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Jonnel Gadingan Lecture Notes

This document discusses the school as a social system. It defines a social system as a patterned network of relationships between individuals, groups, and institutions. The document outlines the key concepts of a social system model, including that social systems are open systems that consist of interdependent parts which interact with each other and their environment. It also discusses four main functions of social systems: adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latent pattern maintenance. Finally, the document presents a socio-ecological development model which examines how multiple social systems and levels impact individuals, from micro to macro levels.

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Jonnel Gadingan
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56 views

Jonnel Gadingan Lecture Notes

This document discusses the school as a social system. It defines a social system as a patterned network of relationships between individuals, groups, and institutions. The document outlines the key concepts of a social system model, including that social systems are open systems that consist of interdependent parts which interact with each other and their environment. It also discusses four main functions of social systems: adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latent pattern maintenance. Finally, the document presents a socio-ecological development model which examines how multiple social systems and levels impact individuals, from micro to macro levels.

Uploaded by

Jonnel Gadingan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jonnel S.

Gadingan

BSED-Social Studies 3

“UNIT 2- School as a Social System (A. Social System Model)”

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

K-Discuss the basic concepts of school as a social system and how they impact individual
learners, classrooms, schools, and the larger community;

S- Create a concept map on how community helps a school and ways by which a school
helps a community and;

A- Seek opportunities to establish professional links with colleagues in the school


community.

I. SOCIAL SYSTEM MODEL

What is a Social System?

In sociology, social system is the patterned network of relationships constituting a


coherent whole that exist between individuals, groups, and institutions. It is the
formal structure of role and status that can form in a small, stable group.

 Social System refers to an orderly arrangement, an inter relationships of parts.


 Social systems are open system.
 Social System consists of interdependent parts, which interact with each other
and the environment.
 Social System is goal-oriented, peopled, and political.
 A social system refers to events and dealings of the members of a particular
group or group composed for mutual determination.

Talcott Parsons, more than anyone else in recent years, has given the concept of
system currency in modern sociology. He defined social system thus:

“A social system consists in a plurality of individual actors interacting with each other in
a situation which at least has a physical or environmental aspect, actors who are motivated in
terms of a tendency to the optimization of gratification and whose relation to their situations,
including each other, is defined and mediated in terms of a system of culturally structured and
shared symbols", (The Social System).”

Ogbum and Nimkoff have given a simplified version of this definition of Parsons:

“A social system may be defined as a plurality of individuals interacting with each other
according to shared cultural norms and meanings".

Functions of Social System:

We have seen that a system presupposes not only a structure but also certain functions
which its structure is supposed to perform. What are the functions of the social system? Talcott
Parsons has given a four-function paradigm.

This paradigm posits that every social system must continually confront and solve the
four sets of organisational problems indicated below. In abbreviated form, the four-function
paradigm is referred to as AGIL.
 Adaptation- The problems of adapting the social system to its physical and social
environments. The most important problems in this respect are procuring resources
needed for its activities, providing for protection against physical and social threats, and
developing information relating to these.

 Goal Attainment: The organisational problem of effecting co-ordination in any


collective tasks directed outside the system itself.

 Integration- The internal problem of maintaining satisfying relations among the


interacting, members and avoiding disrupting conflicts. For small groups, this concerns
inter-personal relations. For larger organisation, it concerns inter-group relations.

 Latent Pattern Maintenance- The internal organisational problem of ordering activity


patterns of the system, and also of adjusting the role demands on members, so that these
are compatible with their other role commitments.

The social institutions are all closely interrelated and they form a complex whole. That is why
institutions are referred to as "a cluster of institutions", one impinging upon the others.

The social system, the social structure with its interrelated parts, the basic functions of the
system together with corresponding institutions designed to fulfill these functions are set out in
diagrammatic form below:
THE SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL

The socio-ecological development model is another specific social work practice theory based on
social systems thinking. This model looks at how multiple social systems and levels of the social
environments (individual, micro, meso, Exo, and macro-systems) impact individuals experiences
and behavior. For example, the micro-level is the location of intimate and family relationships,
the meso-level is the location of institutions and organizations, and the macro-level is the
location of society-wide factors such as culture or laws, all of which shape who we are and how
we develop.

Social System and School Effectiveness According to Hoy and Miskel (2013) all schools are
open systems that comprise of inputs, transformation process, outputs, feedback and the
environment (Aydin, Sarier, & Uysal, 2013). The open-system portraits organization as not only
affected by environments, but also dependent on them. Open-system9s cyclic process, it starts
with inputs, transformation and output. Organizations take inputs from the environment,
transform them and produce outputs (Neal, 2013).
References:

Bosco-Ruggiero, S. (2019, October). A Brief Introduction to Social Systems Theory.


Social Work Degree Center. https://www.socialworkdegreecenter.com/study/social-
systems-theory-introduction/

Dahiru, A. S., Basri, R., Aji, A. A., & Asimiran, S. (2018). Modelling Social System for
School Effectiveness. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social
Sciences, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i12/5004
Chapter 1 The School As A Social System - ppt video online download. (n.d.).
Slideplayer.com. https://slideplayer.com/slide/6845185/

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