Scribd
Upload
43 views

Rotation

1. A rotation is a geometric transformation that turns an object around a fixed point called the center of rotation. 2. The amount of turn is specified by the angle of rotation. A positive angle corresponds to a counterclockwise rotation, while a negative angle corresponds to a clockwise rotation. 3. Rotations can be described mathematically using formulas that specify the new x- and y-coordinates of a point after a rotation about either the origin or another center point, with the angle of rotation as a parameter.

Uploaded by

Karen Gardose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

Rotation

1. A rotation is a geometric transformation that turns an object around a fixed point called the center of rotation. 2. The amount of turn is specified by the angle of rotation. A positive angle corresponds to a counterclockwise rotation, while a negative angle corresponds to a clockwise rotation. 3. Rotations can be described mathematically using formulas that specify the new x- and y-coordinates of a point after a rotation about either the origin or another center point, with the angle of rotation as a parameter.

Uploaded by

Karen Gardose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

ROTATION

Gianmarie S. Hilado MAEd-Math (Saturday Class)


(Discussant)

The second basic type of motion of the plane is a rotation.

A rotation is defined as a geometric transformation in which an object is turned or rotated


about a fixed point.

This fixed point is called the center of rotation.

The size of the turn is specified by the angle of rotation. Rays drawn from the center of
rotation to a point and its image form the angle of rotation.

The direction of the turn can be counterclockwise, or clockwise. (By convention, positive angles
correspond to counterclockwise rotations while negative angles correspond to clockwise
rotations).

The symbol 𝑅(𝑂, 𝛼) indicates a rotation through an angle of 𝛼 about the point 𝑂, as in Figure
2.14.

Some properties of rotations:

1. A rotation is an isometry.

2. The inverse of a rotation is a rotation with the same center and angle equal in size but
opposite in sense.

3. The set of all rotations about one fixed point is a group of transformation.

4. Rotations with center O and angles of 𝛼 and 𝛼 + 360° are the same rotation.

Rules of Rotation

Center of Angle of Rotation Preimage Rotated Image


Rotation
(0,0) 90° (𝑥, 𝑦) (−𝑦, 𝑥)
(0,0) −90° (𝑥, 𝑦) (𝑦, −𝑥)
(0,0) 180° (𝑥, 𝑦) (−𝑥, −𝑦)
(0,0) 270° (𝑥, 𝑦) (𝑦, −𝑥)
(0,0) −270° (𝑥, 𝑦) (−𝑦, 𝑥)
Rotations on the Coordinate Plane

We assume the center of rotation to be


the origin (0, 0) unless told otherwise.

1. Find the image of A(4, -2) under a rotation


of 90.

Formula

(x, y)  (y, x)

A(4, -2)  A’(2, 4)

2. What is the image of the point (3, -4) under a


rotation of 180 about the origin?

Formula

(x, y)  (x, y)

(3,  4)  (3, 4)

3.Triangle ABC has vertices A(-3, 0), B(-2, 4), and


C(1, -1). Draw the image of ABC under a
rotation of 90° clockwise about the origin.

(x, y)  (y, x)

A(-3, 0)  A’(0, 3)

B(-2, 4)  B’(4, 2)

C(1, -1)  C(-1, -1)


4. Triangle ABC has vertices A(-3, -3), B(-2, 1), and C(1, -2). Draw the image of ABC under a
rotation of 90° about the point (1,1).

If the center of rotation is not on the origin, we can follow this steps to finds its image.

1. Subtract the center of rotation off each vertex point of the given figure
2. Rotate as you would around the origin (we can use the formula)
3. Add the center of rotation back to each vertex point of the figure

A(-3, -3) B(-2, 1) C(1, -2) subtract (1,1) to each vertex = A’(-4, -4) B’(-3, 0) C’(0, -3)

Next, rotate using the formula:

(x, y)  ( y, x)

A’(-4, -4)  A’’(4, 4)

B’(-3, 0)  B’’(0, 3)

C’(0, -3)  C’’(3, 0)

Lastly add the center of rotation (1,1) back

A’’(4, 4)  A’(5, 3)

B’’(0, 3)  B’(1, 2)

C’’(3, 0)  C’(4, 1)

Equations for Rotation

We start with a special case where the center of the rotation is the origin. Recall,

Deriving the formula for rotations:

Solving for 𝑥 and 𝑦


𝑥 𝑦
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 =
𝑟 𝑟

𝒙 = 𝒓𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜶 𝒚 = 𝒓𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒂
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼, 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼)

Solving for 𝑥 ′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦′ using 𝜃 + 𝛼 as the


angle of rotation
𝑥′
𝜃+𝛼 y 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝛼 + 𝜃) =
𝑟

𝑥 ′ = 𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝜃)
𝜽 y
= 𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
x 𝒙′ = 𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒚𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽

𝑦′
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝛼 + 𝜃) =
𝑟

𝑦 ′ = 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜃) Trigonometric Identities:


= 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝛼 + 𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃

= 𝑦𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝛼 + 𝜃) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃

𝒚′ = 𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒚𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽
A rotation about the origin is a transformation with equations of the form:
𝒙′ = 𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒚𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒚′ = 𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒚𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽

Example:

Find the image of P(2,3) under a rotation of 60° about the origin.

Solution:
𝑥′ = 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑦𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝒚′ = 𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒚𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝑥′ = 2𝐶𝑜𝑠 60° − 3𝑆𝑖𝑛 60° 𝒚′ = 𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎° + 𝟑𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟎°
1 √3 √3 1
𝑥′ = 2 ( ) − 3 ( ) 𝑦′ = 2 ( ) + 3 ( )
2 2 2 2
3√3 3
𝑥′ = 1 − ≅ −1.6 𝑦 ′ = √3 + ≅ 3.2
2 2

Deriving the formula for rotation around an arbitrary point (h,k)

(𝑥′, 𝑦′)

(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑟
𝜃 𝑦−𝑘
𝛼
(ℎ, 𝑘) 𝑥−ℎ

Solving for 𝑥 and 𝑦


𝑥−ℎ 𝑦−𝑘
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 =
𝑟 𝑟

𝒙 − 𝒉 = 𝒓𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜶 𝒚 − 𝒌 = 𝒓𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒂
Solving for 𝑥′ and 𝑦′ using (𝛼 + 𝜃) as the angle of rotation
𝑥 ′ −ℎ 𝑦 ′ −𝑘
𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝛼 + 𝜃) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝛼 + 𝜃) =
𝑟 𝑟

𝑥 ′ − ℎ = 𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝜃) 𝑦 ′ − 𝑘 = 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜃)
𝑥 ′ − ℎ = 𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑦 ′ − 𝑘 = 𝑟𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑥 ′ − ℎ = (𝑥 − ℎ)𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − (𝑦 − 𝑘)𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑦 ′ − 𝑘 = (𝑦 − 𝑘)𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 + (𝑥 − ℎ)𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃

The equation for rotation about point (h,k) is:


𝒙′ − 𝒉 = (𝒙 − 𝒉) 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽

𝒚′ − 𝒌 = (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽

References:

Smart, James, R. (1998). Modern Geometries. USA:Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp 48-53.

http://www-math.ucdenver.edu/~wcherowi/courses/m3210/lecchap2.pdf

http://www.west-jefferson.k12.oh.us/Downloads/Geometry%20Glencoe%20ch9.pdf

You might also like