or 607.71 ha of the total land area. It covers the western and southern
part of the Municipality which includes portions of Barangays Upli, Sikat, Luksuhin Ilaya,
Kaysuyo, Amuyong, and Buck Estate. Areas with very steep slopes (50% and above), on the
other hand, can be found in the southern portion of the Municipality particularly in Barangay
Amuyong. It covers a small portion or 0.13 (8.41%) ha of the Municipality’s total land area.
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Table. Slope Classification

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Slope Map of Alfonso, Cavite

3.2.2.1.3.8. . Climatological Condition

● Climate
Alfonso's climate is characterized by relatively low temperature, low humidity and
abundant rainfall. The climate of the municipality has both direct and indirect influence over
the present topography, vegetation, agricultural production and water supply of the
municipality.
It is interesting to note that climate has a direct influence on the choice of the town as
a living place. Situated at approximately 600 meters above sea level, Alfonso has a cool and
refreshing temperature averaging 22.7°C and relative humidity of 78 percent. The climate is
misty and relatively cooler during the months of December, January and February.
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● Historical Trends and Observed Changes

Cavite belongs to Type 1 climate based on the Climate Map of the Philippines by the
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA).
Being a Type 1, Cavite has two pronounced seasons- the dry season, which usually begins
in November and ends in April, and the rainy season, which starts in May and ends in
October.
● Temperature
Alfonso experienced the hottest temperature in the months of May 2010 and April
2016 which fell to thirty- seven degrees Celsius while the coldest temperature fell in the
months of January to February with twenty-four degrees Celsius.
● Rainfall
Alfonso got the lowest amount of rainfall in November 2015 with 4.68mm. The
highest amount of rainfall recorded was at 1216.46 mm on September 9, 2009.

3.2.2.1.4.CLIMATE AND DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT

Local Climate Change Projections
● Seasonal Temperature
Based on climate trends data published by PAGASA, with the
observed temperature in the Philippines increasing at an average rate
of 0.1 degree Celsius per decade, climate projections suggest
continuous warming in the future For the mid- 21st century (year
2036-2065), the projected country- averaged mean temperature could
increase by as much as 0.9 to 1.9 degrees Celsius (assuming the
moderate emission, RCP4.5), and by as much as 1.2 to 2.3 degrees
Celsius (assuming the high emission scenario, RCP8.5). For the end
of 21st century (year 2070-2099), warmer conditions are further
expected, which could range from 1.3 to 2.5 degrees Celsius (based
on RCP4.5), and 2.5 to 4.1 degrees Celsius (based on RCP8.5)
increase in mean temperature relative to the baseline climate.
● Seasonal Rainfall
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Based on climate trends data published by PAGASA, there is an

increasing trend in the annual and seasonal rainfall in many parts of
the Philippines. These trends were found to be associated with
extreme rainfall events. Multi-model projections find the range of
increase and decrease in seasonal-mean rainfall to be exceeding 40%
of its historical values. Nevertheless, the multi-model central estimate
of projected changes in rainfall are within the natural rainfall variations,
except for the projected rainfall reduction over central sections of
Mindanao that are beyond the observed rainfall variations in the past.

Population Exposure Map, Flood

The Municipality of Alfonso belongs to Type I climate based on the Corona’s
classification of climate. This type of climate is characterized by two (2) pronounced seasons
– the dry season which starts in November and ends in April and the rainy season, which
starts in May and ends in October.
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● Climatological Normals
Using the Climate Information Risk Analysis Matrix (CLIRAM) tool derived by
PAGASA, the projected rainfall of Cavite for the period 2036-2065 is
computed and shown in Table 81. The lower bound indicates the driest
possible change, the upper bound indicates the wettest possible change; and
the median represents the most likely future change. The trend showed that
from December to May there is significantly less rainfall compared to months
JJA and SON, which are the rainy months. It was observed that the medium
range projection is higher than the observed baseline. This means that in the
coming years there will be heavier rainfall.

Table. Observed Baseline 1971-2000 for Projected Rainfall and Temperature

Table. Projected Seasonal Change in Total Rainfall in Cavite, Year 2036-2065

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Projected frequency of extreme events for the years 2020 and 2050 under the
medium-range emission scenario from PAGASA is shown in Table 83. The projection is
based on the year 1971-2000 climate. It is projected that from 2020 to 2050 there will be
2,733 hot days, 6,565 dry days, and 9 days with rainfall above 200mm.

Table. Frequency of Extreme Events in 2020 and 2050 under Medium-Range Emission
Scenario.

3.2.2.1.3. Natural Hazards

Geological and environmental hazards are ever present in the municipality. The
common natural phenomena are typhoons which lead to landslides, flooding, and disruption
of economic function in general. Hence, mitigation and preparedness are being instilled by
the municipality to its people. Other natural hazards include earthquakes or ground shaking.
With reference to NAMRIA'S Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map, the municipality as
a whole is not susceptible to earthquake-induced landslides. Ground shaking of up to
Intensity VII can be felt in Barangay Amuyong, Kaysuyo, and part of Kaytitinga. The Mines
and Geosciences Bureau Regional Office No. IV (CALABARZON) identified rain-induced
landslide hazards from 24 barangays classified from low to very high. The results of the
MGB Rapid Field Assessment show that Barangay Mangas I is highly susceptible to rain-
induced landslides, followed by Barangays of Esperanza, Sicat, Matagbak I, Matagbak II,
Sta. Theresa, Amuyong, Sinaliw Munti, Sinaliw Malaki with low to moderate susceptibility to
rain-induced landslides while the remaining 23 barangays are low susceptible.
On flooding susceptibility, all thirty-two (32) barangays of the municipality are rated
with Low susceptibility since it is located in the upper part of the province. For the Climate
and Disaster Risk Assessment, the 5 vulnerable elements to disasters, namely flood, ground
shaking and landslide are the population unit, urban use, critical point facilities, natural
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resource-based production areas and the lifeline utilities. The summary of risk analysis is
shown below.
”Population Exposure Map, Flood
Population Exposure Map, Landslide

Population Exposure Map, Groundshaking

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Critical Point Facility Exposure Map, Flood

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Critical Point Facility Exposure Map, Landslide

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Critical Point Facility Exposure Map, Groundshaking

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Natural Resource-based Production Areas Exposure Map, Flood

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Natural Resource-based Production Areas Exposure Map, Landslide

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Natural Resource-based Production Areas Exposure Map, Ground Shaking

8. Land Use

Of the land use categories, all is expected to increase as population and demand
increases. Agriculture areas on the other hand will suffer as some part of it will be converted
into other use. These changes have transpired in the municipality's land use patterns mainly
because of the increasing population. Increase in population would imply an increase in
demand for food, shelter, jobs and services such as education, health, transportation and
communication. Thus, would result in increasing demand for land. From 1999 to 2019,
agricultural areas decreased by 1303.30 hectares of which were reclassified and/or
converted to other uses. Meanwhile, other important categories like residential and
commercial drastically increased and even doubled. To date, land use is being utilized and
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used to which more people would benefit. For the land use trend of 1999 to 2019, noticeable
changes in the land areas are observed, mostly due to the advancement of mapping
technology. With the aid of GIS software and CADASTRAL maps, more accurate
measurements of the land use areas were obtained.

Land Resources

Land Area Distribution per Barangay

Alfonso is composed of 32 barangays, five (5) of which are urban barangays while
the remaining are rural barangays. Urban barangays or the Poblacion accounts to 2.05% or
137.64 ha of the Municipality’s total land area, it consists of Barangays I, II, III, IV, and V. In
terms of land area, the largest urban barangay is Barangay V while the smallest is Barangay
II.
Rural barangays, on the other hand, covers 97.95% or 6,564.10 ha of the total
Municipal area. Among them, rural barangays that are more than 300 ha are Barangays
Kaysuyo (728.26 ha), Buck Estate (394.09 ha), Taywanak Ibaba (317.26 ha), and Taywanak
Ilaya (300.96 ha). Rural barangays that are less than 150 ha are Barangays Luksuhin Ibaba
(129.21 ha), Bilog (128.29 ha), Luksuhin Ilaya (108.86 ha), and Sinaliw Munti (98.59 ha)
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Table. Land Area Distribution by Barangay, 2020

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The Municipality of Alfonso is generally characterized by agricultural land. About

65.50% or 4,389.68 ha is devoted to agriculture, hence, Alfonso is considered as an
agriculture-based Municipality. While, agri-industries cover 0.90% or 60.62 ha of the total
land area. Urban use areas, on the other hand, accounts to 25.00% or 1,675.60 ha of which
19.96% or 1,337.43 ha of the total Municipal land area belongs to residential areas.
Residential areas are mainly found in Poblacion, Barangays Luksuhin Ibaba and Buck
Estate, and along the road networks. About 1.17% or 78.16 ha belongs to commercial areas
which include the public markets, talipapa, grocery stores, and other commercial
establishments. These areas are found in the Poblacion and Barangay Luksuhin Ibaba.
Infrastructure and Utilities include roads and public utility terminals which occupies 222.18
ha or 3.32% of the total land area. Government institutions, schools, and churches belong to
institutional areas which cover 0.44% or 29.30% of the total land area. Meanwhile, other
urban areas are industrial and parks and open spaces which occupy 0.45 ha (0.01%) and
8.08 ha (0.12%), respectively. Planned Unit Development (PUD) refers to projects that a
developer or planner secured and submitted a plan conforming to the standards for
residential/condominium projects. An area of 163.91 ha or 2.45% of the total municipal area
is considered as PUD. Other land uses in the Municipality are tourism areas (4.15 ha),
cemeteries and memorial parks (4.19 ha), sanitary waste management facilities (0.80 ha),
and rivers and creeks (402.79 ha).
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General Land Use, 2019

Land Use Development Trend

Land use from 2010 to 2019 showed noticeable differences due to the aid of GIS
software, more accurate maps and land area measurements were obtained. Agricultural land
significantly decreased by 545.36 ha or 11.05%. These lands were converted to urban uses,
particularly commercial uses which increased by 309.86% from 2010 to 2019. Tourism areas
and sanitary facilities also decreased by 42.52% and 2.44%, respectively. Aside from
commercial areas, land uses that increased by more than 200% are parks and open spaces
and agri-industrial establishments.
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Land Use Trend, 2010 and 2019

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General Land Use (2019)

Transportation
Transportation facilities and road networks are essential in daily living. Transport
facilities allow the residents of Alfonso to go to their workplace and procure goods and
services that they need and want. Road networks, on the other hand, allow the transport of
goods and stimulate economic activities in the Municipality.

Roads and Bridges

Inventory of Roads by Classification, Length, Type of Pavement Total road network
of Alfonso stretches 150.26 km of which 44.85% or 67.39 km are classified as barangay
roads. Provincial roads stretch 51.84 km or 34.50% of the total road length. National and
municipal roads stretch 25.49 km and 3.68 km, respectively. In terms of road surface, all
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national and municipal roads are concreted. While only 22.38% of provincial roads are
concreted, 73.28% are gravel, and the remaining is asphalt (4.34%). Surface of barangay
roads, on the other hand, are 12.49% concrete, 14.80% gravel, and 72.71% earth-fill.
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Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Tabe. Inventory of Roads by Classification, Length, and Type of Pavement, 2019

Inventory of Bridges by Barangay and Administrative Classification

At present, there are 23 bridges in Alfonso of which majority are concrete and three
(3) are bailey bridges. In terms of administrative classification, three (3) are classified as
national, 12 as provincial, and eight (8) as barangay. See Table 65 for the location of each
bridge.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Inventory of Public Land Transport Services/Utilities by Type/Classification and Frequency of

Trips
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

The Municipality of Alfonso has an accessible transport facility with frequent bus and
jeepney trips available daily every 15 mins, from 3:00 AM to 11:00 PM. The established
route is from Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) to Alfonso and vice-versa.
Registered tricycles in the Municipality are 1,170 while registered jeepneys and buses are
296 and 64, respectively.

Table. Inventory of Public Land Transport Services/Utilities by Type and

Route/Destination, 2019

Inventory of Land transportation Terminals by Type and Condition

There are two (2) available land transportation terminals in the Municipality, both are
bus terminals and in good condition. The Altron Gasoline Station and Parking Lot is located
in Barangay Mangas I which occupies 2.70 ha and has an available comfort room. While the
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Cavite – Batangas Transport Service Cooperative occupies 3.40 ha in Barangay III. Facilities
available in the terminal are canteen, vulcanizing, shop, comfort room, and waiting area.

Table. Land Transportation Terminals by Location and Condition, 2019

Vehicular Traffic Accident Data by Type and Severity for the Last Three Years

Vehicular accidents for the past three (3) years showed a fluctuating trend. From 60 cases in
2017 it significantly decreased the next year resulting in only 11 cases. However, it
increased to 19 cases the following year. Most accidents for the past three (3) years
occurred in Barangay Amuyong and Luksuhin Ilaya with 13 and 11 cases, respectively.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Vehicular Traffic Accident by Type for the Last Three Years, 2017-2019

Buildings, Structures, and Facilities

Residential Buildings and Houses Number of residential buildings by condition is

shown in Table. Latest data recorded by the PSA showed that as of 2010 there’s an
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

additional 224 occupied housing units. Majority or 161 units need no repair or need minor
repair, 39 units need major repair, 15 units are under construction, and 9 units are unfinished
units.

Table. Number of Residential Buildings by Condition, 2010

Tourism Buildings and Facilities

All tourist establishments in the Municipality are accessible all year round by land.
Almost all of the road leading to each establishment is cemented and in good condition. The
distance of each establishment from the nearest highway is shown inTable.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Table. Accessibility of Tourist Establishments and Facilities, 2019

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Industrial Building and Agricultural Structure

Farm-to-market roads ease the transportation of goods and stimulate economic
activities in the Municipality. As of 2019, 27 farm-to-market roads were constructed in
different barangays which stretches 40.99 km. All roads were concreted and rehabilitated.
The local government also has existing projects to construct additional farm-to-market roads.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Table. Existing Farm to Market Roads, 2019

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Communication Facilities and Structures

Alfonso Postal Corporation provides postal services in the Municipality. However,

only (1) letter carriers distribute letters in the whole Municipality.

Water Supply and Distribution System

Number of Connections and Average Water Consumption

In 2019, the total recorded average water consumption is 1,640.01 cu.m. Although
there are only nine (9) connections under other type of consumers it has the highest average
water consumption with 1,044.70 cu.m. Residential consumers have the highest number of
connections (1,511) but only 208.75 cu.m. were consumed. Commercial consumers, on the
other hand, have 98 connections and water consumption of 381.22 cu.m. There is only one
(1) connection for industrial consumers of which it has an average water consumption of
5.34 cu.m.

Table. Number of Connections and Avergae Water Consumption, by Type of Consumer:

Waterworks System, 2019

Households served by the local waterworks system per barangay is shown in Table
73. In general, 98.63% or 10,980 HH are served by the local waterworks system. Moreover,
thirteen barangays are 100% served.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Table. Level III Water Supply System by Barangay and Number

Level I Water System

Level I water supply system refers to shallow wells and developed springs with an
outlet but without a distribution system. As of 2019, 17 barangays and 96 households are
served by level I water supply systems. This accounts to only 0.86% of the total households.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Table. Level I Water Supply System by Barangay and Number of Households Served, 2019

Power Supply and Distribution System

Electricity
Source: Data Projection from 2015 PSA Census on Housing

Majority of the total households in the municipality used electricity as their fuel for
lighting with 13, 884 number of connections given by the local electricity provider. For the
last three years there has been an increasing number of connections and power
consumptions within the municipality. The household electrification statistics also shows that
there is an increase number of households with electrical connections
.
Power Transmission/Distribution Line

Based on the household electrification survey done by the barangay officials in the
municipality, there is an increase in the number of households being supplied with electricity
from 2018 to 2020. As indicated in their report, the number of households electrified is higher
than the total household recorded because this number is only based on the 2015 census
report of PSA.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Table. Household Power Transmission, 2018-2020

Number of Connections and Average Power Consumption

Table shows that the number of connections steadily increased from 2018 to 2020. With this
increasing trend, the average power consumption also increased in these years.

Table. Number of Connections and Average Power Consumption Per Year

Waste Disposal Facilities

At present, the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources (MENRO) serve as

the forearm in the implementation of Solid Waste Management Programs. The office is
responsible for the collection, treatment, processing, disposal of wastes, and maintenance of
the disposal facility.
Waste Disposal Facilities At present, the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources (MENRO) serve as the forearm in the implementation of Solid Waste
Management Programs. The office is responsible for the collection, treatment, processing,
disposal of wastes, and maintenance of the disposal facility.
Section 32 of RA 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 mandates the
establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

barangays. As discussed in the 10-year solid waste management plan, upon the completion
of MRFs in each barangay, strict implementation of no segregation, no collection policy will
be imposed. Moreover, there will be a yearly launch of the Search for Cleanest and
Greenest Barangay, as planned by the Office of the Mayor and Tourism Office.
The current MRF in Barangay Marahan I will serve as a Central Material Recovery
Facility and Composting Facility. The project will direct and solve the current garbage
disposal problem through combined technologies in waste recovery, recycling, composting,
safe keeping, and disposal of special wastes. Special waste is minimal in the Municipality
and the LGU is planning to have a confinement area in the MRF for the collected special
waste and contact a private hauler that will assist for proper disposal. Segregated wastes
are collected in nine (9) barangays with a scheduled garbage collection. At present, an
existing open area is utilized in the MRF to segregate collected wastes. There is also a built-
up area large enough to house the biodigesters, shredders, and an open area where other
activities related to composting are done.

Table. Schedule of Garbage Collection

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Barangay Sicat also has an operational MRF wherein the barangay council manages
the collection of segregated wastes. Biodegradable wastes are made into compost while
recyclable materials are sold to junk shops.
In terms of generated wastes, there are approximately 1.5 tons collected from the
Poblacion, Barangays Marahan II, II and Sicat. It is estimated that an individual produces
around 0.30 kg of waste daily. Moreover, it is projected that by 2030, generated waste will be
around 11,472,921 kg.

Alternative Technologies for Residual Waste

Residual wastes like soiled plastic bags, disposable plastic items, cloth, films, foil
wrappers, disposable batteries, tarpaulins, Styrofoam etc. are the wastes being dumped in
the waste disposal facility. But there are still technologies to convert these wastes into
another useful product. The plastic sachets of some grocery items can be grinded and mixed
with cement and sand and become hollow blocks; they can also be made into hats and
bags, like tarpaulins can. Another is, empty plastic sachets of fruit juices can be used in soil
bagging to be planted with assorted fruit and forest tree seedlings needed in the National
Greening Program, and is very timely today.
Our municipality can have a tour to some local government units within the province
already practicing these alternative technologies and we can do it also in our town as one
way of reducing our residual wastes. Also, the strict implementation of the municipality's
ordinance on the Prohibition and Regulation of Certain Plastic Usage is remarkable since it
reduces the residual waste of the municipality
The Office of Social Welfare (DSWD) in cooperation with the Mayor's Office provides
a budget through bottom-up budgeting on the implementation of hollow block making.

Special Waste Including Health Care Waste

Special waste in the municipality is minimal; they came from households and
commercial establishments. The municipality has a plan to have a confinement area In the
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

MRF for the collected special waste and contact a private hauler who can assist for the
proper disposal.
On the Health Care Waste, we have a plan to coordinate with a private entity who will handle
the hauling of the health care waste. As for now we are preparing documents needed to
have a MOA to Integrated Waste Management Incorporated for the hauling of Healthcare
Waste. To start, we must coordinate to all owners and operators of all establishments that
the business is related to health producing hazardous waste.
(Data Source: 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan)

Source Reduction
The municipality has adopted the plastic ordinance of the province, hence,
implementing in the market and other business establishments the reduction of plastic use;
like avoiding the double handling of plastic in the goods that already wrap in plastic and
giving leaflets to every business owner that renews their business permits. Continuous IEC
in the minimizing of the use of plastic bags and encouraging them to use recyclable bags.

Processing Facilities
An open area is being utilized for receiving and conducting on-site segregation while
a building sufficient enough to house the bio- digesters and shredders was constructed
years before the enactment of RA 9003. The building was also provided. with an open space
where other activities related to composting are being conducted, while part of the open
space available was being utilized in storing sifted compost. chicken manure, and rice hull or
saw dust in sacks which will be used in the treatment of compostable materials collected.
Hand washing facilities and comfort rooms were also provided while a water pump power
house that supplies all water needed in different on-site activities was constructed
contagious to the building The Municipality has its Material Recovery Facility located at Brgy.
Marahan I. Alfonso, Cavite Recovery of recyclable wastes and composting is being
implemented in the said facility.
The Office of Municipal Agriculture put up a project called "Verme Culture, wherein
the biodegradable waste collected from Poblacion will be shredded and used for their
composting.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Barangay Sicat in Alfonso has an operational MRF wherein the barangay council manages
the collection of segregated garbage, then composting the biodegradable,selling the
recyclable materials to junk shops and scheduled collection of residual waste by the LGU.
There are also two barangays, Marahan 1 & 2 wherein the barangay council collects their
garbage and confines it in a designated area, for the collection of residual waste by LGU.

Final Disposal
The composted waste from Vermiculture composting will be sold to the farmer and
other concerned citizens as their organic fertilizer which will be utilized in their farm and
garden. The recyclable materials will be sold to the junk shop and the collected money will
be used as funds for the garbage collectors.
A contract to a private hauler for hauling of residual waste to a private ecological
waste management facility. A central MRF is considered as a temporary storage area
wherein the residual waste is confined before the hauling of private hauler who will deliver to
private SLF.

Special Wastes
A private hospital, Dr. Rodolfo Poblete Memorial Hospital (DRPMH-DLSU), located at
Poblacion is a branch of DLSU Hospital in Dasmariñas City, Cavite has a hauler of their
special waste and only the municipal waste will be collected by the LGU

Diverted Waste
Active participation of different sectors (schools, offices, business establishments,
religious groups, institutions and others) in the recycling and composting of garbage.
Recyclable materials generated in the areas covered were collected by the scrap buyers
operating in different barangays and schools in the municipality indicating that communities
are participating in the waste segregation. In rural areas, composting of biodegradable waste
is also practiced. A contract with a private SLF is in process. This encourages the barangay,
through their BSWMC, to put up an MRF, even a small one for the start.

Generated Waste
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Waste collected from the Poblacion area, Brgy. Marahan 1 & 2, Brgy. Sicat and from
the public offices and institutions hauled to the disposal facility is estimated to be around 1.5
tons daily. If it is estimated that an individual produces around 0.3 kg of waste daily, the
figure does not include the amount of waste diverted and the amount of waste turned into
compost through yard composting and those which were not set out to be collected during
scheduled collection time. The figure is also greatly affected or reduced since many
household members employed in nearby municipalities and cities used to generate less
waste, while other family members occasionally return during weekends.

Disposal
Upon the construction of the Material Recovery Facility in every barangay and in
every barangay cluster, strict implementation of no segregation, no collection, the Plastic
Ordinance and the yearly launching of the Search for Cleanest and Greenest Barngay, as
planned by the Office of the Mayor and the Tourism Office. All biodegradable wastes will be
composted at municipal MRF and converted into compost.
The Municipality of Alfonso will be using its MRF to be its Central Material Recovery
Facility and Composting Facility. The project plan will direct and solve the current garbage
disposal problem of the municipality through the combined technologies in waste recovery,
recycling, composting, safe keeping and disposal of special wastes.
By 2030, it is projected that Alfonso will require a total area of 5.21 hectares for its
solid waste management.

HOUSING
At present, the Municipality is confronted with various problems concerning the
provision of ideal and decent housing facilities for some of our constituents. This problem
occurred due to rapid urbanization of adjacent communities which brought major
environmental and economic impacts. People started to migrate from one place to another
creating imbalance in resources of the host community. As a result, many migrants seeking
better opportunities were forced to settle anywhere just to survive. Hence, the proliferation of
housing issues.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Consistent with Section 9, Article Ill of the Philippine Constitution which mandates the
provision of decent housing and basic services to the underprivileged and the homeless, this
agency has embarked on the formulation of Alfonso Local Shelter Plan.
Over ten years by 2030, the municipality will have a total of 3,576 housing concerns
that need to be addressed. are low-income families who have no access to high formal
housing markets. It is imperative therefore that a plan must be formulated to answer these
needs. Moreover, this plan is primarily in compliance with the Supreme Court mandamus on
Manila Bay Clean Up Drive as embodied in GR 171947- 48, Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act or Republic Act 10121 and RA 9279 or the Climate Change Act.
To ensure the successful realization of this plan, various government sectors and
private entities are needed to provide interventions. The degree of their participation must be
laid out to create a balance of their roles and participation. Executive Order No. 90, s. 1986,
identified the following government agencies essential Home Mortgage Finance Corporation
(NHMFC), the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board or HLURB, the Home Financing
Corporation, and Home Insurance & Guaranty Corporation.
While our ultimate goal is to provide decent housing for our constituents, it is also our
concern to empower them by providing job opportunities that would sustain their economic
status in life. This will serve as the matrix to gauge efficiency and success of our housing
program.

(Source: Alfonso Local Shelter Plan)

Inventory of Cemeteries and Memorial Parks

Latest data showed that there are a total of five (5) existing cemeteries and memorial
parks in Alfonso. Three (3) of which are public and two (2) are private. Public cemeteries
have a total capacity of 9,179 plots, however, plot capacity in private cemeteries was not
accounted for. The largest cemetery is the Alfonso Municipal Cemetery which occupies an
area 1.60 ha and has a total capacity of 7,793 plots with additional lots. Followed by the
private Memorial Park owned by ID Dinglasan Corporation in Barangay III with an area of
0.81 ha. The smallest cemetery is the Alfonso Mausoleum Park in Barangay IV which only
occupies 0.10 ha and has a total capacity of 200 plots.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Table. Existing Cemetery and Memorial Park, 2019

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

A. Vision
"Bayang pangarap, sentro ng agrikultura at turismo, may maunlad na kalakalan,
matatag, payapa at ligtas na pamayanan na nililinang ng maka-Diyos at disiplinadong
Alfonseño na may pagpapahalaga sa de-kalidad na edukasyon at pangkalahatang
kalusugan na ginagabayan ng Responsableng Serbisyo ng pamunuan."
Alfonso, the center of agri-ecotourism in Cavite, is where God-fearing and disciplined
citizens live in a safe, peaceful, and prosperous community led by a transparent and
inclusive government that promotes sustainable development, provides basic social
services, and has genuine concern for the environment.

B. Mission
Maisakatuparan ang pananaw ng bayan ng Alfonso sa pamamagitan ng
Responsableng Serbisyo. The local government of Alfonso exists to promote sustainable
development, provide basic social services, and create a safe, peaceful, and prosperous
community for the betterment of its people's welfare and overall well-being through
progressive, transparent, and inclusive leadership that has a genuine concern for their
natural resources and environment.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

To provide a better quality of life to the residents through the enhancement of

agricultural productivity, trade, commerce and industry, and other local economic
opportunities; to provide improved and adequate service infrastructures and utilities: to attain
sustainable tourism and environmental management; and to deliver effective and responsive
government machineries for a secured, peaceful and healthy community

Goal 1: Center of Agri-ecotourism in Cavite

Objectives:
● To improve the farm-to-market roads and other agricultural support facilities To
strengthen the municipality's strong agricultural market chain.
● To industrialize the agricultural process of the municipality To strengthen the
municipality's tourism sector.
● To utilize the potential of the natural landforms of Alfonso to create natural hike trails
and walking areas.
● To develop agritourism farm and learning sites To preserve and improve existing
natural tourism attractions/destinations.
● To strengthen the skills and livelihood of farmers through program Intervention.

Goal 2: Safe, peaceful, and prosperous community

Objectives:
● To allocate and utilize land areas for housing of Alfonso residents To enhance
existing health and sanitation facilities in the municipality.
● To attract developers to construct first class subdivisions as this will open up more
commercial establishments and business opportunities.
● To implement better planned traffic schemes and ordinances.

Goal 3: Transparent and inclusive governance

Objectives:
● To improve the municipal and fiscal management system.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

● To promote and implement different laws, ordinances, and policies efficiently To

increase involvement of private sectors for project collaborations and
implementations.
● To strengthen the character and capabilities of, and relationship between the local
government unit staff through workshops, seminars and training.

Goal 4: Growth-oriented sustainable development

Objectives:
● To renovate and redesign the public market
● To strengthen the furniture and upholstery industry
● To introduce new businesses by reaching out to public and private sectors outside of
Alfonso
● To strengthen the food industry
● To allocate funding for alternative sources of electricity
● To improve water production capacity in order to serve other areas and future
demands To implement the construction of a centralized wastewater treatment plant
● To enhance road access and expand road networks to and within the municipality
● To improve and expand the environmental management services
● To improve local economic development and services
● To implement housing development initiatives
● To establish health-related facilities
● To improve institutional developments

Goal 5: Enhanced quality of life of Alfonseños (basic social services)

Objectives:
● To ensure adequate local professional social welfare personnel
● To improve the basic social service facilities in the locality
● To provide quality education
● To provide intervention programs for the social welfare services beneficiaries
● To promote values formation in the community
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

● To implement health-related programs that will be accessible to every

barangay/community

DEVELOPMENT THRUSTS AND STRATEGIES

Social Education
1. Establishment of additional classrooms
2. Provision of additional school equipment institutional development
3. of funding for acquisition of environmentally safe lot areas for Encouraging developers to
engage/invest institutional development
4. Encouraging developers to engage/invest in institutional development
5. Expansion and further development of tertiary education program

Health and Sanitation

1. Improvement of health facilities
2. Allocation of fund for the establishment of additional Barangay Health Stations
3. Compliance to the standard number of RHU staff
4. Expansion of cemetery areas
5. Establishment of Public Hospital, Dialysis Center and Birthing Home Facilities
6. Conduct IEC and distribute IEC materials for health to the community
7. Implementation of proper waste management system

Housing and Resettlement

1. Allocation and provision of funds for housing
2. Relocation of households living in riverbanks, or along the roads, or in other
hazard prone areas.
3. Acquisition of additional residential land for the provision of affordable, decent, and
disaster-resilient housing development
4. Engage housing developers to participate in socialized housing.

Social Welfare Services

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Establishment of Barangay Multi-purpose Halls for community events and activities

1. Rehabilitation/Retrofitting of existing Multi-purpose Halls to a more disaster- resilient
structure
2. Establishment of Recreational Facility for PWDs, Senior Citizens and Children
3. Establishment of Intervention Center for Drug Dependents
4. Establishment of Crisis Center for neglected children and the elderly
5. Establishment of Child Care Facility
6. Implementation of child protection program
7. Implementation of educational assistance program to in-school and out-of- school youths
8. Implementation of financial assistance program to Solo Parents and PWDs in crisis
9. Implementation of Medical Assistance Program and Endowment Program for Senior
Citizens

Protective Services
1. Installation of solar street lights and CCTVs.
2. Rehabilitation of existing streetlights.
3. Compliance to the policemen-firemen to population ratio

Sports and Recreation

1. Establishment of Sports Academy and Training Center
2. Improvement and retrofitting of existing sports and recreation centers

Employment and Livelihood

1. Livelihood Program to augment income for Solo Parents and Persons with Disability 2.
Conduct employment assistance and job fair
3. Implementation of Special Program of the Employment of Students and Government
Internship Program

Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation

1. Establishment of Evacuation Center
2 Conduct IEC on Disaster Preparedness
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

3. Implementation of DRRM Plans and Trainings

4. Provision of emergency assistance to affected households
5. Provision of Evacuation and Shelter Program 6 Implementation of CCA-DRR resilient
design to new construction and rehabilitation of different structures and developments

ECONOMIC

Agriculture
1. Provision of agriculture production-related trainings to farmers
2. Allocation of funding support for the acquisition of post-harvest facilities and other
agricultural machinery
3. Provision of proper irrigation system
4. Provision of financial grants to farmers
5. Strengthening of farmers cooperatives, association and other organizations
6. Provision of agriculture-related and alternative livelihood trainings and seminars to
farmers
7. Strict implementation of land-use regulations, laws, ordinances, and policies
8. Development of rural road network linking primary farming areas to trade centers
9. Improvement of Trading Post
10. Introduction of environmentally-safe farming method and techniques such organic
farming, soil fertilization

Commerce and Trade

1. Strict Implementation of a workable traffic improvement plan
2. Local government incentivization of residential development to attract developers to
construct first class subdivisions
3. LGU with the assistance of the province to allocate funding for the construction of a
slaughterhouse.
4. Improvement and rehabilitation of road infrastructure
5. Allocation of funding for renovation/retrofitting of Alfonso public market
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

6. Establishment and improvement of talipapa or flea market to contribute in the Livelihood

of the community
7. Streamlining of business registration processes and lowering business transaction costs
8. Establishment of high-density commercial districts in the new growth areas
9. Formulation of IRR to established Local Economic Enterprises

Industry
1. LGU partnering with public and private sectors for possible projects that will boost the
industry
2. Establishment of Food Processing Facility

Tourism
1. Development of marketing strategies for promoting eco-tourism in Alfonso
2. Improvement and maintenance of existing tourism attractions/destinations 3.
Development of tourism-related business opportunities
3. Provision of government incentives geared towards tourism-related businesses

Infrastructure and Utilities Transportation

1. Formulation of effective traffic management ordinances and schemes
2. Implementation of ordinance which regulates parking along main roads, especially in
Poblacion and areas near Public Market
3. Road widening/expansion projects to comply with DPWH guidelines
4. Replacement or improvement of temporary bailey bridges that serve as alternative traffic
routes
5. Maintenance of quality of roads, and adaptation of resilient road design
6. Building designated terminals for routes within and outside the municipality

Power
1. Build alternative sustainable power source for the community, i.e. solar farms, waste-to-
energy facilities
2. Coordination with utility provider on the improvement of power supply and stability of lines
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

3. Implementation of ordinance for regular inspection of power supply lines

4. Widening of coverage reached by electrical power

Water
1. Improvement of local water facilities and development of water districts and system
networks in barangays
2. Proposal for the construction of centralized wastewater treatment plant
3. Proposal on education campaign of locality on sustainable water resource management
4. Formation of team designated on the management of water supply and demand data, and
of wastewater and management body
5. Relocation of households and settlements located near riverbanks
6. Construction of a centralized sewerage and septage infrastructure system

Information and Communication Technology

1. Improvement of telephone lines and communication signals

Land Use and Environment

1. Promotion of organic farming
2. Development and improvement of identified natural sites for recreational activities such as
hiking, bike trailing, and trekking.
3. Passage of ordinance for no build zone areas
4. Strict implementation of a workable traffic improvement plan
5. Strict implementation of legal easement as provided by law
6. Adoption of River Basin/ Watershed Approach in planning
7. Implementation of DRR Management Plan
8. Consultation with Project NOAH's data in coordination with DOST
9. Establishment of buffer zones in danger areas
10. Strict implementation of RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Program)
11. Strict implementation of the Water Code, particularly on easement as provided by law
12. Empowering the local residents in safeguarding the environment
13. Strict implementation of laws, ordinances and policies on proper waste disposal
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

PREFERED DEVELOPMENT THRUST

The municipality of Alfonso, being blessed with natural resources and geographic
location, opted to pursue Agri-ecotourism Development. With the ideal geographic location,
cool climate together with the topographic characteristic and fertile soil, it is advantageous to
pursue agricultural development along with the ecotourism as agricultural crops and tourist
spots are considered high earners in attracting tourists.

MAJOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

1. Entice development in identified growth areas through the provision of social service
facilities: (Poblacion Area, Mangas 2, and surrounding barangays).
2. Conservation and protection of natural sites and hentage i.e., landscapes, critical habitat
and river and spring systems (Alcague- Littitan River, Alas-as River, Buruhan River,
Kaytitinga River, Isinungan River and Sinaliw Spring).
3. Enforce the setback requirements along public roads for yield points/loading- unloading
bay
4. Establish new ecological waste management facility in an identified location that will
satisfy the site requirements provided by section 40 of the Republic Act No. 9003
5. Commercial and Light Industrial Areas (food processing) in Kaytitinga 3.
6. Provision of structural mitigation measures (special land use planning) for hazard prone
eras
7. Provision of housing relocation for settlers in blighted areas and hazard prone areas in
Barangay Sinals Malaki, Barangay Santa Teresa and Barangay Taywanak Ibaba
8. Promotion of organic farming in identified Agri-Ecotourism areas 9. Provision of additional
Barangay Health Stations
10. Establish the New Government Center at Mangas 2
11. Establish the Sports Academy and Training Center near the New Government Center
12. Establish the Kalinga Center Evacuation Center in Buck Estate
13. Improvement and rehabilitation of the following roads: Alfonso-Maragondon, Matagbac-
Kayltinga, Maragondon- Magallanes-Amuyong Road, Tagaytay-Batangas via Tuy Road, and
Indang-Alfonso via Luksuhin Road
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

14. Renovation and/ or retrofitting of Alfonso Public Market in Luksuhin Ibaba

15. Establishment of high-density commercial districts in the Poblacion area
16. Development of marketing strategies for promoting eco-tourism in Barangays
17. Establishment of a designated terminal for routes within and outside the municipality
18. Establishment of sustainable power source for the community, i.e., solar farms and
waste-to-energy facilities at Marahan 1
19. Adoption of Urban Design and Development as stated in Chapter 9 of the 2020 -2030
Master Plan of the Municipality of Alfonso, Cavite.

THE CONCEPT/STRUCTURE PLAN

The proposed pattern of urban development for the municipality of Alfonso is derived
from the Burgess Concentric Zone Model wherein the Poblacion area is identified as the
Central Business District or the center of development. Outside the Poblacion barangays is
identified as the Industrial / Transitional Zone; Matagbak 1, Marahan1, Marahan 2, and parts
of Taywanak llaya, Pajo, and Esperanza Ibaba. The designated Working-Class Zone are
parts of Matagbak 1, parts of Matagbak 2, Sinaliw Malaki, Kaytilinga 1, and Santa Teresa.
The barangays inside the Middle-Class Zone are Kaytitinga 1, Kaytitinga 2, Kaytitinga 3,
Bilog, Palumlum, Sulsugin, Mangas 1, and Esperanza Ibaba. The identified High-Class
Multi-Purpose Zone are the barangays at the lower portion of Alfonso: Amuyong, Buck
Estate, Upli, Luksuhin llaya, Luksuhin Ibaba, Sikat, Mangas 2. Esperanza Ilaya, and part of
Sulsugin.
In the Poblacion Area, developments shall be allowed along major roads but limited
to residential, commercial, tourism and institutional uses only. These shall include Brgys.
Poblacion 1, Poblacion 2, Poblacion 3, and Poblacion 4.
The identified secondary growth areas are Mangas 1. Luksuhin ibaba, parts of Bilog and
Kaytitinga 3.
A Socialized Housing area is being identified at Brgy. Taywanak Ibaba, Brgy.
Sinaliw Malaki and Brgy. Santa Teresa, in compliance with Section 18 of R.A. 7279.
Tourism related developments are encouraged at areas along the Tagaytay-Nasugbu road
and areas near rivers and tributaries. An agri-industrial zone will be placed near one of the
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

future exits of the proposed Cavite-Tagaytay-Batangas Expressway which is at Brgy.

Kaytitinga 3.

Concept Map

LAND USE PLAN 2020-2030

In 2020, agriculture areas still remain as the largest with 4352.00 ha which is 62.18%
of the total land area of Alfonso despite the 5% decrease from its previous area of 4583.71
due to the need for expansion of other land categories such as residential, commercial,
infrastructure and more.
Residential areas as second with the largest portion of the land area of the
municipality will have an area of 1568.91 ha or 22.42% of the total land area. It receives an
additional 161.83 ha of land allotted for the increasing household population, doubled-up
household, resettlement for households living in danger zones and for the construction of
settlements areas for incoming population as result of the decongestion of urban cities and
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

municipalities in the province of Cavite. For 2020, an additional 15.76 ha or 0.22% of the
total land area is intended for socialized housing
Rivers and creeks are the third largest land category, having 420.60 ha to secure the
protection of rivers from pollution as well as to protect the population from hazards such as
flooding and landslides during the rainy season.
Infrastructure and utilities areas as fourth in terms of land area will increase to 272.57 ha
which is 3.89% of the total land area of the municipality. It has an additional allocation of
40.57 ha for the improvement or construction of transportation facilities such as roads to
cater the needs of the populace, to cater the incoming visitors to tourist sites and to easy
transport of goods, especially farm products, and services.
Development in a locality is characterized not only by increasing population,
increasing economic activities such as consumption and generation but also an Increasing
solid waste. Thus, the municipality decided to allocate a 28.00 ha dedicated ecological waste
management facility to ensure the proper disposal of the garbage as well as ensure
environmental protection and health security of the Alfonseños.
Increasing population will mean an increasing demand not only for housing or
infrastructure but also for goods and services that are under the functions of commercial
spaces. Commercial areas which include market spaces and shopping centers will have an
area of 164.77 ha in 2020 by means of an additional allocation of 83.15 ha.
Agri-Industrial areas will have 119.99 ha or 1.71% of the total area. It has received an
additional allocation of 56.69 ha to further accommodate possible investors. Moreover,
Industrial areas will have an allocation of 0.47.
Institutional areas will increase by 3.33 ha for the establishment of additional schools,
gymnasium, hospitals and health centers, social services facilities and government offices as
well as for disaster preparedness facilities and evacuation centers. Thus in 2020, the
institutional area is expected to have an area of 33.93 ha which is 0.48% of the total land
area of the municipality.
Cemeteries areas will increase by 8.74 ha to provide additional supply for the burial of the
increasing death rate of the municipality and even cater the burial of the departed from
neighboring city and municipalities. The additional area for cemeteries will also provide a
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

dedicated land for possible investors that might also increase the revenue of the
municipality.
Planned Unit Development (PUD) will receive an allotment of 4.39 ha or 0.06% from 171.16
from the previous planning period. Lot areas that were previously identified as PUD were
considered idle in the past years assuming that the lot owners don't have plans of
development in the near future, we tend to revert the 130.61 ha back to agriculture. The
PUD areas of the municipality will mainly concentrate on uses for residential, commercial,
and institutional and tourism combined.
Tourism areas will remain at 4.33 ha allocation for the construction of tourism
establishments such as hotels, restaurants, wellness centers and picnic areas as
preparation to the incoming tourists in the municipality.
Parks or playgrounds and other public recreational open spaces with a total area of 13.90 ha
in 2020 with the additional 5.46 ha to cater the needs for the proposed Alfonso Sports
Academy and Training Center in reference to Republic Act No.10682.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Table. Land Use Plan 2020-2030

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Land Use Plan (2020-2030)

SOCIAL SECTOR

Education
Education plays a significant role in the development of the municipality. It is a tool
for every Alfonseños in obtaining advanced employment, a higher consumer power. better
health, and accessibility to other services.
A higher number of Alfonseños who are well educated will be the key of the municipality in
obtaining economic development. Therefore, the municipality makes all the effort to provide
the needs for the improvement of educational facilities in the localities.

Health Sector
 Republic of the Philippines
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The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Health can be defined as physical, mental and social well-being and as a resource
for living a full life. It refers not only to the absence of disease but the ability to recover and
bounce back from illness and other problems.
Better health is central to human happiness and well-being. It also makes an
Important contribution to economic progress, as healthy populations live longer, are more
productive and save more. Many factors influence health status and the municipality's ability
to provide quality health services to its people.

Health Resources
To infer from the existing accessibility and availability of health services and the
morbidity and mortality statistics, the need for health care for Alfonso residents is fairly
answered. Health care services were provided up to secondary level as early as 1970 when
the Alfonso Doctor's Hospital, now Dr. Rodolfo Poblete Memorial Hospital - DLSU with 20
bed capacity was established. The Municipal Health Office is performing the primary health
care with emphasis on the preventive aspect. For tertiary health needs for treatment and
hospitalization, residents availed of the services of the University Medical Center in
Dasmariñas, Cavite, Tagaytay Medical Center in Tagaytay City, Korea Philippines
Friendship Hospital and Gen, Emilio Aguinaldo Memorial Hospital in Trece Martires City.
Cavite, Silang Specialists Medical Center in Silang Cavite, Batangas Provincial Hospital in
Lemery, Batangas and other hospitals with complete facilities in Metro Manila.
Alfonso is projected to have a total population of 62, 457 by 2030. This is where all
computations for the accomplishments and targets were based. It has a young population
where the majority comprises the 15-49 years old. The population has 14,706 male and
14,647 females. Total live births are 258 and the total deaths are 305. For 2019, Crude birth
rate is 12-22 and Crude Death Rate is at 5.44, Infant Mortality Rate is 23.5. There are 6
Early Neonatal Deaths and 2 Maternal Mortality.
The Municipality of Alfonso has a Rural Health Unit (RHU) which has one (1)
Municipal Health Officer, one (1) Public Health Nurse, five (5) Public Health Midwives, one
(1) ABTC Nurse, and three (3) Sanitary Inspectors. RHU dispenses basic health care
services such as maternal and child care, immunization, treatment of simple medical
conditions, nutrition, family planning, sanitary health care, emergency treatment and health
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

education. Their major services include mostly the diagnostic and advisory and referral
aspects of health care.

Protective Services
The residents of Alfonso enjoy a quiet and peaceful life, which has been established
in the past and became a permanent element in the framework of the town's progress. The
obtaining peace and order has been established notwithstanding the limited personnel
complement and equipment. Forty-Six (46) Policemen and four (4) Non- Uniformed
Personnel (NUP), Sixteen (16) Firemen and Two (2) fire aides provide protective services to
the community.
The Municipal Peace and Order Council (MPOC), Municipal Disaster Coordinating
Council (MDCC). Municipal Anti-Drug Abuse Council (MADAC). People's Law Enforcement
Board (PLEB) and the Women's and Children's Desk are present in the LGU All other
requirements as to the effectiveness of these councils are met such as: (Conduct weekly
Police information & Education (PI & E) to promptly disseminate all the directives from higher
offices, conduct Value Formation Seminars to all Police personnel, campaigns against illegal
drugs and street crimes, conduct Productivity Skills training for Women Welfare program.
etc.)
Programs, projects and activities such as Police Information & Education (PI & E) to
promptly disseminate all the directives from higher offices, conduct Value Formation
Seminars to all police personnel, campaigns against illegal drugs and street crimes, on
peace and order are being implemented by the local PNP to its fullest measure. Barangay
intelligence networks are organized in all of the barangays and are always keeping in touch
with the PNP.
In addition to peace and order programs, the Municipality had organized the Disaster
Coordinating Council which plans, Implements and monitors programs and projects before,
during, and after calamities. Every quarter the council meets to assess and monitor the
implementation of the programs and to provide assistance to the Barangay Disaster
Coordinating Committees.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

3.2.2.2 Micro Site

The site was located in Alfonso, Cavite with an area of 1371221.0928 sq.m. or 137
hectares

The View Around the Site

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

NORTH VIEW

EAST VIEW
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

WEST VIEW

SOUTH VIEW
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Technical Site Data

● Lot Size
The chosen area has an area of 1371221.0933 sq. m or 137 hectares
● Topography or Contour of Lot
The site was relatively flat
● Lot Configuration
The lot was irregular in configuration
● Zoning Classification
T The site was classified as Planned Unit Development
● Nature of Building Lots
The area was clear. There are no existing bodies of water within the site.
● Direction Approach
The site has an access from Trece Martires Road and South Luzon Expressway
● Existing Utilities
The utilities such as water supply, electricity, communication, and cell signals are
present in the area.
● Wind Orientation
Amihan or Northern Monsoon (January) occurs during the wet and dry season.
Habagat or Southwest Monsoon occurs only during the wet season.

3.2.3 Site Analysis

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
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Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

3.2.3.1 SWOT Analysis

a. Strengths
● Cost of Living
One of the major sources of livelihood in Alfonso is farming. Locally produced products are
cheaper at the source, and Alfonso, Cavite has an abundance of locally produced fruits,
vegetables, meat products, and even coffee beans.
● Cooler Weather
With the elevation of Alfonso, Cavite being over 400 meters above sea level, the weather
tends to be about 5 degrees cooler than Metro Manila. The months in the last quarter of the
year are generally cooler all over the country but in Cavite, it can become chilly and breezy.
● Accessibility
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
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One of the best reasons to invest in property in Cavite is its accessibility to Metro
Manila. With the Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) and Quirino Avenue up north, Daang Hari
and the Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway (MCX) down south and Marcos Alvarez Avenue over
to the east, there are many options to get to the Metro without feeling that you’ve actually left
the city. There is also an impressive road network to move around within Cavite the nearby
towns.
● Attractions
There is quite an impressive list of things to see and do in Alfonso, Cavite that can be
fun for the whole family. The scenic view of Taal Volcano along the ridge offers a wholesome
environment perfect for retirees, tourist haven and potential investors.
● Proposed Ecological Waste Management
To manage solid waste and mitigate health-related problems is also being
considered as one of the priority projects of the administration.
● Sustainability
The vast lands of Alfonso present great potential for solar farms to explore the
possibility of waste-to-energy facilities.
● Transportation
Enhanced Traffic schemes, road and bridge expansions and building of new terminals will
likewise provide an advanced transportation network for Alfonso.
● Communication
The availability of communications facilities in the urban and rural areas of the
municipality also supports the development of the municipality's agriculture, tourism and
residential as it is one of the important factors that investors would look upon capitalizing in a
locality.
● Other:
- There are commercial areas near the site
- The site is low risk to floods.
- The topography of the site is suitable for the proposed project.
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b. Weaknesses
● Majority of Alfonso's Road infrastructure is at a moderate to high risk of
possible landslide and ground shaking.
● There is a limited number of protective services personnel assigned for
emergency response and the occurrence of calamities.
c. Opportunities
● The construction of the project will open job opportunities, from the
construction of the project. Likewise, after the construction, the project will
offer job openings and employment opportunities.
● Locals and tourists will benefit from all daily conveniences at their doorstep. In
addition, locals and tourists will gain a community with excellent connectivity.
● The road near the site would provide easy access for the users which is
suitable for the proposed project.
d. Threats
● Site vulnerability during earthquakes and possibly volcanic eruptions.
● Storm is a common calamity in the Philippines as the country experiences
dozens of storms every year.

3.2.4 User’s Analysis

3.2.4.1 User’s Demography

To properly analyze the spaces that will be utilized by the following users, this
analysis will help to determine the spaces and the significant areas that should be included
during the building period. The organizational chart below shows the current departments,
divisions, and offices that the Geriatric Hospital has, including the expected users and
occupants that will be catered to.
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3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure

a. Level Hospital

b. Medical Service
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c. Nursing Service

d. Hospital Operations and Patient Support Service

e. Finance Service
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3.2.4.2 Behavioral Pattern/Analysis

CHAPTER IV
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Architectural Programming

In this chapter, the proponents will be presenting figurative illustrations and charts
that will serve as foundation for the elements and relations in the scope and organization of
the project.
Spatial Organization
Spatial organization will show the space requirements in making the project. This
chapter will also discuss the approximate area of each space required and the interrelation
of the spaces to one another.
4.1. Spatial Identification
4.1.1 Staffing Requirements
In this section, the nature of work of the users in each department will be explained
and also its component establishment. The Staffing Requirement refers to the study of the
staff of the building and their scope and tasks. The proponent divided each part depending
on their allocated development considering the project is a commercial complex. The staffing
pattern of a hospital is determined based on the assigned classification, bed capacity, and
organizational structure of the hospital.

A. Medical Staff
The medical staff is divided into general practitioners and specialists such as
surgeons, eye, ear, nose and throat specialists, internist, obstetricians, roentgenologist,
pathologists, radiologists, urologists, orthopedic surgeons, dermatologists and psychiatrists.
The number of general practitioners needed for each hospital is based on the ratio of one
general practitioner for every 1,000 population. The number and type of specialists required
to staff a hospital are variable depending on the services offered and the specialties and
subspecialties.

2. Medical Staff Positions

The Philippine hospitals’ standard for medical staffing is derived from the study
entitled “Developing Metrics for Hospital Medical Workforce Allocation” (Shannon, et al,
2007) which is used internationally. In addition, the DOH Administrative Order No. 2012-
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0012 dated July 18, 2012 entitled “Rules and Regulations Governing New Classification of
Hospitals and Health Facilities in the Philippines” is used as reference.
Based on the Shannon formula, DOH considered the last 3 years’ average increase
in inpatient discharges and outpatient visits for each level of hospitals to determine the
needed staff per level and bed capacity of the hospitals. The formula applied follows:

The total number of the required medical staff is based on the sum of the computed
number of Medical Specialists and Medical Officers. However, this does not include the
following:
a. Chief of the Medical Service
b. Head of the different Medical Departments
c. Medical Specialist and Medical Officers of the Pathology Department
d. Medical Specialist and Medical Officers of the Radiology Department

3. Computation of Additional Medical Staff for Teaching and Training Hospital

The number of resident physicians and interns will be governed by the type of
hospital or level of care delivered by a teaching and training hospital; and the accreditation
requirement of Specialty Societies.
The specialty requirements for training are the following:
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The considerations in number and types of medical specialists depend on the level of
care, number of inpatients and outpatients, authorized and implementing bed capacity,
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specialty services, capability of the hospital based on the physical structure, availability of
equipment, and presence of accredited residency training program, wherein the ratio of
medical specialist to resident physician depends on the particular specialty. In general, the
standard ratio of one surgeon for every 50 beds is applied.
E. Nursing Staff
Staffing of nurses is the largest and the most crucial aspect of administration
because the quality of the personnel and their performance will determine the degree of
achieving the goals of the Nursing Service. The goal of staffing is to provide the appropriate
number and mix of nursing staff (nursing care hours) to the actual or projected patient care
needs that will lead to the delivery of effective and efficient nursing care. This means
determining the level of care, average daily census, and hours of care provided for 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week.

1. Factors in Determining Nursing Staffing Needs •

● Patients Acuity of Illness
i. Level of Care
a) Obstetrics – Gynecology
b) Pediatrics
c) Medical
d) Surgical
ii. Degree of Dependence
iii. Communicability
iv. Rehabilitation Needs
● Special treatment and procedures
● Type of hospital
● Ratio of professional to non-professional nursing personnel
● Turn-over of patients and nursing personnel
● Hospital policy
i. Budget
ii. Available equipment/materials/supplies
iii. Population served.
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● Patient Care Classification System

Patient care classification allows a more accurate computation of nursing hours
needed for different categories of care and patients.
The manner of computing the required number of nursing personnel using the patient
care classification system shall consider such factors as the percentage of patients in each
level of care, the number of nursing care hours, ratio of professional nurses to non-
professional nursing personnel and distribution by shifts and number of relievers.

2. Required Staff to Patient/Bed Ratio

The nursing service staffing requirement shall adhere to the following staff
patient/bed ratio:

UNIT Nurse to Staff Ratio

Ward 1 Supervising Nurse (Nurse III) : 50 Staff

Nurses 1 Head Nurse (Nurse II) : 15 Staff Nurses
1 Staff Nurse ( Nurse I) : 12 beds per shift
1 Nursing Attendant : 24 beds per shift

Critical Care 1 Supervising Nurse (Nurse III) : 30 Staff

Nurses 1 Head Nurse (Nurse II) : 15 Staff Nurses
1 Staff Nurse (Nurse II) : 3 beds per shift
1 Nursing Attendant : 15 beds per shift

F. Other Hospital Professional Personnel in Indirect Patient Care Services

In general, units or sections needing 24 hours services will require a minimum of 5
personnel to fill the 24 hours-seven days a week schedule following the 40-hour labor law.
Hence, the Emergency Room, Operating Room, Delivery Room, X-ray, Laboratory and even
the Pharmacy staff requirements will need to be computed accordingly. With the operation of
DOH Botikas, additional pharmacists are needed. Also, with present demands for a
commercial pharmacy (service for outpatients as well), an extra pharmacist for such purpose
will be needed. In Dispensing Pharmacy, the ratio of pharmacist to administrative assistant
(pharmacy assistant) is: 1 pharmacist: 2 administrative assistants.
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The requirement for other allied health personnel is determined based on the time
and motion study conducted by DOH's National Center for Health Facility Development
(NCHFD). As the result of the study, the ratios of staff to bed capacity in the following units
are indicated below:
1. Pharmacy 1:25
2. Nutritionist-Dietetics 1:60
3. Medical Social Work 1:25
4. Health Information Management 1:20
(formerly Medical Records)

In addition to the hospital administrator, there will be required assistants, clerks,

bookkeepers, cooks, engineers, attendants, nurse aide, orderlies, janitors, maintenance
crew and others so that the total hospital personnel will amount to approximately two and
one half (2.5) for each occupied bed.

G. Supplemental Guidelines
1. The number and level of positions prescribed for each hospital category shall be the
maximum that will be allowed for the various organizational units. However, hospitals may
adopt a lesser number and lower levels of positions and/or merge different staff offices in the
internal management and support units, depending on their financial capability.
2. Hospitals that qualify for the next higher category shall adopt the corresponding
organizational structure and staffing pattern (OSSP) herein prescribed. However, the
hospital management has the option to adopt a leaner OSSP by merging the prescribed
organizational units or using lower-level positions. If the authorized bed capacity of a hospital
falls between two of the specified bed capacities in the standard staffing pattern, the higher
set of standards shall be applied if the number of beds is in excess of one half of their
difference.
3. Hospitals that are not qualified for upward categorization may continue to adopt their
existing OSSP provided that existing positions higher than those provided in the SP
prescribed for their appropriate category shall be abolished once vacated by their present
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incumbents. Hospitals may also be allowed to adopt the new OSSP prescribed for the
category that corresponds to their existing category approved by the DOH.
4. In the case of downward categorization, the hospitals shall adopt the model OSSP for the
new category, provided that incumbents of positions higher than those prescribed shall
continue to retain their positions. Once vacated, the same will be abolished and replaced by
those appropriate under the new category.
5. The security, dietary and utility services may be contracted out in accordance with
pertinent guidelines.
6. The Housekeeping, Linen and Laundry service may be contracted out but subject to
infection control mechanisms.
7. As an option, additional staff per approved Specialty/Subspecialty service may be
provided as part of the Medical Staff, contingent on the service capability of the particular
hospital and subject to the approval of the Department of Health. The number of staff is not
part of the regular staffing standards for Level 3 Hospitals.
The standard staffing pattern for each category of hospital and authorized bed
capacity is shown in the succeeding pages

Level 2: 200 Beds

Org. Unit No. of Position Title Salary Grade

Pos

A. Office of the Medical Center Chief

1. Office of the Medical Center Chief

2. Integrated Hospital Operations and Management Program

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B. Medical Service
1. Office of the Chief of Medical Professional Staff

2. Outpatient Department

3. Emergency Medicine Department

4. Clinical Departments
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5. Special Care Areas

6. Department of Pathology

a. Blood Bank

b. Anatomic and Clinical Laboratory

7. Department of Radiology
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8. Dental

9. Health Information Management

a. Admitting/Information

10. Nutrition and Dietetics

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11. Pharmacy

12. Medical Social Work

C. Nursing Service
1. Office of the Chief Nurse

2. Clinical Nursing Units

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3. Operating Room

4. Delivery Room

5. Special Care Areas

a. Post Anesthesia Care Unit

b. Intensive Care Unit

c. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

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d. Pulmonary/Respiratory Unit

6. Central Supply and Sterilization

D. Hospital Operations and Patient Support Department

1. Office of the Administrative Officer

2. Human Resource Management

3. Procurement
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4. Materials Management

5. Engineering and Facilities Management

a. Housekeeping/Laundry

6. Budget
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7. Accounting

a. Billing and Claims

8. Cash Operations

9. Security (to be contracted out)

A. Level II Hospital
A.1 Public Areas

• Parking/Open Areas
○ Parking area is a location that is designated for parking vehicles, either
paved or unpaved.

• Hallways
○ Hallways are the interior passage or corridor in a building or structures.
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• Common Toilets
○ Toilet usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and
employees perform their hygienic needs.

• Stairs
○ A stair is a set of steps leading from one floor of a building to another.

• Elevators
○ An elevator is a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and
lowering people or things to different floors or levels.

• Escalators
○ An escalator a moving staircase consisting of an endlessly circulating belt
of steps driven by a motor, conveying people between the floors of a public
building.

• Fire Exits
A fire exit is an access or used to escape in the event of a fire or other
Emergency that makes the stairwells inside a building inaccessible.

A.2 Administrative Service

A.2.1 Lobby
○ A room providing a space out of which one or more other rooms or
corridors lead, typically one near the entrance of a public building.

• Waiting Area
• Information and Reception Area
• Communication Booth
• Public Toilet (Male/Female/PWD)
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• Staff Toilet (Male/Female)

A.2.2 Admitting Office

○ Admitting Department/Office is responsible for the flow of patients
and the processing of admissions, discharges, transfers, and also
most procedures to be carried out in the event of a patient's death.

A.2.3 Business Office

○ This assistance encompasses not only Hospital bills but also
prescriptions, certain outpatient procedures and physician office
visits.

• Billing
• Cashier
• Budget and Finance

A.2.4 Medical Records Office

○ Medical Records Department/Office is responsible for the creating,
care, storage and retrieval of medical records. It also provides
statistical information for the medical and administrative staff. DF:
MED REC DEP.

A.2.5 Prayer Area

○ Multi-faith prayer room is a quiet location set aside in a busy public
place where people of differing religious beliefs or none at all, are
able to spend time in contemplation or prayer.

A.2.6 Personnel Office

○ Office personnel refer to the office chief, sectional chiefs, and
assistants that carry out all the administrative as well as clerical
functions jointly to archive the objectives of an organization.
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A.2.7 Office of the Administrative Officer

○ Office Administration is where a set of day-to-day activities that are
related to the maintenance of an office building, financial planning,
record keeping & billing, personal, physical distribution and logistics,
within an organization takes place.

A.2.8 Office of the Chief of Hospital

○ Office of the Chief Hospital is where the Chief of Hospital provides
leadership and guidance to the medical staff and promotes effective
communication between staff, administration and Board of Trustees.

A.2.9 Office of the Chief of Clinics

○ Where the medical director or chief of clinics ensures that the
physicians are performing effectively and efficiently in contributing
to the hospital's mission, goals and objectives at the same time
taking care of their welfare and protecting their rights.

A.2.10 Conference and Training Room

○ A room provided for singular events such as business conferences
and meetings.

A.2.11 Library
○ A library is a building or room containing collections of books,
periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded music for people to
read, borrow, or refer to.

A.2.12 Staff Toilet

○ Staff toilet, usually referred to as a comfort room, is a room where
employees perform their hygienic needs.
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A.2.13 Laundry and Linen Office

○ Linen and Laundry office is responsible for providing all the
organization departments served, adequate supply of clean linen
conforming to the highest standards of cleanliness and hygiene
immediately and constantly available for routine and emergency use
from a central place thus reducing the overall cost.

• Sorting and Washing Area

• Pressing and Ironing Area
• Storage Area

A.2.14 Engineering Office

• Work Area
• Housekeeping Area
• Motorpool and Ambulance Parking Area

A.2.15 Property and Supply Office

○ Property and Supply Office formulates/develops a system in supply
and property management needed to establish an effective means
from acquisition to disposition

A.2.16 Waste Holding Room

○ The waste holding room is a holding room for medical waste and
garbage may be provided.

A.2.17 Dietary
○ Dietitian Office is responsible in overseeing and directing all aspects
of food policy and large-scale meal service operations in the
organization.
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• Nutritionist-Dietitian Office
• Supply Receiving Area
• Cold and Dry Storage Area
• Food Preparation Area*
• Cooking and Baking Area*
• Serving and Food Assembly Area
• Washing Area
• Garbage Disposal Area
• Dining Area
• Toilet

A.2.18 Social Service Office

A.2.19 Pathologist Office

A.2.20 Morgue
○ A morgue is a place where bodies are kept, especially to be
identified or claimed.

• Autopsy Area
• Shower Area
• Toilet

A.3 Clinical Service

A.3.1 Emergency Room

○ Emergency room is a department of a hospital that provides
immediate treatment for acute illnesses and trauma.

• Waiting Area
• Toilet
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• Nurse Station
• Triage Room
• Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink
• Observation Area
• Equipment and Supply Storage Area
• Decontamination Room with Shower/Dressing Room
• Wheeled Stretcher Area
• Doctor-On-Duty Room

A.3.2 Outpatient Department

○ An outpatient department or outpatient clinic is the part of a hospital
designed for the treatment of outpatients, people with health problems
who visit the hospital for diagnosis or treatment, but do not at this time
require a bed or to be admitted for overnight care.

• Waiting Area
• Toilet (Male/Female/PWD)
• Admitting and Records Area
• Consultation Area
• Respiratory Unit
• Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink
• Dental Clinic
• Office of the Department Head
▪ Medicine
▪ Pediatrics
▪ Obstetrics and Gynecology
▪ Surgery
▪ Anesthesia
▪ Emergency Medicine
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Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

A.3.3 Dialysis Clinic

○ Dialysis clinic is where the process of removing waste products and
excess fluid from the body takes place.

• Work Area
• Storage Area
• Water Treatment Area
• Re-processing Area
• Toilet (Patient)

A.3.4 Surgical Service

• Major Operating Room

• Minor Operating Room
• Recovery Room
• Sub-sterilizing Area/Work Area
• Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area
• Scrub-up Area
• Clean-up Area
• Male Dressing Room and Toilet
• Female Dressing Room and Toilet
• Nurse Station/Work Area
• Wheeled Stretcher Area
• Janitor’s Closet

A.3.5 Obstetrical Service

• Delivery Room
• High Risk Pregnancy Unit
• Labor Room with Toilet
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

• Sub-sterilizing Area/Work Area

• Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area
• Scrub-up Area
• Clean-up Area
• Male Dressing Room and Toilet
• Female Dressing room and Toilet
• Nurse Station/Work Area
• Wheeled Stretcher Area
• Janitor’s Closet

A.3.6 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

○ Newborn babies who need intensive medical care are often put in a
special area of the hospital called the neonatal intensive care unit
(NICU). The NICU has advanced technology and trained healthcare
professionals to give special care for the tiniest patients.

• Nurse Station/Work Area with Sink

• Newborn Care Unit
• Treatment Area
• Viewing Area

A.3.7 Nursing Unit

○ Nursing unit means a separate physical and functional unit of the
hospital including a group of patient rooms, with ancillary,
administrative, and service facilities necessary for nursing service to
the occupants of these patient rooms.

• Patient Room
• Toilet
• Isolation Room with Toilet
• Nurse Station
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

▪ Utility Area
▪ Linen Area
▪ Toilet
• Treatment and Medication Area with Lavatory/sink
• Doctor-On-Duty Room
• Garbage Bin Room
• Janitor’s Closet

A.3.8 Intensive Care Unit

○ Intensive Care Unit is a department of a hospital in which patients
who are dangerously ill are kept under constant observation.

• Nurse Station
• Toilet
• Patient Area
• Dressing Area
• Equipment and Supply Storage Area

A.3.9 Rehabilitation Room

○ Rehabilitation Room is a program or facility for treating persons
addicted to drugs or alcohol or recovering from certain medical
conditions.

• Toilet

A.3.10 Central Sterilizing and Supply Room

• Receiving and Releasing Area

• Work Area
• Sterilizing Area
• Sterile Supply Storage Area
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

A.4 Nursing Service

A.4.1 Nursing Office

A.4.2 Toilet

A.5 Ancillary Service

A.5.1 Tertiary Clinical Laboratory with histopathology

• Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink

• Pathologist Office
• Microbiology Room
• Histopathology Room
• Blood Bank
• Bleeding Area
• Toilet

A.5.2 Radiology—3rd Level

• X-Ray Room with Control Booth, Dressing Area and Toilet

• Dark Room
• Film File and Storage
• Radiologist Area
A.5.3 Pharmacy

○ A pharmacy is a store where medicinal drugs are dispensed and

sold.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

4.1.2. Definition of Spatial Element

A. Administrative
SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
ADMINISTRATIVE 2245.20
ADMINISTRATIVE (FRONTLINE) 506.40
Main Lobby 216.00
Info/Reception & Communication Area 22.80
Admitting Office 32.40
Billing & Claims Office 43.20
Cashier’s Office 43.20
Medical Social work Office 51.60
Public/PWD Toilets 54.00
Staff Toilets 43.20

ADMINISTRATIVE (EXECUTIVE) 796.80

Budget & Accounting Offices/Finance 129.60
Manager’s Office
Office of the Chief of Hospital 79.20
IHOMP (Integrated Hospital Operations & 43.20
Management Program)
Conference Room 26.40
Office of the Administrative Officer 36.00
Office of the Chief of Clinics 50.40
Human Resource Development Head and 108.00
Staff Offices
Office of the Chief Nurse & Nursing Office 108.00

Auditing Office 43.20

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Library 57.60
Staff Lounge 21.60
Public Toilets 43.20
Office (typical) 21.60
Procurement Department/BAC Office 28.80
HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 942.00
SYSTEM
Waiting Area 108.00
Staff Office and Releasing/Receiving 64.80
Completion Room 32.40
Head’s Office 13.20
Admin Records 54.00
Records Room 43.20
Files Storage Area 583.20
Staff Pantry, Lockers and Toilets 43.20

B. Emergency
SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
EMERGENCY 577.20
Waiting Area & Triage 165.60
Decontamination Room 22.80
Resuscitation Bay 49.20
Respiratory Unit 19.20
Staff Pantry/Lockers, T&B 45.60
Isolation Room 24.00
VAWC Room 27.60
Scrub-Up/Sub-Sterile 10.80
Minor Operating Room 37.20
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

HEM Office and Supply Room 52.80

ER Head Office 33.60
Doctor’s On Call Room 43.20
Ambulatory Care 34.80
Observation Bay 10.80

C. Outpatient
SPACE DEMAND TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE (SQ. MTS.)

(SQ. MTS.)

OUTPATIENT 944.00
Lobby & Waiting Area 356.40
Registration/Admitting Area 21.60
OPD Records Room 43.20
Office of the Family Medical Chief 36.00
Conference Room 51.60
Consultation Room (Physical Therapy) 21.60
Consultation Room (Dental Services) 64.80
Consultation Room (Psychology) 43.20
Consultation Room (Surgery) 21.60
Consultation Room (Ophtha) 43.20
Staff Pantry & Lounge 21.60
Public Toilets 43.20
Clinic (Typical) 21.60

AMBULATORY SURGERY CLINIC 240.00

Reception 21.60
Treatment Room 43.20
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Consult/Exam 21.60
Patient Dress//Toilet 25.20
Scrub-Up Area 8.40
Clean-Up Area 10.80
Recovery Room 39.60
Operating Room 43.20
Sterilization Room 14.40
Sterile Instrument & Storage Room 12.00

PHYSICAL REHABILITATION 172.80

Waiting & Reception 24.00
Consult/Exam Room 10.80
Treatment/Gym Area 112.80
Toilets, Dress Cubicles & Soiled Linen 25.20
Area

DIALYSIS 255.60
Information, Admitting & Waiting Area 39.60
Consultation Room 14.40
Dialysis Treatment Area 147.6
Isolation Room 14.40
Janitor’s Closet, Soiled Linen & Waste 15.60
Holding Area
Pantry 12.00
Reprocessing Room 12.00

D. Ancillary
SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

PHARMACY 291.16
Chief Pharmacist’s Office 21.16
Counseling Room 10.80
Dispensing Area & Drug Information 43.20
Receiving/Breakout/Inspection Area 43.20
Bulk Storage 129.60
Staff Pantry/Lounge 21.60
Parenteral Admixture Room 10.80
Extemporaneous Preparation Area 10.80

LABORATORY 544.80
Waiting Area 98.40
Reception/Receiving/Releasing 18.00
Extraction Area 20.40
Conference Room 27.60
Pathology Office/Library 31.20
Chief Pathologist’s Office 19.20
Chemistry 52.80
Hematology 27.60
Serology/Immunology 27.60
Microbiology/Bacteriology 51.60
Microscopy 27.60
Histopathology 31.20
Blood Typing, Cross Matching, Post BTR 30.00
Glass Washing 10.80
Autoclave 10.80
Staff Locker Room and T&B 44.40
Staff Pantry 15.60
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

BLOOD STATION 148.80

Waiting Area 32.40
Screening & Assessment 14.40
Component Preparation Room 16.80
Testing Room 15.60
Blood Component Storage 24.00
Blood Collection Room 28.80
Staff Lockers, Pantry and T&B 16.80

RADIOLOGY 574.80
Sub-Lobby/Waiting Area 103.20
Clerical Room 22.80
Chief Radiologist’s Office 19.20
Conference Room 25.20
Reading Room 25.20
Files Room 14.40
Ultrasound Room 24.00
Mammography Room 25.20
Radiographic X-Ray Room 36.00
Radiographic X-Ray Control Room 13.20
Radiographic Fluoroscopic X Ray Room 44.40
CT-Scan 54.00
CT-Scan Control Room 13.20
MRI Magnet Room 52.80
MRI Control Room 38.40
MRI System Component Room 16.80
Dark Room 7.20
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Staff Lounge/T&B 39.60

E. Nursing Wards
SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
NURSING WARDS 213.60
Nurse Station 50.40
Treatment Area 14.40
Department Head’s Office 25.20
Conference Room 37.20
Patient Room (Typical) 21.60
4-Bed Ward (Typical) 43.20
Isolation Room (Typical) 21.60

F. Dental Room

SPACE TOTAL AREA

ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
Dental Room 125.70
Dental Office Manager's or Dental 25.20
Assistant Supervisor's Office
Non-Supervisory Dentist's Office 50.40
Waiting Area (1 to 4 operatory clinic) 50.10

G. Operating Room Complex

SPACE TOTAL AREA

ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

(SQ. MTS.)
OPERATING ROOM COMPLEX 500.40
Transfer Area 14.40
Pre-Operation Area 27.60
Nurse Station 43.20
Operating Room 43.20
Post-Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) 93.60
Dress, Lockers, T&B 37.20
Lounge 28.80
Anesthesiologist’s Office 36.00
Anesthetic Storage 8.40
Sterile Instrument and Supply Storage 10.80
Scrub-Up Area 21.60
Sub-Sterile Room 21.60
Clean-Up Room 21.60
Janitor’s Closet 6.00
Family Waiting Room 21.60
Scope Room 32.40
Dirty/Trauma 32.40

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 189.60

Nurse Station 55.20
Patient Bay 68.40
Isolation Room 15.60
Office 15.60
Family Counseling Room 15.60
Visitor’s Dressing Room 6.00
Staff Lockers and Toilet 13.20
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

CENTRAL STERILIZING & SUPPLY 154.80

ROOM
Receiving Room 15.60
Work Area 85.20
Autoclave Room 19.20
Storage Room 34.80

H. NICU
SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 241.20
(NICO)
Nurse Station 22.80
Level III Sick ROOM 52.80
Breastfeeding Room 16.80
Lounge 16.80
Dressing, Lockers, and T&B 33.60
Isolation Room 24.00
Level II Step-Down 37.20
Level I Growers 37.20

I. Nutrition and Dietetics

SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
NUTRITION AND DIETETICS 732.00
Hospital Staff Dining Room 259.20
Cooking and Baking Area 94.80
Food Preparation Area 44.40
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Blenderized and Tube Feeding Area 16.80

Therapeutic Diet Preparation Area 3.60
Serving and Food Assembly Area 24.00
Food Conveyor Parking 26.40
Cold Storage 16.80
Dry Storage 16.80
Storage for Utensils/Silverware 8.40
Delivery Receiving room 21.60
Dishwashing and Pots washing Area 54.00
Waste Holding Area 14.40
Dietitian’s Office/Staff Office 49.20
Nutrition Clinic 16.80
Staff Dining Area 21.60
Staff T&B/Locker Room 43.20

J. Engineering, Maintenance & Housekeeping

SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
ENGINEERING, MAINTENANCE & 523.20
HOUSEKEEPING
Garage, Work, and Parking Areas 162.00
Driver’s Lounge 21.60
Security Office 21.60
Housekeeping Office 21.60
Biomedical Engineering Workshop 43.20
Carpentry Workshop 21.60
Electrical Engineering Workshop 43.20
Head’s Office 21.60
Staff Office 43.20
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Conference Room 21.60

Staff Pantry 21.60
Male Quarters & Lockers 27.60
Male & Female Toilets, and Janitor’s 9.60
Closet
Storage 21.60
Plumbing Workshop 21.60

K. Support Service Facility

SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
LINEN AND LAUNDRY 206.40
Issuing, Office, Work Room, and Storage 81.60
Pressing and Ironing Room 49.20
Washing/ Drying Room 9.60
Receiving/ Sorting/ Disinfection Area 9.60
Staff Lockers and T&B 19.20
Sewing & Sorting Room 37.20

PROPERTY AND SUPPLY 295.20

Storage/ Warehouse 172.80
Work Area 50.40
Head's Office 28.80
Staff Pantry 10.80
Staff Lockers, T&B, & Janitor's Closet 32.40

MORGUE 188.40
Autopsy and Tissue Processing Room 64.80
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Morgue 108.00
Staff Lockers, T&B, & Janitor's Closet 15.60

CENTRAL WASTE STORAGE 72.00

Work Area 14.40
Hazardous Waste Room 14.40
Mercury-Containing Devices/ Lamps 14.40
Biodegradables 14.40
Non-Biodegradables 14.40

L. Retirement Housing Facility

QUAN. X SPACE TOTAL AREA
ROOM TITLE DEMAND (SQ. MTS.)
(SQ. MTS.)
RECEPTION/LOBBY AREA
Reception & Information Office 1 x 22.8 22.8
Refreshment station 1 x 2.79 2.79
Mailboxes/package room 1 x 14 14
Lounge/seating area 40 x 3.72 148.8
Storage 2 x 9.3 18.6
Restrooms 4 x 4.65 18.6
225.59
INDEPENDENT/ASSISTED LIVING
Housing
a. Four bedroom unit 112x 72.9 8164.8
b. Three bedroom unit 150x49.5 7425
c. Two plan unit 250x31 7750
c. One plan unit 100x31 3100
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

c. VIP unit 63x72.9 4592.7

Common areas 75 x 1.2 90
Housekeeping storage 20 x 7.4 148
Janitorial/utility closets 20 x 2.78 55.6
Lounge areas
(Stair & elevator landings) 20 x 27.87 557.4

Vending & ice 10 x 4.65 46.5

Restrooms 30 x 4.65 139.5
Bulk/recyclables room 20 x 6.97 139.4
Medical Storage 20 x 32.52 650.4
32859.3

CAFETERIA
Kitchen 2 x 55.74 111.48
Cold Storage 2 x 27.87 55.74
Dry Storage 2 x 27.87 55.74
Dining Area 1563 x 2.08 3251.04
3473.96
EXTERIOR SPACES
Outdoor cafe – sidewalk 5 x 97.55 487.75
Outdoor Patio 5 x 104.05 520.25
Rooftop deck
a. Rooftop garden 1 x 1161.69 1161.69
b. Rooftop dining/lounge area 1 x 185.81 185.81
2355.5
ADMINISTRATION
Head administrator 1 x 18.58 18.58
Human resources director 1 x 13.94 13.94
Facility manager 1 x 13.94 13.94
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Administrative assistant 1 x 9.30 9.30

Social worker 1 x 13.94 13.94
Housing manager 1 x 13.94 13.94
R.N. office 1 x 13.94 13.94
Sales & marketing director 1 x 13.94 13.94
Sales manager 1 x 9.30 9.30
Social program director 1 x 13.94 13.94
Office supply storage 1 x 9.30 9.30
Controller office 1 x 13.94 13.94
Accounts receivable 6 x 9.30 55.8
Accounts payable 6 x 9.30 55.8
Waiting room 6 x 9.30 55.8
Bulk/recyclables room 1 x 6.97 6.97
309.13
RECREATIONAL AREAS
Arts and Craft Area 1x250 250
Spa 3x46 138
Indoor Swimming pool area 1x50 50
Club room 1x 567.42 567.42
1005.42
MEETING/GROUP ACTIVITY FACILITIES
Boardroom 1 x 83.61 83.61
Ballroom/town hall 1 x 567.42 567.42
Meeting room/lecture hall 1 x 55.74 55.74
Conference room 1 x 16.26 16.26
A/V storage 1 x 16.26 16.26
Holding kitchen 1 x 139.35 139.35
Storage 1 x 55.74 55.74
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

Event manager office 1 x 13.94 13.94

Restroom 5 x 18.58 92.9
1041.22
MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT
Workshop 1 x 46.45 46.45
Chief Engineer Office 1 x 13.94 13.94
Storage 1 x 46.45 46.45
Mechanicals room 1 x 278.71 278.71
386.05
HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT
Executive Housekeeper office 1 x 13.94 13.94
Equipment storage 10 x 46.45 464.50
Laundry 10 x 37.16 371.60
Linen storage 10 x 27.87 278.87
Stock room 10 x 46.45 464.50
1593.24
STORAGE/RECEIVING
Medical offices storage 10 x 9.30 93
Garbage/recyclables 2 x 27.87 55.74
Bicycle storage
a. Enclosed 2 x 41.80 83.6
b. Open 2 x 7.43 14.86
Receiving dock 1 x 365.11 365.11
Receiving office 1 x 13.94 13.94
Warehouse/product holding/staging 1 x 204.39 204.39
Cargo elevator 5 x 6.97 34.85
9847.44
TOTAL AREA 53096.85
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

4.1.2. Qualitative and Qualitative Elements

The identification of the key users of the space and their quantity, as well as
the qualitative examination of the areas, furniture, fixtures, and equipment of the
facilities, are all included in the research of qualitative and quantitative factors. The
proponent developed the space characteristics and circulation percentage that were
utilized to determine the approximate area of spaces that were required for the
project's design and plan through this research and analysis.

4.2 Graphical and Spatial Programming

Graphical & Spatial Programming are graphical illustrations that will be
presented by the proponent through matrix and bubble diagrams. Through these
graphical illustrations, it will be easier to distinguish and identify the adjacency and
relationship of each space and the circulation of users on it.

4.2.1 General Spatial Elements

4.2.2.1 General Matrix Diagram

OUTER ZONE - Administrative Services, Out-Patient Services, Emergency

Services, Clinical Care Services, Physical Therapy, Dental Services
Nutritional Therapy Services, Medical Social Services
SECOND ZONE - Pharmacy, Laboratory, Radiology
INNER ZONE - Nursing Care, Nursing Services, Management
DEEP ZONE - Surgical Service, Nursery, Intensive Care Unit
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

SERVICE ZONE - dietary, Housekeeping Services, maintenance and Motor

Pool
TWILIGHT ZONE - Morgue

General Bubble Diagram

4.2.2 Specific Spatial Elements

4.2.3.1 Specific Matrix Diagram

ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT

4.2.3.2

SPECIFIC BUBBLE
DIAGRAM
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

SERVICES AREAS

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

LAUNDRY AND
LINEN AREAS

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

PHARMACY
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

CENTRAL STERILIZING AND SUPPLY AREA

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

` SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

MOTORPOOL AND MAINTENANCE

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

SPECIFIC BUBBLE
DIAGRAM
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

INPATIENT DEPARTMENT

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

IMAGING DEPARTMENT

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

LABORATORY AN DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT

SPECIFIC
BUBBLE
DIAGRAM
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

OPERATING DEPARTMENT

SPECIFIC
BUBBLE
DIAGRAM
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

MORTUARY
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

BUILDING UTILITIES

SPECIFIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

APPENDICES
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

REFERENCES
[1]. Facts about aging. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ageing/about/facts/en/
[2]. Health and Well-being of Older Persons. Retrieved from http://www.doh.gov.ph
[3]. De Leon A.(2014), The Quality of Life of the Filipino Elderly in Selected Cities
and Provinces, Retrieved from http://www.tsaofoundation.org
[4].Stefanacci, 2022 .Introduction to Geriatrics. Retrieved from
http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/geriatrics//approach-to-the-geriatric-
patient/introduction-to-geriatrics
[5]. Kagan, 2021.Definition of Retirement. Retrieved from
http://www.investopidia.com/terms/r/retirement.asp
Kaufman,2009.Chapter 1: Housing history and Purpose. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/publications/books/housing/cha01.html
Millman,2022. What is the purpose of Zoning?. Retrieved from
https://millmanland.com/knowledge/zoning-purpose/
Palmer, D. (June 2022). How Architecture is Used to Help Seniors in Senior

Living Communities. Design Ideas for the Built World.

https://caddetailsblog.com/post/how-architecture-is-used-to-help-seniors-in-

senior-living-communities?

fbclid=IwAR2n9EQxMV7YfjhPXBwd_EQ9eh0ltEAJYkBEL7Ig5OyG4ikzdNW6

b5PKk4E

Daez, E. M. V. (2019). Harvesting Gold From Neighbors’ Golden Years: A

Case Study Of International Retirement Migration In Tagaytay City,

Philippines.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

http://ethesisarchive.library.tu.ac.th/thesis/2019/TU_2019_6166090057_1098

6_11598.pdf

Ståhlberg-Aalto, F. (2019). The Aesthetics And Architecture Of Care

Environments.

https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/40965/isbn97895260873

68.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Saieh, N. (2021, October 14). Santa Rita Geriatric Center / Manuel Ocaña.

ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/24725/santa-rita-geriatric-center-

manuel-ocana?fbclid=IwAR0oi7xMM1xorD_MNAzKP9ywHn8I5-

fIh4ydDOHigBUuLYQVq6HqxzMEmkw

Dalke, Hilary, et al. “Colour and Lighting in Hospital Design.” Optics & Laser
Technology, vol. 38, no. 4–6, Elsevier BV, June 2006, pp. 343–65. Crossref,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2005.06.040.
Villaverde, V. A. (n.d.). Compliance with Standards of Geriatric Nursing Home

Facilities in the Philippines: An Evaluation. IOSR Journal of Nursing and

Health Science (IOSR-JNHS). https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0801091522

Xu, M. (2022). Research on Planning and Architecture Design of Elderly Care

Facilities in Rural Communities.

https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/e65a098d-

3083-4ab9-bda0-c5207232d24f/content
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design