Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
FOR
OFAD 30063 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FOR OFFICE
ADMINISTRATION

COMPILED BY:

VIVIAN MARIE V. ALBACEA

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Module I Nature of man 3

Module 2 The Aspects of Personality Development 5

Module 3 The Emotional Aspect of Person 9

Module 4 The Intellectual Aspect and its Identity 21

Module 5 The Social Aspect of the Individual 34

Module 6 The Value Aspect of an Individual 44

Module 7 Improvement of Personality 49

Module 8 Environmental figures and how to deal with them 56

Module 9 Cultural behaviour of Filipinos at work 60

Module 10 How to develop social responsibility 64

Module 11 Proper Work Ethics 68

Module 12 Professional Ethics 72

Module 13 Personal Blueprint as a Goal Setting for a lifetime 76

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 1: Enriching Personality

Overview:

Personality is a very important factor in the morale boosting of an individual so as to be

possess confidence in facing the challenges of their chosen profession. The main objective is
not only for employment but to have a life-long satisfaction in any endeavor they want in their
field of undertaking which is very essential in attaining his/her goal in life. With the following
lessons in this module, the student can be guided as to how personality and its development
can help them gain confidence in pursuit of their career direction in life. Enjoy your journey, as
you appreciate this profession.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. Awareness of the nature of man

2. Knowing yourself
3. Understanding who you are

Course Materials:

Human nature is a concept that denotes the fundamental dispositions and characteristics
including ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that humans are said to have naturally. The term
is often used to denote the essence of humankind, or what it ―means‖ to be human. The real
nature of man is originally good, but it becomes clouded by contact with earthly things and
therefore needs purification before it can shine forth in its native clarity. In Genesis 1:27-28 of
the Holy Bible says, God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him;
male and female He created them. God blessed and said to them, ―Be fruitful and increase in
number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and
over every creature that moves on the ground.‖

Human nature: Six things we all do

 SKILLS. Human nature: Being playful. It is the quality of being fun and lively.
 KNOWLEDGE. Human nature: Being scientific, From earliest infancy, humans are constantly
sorting the world into categories, predicting how things work, and testing those predictions.
Such thinking, which is the essence of science, is evident in a range of human universals from
time, calendars and cosmology to family names and measuring
 BEHAVIOUR. Human nature: Being legislative. It is the want for power, wants to be in control
of everything.
 FEEDING. Human nature: Being epicurean. It is adapted to luxury or indulgence in sensual
pleasures; having luxurious tastes or habits, especially in eating and drinking. fit for an epicure.
 SEX. Human nature: Being clandestine. characterized by or done in, or executed with secrecy
or concealment, especially for purposes of subversion or deception; private or surreptitious:

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

 COMMUNICATION. Human nature: Being gossipy. It means casual or unconstrained

conversation or reports about other people, typically involving details that are not confirmed as
being true.

Personality is the sum-total of an individual‘s psycho-physical traits and behaviour the makes
him/her different from one another. It is also referred to as putting a mask, to project a new
image. It is also defined as a characteristics set of behaviours, cognition, and emotional
patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. While there is no generally
agreed upon definition of personality, most theories focus on motivation and psychological
interactions with one‘s environment. There are five aspects of personality namely: physical,
intellectual, emotional, social, and value. This is further discussed in the following modules.

There are different factors that affect the individual’s personality:

a. Hereditary it is the influence of the parents, relatives and ancestors to the person.
b. Environment it is the influence of friends, classmates, community to the person.
c. Experience it is the influence of what the person went through in life.
d. Education it is the influence of what was learned from school, organization, society.

Since personality identifies the person based on how you express yourself to be. It is essential
to handle it with maximum care.

Read:

1. Holy Bible NIV version

2. Aguinaldo,Castaneda,Castro,Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Personality , copyright
2015.
3. Enrich your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:

1. What is personality?
2. What are the natures of a human?
3. Why is it important to learn who you are?
4. What is an image?
5. What is the influence of your parents?
6. What is the influence of your environment?
7. What is the influence of your experience?
8. How do you think your education influenced you?
9. In an essay, describe who you are?
10. In an essay, how do you want yourself to be identified?

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 2: Aspects of Personality

Introduction: In our personality development it is essential to subdivide the parts into smaller
segments. This will help us more in identifying the enhancement needed for effectiveness.
Change is not like putting an instant coffee in a cup of boiling water, it should be done gradually.

Learning Outcome:

At end of these module, the student should learn:

1. The elements of the physical aspect

2. Create a personal assessment of the physical aspect
3. Exhibit physical reflection of the principles.

Course Material:

Aspects of Personality Development:

Physical Aspect - characteristics are defining traits or features about your body. These
are aspects that are visually apparent, knowing nothing else about the person. The first thing
you see when you look at someone could be their hair, clothes, nose, or figure. This also
includes your body built, texture of skin, etc.

Basic physical needs:

The first and most basic of all needs are those to do with physical survival. This is the need for
food, drink, shelter, sleep and oxygen. If a person cannot satisfy this basic survival need it
dominates their interest and concern.

Physical Care needed:

 Eat a balanced. – food pyramid is a good guide.
 Drink at least 8 glasses of water.
 Sleep 8 hrs. at night and rest if you feel tired
 Exercise

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

 Sunlight from sunrise to 9:00 am.

 Fresh air
 clothes that is suited for the weather
 shelter
 personal hygiene

The Basic Needs of Man:

1. Food
2. Clothing
3. Shelter

Wardrobe Choice – the clothes you wear speaks well of your personality. In Grade School,
we learned the use of clothes that is comfortable with the two climate we have in the Philippines
which is the dry season we have in December to May and the rainy season we have from June
to November using the temperature and rainfall as bases as stated by PAGASA. And now, we
will discuss proper office attire.

Business Attire - Casual shirts, dress shirts, sweaters, tops, golf-type shirts, and turtlenecks
are acceptable attire for work. Most suit jackets or sports jackets are also acceptable attire for
the office if they violate don‘t violate any listed guidelines. Use accessories that will
complement a simple look. And Business smart look is a suit, or at least shirt and tie and
trousers. For woman it‘s wearing a blouse/jacket, and skirt/trousers with watch, ring, and small
earrings to compliment the basic wardrobe.

Exercise is needed by the body, simple stretching, breathing. Here are some sample workouts
that may help for Beginners. A. Cardiovascular activity. Start by doing an aerobic activity, like
walking, or running, for a sustained 20-30 minutes, four to five times a week. B. Strength
conditioning. Start doing one set of exercises targeting each of the major muscle groups. C.
Flexibility training.

Posture – The position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting. In humans,
posture can provide a significant amount of important information through nonverbal
communication. Psychological studies have also demonstrated the effects of body posture on
emotions. This research can be traced back to Charles Darwin‘s studies of emotion and
movement in humans and animals.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Abraham Harold Maslow was an American psychologist who was best known for creating
Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate
human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

The chart will speak for itself. The basic needs is shown in the first level which is Physiological
Needs, basically that is what we want. But eventually we will quest for more then the Safety
Needs comes in. our desire to have security in everything. And then we will quest for more
which is the Love and Belongingness Needs, the need for relations and affiliations. And we will
desire for more which is the Esteem Needs it is the feeling of competent. Feeling of self-
respect. Then man will still not contented, so there will be a desire for Cognitive Needs which is
the desire for knowledge and understand. And the Aesthetic Needs, the need for beauty and
order, creativity, design and art. And Self-actualization when man reaches his full potential.
Moreover, Maslow‘s hierarchy is not dialectical(meaning it is not concerned with or acting
through opposing forces), in the sense that the completion of each stage does not necessarily
lead to the next level. The self-actualizing personality appears as a mysterious leap form one
stage to another, and cannot be engineered from without.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo,Castaneda, Castro Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching

Personality ,copyright 2015.
2. www.skillyouneed.com
3. Enrich your personality, www.personalitypage.com

Activities:

1. What are the five aspects of Personality Development?

2. What are the components of the physical aspects?
3. What are the basic needs of man
4. Who is Abraham Harold Maslow?
5. What are the examples you can give in each level of the Maslow‘s Hierarchy of human
needs? Assess your answers in two (2) columns the wants and needs?
6. What are the basic exercise routine you can do for a healthy life?
7. What is posture?
8. Draw a picture of a casual wear.
9. Draw a picture of an office wear.
10. Reflection: What is the importance of knowing your personal aspect?

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 3: The Emotional Aspect of a person

Introduction: Awareness of your emotions and how to control it is very essential in your
personality development, at times, we are liked simple because we are not aware of how we
react with what we feel , it is much proper that we should be familiar with our emotions so that
we can adjust easily with others.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. Techniques in emotional control

2. Techniques in Anger management
3. Techniques in Stress management

Course Material:

Emotion is a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one‘s circumstances, mood, or
relationships with others. Ex.: You were scolded by your boss, you will be angry.

Feelings is an emotional state or reaction. Ex. A feeling of joy, love, care, warmth.

A fundamental difference between feelings and emotions is that feelings are experienced
consciously, while emotions manifest either consciously or subconsciously. Some people may
spend years, or even a lifetime, not understanding the depths of their emotions.

The seven universal emotions we wear on our face:

The human facial expressions are one of the most important non-verbal ways we communicate.
With 43 different muscles, our faces are capable of making more than 10,000 expressions,
many of them tracing back to our primitive roots. Even our smile, some researchers say,
evolved from the way primates (mammals including humans) show off their teeth to negotiate
social status or to establish dominance. And while each face has its own unique way of
presenting emotions, there are a few select expressions that keep popping up, regardless of a
person‘s age, race, language, or religion. Below are seven basic emotions that are hardwired in
our brains and show up on our faces.

For more tips on how to read people‘s facial expressions, watch the documentary Body
Language Decoded on The Nature of Things.

Here‘s a rundown of those seven universal emotions, what they look like, and why we‘re
biologically hardwired to express them this way.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Anger

Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled down, upper eyelids pulled up, lower eyelids pulled up,
margins of lips rolled in, lips may be tightened.

Anger face works so well because each facial movement makes a person look physically
stronger, according to researchers. This face lets the threat know we mean business. It's one of
our most powerful emotions and it shows just how expressive the human face can be. This face
serves as a warning, whether it's simply to intimidate or to show that a conflict has begun.

Fear

Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled up and together, upper eyelids pulled up, mouth stretched

Each fear-based facial movement prepares us for a fight-or-flight response. This facial
expression capitalizes off of the way our bodies work. Widening our eyes opens up our field of
vision, letting in more light and allows lets us see the threats around us. The same can be said

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

for our oxygen pathways. Opening our nostrils increases our oxygen intake and helps us
prepare to flee or fight.

Disgust

Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled down, nose wrinkled, upper lip pulled up, lips loose.

The disgust face doesn‘t just show our distaste, it also works to protect us. Wrinkling the nose
closes the nasal passage protecting it from dangerous fumes and squinting our eyes shields
them from damage.
Happiness

Facial movements: Muscle around the eyes tightened, ―crows feet‖ wrinkles around the eyes,
cheeks raised, lip corners raised diagonally.

Despite the friendly connotation, researchers believe our smiles might have a more sinister
origin. Many primates show their teeth to assert their dominance and lock down their status in
their social structure. Some researchers believe it is that non-verbal sign that eventually evolved
into a smile.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Sadness

Facial movements: Inner corners of eyebrows raised, eyelids loose, lip corners pulled down.

Sadness is hard to fake, according to researchers. One of the telltale signs of sadness is the inner-brow
raise, which very few people can do on demand.
Surprise

Facial movements: Entire eyebrow pulled up, eyelids pulled up, mouth hangs open, pupils
dilated.

While the surprise expression might only last a second or two, the facial movements — particularly the
raised eyebrows — allow us to take in our surroundings, shift our attention to another, possibly
threatening event, and react quicker. Whether it's a good or bad surprise, the facial reaction is the same.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Contempt

Facial movements: Eyes neutral with the lip corner pulled up and back on one side.

Although the emotion of contempt can overlap with anger and distrust, the facial expression is
unique. It is the only expression that occurs on only one side of the face and can vary in
intensity. At its strongest, one brow may lower while the lower eyelid and lip corner rise on the
same side. At its most covert, the lip corner might only rise briefly.

Poise is keeping cool and calm even in trying moments or crises. Poise is also defined as
having a composed and self-assured manner. This is very important for us, because not all
people understand other‘s feelings, they judge easily. Always be poised.

Emotional Control can be thought of as a facet of emotion regulation, but refers primarily to
attempts by an individual to manage the generation, experience, or expression of emotion, In a
work environment it is important to control your emotions. ... Controlling your emotions is not
only a good practice for your professional well-being, but also for your social life. If you can
control your emotions you can avoid making people upset with unpredictable emotional
reactions.

Follow my six steps to control your emotions and regain rationality in any challenging situation:

Don't react right away. Reacting immediately to emotional triggers can be an immense
mistake. It is guaranteed that you'll say or do something you'll later regret. Before refuting the
trigger with your emotional argument, take a deep breath and stabilize the overwhelming
impulse. Continue to breathe deeply for five minutes, feeling as your muscles untense and your
heart rate returns to normal. As you become calmer, affirm to yourself that this is only
temporary.

Ask for divine guidance. Faith is our saving grace in our darkest moments. No matter your
creed, developing a healthy relationship with the divine world will help you surmount your
obstacles more easily. This is because when you believe in a higher force, you also believe in
the power of divine intervention to show you what you must do, teach you why something is
happening or even save you from a certain unwanted situation. When burdened with emotion,

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

close your eyes, envision a positive solution to your problem, and ask the universe to illuminate
the best path forward.

Find a healthy outlet. Now that you've managed your emotion, you'll need to release it in a
healthy way. Emotions should never be bottled up. Call or go see someone you trust and
recount to them what happened. Hearing an opinion other than your own broadens your
awareness. Keep a journal and transfer your emotions from your inner self onto the paper.
Many people find it helpful to engage in aggressive exercises, such as kickboxing or martial
arts, to discharge their feelings. Others meditate and chant to return to a tranquil state of being.
Perform whatever activity is best-suited to you in order to liberate your being from pent-up
sentiments.

See the bigger picture. Every happening of our lives, whether good or bad, serves a higher
purpose. Wisdom means being able to see past the moment and discern the greater meaning of
any given situation. You may not understand it in the beginning, but as time goes by, you'll
begin to see the bigger picture falling into perfect order. Even in the midst of an emotionally
upsetting moment, trust that there exists an ultimate purpose which you will come to
comprehend soon.

Replace your thoughts. Negative emotions bind us to recurring negative thoughts, creating
cycles of downright negative patterns. Whenever you are confronted with an emotion which is
making you feel or think something bad, force it out of your mind and replace it with a different
thought. Imagine the ideal resolution to your problem playing out, think about someone who
makes you happy or remember an event that makes you smile.

Forgive your emotional triggers. Your emotional triggers may be your best friend, your family
members, yourself or all of the above. You may feel a sudden wave of anger when your friend
"does that thing she does," or a stab of self-loathing when you remember something you could
have done differently. But when you forgive, you detach. You detach from the resentment, the
jealousy or the fury lingering within you. You allow people to be who they are without the need
for escalating emotions. As you forgive, you will find yourself disassociating from the harsh
feelings attached to your being.

Techniques on Positive Attitudes to Lessen Frustrations

When something difficult happens and you end up feeling more dark and stormy, you may think
your day is destroyed. But guess what: ―It‘s normal to experience negative emotions. Listening
to what your feelings are telling you that you need to give yourself a break, enjoy quality time
with a loved one, or be heard and appreciated can help you take action to mentally fell much
lighter . That‘s why having a set of lift-yourself-up tactics in your tool belt is key for tackling
problems big and small. A few (fast) ideas for how to have a positive attitude , even in the most
frustrating situations:

1. You’re dreading your looming deadline. Reenergize: Get moving. Time: 5

minutes.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

How to: Youre initial urge may be to procrastinate , and you may even want to hop on the
couch and turn on Netflix. Instead of retreating, get a little active. There‘s something uniquely
revitalizing about heading out in the fresh air for a walk or going through a couple of stretches ,
but all you really need to do is stand up and move your body.

2. Something is seriously weighing on you, and you’re consumed with worry.

Rewind: Write it out. Time: 5 to 20 minutes.

How to: ― Worry can hijack your day by taking over real estate in your brain,‖ says Susan Biali
Haas, MD, a wellness expert and life coach based in Vancouver, Canada. What‘s more, it can
keep you up at night. One strategy: Write out your worries. ― This can help you work through
your thoughts long before you have to go to bed, ―says Hershenberg. If a few minutes is
cathartic, that‘s great. Keep the total time under 20 minutes, and don‘t do this too close to
bedtime. Set a timer: after it goes off, transition to an activity that‘s more enjoyable and focused
on the present, says Hershenberg.

3. A bunch of little things are adding up, you spilled coffee

on your pants, your commute was chaotic, and the list goes
on.
Distract yourself: Find an out. Time: 10 minutes.

How to: When one annoying thing happens after another, it can feel
like everything is going wrong. It could be an activity you love or are
especially good at, like sing a song, do a headstand. “Creating
confidence boost will take your focus off the negative and into the
positive.

4. Your kid is really giving you sass, putting you at the end of your rope.
Refresh: Go solo. Time: 15 minutes.

How to: ― Talk to your partner and plan a time for a short break today to reconnect with an
activity that really filled your cup before you had kids, ― suggests Laura Froyen, PhD, a
parenting ad relationship coach in Madison, Wisconsin. That may be a hobby, like
watercoloring, or sketching, something relaxing, like reading. ― Incorporating these activities into
your life can be a powerful way to recharge,‖ she says. The trick is to be prepared for these
moments, so buy the supplies you‘ll need (paintbrushes and nice paper, for example) in
advance and put them in an easy-to-access box—hidden away from prying kiddos, of course.

5. You have a million tasks on your to-do list and are getting frantic.
Refocus: Breathe. Time: 1 minute.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

How to: As soon as that chaotic feeling settles in, stop, pause, and breathe. ―We take small,
shallow breaths when we‘re stressed. Deep breathing can reduce anxiety and tension and gets
more oxygen to your brain, helping you make better decisions,‖ says Biali Haas. Try 4-6-8
breathing, she says: Inhale for a count of four, hold for a count of six, and exhale for a count of
eight. ―It will help clear your head and reenergize you,‖ she explains.

6. You wake up already feeling terrible. Reverse It: Show yourself love. Time: 25
minutes.

How to: Do something nice for yourself today, even if that‘s the last thing you feel like doing.
―The worse we feel, the less we want to take care of ourselves, but doing so will improve your
mood,‖ says Biali Haas. Try small acts, like taking a longer shower than normal, sitting outside
without distractions, saying no to something you don‘t want to do, or reading a book for a few
minutes. Biali Haas stops by a coffee shop to pick up a steamed coconut milk with vanilla syrup.
―It‘s a cozy, comforting drink and a special treat that‘s like a hug,‖ she says.

7. You’re so frustrated you could cry. Feel Better: Message someone you love.
Time: 2 minutes.

How to: Rather than ignoring your feelings, acknowledge what you‘re going through. ―It‘s
important not to shove things down. It may make you feel better in the moment, but you need to
face your emotions as soon as possible,‖ says Biali Haas. Feeling your feelings helps prevent
you from turning to unhealthy stress relievers, like downing a massive glass of wine, overeating,
or shopping online. One trick is calling someone supportive who will lend an ear to your venting.
―My sister is my closest confidant, but sometimes she can‘t talk during the day. I use an app that
lets me send her a direct voicemail message. She may not hear it for hours, but I know I can
say whatever I need to, and I know she‘ll have my back,‖ says Biali Haas. Acknowledge what
you‘re going through—feel your feelings—rather than shoving things down.

8. You had an off day, and now your mind is racing a mile a minute, so you can’t
sleep. Relax: Try a quick meditation. Time: 20 minutes.

How to: If ruminating about a bad day is a habit. Try meditation. If Meditation is not your
thing? Create a playlist of calming tunes, especially ones linked to positive memories.

9. You have your weekly meeting with a co-worker who’s always shooting down your
(good!) ideas. Flip the script: Repeat a mantra. Time: 5 seconds.

How to: Feeling as if you‘re being judged, whether by a colleague or a family member, is easy
to take personally and can put you in a bad mood fast, says Froyen. To snap back into a
happier mind set (instead of letting the meeting ruin your workday), repeat a mantra that will
help you stay in the right frame of mind and maintain your confidence. Try ―We both have our
own way of approaching the situation, and that‘s OK‖ or ―I have different ideas, and they‘re just
as worthy of being heard.‖

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Anger management involves a range of skills that can help with recognizing the signs
of anger and handling triggers in a positive way. It requires a person to identify anger at an early
stage and to express their needs while remaining calm and in control.

Ready to get your anger under control? Start by considering these 10 anger management
tips.

1. Think before you speak. In the heat of the moment, it‘s easy to say something which
you‘ll regret later. Take a few moments to collect your thoughts before saying anything,
and allow others involved in the situation to do the same.
2. Once you’re calm, express your anger. As soon as you‘re thinking clearly, express
your frustration in an assertive but non-confrontational way. State your concerns and
needs clearly and directly, without hurting others or trying to control them.
3. Get some exercise. Physical activity can help reduce stress that can cause you to
become angry. If you feel your anger escalating, go for a brisk walk or run, or spend
sometime doing other enjoyable physical activities.
4. Take a timeout. Timeouts aren‘t just for kids. Give yourself short breaks during times
of the day that tend to be stressful. A few moments of quiet time might help you feel
better prepared to handle what‘s ahead without getting irritated or angry.
5. Identify possible solutions. Instead of focusing on what made you mad, work on
resolving the issue at hand. Does your child‘s messy room drive you crazy? Close the
door. Is your partner late for dinner every night? Schedule meals later in the evening or
agree to eat on your own a few times a week. Remind yourself that anger won‘t fix
anything and might only make it worse.
6. Stick with “I” statements. To avoid criticizing or placing blame which might only
increase tension use ―I‖ statements to describe the problem. Be respectful and specific.
For example, say, ―I‘m upset that you left the table without offering to help with the
dishes ‖instead of‖ You never do any housework.‖
7. Don’t hold a grudge. Forgiveness is a powerful tool. If you allow anger and other
negative feelings to crowd out positively feelings, you might find yourself swallowed up
by your own bitterness or sense of injustice, But if you can forgive someone who
angered you, you might both learn from the situation and strengthen your relationship.
8. Use humour to release tension. Lightening up can help diffuse tension. Use humour
to help you face what‘s making you angry and, possibly, any unrealistic expectations you
have for how things should go. Avoid sarcasm, though it can hurt feelings and make
things worse.
9. Practice relaxation skills. When your temper flares, put relaxation skills to work.
Practice deep-breathing
Exercises, imagine a relaxing scene, or repeat a calming word or phrase, such as ―Take
it easy.‖ You might also listen to music, write in a journal or do a few yoga poses
whatever it takes to encourage relaxation.

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10. Know when to seek help. Learning to control anger is a challenge for everyone at
times. Seek help for anger issues if your anger seems out of control, causes you to do
things you regret or hurts those around you.

Stress Management is a wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at

controlling a person‘s level of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the purpose of
and for the motive of improving everyday functioning. Stress is the body‘s reaction to any
change that requires an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with
physical, mental, and emotional responses. Stress is a normal part of life.

Tips to manage stress:

1. Take a 10 minute walk. According to a few experts if you take a walk it will help
reduce endorphins in the system that cause stress.
2. Practice mindfulness. Learning to focus on your breathing can help you reduce stress.
If you are able to take a few minutes out of a day and breath in silence this can greatly
help you reduce your stress.
3. Create an exercise regimen. If you can spend some time of your day getting in a
workout that you enjoy for about 45 this can also help reduce the amount of stress that
you receive and help you manage it.
4. Write a reflection journal. Create a journal where you can write down your thoughts
and process events that have happened to you. This can help you get a fresh
prospective about the situations you are in.
5. Organize yourself. Set aside a few minutes a day to create a planner in order to get
your thoughts straight and take in a chill pill to avoid the chaos that might be taking place
around you currently.
These are just a few points and tips to help get the stress you may have under
control. One of the best ways you can help control your stress is by coming up with
ideas on your own that have worked on reducing those stressful moments. The best
stress manager is yourself.

Time Management is the ability to use one‘s time effectively or productively, especially at work.

Benefits of Time Management:

1. Stress relief. Making and following a task schedule reduces anxiety. As you check off
items on your ―to-do list, you can see that you are making tangible progress. This helps
you avoid feeling stressed out with worry about whether you‘re getting things done.
2. More time. Good time management gives you extra time in your daily life. People who
can time-mange effectively enjoy having more time to spend on hobbies or other
personal pursuits.
3. More opportunities. Managing time well leads to more opportunities and less time
wasted on trivial activities. Good time management skills are key qualities that

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employers look for. The ability to prioritize and schedule work is extremely desirable for
any organization.
4. Ability to realize goals. Individuals who practice good time management are able to
better achieve goals and objectives, and do so in a shorter length of time.

Tips for Effective Time Management:

Implications of Poor Time Management:

1. Poor workflow. If you don‘t plan ahead, you can end up having to jump back and forth,
or backtrack, in doing your work. That translate to reduced efficiency and lower
productivity,
2. Wasted time. Example, by talking to friends on social media while doing an
assignment, you are distracting yourself and wasting time.

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3. Loss of Control. By not knowing what the next task is, you suffer from loss of control of
your life. That can contribute to higher stress levels and anxiety which may cause
anger.
4. Poor quality of work. Poor time management typically makes the quality of your work
suffer. For example, having to rush to complete tasks at the last minute usually
compromises quality.
5. Poor reputations. If clients or your employer cannot rely on you to complete tasks in a
timely manner, their expectations and perceptions of you are adversely affected. If a
client cannot rely on you to get something done on time, they will likely take their
business elsewhere.

Therefore time management, stress management and anger management are

interconnected because it completes the mental framework of an individual which is
essential for efficiency in life.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo,Castaneda, Castro Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching

Personality ,copyright 2015.
2. www.skillyouneed.com
3. Enrich your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:
1. What is an emotion?
2. What is a feeling?
3. What are the different kinds of emotions?
4. What is anger?
5. What is stress?
6. What is anger management?
7. What is stress management?
8. What is time management?
9. What is positivity?
10. How can positivity reduce frustrations in life?

Self Reflection: In an essay, discuss

a. How can time, stress, and anger be interconnected and how management of it can
make a person more efficient?
b. Describe yourself emotionally, and assess your capability to control you negative
emotions.

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Module 4: The Intellectual Aspect and its Identity

Introduction: The intellectual aspect of a person is a very important factor in the impact of
his/her personality. Generally, a person must be aware of the essential elements of the
intellectual side and how to enhance it in a lifetime to fully be confident in dealing with others.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. Focus techniques
2. Reading and listening techniques
3. Importance of intellectual development for a lifetime

Course Material:

Intellectual personality is the feelings, behaviour, beliefs, attitudes, and ways of reasoning,
evaluation and a decision making that people utilized when they face with a cultural
phenomenon as in social, political, religious, historical, economic and then accept or reject it.

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the
reality of society, and proposes solutions for the normative problems of society, and thus gains
authority as a public intellectual.

Focus is the focal point of interest or activity. Concentration is the action or power of focusing
one‘s attention or mental effort. Every person must have focus and concentration on his/her
direction in attaining his/her goals in life.

How your brain chooses what to focus on (and how to control it)

Your brain is always on and taking in information, which means it constantly has to choose
what to pay attention to and what to filter out. Neuroscientists call this ―selective attention‖, and
it comes I 2 different forms:

1. Top-Down (or “Vocabulary focus”). This is the holy grail of focus. Top-down focus is
goal oriented. It‘s responsible for seeing the bigger picture and uses your past experiences
to figure things out. It happens when: You‘re studying for an exam or trying to solve a
difficult problem.

2. Bottom-Up ( or “ Stimulus-driven focus “). When a thought creeps up on you or

something around you grabs your attention (like a ping, bing, or notification) you‘re
suffering from Bottom-Up focus. You can‘t help but pay attention to what‘s happening. It
is when: You hear a loud noise, someone pops out of the bushes, or your phone buzzes.
So what‘s the problem? We can‘t control what kind of focus our brain is using. Despite our
want to stay in Top-Down mode, Bottom-Up focus is able to override our brain‘s filters.
Blame it on our fight-or-flight response: Loud noises and sudden movements are

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associated with danger. And in your primal mind‘s opinion, danger takes priority over the
book you‘re reading or the important email you‘re writing.
And studies have shown that willpower and focus are finite resources – meaning the
more you‘re distracted, the harder it is to get back on track. But science has also shown us
that there are ways to get our focus back as quickly and efficiently as possible.

If you‘ve ever been trapped in a no-focus infinity loop, you know how hard it can be to
get out. Here are some helpful tips to keep in mind the next time you‘re having trouble
keeping your thoughts in order:

1. Work within your brain’s natural schedule. You‘ve probably noticed that you‘re able
to stay more focused at different times of day. For most people, our peak distraction
times occur between 12-4 p.m. And we feel an especially strong crash around 2:00 p.m.
Your brain handles tough cognitive loads best in the late morning hours (after 10 a.m.).
At this point in the day your brain is fully awake, it‘s (hopefully) fed, and humming along
quite nicely.
Focus on intensive tasks in the late morning, and take a break or go for a walk
in the afternoon.

2. Reward your mind for staying focused. Your brain learns by doing. Which means
the more you engage in disruptive behaviour ( like checking your email or Twitter
20,000 times a day) the easier it becomes to continue to engage in it. You‘ve trained
your mind to feel some sort of reward for being distracted, and that needs to stop.
Instead, train your brain to stay focused by catching yourself before you fall into bad
habits. Each time you feel yourself being distracted stop as soon as you can.
The harder you make it to become distracted, the more your mind will stay
focused.

3. Take breaks (real breaks). While most of our lives revolved around receiving as much
input as possible – 15 tabs open at once, non-stop emails, phone calls and messages
from co-workers working as fast as possible doesn‘t make us better at work. In fact, it
does quite the opposite. To strengthen your focus, find a place that is free from
distraction. Whether that‘s a different part of the house or a café without wifi, the point
here is to give your focus a chance to recharge.
If you have no place to consistently go, there are even apps you can download
to help you from being distracted by the internet.

4. Forget multitasking. Multi-tasking is actually a misnomer - a wrong or inaccurate use of

a name or term. So it doesn‘t mean what we think it does.
Our mind is unable to focus on more than one thing at a time, and in fact, ― multi-
tasking‖ just means switching from one thing to another very, very quickly. And the
more we switch, the more energy we use( And the more energy we use, the less we
have to stay focused on what matters).
Make a list of tasks that need to be done in order of importance and stick to it
as much as possible. The less you try to do at once, the better you’ll work
overall.

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5. Find work that keeps you genuinely engaged. Have you ever been just about to
start another task only to find yourself daydreaming 10 minutes later? When you don‘t
believe that the task at hand is important enough to warrant your unmitigated attention,
your brain begins to process other stimulus. This is your brain activating its default
network, which is what you use when your brain is no longer focused on the outside
world.
When you lose focus, ask if it’s you or the task at hand. If it’s less engaging, it
might be better suited to when you have more natural energy (like the late
morning!)

6. Practice mindfulness. Stress is a focus killer of epic proportions. Which really sucks
considering that we‘re most likely to be stressed when we need to focus the most.
Instead, follow some mindfulness training, like meditation, teaches us to not get swept
away by stress or strong emotions by being more aware of what we‘re doing and what
we‘re thinking about. Try taking five minutes for yourself, choose one of your senses
and concentrate only on this sense. Identify what your body and mind is feeling, what
are you touching, smelling, seeing, hearing, tasting?
If you want to take it further, try this exercise for helping to increase
mindfulness at work.

7. Chew gum. Yes, this sounds weird, but research shows that chewing gum increases
the oxygen flow to the parts of your brain responsible for attention. It also improves
your long term memory and injects a bit of insulin into your blood which may help give
you brain that added energy boost. If gum‘s not your thing, have a snack. Your brain
gets energy from glucose, and you need around 420 kcals in order to maintain normal
function. That‘s about 100 pistachios or 4 bananas.
If you feel your focus waning, grab a snack and give your mind some fuel.
Create and environment that brings focus to you, not one that takes it away.

Staying on task can be difficult, but it can be particularly challenging when you are
surrounded by constant distraction. In today‘s always-connected world, diversions are nothing
more than a click away. The ability to concentrate on something in your environment and direct
mental effort toward it is critical for learning new things, achieving goals, and performing well
across a wide variety of situations.

Here are some tips and tricks from psychology that can help you develop laser-
like mental focus and concentration.

1. Assess your mental focus. Before you start working toward improving your
mental focus, you might want to begin by assessing just how strong your mental
focus is at the present moment.

Your Focus is Good if…

 You find it easy to stay alert
 You set goals and break tasks up into smaller parts
 You take short breaks, then get back to work

Your Focus needs work if…

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 You daydream regularly

 You can‘t tune out distractions
 You lose track of your progress

If the first set of statement seems more your style, then you probably already have fairly good
concentration skills, but you could be even stronger with a little practice. If you identify more with
the second set of statements, then you probably need to work on your mental focus quite a bit.
It might take some time, but practicing some good habits and being mindful of your distractibility
can help. The brain processes behind attention and distraction.

2. Eliminate Distractions. While it may sound obvious, people often underestimate

just how many distractions prevent them from concentrating on the task at hand.
Such intrusions might come in the form of a radio blaring in the background or
perhaps an obnoxious co-worker who constantly drops by your cubicle to chat.

One way to deal with this is to set aside a specific time and place and request to be left alone
for that period of time. Another alternative is to seek out a calm location where you know you
will be able to work undisturbed.
Not all distractions come from outside sources. Exhaustion, worry, anxiety, poor motivation,
and other internal disturbances can be particularly difficult to avoid. A few strategies you may
want to try to minimize or eliminate such internal distractions are to make sure you are well-
rested prior to the task and to use positive thoughts and imagery to fight off anxiety and worry.
If you find your mind wandering toward distracting thoughts, consciously bring you focus back to
the task at hand.

3. Limit Your Focus. While multi-tasking may seem like a great way to get a lot done
Quickly, it turns out that people are actually rather bad at it. Juggling multiple tasks
at once can dramatically cut down on productivity and makes it much harder to hone
in on the details that are truly important. Attentional resources are limited so it is
important to budget them wisely.
Think of your attention as a spotlight. If you shine that spotlight on one particular area, you
can see things very clearly. If you were to try to spread that same amount of light across a large
dark room, you might instead only glimpse the shadowy outlines. Part of improving your mental
focus is all about making the most of the resources you have available. Stop multitasking and
instead give your full attention to one thing at a time.

4. Live in the moment. It‘s tough to stay mentally focused when you are ruminating
about the past, worrying about the future, or tuned out of the present moment for
some other reason. You have probably heard people talk about the importance of
―being present‖. It‘s all about putting away distractions, whether they are physical
(your mobile phone) or psychological (your anxieties) and being fully mentally
engaged in the current moment.
This notion of being present is also essential for recapturing your mental focus. Staying in the
here and now keeps your attention sharp and your mental resources honed in on the details that
really matter at a specific point in time. It may take some time but work on learning to truly live
in the moment. You cannot change the past and the future has not happened yet, but what you
do today can help you avoid repeating past mistakes and pave a path for a more successful
future.

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5. Practice mindfulness. Mindfulness is a hot topic right now, and for good reason.
Despite of the fact that people have practiced forms of mindfulness meditation for
thousands of years, its many health benefits are only recently starting to be
understood.
In one study, researchers had human resources professionals engage in simulation of
the sort of complex multitasking they engaged in each day at work. These tasks had to be
completed in 20 minutes and included answering phones, scheduling meetings, and writing
memos with sources of information pouring in from multiple sources including by phone calls,
emails, and text messages.
Some participants received 8 weeks of training in the use of mindfulness meditation and the
results found that only those who had received this training showed improvement in
concentration and focus. Members of the meditation group were able to stay on task longer,
switched between tasks less frequently, and performed the work more efficiently than the other
groups of participants. Practicing mindfulness can involve learning how to meditate, but it can
also be as simple as trying a quick and easy breathing exercise.

Quick Tip to Regain Focus:

Start by taking several deep breaths while really focusing on each and every breath. When you
feel your mind naturally begin to wander, gently and uncritically guide your focus back to your
deep breathing. While this might seem like a deceptively simple task, you may find that it is
actually much more difficult that it appears. Fortunately, this breathing activity is something you
can do anywhere and anytime. Eventually, you will probably find that it becomes easier to
disengage from intrusive thoughts and return your focus to where it belongs.

6. Take a short break. Have you ever tried to focus on the same thing for a long
period of time? After a while, your focus starts to break down and it becomes more
and more difficult to devote your mental resources to the task. Not only that, but
your performance ultimately suffers as a result.

Traditional explanations in psychology have suggested that this is due to attentional

resources being depleted, but some researchers believe that it has more to do with the brain‘s
tendency to ignore sources of constant stimulation. Researchers have found that even taking
very brief breaks by shifting your attention elsewhere can dramatically improve mental focus,

So the next time you are working on a prolonged task, such as preparing your taxes or studying
for an exam, be sure to give yourself an occasional mental break. Shift your attention to
something unrelated to the task at hand, even if it is only for a few moments. These short
moments of respite might mean that you are able to keep your mental focus sharp and your
performance high when you really need it.

7. Keep Practicing. Building your mental focus is not something that will happen
overnight. Even professional athletes require plenty of time and practice in order to
strengthen their concentration skills. One of the first steps is to recognize the impact
that being distracted is having on your life. If you are struggling to accomplish your
goals and find yourself getting side-tracked by unimportant details, it is time to start
placing a higher value on your time.

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By building your mental focus, you will find that you are able to accomplish more and
concentration on the things in life that truly bring you success, joy, and satisfaction.
How to develop techniques to improve comprehension:

1. Improve your vocabulary. Knowing what the words you are reading mean can
improve your ability to comprehend the meaning of the text. To improve your
vocabulary, you can:
 Take an online vocabulary quiz to assess your current level of vocabulary understanding
 Use flashcards to quiz yourself on words you don‘t know once or twice a week
 Make a point to use newly learned words in verbal and written communication
 Read as much as possible to improve your ability to guess what a word means in a
certain context
 Make a list of unfamiliar words as you read and look them up in the dictionary

2. Come up with questions about the text you are reading. Asking questions about
what you are reading can help improve your reading comprehension by allowing you to
become invested in the text. It can also broaden your overall understanding of what you
are reading by enabling you to explore themes, motifs and other components of text that
you otherwise wouldn‘t inquire about. The following are examples of questions you
could pose as you read:
 Why did the author begin the book at that location?
 What kind of relationship do these two characters share?
 What do we know about the main character up to this point in the book?
 Are there any themes that have consistently come up throughout the book? If so, what
do they mean?
The more specific your questions, the more likely you will gain further insight into the
text and its meaning.

3. Use context clues. Using context clues is a great way to understand what you are
reading even if you don‘t know all the vocabulary being used. Context clues can be
found in the words and sentences surrounding the word that you aren‘t familiar with. To
use context clues, you can focus on the key phrases or ideas in a sentence and deduce
the main idea of a sentence or paragraph based on this information. You can also look
for nearby words that are synonyms or antonyms of the word you don‘t know.

4. Look for the main idea. Identifying the main idea of a paragraph or article can help
you determine the importance of the article. Understanding why, what you‘re reading is
important can give you a better comprehension of what the author is trying to convey.
When reading, pause every few paragraphs and see if you can decipher what the main
idea is. Then, try to put the main idea in your own words for even further understanding.

5. Write a summary of what you read. A great way to increase your knowledge of what
you have read is to write a summary. Summarizing requires you to decide what is
important in the text and then put it in your own words. Summarizing allows you to
determine if you truly understand what you have read and better remember what you
have read in the long term.

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6. Break up the reading into smaller sections. If you are reading longer or more
challenging text, consider breaking it up into smaller sections. For example, you could
read two paragraphs at a time and then pause to quickly summarize what you just read
in your mind. Breaking up what you are reading can help you feel less overwhelmed
and give you a better chance of truly comprehending the information in the text.

7. Pace yourself. Pacing yourself is also an effective way to work on your reading
comprehension skills by allowing you to set realistic goals for your reading practice and
habits. This is especially true for books or other literature that you find challenging. Set
a goal for yourself that you know you can meet each day. For example, rather than
saying that you want to read an entire book in two days, say that you will read three
chapters a night. This allows you to reach your goals and also provides adequate time
for you to process what you are reading between each session.

Tips to make the most of your reading comprehension practice:

Reading is a fundamental part of everyday life. The more you incorporate and prioritize reading
and understanding what you read, the better your overall reading comprehension will become.
These Tips can help you make the most of your time when practicing your reading skills.
 Eliminate distractions. When you are distracted, your ability to comprehend what you
are reading is negatively impacted. When reading, even if it‘s a simple email, eliminate
distractions and focus solely on the text. This will help you learn to hold your attention to
what you read and enable you to know whether you understand what you are reading.
 Read a book below your reading level. Starting with books below your reading level
will allow you to develop a baseline of your reading comprehension and build on that.
Instead of starting with books or other text that you find challenging, read something that
is comfortable and that you can easily comprehend. You can take an online quiz to
establish the reading level you are currently at.
 Re-read text to ensure understanding. If you finish a sentence or paragraph and
realize that you don‘t understand what it was trying to convey, take the time to re-read it
until you do. Try to read more slowly the second time around and look up definitions for
any words you don‘t know the meaning of.
 Read aloud. Reading aloud incorporates both visual and audio learning into your
reading comprehension practice. It also forces you to slow down and gives you more
time to process what you are reading.

Different Reading Techniques and when to use them: We all know that there are different
reading techniques and students should be aware of which technique is most suited, depending
on the reading task required by the text or by the situation. Training students to know the
different reading techniques and when to use them is very important, especially under exam
conditions when time constraints come into play and students need to have faster reading,
learning and memory skills.
The four main types of reading techniques are the following:
 Skimming
 Scanning
 Intensive
 Extensive

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Skimming

.
Skimming is sometimes referred to as gist reading where you‘re trying to glance over the
material to grasp the main idea. The way you do this is to read the first and last paragraph and
check for any dark headings.
Skimming may help in order to know what the text is about at its most basic level. You might
typically do this with a magazine or newspaper and would help you mentally and quickly shortlist
those articles which you might consider for a deeper read. You might typically skim to search
for name in a telephone directory.
Skimming will certainly save you a lot of time as you grasp the main idea of whatever you are
reading, but do not expect your comprehension to be high during the process.
However, skimming is useful when your goal is to preview the text to get a better idea of what
it‘s about. It will help prepare you for deeper learning. As learning expert and author Pat
Wyman says in her online course, Total recall Learning for Students, skimming is a terrific
idea to get an overview and mental picture in your mind which will help improve your memory.
This strategy makes it much easier to recall what you‘re about to read..
1. Take a look at the table of contents first.
2. Review the subheadings in each chapter
3. Quickly read the first paragraph in that section
4. Check out anything in your text that is in bold or italics
5. If there is a chapter summary, now is a good time read it over
This completely prepares your brain to have an overview of what this chapter is about.
You can then go on to use scanning to find specific important ideas.
Scanning

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Picture yourself visiting a historical city, guide book in hand. You would most probably just
scan the guide book to see which site you might want to visit. Scanning involves getting your
eyes to quickly scuttle across sentence and is used to get just a simple piece of information.
You‘ll be searching for specific words or phrases that will give you more information and answer
questions you may have.
Interestingly, research has concluded that reading off a computer screen actually inhibits the
pathways to effective scanning and thus, reading of paper is far more conducive to speedy
comprehension of texts. Something students sometimes do not give enough importance to is
illustrations. These should be included in your scanning. Pay special attention to the
introduction and the conclusion.

Intensive Reading

You need to have your aims clear in mind when understanding intensive reading.
Remember this is going to be far more time consuming than scanning or skimming.

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If you need to list the chronology of events in a long passage, you will need to read it
intensively. This type of reading has indeed beneficial to language learners as it helps them
understand vocabulary by deducing the meaning of words in context. It moreover, helps with
retention of information for long periods of time and knowledge resulting from intensive reading
persists in your long term memory.
This is one reason why reading huge amounts of information just before an exam does not
work very well. Students tend to do this, and they undertake neither type of reading process
effectively, especially neglecting intensive reading. They may remember the answers in an
exam but will likely forget everything soon afterwards.

Extensive Reading

Extensive reading involves reading for pleasure. Because there is an element of enjoyment in
extensive reading it is unlikely that students will undertake extensive reading of a text they do
not like. It also requires a fluid decoding and assimilation of the text and content in front of you.
If the text is difficult and you stop every few minutes to figure out what is being said or to look up
new words in the dictionary, you are breaking your concentration and diverting your thoughts.

Good listening skills also have benefits in our personal lives, including: A greater number of
friends and social networks, improved self-esteem and confidence, higher grades at school and
in academic work, and even better health and general well- being.
In our experience, most people think good listening comes down to doing three things:
 Not talking when others are speaking.
 Letting others know you‘re listening through facial expressions and verbal sounds like
(―Mmm-hmm‖)
 Being able to repeat what others have said, practically word-for-word.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Training your memory, executive control, and visuospatial reasoning can help boost your
intelligence levels. The best way to train these areas of your brain is to engage in thoughtful
activities and games, learn new skills, and keep your brain active.

Techniques to Improve your I.Q.

It‘s common to think of Intelligence as something that you‘re simply born with. Some people,
after all, make being smart look effortless. Intelligence isn‘t a set trait though. It‘s a
changeable, flexible ability to learn and stimulate your brain that can improve your overall
intelligence which includes two types:
 Crystallized intelligence. This refers to your vocabulary, knowledge, and skills.
Crystallized intelligence typically increases as you get older.
 Fluid intelligence. Also known as fluid reasoning, fluid intelligence is your ability to
reason and think abstractly.
Read on to learn what science has to say about the different ways you may be able to
boost both your crystallized and fluid intelligence.

However here are some pointers;

1. Exercise regularly. Staying physically active is one of the best ways to improve brain
functioning. Beginner- friendly exercise ideas begins with walking a few times a day.
To enjoy the cognitive benefits of exercise, it‘s important to do it regularly. The good
news is that you don‘t have to exercise vigorously to reap the benefits.

2. Get enough sleep. Sleep is also essential for supporting optimal cognitive function.
When you sleep, your brain consolidates memories you created throughout the day. It
also enhances your brain‘s ability to learn new information when you wake up. In fact,
adequate sleep is so important that even mild sleep deprivation negatively influences
working memory.

3. Meditate. Another way to become smarter is to practice meditation. Meditation was

associated with better executive functioning and working memory. These effects were
observed after just four days of meditation.
Just open your Holy Bible. Read a verse or two, close your eyes focus on the
message you have just read. Follow your breathing, as the air smoothly comes
and goes of your body. Relax yourself maintain this position to about a few
minutes, and you will feel the difference. Do this regularly on anytime of the day,
and you will experience continuous peace throughout the day.

4. Drink green tea. Sipping on green tea can also support your brain function. Some of
these effects are due to the caffeine in green tea, which is present in small amounts.
Green tea is also rich in a chemical called epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). According
to researches, EGCG may facilitate the growth of the axons and dendrites in neurons.
Axons and dendrites make it possible for neurons to communicate and complete
cognitive tasks.
And as a conclusion the green tea increases attention and working memory. This
is likely due to the combination of beneficial components in green tea, rather than
a single substance.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

5. Eat nutrient-rich foods. Another way to boost your brain health is to eat foods with
nutrients that support brain function, This includes foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids,
flavonoids, and vitamin K.
Omega-3 fatty acids are major components of the brain‘s structure. Rich sources includes:
Fatty fish, shellfish, seaweeds, flax, avocados, and nuts. Flavonoids are beneficial plant
compounds with neuro-protective benefits. According to studies, flavonoids are associated with
positive cognitive outcomes, including increased executive functioning and working memory.
Rich sources of flavonoids include: Berries, tea, cocoa, soybeans. grains.
Vitamin K, according also to some studies plays a role in brain cell survival and cognitive
performance. It‘s primarily found in leafy greens, such as kale, spinach, collards, malunggay.

6. Play an instrument. Playing an instrument is a fun and creative way to boost your
intelligence. It involves skills like:
 Auditory perception
 Physical coordination
 Memory
 Pattern recognition

This challenges your sensory and cognitive abilities, as a result, playing a musical instrument
may help increase your cognitive and neural functioning. If you‘re an experienced musician,
challenge yourself by learning new songs or genres. If you don‘t know how to play instrument,
remember that it‘s never too late to start. You can find plenty of free how-to videos online to
get you started.

7. Read. Research shows that reading may also help boost your intelligence. According
to 2017 review, reading stimulates every part of your brain, along with the neural
connections between them. That‘s because it requires multiple cognitive functions,
including : Attention, predicting, working memory, long-term storage memory, abstract
reasoning, comprehension, visual processing of letters.

A study also determined that reading enhances connectivity between brain regions involved
with comprehension. This effect can last a couple of days after reading, suggesting long-term
benefits.

8. Continue Learning. If you‘d like to increase intelligence, aim to be a student life. A

longer duration of education is linked to higher intelligence. Another study shows that
continuing education also increases cognitive function and protects your brain.
Continuing education doesn‘t mean you need to get a degree. You can listen to
podcasts, watch TED talks, attend lectures or workshops, pick up a new hobby, learn a
new language, read books on a new subject.

9. Socialize. Since humans are social creatures, staying social may also enhance your
mental fitness That‘s because socialization stimulates the mind and cognitive ability.

If you find it difficult to meet new people or create relationships, you may want to consider the
following: Volunteer in your community, join a club, gym, or sports team, take a class, join a
book club, reconnect with old friends.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Read:

1. Aguinaldo,Castaneda, Castro Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching

Personality ,copyright 2015.
2. www.skillyouneed.com
3. Enrich your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:

1. What is the intellectual aspect of personality?

2. What is an intellectual person?
3. How can we develop our comprehension?
4. What are the different reading techniques?
5. How to develop one‘s focus?
6. Is the focus and concentration related to the intelligence of a person?
7. How to develop our I.Q?
8. How to develop our reading comprehension?
9. What should I do be mentally alert?
10. Is listening skills essential to intellectual development?

Exercises: Read a news article, read aloud with a friend, then write down on a whole sheet of
paper the gist of the news you have read. Include the new words you have learned from the
news article and give its meaning. Try to create new sentences with the new found words.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 5: The Social Aspect of the Individual

Introduction: As an old saying goes, no man is an island and no man can stand alone. It will
further be felt as a person goes older. That is why we should be aware of how to develop and
consistently take good care of our social aspect as an individual further as a workforce in a
business.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the students should learn:

1. Individual differences
2. Manners, Etiquettes, Ethics and Social Graces
3. Proper relations at work

Course Material:

Individual differences are the more-or-less enduring psychological characteristics that

distinguish one person from another and thus help to define each person‘s individuality. Among
the most important kinds of individual differences are intelligence, personality traits, and values.

Four fundamental personality types:

Most individuals tend to have aspects of their personality which identify with each of the four
temperaments. However, there are usually one or two primary temperaments that are displayed
at a significantly higher level. An individual could be any combination of the following four types.

Sanguine personality type is described primarily as being highly talkative, enthusiastic, active,
and social. Sanguines tend to be more extroverted and enjoy being part of a crowd, theyfind
that being social, outgoing, and charismatic is easy to accomplish. Individuals with this
personality have a hard time doing nothing and engage in more risk seeking behaviour.

Choleric Individuals tends to be more extroverted. They are described as independent,

decisive, goal-oriented, and ambitious. These combined with their dominant, result-oriented

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

outlook make them natural leaders. In Greek, Medieval, and Renaissance thought, they were
also violent, vengeful, and short-tempered.

Melancholic Individuals tend to be analytical and detail-oriented, and they are deep thinkers
and feelers. They are introverted and try to avoid being singled out in a crowd. A melancholic
personality leads to self-reliant individuals who are thoughtful, reserved, and often anxious.
They often strive for perfection within themselves and their surroundings, which leads to tidy
and detail-oriented behaviour.

Phlegmatic Individuals tend to be relaxed, peaceful, quiet, and easy-going. They are
sympathetic and care about others, yet they try to hide their emotions. Phlegmatic Individuals
are also good at generalizing ideas or problems to the world and making compromises/

LIKEABILITY IS A KEY FACTOR TO WORKPLACE SUCCESS.

If Personality conflicts occur in the office, productivity slows and targets are missed. Here are
five ways to deal with different personality types:

1. Give a feedback sandwich. You may like speaking your mind, but others may not like
to hear it. Most workers have a tough time receiving negative feedback, even when it‘s
from someone they know, like and admire. To ease the situation, try implementing a
feedback sandwich. Start on a positive note(―I really like the work you‘ve been
completing‖), continue with the potentially abrasive feedback (―but would love to see you
meet deadlines‖), and then end on another positive note (―so we can continue the
momentum on this project‖)

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

2. Ask how the other person works. If your colleague wants to achieve inbox zero every
day, email is probably not the best way to communicate, Figure out how your
colleagues and managers enjoy working and try your best not to interrupt their
productivity flow. Your colleague may prefer you to ping her on Skype or stop by her
office versus sending an email, for instance. Bending to other people‘s processes will
position you as a team player, not to mention make it easier for you to push your own
projects through.

3. Choose your battles. There is a cost every time you engage in a workplace conflict
and it‘s usually time. Projects get delayed and workers become stressed. Decide what
your priorities are and let everything else go even if you know you‘re right. The key is to
know when you should push an idea and when you shouldn‘t. High performers know
success is less about proving themselves, and more about contributing to a shared
vision. Relationships reign supreme.

4. Know that you’re on the same team. While the workplace can and should have
multiple personalities and opinions, it‘s easy to forget that everyone is working toward
the same objective. A colleague may not complete a task in the same way you would,
but that‘s no reason to be divisive. You‘re all on the same team, working toward the
same goal, and strong opinions are the sign of a passionate team, be grateful you‘re
surrounded by people who care about their work as much as you do.

5. Respect other people’s expertise. Most people just want to be heard and validated.
Respect and acknowledge that your colleagues have and expertise that you don‘t. If you
can understand not only that you don‘t know it all, but you can‘t do it all, you‘ll find it‘s
much more enjoyable to interact with your co-workers and get things done. Try not to
undermine people‘s authority and instead, ask for their input, feedback, and advice when
something comes up in their realm of expertise. They‘ll appreciate being consulted, and
you‘ll learn something new.

Working with different personalities isn‘t easy, but it‘s always necessary. Remember, you can‘t
change how others behave, but you can use these five strategies to increase your own odds at
success.

Manners. A person‘s outward bearing or way of behaving toward others.

Examples of Good manners that child should learn:

1. Greet everyone who calls or comes home. From childhood, we should be trained to
greet visitors at home as they come and as they leave. As Filipinos, we were taught of
getting the visitors hands and placing it on our foreheads to seek blessings. We call it
―pagmamano‖.

2. Say “Please” and “May I”. Educate kids to always ask before they take something
from you or someone else by asking ―May I ―. Ask them to be humble by saying ,
―Please‖.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

3. Say ”Thank You”. Always tell your child that whenever someone gives you something
reciprocate and show gratitude by saying ―Thank You‖.

4. Never Interrupt. When you kids want to say something teach them to say‖ Excuse me,
please‖. Tell them never interrupt elders when they are talking.

5. Respect Others’ Opinion. Never try to impose your opinion on someone. Respect
everyone‘s opinion. Every individual is different and unique.

6. Everyone is born beautiful. Teach kids to look beyond physical beauty.

7. Knock the Door. Always ensure to knock the door before entering a room. This is the
basic courtesy that should be taught to everyone irrespective of their age.

Etiquette. The customary code of polite, behaviour in society or among members of a

particular profession or group.

Here are some Basic Etiquette Rules:

 Be yourself – and allow others to treat you with respect. Let this one sink in, ladies.
Who you are is perfectly acceptable, and, you are worthy of being treated courteously.
Working out the rough edges can be a lifelong process, and now is a really good time to
start!

 Say “Thank You”. When someone gives you a compliment or does something nice,
the best response is a simple ―Thank you‖. Please also remember, ―Please‖‘, ―Excuse
me‖, and ―You‘re welcome‖, which are other marks of good manners.

 Give Genuine Compliments. A fundamental rule of good manners is to give. When

you meet someone, you can always think of a genuine compliments to give, along with
your attention and interest. A ―Hello‖ or ―How are you?‖ is most often not enough. Be
generous with sincere words of praise, warm greetings, sympathy, or whatever is
appropriate to the occasion.

 Don’t be Boastful, Arrogant or Loud. When in polite company, always exercise self-
control and good taste. Your voice, your behaviour and even your clothing should reflect
understated elegance. Please do not brag about accomplishments; a well-mannered
person has no need for self-advertisement. Let your deeds speak for themselves.

 Listen Before Speaking. Respect for others is a requirement of good manners.

Listening to others is a way to show respect. Be genuinely interested in others; learn
their names, and encourage them to talk about themselves. Never interrupt. Look them
in the eyes, and listen carefully.

 Speak with Kindness and Caution. Before speaking to others, consider what effect
your words will have. Also remember the language of the body (your posture and your
mannerisms) is actually more important than the language of words.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
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Management Technology Department

 Do Not Criticize or Complain. Negativity in any form is to be avoided. Ignore gossip;

don‘t participate. If you disagree with others, do so respectfully (agree to disagree).
Since we all need to vent, reserve your ―bitch‖ sessions to your one or two closest
friend/family members…period!

 Be punctual. Appreciate the value of time, yours and others. If you make an
appointment, arrive on time. If you must be late, call first. Never arrive early for a social
engagement (this is fine in a business setting). Lingering good-byes merely cause
frustration and can ruin an otherwise good time. A quick, simple exit at the proper time
is usually appreciated.

 Do not Embarrass Others. Demeaning anyone with rude jokes or an unwelcome

nickname is disrespectful. In conversation, never ask embarrassing questions about
relationships, or asking how much was paid for something (my Grandmother said that
discussing money is ―vulgar!‖ Funny as it may seem, But she was right…)

 Act and Look Your Best. Take time and care in how you present yourself both in
appearance and in manners.

Etiquette for Gentlemen

In Social Etiquette, I have a secret for you. Women actually want to be treated like ladies, even
if they aren‘t acting like one at the moment. In all things, there are exceptions to the rule. 97%
of women will absolutely love being treated in a courteous manner and, while being well-
mannered, you may run across one of the 3 of snarlies who will chastise you for being polite.
Business etiquette is a different matter as the social order here is based on power. In this
arena, men treat women as their equals, not in a chivalrous manner.

In Social Etiquette. Handshake is a good gesture. Look the person in the eye/smile/use a firm
grip (not death grip) and a firm wrist (limp is pretty awful) /hold for no more than 2 or 3 seconds.

If Seating in crowded places. If seating is limited, you are sitting, offer your seat to a woman
who is standing (older woman takes precedence over a young woman). Note to self – if the
young woman is wise, she will offer her seat to the older woman and you may offer your seat to
her. It is also appropriate to offer your seat to an older gentleman (before offering it to a younger
woman)

Seating in restaurants and parties. Stand until the host/hostess tells you where to sit. Be
sure to help Be sure to help the women in the party be seated before you take your own seat.
Pull the chair out slightly so they may be seated easily. Help to slide the chair in gently to the
table.

Opening doors. Open doors for ladies, elders, anyone loaded down with packages. Open car
doors for a woman to get into the car and out of the car (you may have to tell the young lady
that you will open her door so she doesn‘t catapult herself out of the car before you can get
around to her side)

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Helping with jacket/coat. When you see a lady putting on a coat or jacket, gently hold the coat
by the collar/shoulder area and help put it on (I say gently because women hate their clothes
being scrunched or man-handled – sigh, sad but true)

Offer of helps. When you see women doing anything, the following questions are usually
always welcome:
 May I help you with that?
 May I carry that for you?

Coasters (filed under “Picky little stuff”) Before you set a glass/bottle/dish on a table or
desk, ask if your host would like you to use a coaster if you don‘t see any available.

Business Etiquette is a set of rules that govern the way people interact with one another in
business, with customers, suppliers, with inside or outside bodies. It is all about conveying the
right image and behaving in an appropriate way.

Handshake. Look the person in the eye/smile /use a firm grip (not death grip) and a firm wrist
(limp is pretty awful)/hold for no more than 2 or 3 seconds

Seating in crowded places. Offer the seat to an individual in a superior position to yours by
saying, ―Would you like to take this seat?‖

Seating in restaurants and parties. Stand until the host/hostess tells you where to sit

Opening doors. Open doors for peers, superiors, clients, or anyone loaded down with items
being carried

Coasters. Before you set a glass/bottle/dish on a table or desk, ask if your host would like you
to use a coaster if you don‘t see any available.

Etiquette for Ladies

Candace Simpson’s book, “How to be a Lady; A Contemporary Guide to Common

Courtesy”, makes the point that, since society has changed so dramatically over the past 50
years, the definition of a ―lady‖ has left everyone confused. “A lady in today‘s world knows that
educating herself in every way possible (higher education to common sense manners)
empowers her to become a woman of accomplishment and poise. She knows that it is not her
dress size or the size of her bank account that bring her satisfaction in life. A lady knows that
beauty and wealth may soon be gone, but her inner character is the measure by which others
will ultimately judge her as a person‖. Manners have nothing to do with money, or showing
anybody that you are better than they are as manners are the exact opposite of that.

Just be nice!

 Picture a young woman smiling, wearing an elegant dress, jewels, and hairstyle

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

 Picture her now with a scowl on her face, complaining and being rude to someone.
How does your impression of her change?

The most important guideline for being a ―lady‖ is to be kind; choosing to believe the best about
others and yourself. The more you act like a lady (kindly) you will notice that this brings out the
gentlemanly side of the men in your life.

Strange but true – when you are being kind, you will feel beautiful : D

There will be those in your life who will question this kind of behaviour that may be new to you.
There is nothing that you need to explain.

Ethics. Is a system of principles that helps us tell right from wrong, good from bad. Ethics is
concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral
philosophy.

Social Grace. A skill for dealing with people and society. The ability to fit into polite society
and behave properly and with etiquette.

All of these behavioral standards should begin at home. The relationship of an individual to
others in the society is trainable, and adaptability becomes spontaneous as a person grows
older. However, if it was not taught to you in your younger years, it is still not to late, at least
you know its importance and learning it will be more effective, because you can apply it
immediately.

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Human Relations covers all types of interactions among people like conflicts, cooperation
efforts, and group relationships. It is the study of why our beliefs, attitudes and behaviours
sometimes cause interpersonal conflict in our personal lives and in work-related situations.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Public Relations. Is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial

relationships between organizations and their publics. ―Public relations can also be defined as
the practice of managing communication between an organization and its publics.

Business ethics is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical
principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. It applies to
all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire
organizations.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
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Management Technology Department

Work Ethics is a belief that hard work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent
ability, virtue of value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values
focused on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo,Castaneda, Castro Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching

Personality, copyright 2015.
2. www.skillyouneed.com
3. Enrich your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:

1. What is the importance of good human relations to our life?

2. What is individual differences?
3. What is manner?
4. What is etiquette?
5. What is ethics?
6. What is social grace?
7. What is the similarities of manner, etiquette, ethics, social grace?
8. What is the value of having manner, etiquette, ethics, and social grace in
interacting with people in our lifetime?
9. What are the things that we should remember in dealing with the different
personality types of man?
10. From what you have read it this topic, What is the connection of work ethics to
business ethics

Group Work: Form a group of 5 members. With your groupmates, analyze the different
types of personality the group has, and how to make the team work as one inspite of the
differences.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
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Management Technology Department

Module 6: The Value Aspect of an Individual

Introduction: Our individual difference is not so easy to blend well with others, it is only
through our values that man can understand others well. And appreciation of man as part of our
lives is better handled with our deeper understanding of our individual value formed in us
through the years

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. Value Formation
2. Realization of the stages of human life cycle
3. Need to embrace changes in life with positivity

Course Material:

A personal value system is a set of principles or ideals that drive and/or guide your behaviour.
Your personal value system gives you structure and purpose by helping you determine what is
meaningful and important to you. Our values define your character.

What are the 3 dimensions of value and value formation?

There are three dimensions of value: universally human, cultural that vary with societies and
times; and personal that vary with individuals. Each dimension has a standard for judging the
adequacy of the relevant values.

Value as spiritual skills. Mind consists of multiple levels, or layers. Values can be described as
spiritual skills. Values such as honesty, loyalty and patience are skills of the higher or spiritual
mind that is above the thinking mind. The formation of these values or spiritual skills follows the
same process as the formation of skills at lower levels.

Human accomplishments is determined by the dimensions(width, amplitude, scope, reach and

spread) of his work. All significant accomplishment in work, includes a dimension of the values
(of spirit). An ordinary citizen seeking a career acquires a degree, a job, a family and sets about
seeking a goal. His goal is achieved or not, depending on whether he includes values or not in
his pursuit. Suppose his goal is to become an executive, a politician, the head of the family or a
wealthy businessman. Unless the values corresponding to this goal are also acquired during
the process of his pursuit, he will not reach that goal. Beyond a certain level in the society, no
goal can be reached without positive values. Up to that level, goals such as the accumulation of
money or power can be reached negatively also.

The values that enable a person to accomplish his goals are primarily given by family and
secondarily by school education. Later one‘s job may impart a few values. In addition one may
consciously choose to acquire other values.

1. Skill is a work value.

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2. Skill accomplishes in the physical plane.

3. In each plane, skill belongs to the physical part of that plane i.e. [(Nine Levels) Levels 3,
6, and 9].
4. Skill in the vital is known as attitude.
5. Skill in the mind is known as decision.
6. Skill in the spirit is known as values.
7. Skill in the being is known as motives.
8. Individuals achieve in the measure they learn the skills required for achievement.
9. Skill needs to be distinguished from capacity, ability and talent which are more complex
formations.
10. Skills accomplish in the measure values and discipline supports them.
11. Family imparts psychological skills, school impart mental skills, work imparts work skills
and human interaction imparts social skills.
12. Every individual and society possesses a significant untapped potential of formed skills
that are not being utilized. This is so because skill formation is subconscious.
13. Making skill formation conscious can enable individuals and societies to raise their
accomplishments tenfold, the way Asian countries developed by importing foreign
technology.
14. Individuals and societies are only attracted to new possibilities when those potentials
appeal to the fabric of their formed values.
15. Man has invested so much effort to build up his current formation of values such as
prestige, security, and money that he will not risk them for anything.
16. He will readily risk and nothing can prevent him from risking, provided the opportunity
appeals to a higher level of his formed values. Even if it is far higher and unattainable,
he will exert his maximum to attain it. He would rather die than not attempt it.
17. This irresistible urge can be seen in the revolution of rising expectations.
18. If a complete map of value formation and scales of several values (physical, vital,
mental, social, operational, etc.) are developed, it can be used by any individual,
organization or society to identify the next higher level which can inspire higher
accomplishment. That next higher level always involves a tenfold expansion over the
present level of accomplishment.
19. If such scales are constructed and made available to the population through schools, the
world can eliminate all its present problems.
20. Education plays a partial but crucial role in the entire process.

The meaning of life, or the answere to the question: “What is the meaning of life?” pertains
to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include: ―Why
are we here?‖, ―What is life all about?‖, or ― What is the purpose of existence?‖ It may sound
weird to some of us by in reality, the only way to feel contentment is through the feeling of it.
Therefore, There should always be a goal for our existence on earth. For example, we would
like to be remembered as a faithful employee, a loving person. Then we should also keep it our
person. Then we should also keep it our consciousness so that that purpose will be attained at
the end of our journey here on earth.

The human body constantly develops and changes throughout the human life cycle, and food
provides the fuel for those changes. The major stages of the human lifecycle include
pregnancy, infancy, the toddler years, childhood, puberty, older adolescence, adulthood, middle
age, and the senior year.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

“The only thing that is constant is change.” – Heraclitus. We cannot deny that because in
our life there are always changes that instantly pops-out and we either accept it positively or we
simply ignore it, and have negative results in us. And eventually we will feel the lost of not
taking in the change that came out. So here are the 5 effortless ways on how to Embrace
Change by Suzanne Kane.

Time never stands still in real life. It‘s not like the movies where characters can freeze-frame
and the writer takes the viewer on some tangential story. In real life, change happens
constantly. You can fight it or welcome it. It‘s your choice. Change will occur regardless.

For example. Consider that nature is constantly in a state of flux. See how your breath
increases or decreases according to the amount of energy you exert. Hear the different
cadences of birds trilling, singing and chortling in the trees and bushes and flitting among the
flowers in search of nectar. See the visible changes in friends and relatives portrayed in
photographs in the family album. Change will happen and does happen all the time. In fact,
change is constant.

Why not embrace change? If change is going to happen anyway, fighting it won‘t do any good.
It‘s better to figure out an approach to deal with change that will work for you. Short of outright
embracing it, however, which many are reluctant or feel incapable of doing, how can you learn
to welcome change or learn to accept and deal with it? Here are some suggestions:

1. Keep a list. It‘s difficult to remember all the events and happenings in life without
record. To begin learning how to accept and eventually embrace change, start by listing
momentous events in your life, actions you took toward goals you felt were worthwhile
and the outcome of those actions. Everyday, find the time to jot down items that point to
changes in direction you took, such as taking a diffferent route to work and finding a

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

delightful store to browse in, being given a new assignment and diving in with
excitement, hearing about the unexpected illness of a dear friend and getting in touch
with her to offer comfort and support. These are times of change. They are significant
to the extent that re-reading your list and thinking about them will help you realize that
you are changing all along. It‘s as natural as breathing and you do it often without
thinking too much about it.

2. Look for ways to change and incorporate them into your life. Actively seek to do
things differently instead of the usual routine. This not only adds change gradually into
your life, it also makes lie more interesting, alive and enjoyable. Do a wardrobe
makeover. Get a haircut or new coloring, perhaps streaking or highlights. Join a group
with interests like your own or try out a group devoted to something you‘ve never done,
but would like to.

3. See change as good. Adopt a mindset that views change as positive and beneficial
instead of something to be avoided at all costs. Remember that you cannot stop change
from occurring, so learning to deal with it is necessary to living a happy and productive
life. By reminding yourself that change is good, even when terrible things happen you‘ll
be able to find the nugget of good hidden within and be able to move forward in life.

4. Surround yourself with change-oriented people. The positive thinker. The friends
you cultivate and keep often have a profound effect on your receptiveness to change
and your ability to accept and embrace change. If they are optimistic, open to innovative
ideas and experiences, willing to take measured risks and learn from mistakes, they are
likely enjoyable to be around and serve as an inspiration for your own goals, As such,
make it a point to surround yourself with people who view change as not only good, but
necessary and vital to living a vibrant, purposeful life.

5. Surround yourself with change-oriented people. Feel yourself grow. Another vital
part of change that is often overlooked is the fact that change allows you to grow. As
you embark on some new adventure, begin a learning process, seek new friends and
explore new areas of interest, feel yourself growing and changing. This is an excellent
self-reminder and self-affirmation that reinforces a positive outlook on life that will serve
you will always.

Receiving respect from others is important because it helps us to fell sage and to express
ourselves. Respect means that you accept somebody for who they are, even when they‘re
different from you or you don‘t agree with them. Respect in your relationships builds feeling of
trust, safety, and wellbeing. In having respect in interaction with people a peaceful and
progressive atmosphere will be reflected worldwide.

Dignity is one of the most important things to the human spirit. Only with dignity are people
able to achieve things like being good in school, finding friends, leading a happy life and maybe
even making a difference in the world. Having dignity means being treated with respect and
treating others with respect.

Integrity is one of the core values that employers look for in potential employees. It‘s also a
core value to the operation of businesses. In the workplace, employees that act with integrity

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

will always tell the truth, are accountable, and reliable, and treat co-workers, stakeholders, and
customers with respect. In conclusion, developing these three important values in ourselves will
eventually complete our personality for a lifetime.

Read:

1. The Holy Bible NIV version

2. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,
copyright 2015.
3. www.edusearch.com.nz
4. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:

1. What is the value aspect of personality?

2. How will your personal value system guide you to a purpose driven life?
3. What are the most important values you need to incorporate in your life to find
fulfilment?
4. What is the human life cycle?
5. What is the effect of respect, dignity, and integrity to our personal and professional
success?
6. What is the meaning of change is inevitable? Use you own idea?
7. What are the values you have learned from home?
8. What are the values you have learned from school?
9. Why is value considered as a spiritual skill?
10. How will you know that your possess the right values in life?

Self-Reflection:
What are the values you have based on the relationship you had in your family,
classmates from elementary to present?

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 7: Improvement of Personality

Introduction: There is nothing valuable that improving ourselves. As we have been

discussing earlier in this module, Change is part of our life. Therefore, we should embrace the
reality that we should always be willing to accept change and make it as part of our existence.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. Awareness of the bad traits each possess

2. Need to apply change
3. Tips on how to improve personality

Course Material:

Change is part of life. And changing a habit doesn‘t have to take long, but it‘s hard. Really
hard. But when it comes to counterproductive habits like arguing, self-criticism, or blaming
others, turning our knee-jerk reactions into something healthier and more productive is
essential. The first step is to be aware of your reactions. You can‘t change something if you
don‘t realize you‘re doing it. Think about what kinds of things set you off, then consider the
series of warnings signs that precede them. Next, think about where you can recognize and cut
off the warning signs, stopping the series from continuing forward. The earlier you can stop
yourself, the better and the more you do it, the easier it will become. Try simply taking a breath
to give yourself a few moments to calmdown. Finally, work on replacing the counterproductive
habit with something healthier. You can change your bad habits, the tricj is to stop them in their
tracks.

Everyone gets it wrong sometimes. Making mistakes is part of life. How we handle situations in
which we realize we‘re wrong, though, says volumes about what kind of person we are. It takes
high levels of honesty, integrity, courage. Especially in the public sector to admit when you‘re
wrong. Perhaps that‘s why many leaders don‖t do it.

A recent online survey conducted by Dale Carnegie Training of nearly 3,100 employees across
13 countries found that ―admitting when they are wrong‖ produced the largest gap of any of the
Leadership behaviours in terms of the difference between its importance to employees and its
consistent performance by supervisors. Eighty one percent of respondents said that having a
leader who will admit to being wrong is important or very important to inspiring them to give their
best efforts at work, but only 41 percent said their supervisors could be trusted to do so
consistently a gap of 40 percent.

The 2016 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) closed in June, and initial results are
expected soon, The top line goal was to improve the Employee Engagement Index (EEI) to 67
percent. Research shows that employee engagement is critical to meeting goals. The FEVS
itself states that engaged employees are more innovative, productive, committed, and satisfied.
It found strong correlations between the EEI and employees‘ intention to stay, which has
important implications given the high cost of turnover in both monetary terms and the loss of
organizational knowledge. EEI scores from employees who intend to stay were more than 50

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

percent higher than those from employees intending to leave ( 72 percent for stayers versus 47
percent for leavers).

A Matter of Trust

A Closer look at the EEI within the 2015 FEVS reveals insights on honesty, integrity, and trust,
which provide clues to the link between managers‘ admitting mistakes and employee
engagement:

 Only half of federal employees believed their leader ―maintain high standards of honesty
and integrity.‖
 One-third of employees stil said they don‘t trust or have confidence in their supervisor.

We also studied employees‘ trust in their supervisors, looking at two dimensions: external
reliability, how likely someone is to be honest and trustworthy when dealing with others, and
internal reliability, how true they are to their own values and principles. We saw strong
correlations between employees‘ perceptions of their supervisors‘ reliability and employees‘ job
satisfaction and intent to stay. So the same positive outcomes of high engagement levels on
the part of employees are associated with high levels of reliability on the part of supervisors.

Setting an Example

Admitting when you‘re wrong builds trust and shows integrity. Typically, when leaders realize
they‘ve made a mistake, others have noticed, too. Leaders who then fail to admit they were
wrong leave employees feeling as though their leaders consider being right more important than
being honest. Taking responsibility demostrates that leaders value integrity over the easier
paths of laying blame or hoping their mistake won‘t be exposed. Admitting when you‘re wrong
also shows you‘re aware of, and therefore in a position to learn from, your mistakes. This can
build further confidence in your leadership.

The Number-One Behaviour

In our research, leaders‘ willingness to ―admit when they are wrong‖ was the number-one
tested behaviour in terms of its positive impact on employees‘ job satisfaction and intent to stay.

More than a hundred years ago, Dale Carnegie advised, ―When you‘re wrong, admit it quickly
and emphatically.‖ That advice holds true today. While good leaders will usually make the right
calls, even the best will undoubtedly have opportunities to prove their reliablity, trustworthiness,
and integrity by owning up to their mistakes.

Tips on how to improve your personality:

1. Know yourself
2. Accept who you are
3. Plan the step by step changes you need to do
4. Make a checklist of the changes and continously up-grade it until it becomes your
nature.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

How to Use Personality Assessment Tests to Improve Workplace Culture Communication

Using personality assessment tests with your current employees and sharing the results with
them can help team members better understand each other, which is a win-win for all involved.
When employees understand how their co-workers and managers prefer to communicate, the
workplace becomes a more productive, comfortable environment.

A personality test also can also inspire self-awareness. By taking a simple online test,
employees can be more aware of the way they approach issues and feel most comfortable in
the workplace. It forces your employees to see the differences between what the test says

Step 1: Choose a personality assessment test that identifies introverts and extroverts.

As you probably already know, extroverts and intoverts approach work and social processes
differently, which can cause unwanted friction. Taking time to identify introverts and extroverts
can help teams find better ways to connect. Two of the most popular tests used in the
workplace are the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the DiSC Profile.

The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) generates 16 personality types based on a four-letter
output of these dichotomies:
 Introvert or extrovert interactions
 Sensing or intuition to access information
 Thinking or feeling when making decisions
 Judging or perceiving view of the world
The combination of their preference among the above make up a person‘s type. For example,
someone with the preference of introverted, intuitive, judging and feeling is classified as ―INJF‖.
Myers-Briggs has extensive information about each type, including stressors and motivators.

The DiSC model organizes personalities among four quadrants, with people using being
dominant in one of them:
 Dominance, an emphasis on accomplishing results
 Influence, an emphasis on relationships and influencing others
 Steadiness, an emphasis on cooperation and dependability
 Conscientiousness, an emphasis on quality, accuracy, and competency
Results from the DiSC model are presented on a circle, with a dot falling in one the quadrants,
so test takers can see where their personality lies and identify how much of each quadrant is
relevant to them.
Other tests offer facilitation to help trainers effectively lead personality assessment sessions.
Depending on the size of your company and available resources, whether the test‘s authors
offer to assist with training processes may factor into which model you choose.

Step 2: Communicate with managers and employees.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Before you administer the test, talk with managers about why. Giving them time to understand
how it will enable them to be better leaders and benefit their teams can turn them into fellow
advocates.
Discuss with managers how and when you‘ll share results, which they can use to improve team
engagement and productivity. How your front-line managers utilize test results in the day-to-day
will impact employee engagement more than anything else, so it‘s vital they‘re on the same
page as you. This can be accomplished with an initial email, followed by a short meeting to
answer any questions or concerns.

When letting employees know about the test, it‘s important they understand it‘s strictly a tool to
understand it‘s strictly a tool to understand each other better and work well together. Also,
stress to employees that there are no right or wrong answers. Results will be skewed if
employees answer questions the way they think they‘re expected. Let employees and
managers know that after the entire team has completed the test, HR will conduct a session to
discuss results. Using personality tests effectively is all about sharing and talking about the
outcomes. There‘s no need for employees to keep their results to themselves.

Step 3: Administer the Test.

If a personality assessment is led by HR instead of the team‘s leader or manager, employees

can use will learn how to interact with their own manager from an outside perspective. Various
models have different guidelines for administering tests to teams. Both DiSC and MBTI offer
options for corporations and teams with variable pricing, and a program you HR team could take
to become certified administrators.

Since the test is important, employees should be given an adequate amount of time to complete
it. Although many personality assessments can be taken with a pencil and paper, it‘s handy to
take advantage of the online version. Scoring is automatic, allowing employees to review their
results before the group discussion.

When you send the link to the online test to your teams, include a completion deadline, one
week should be enough time. Be sure to communicate the estimated time the test will take, and
be generous , don‘t say it takes 10 minutes if it took you 10 minutes to complete. Most test
companies will share an estimate for proper completion.

After the test is complete, it‘s vital to store the data. Keeping track of this information can help
you better evaluation conflicts, recognize high performers and address communication issues
on teams.

Store the information with employees‘ files or in a location with the rest of their team‘s
information. Also, be sure to note employees‘ titles. You may consider keeping spreadsheet
with employees‘ results for quicker access. However, make sure you regularly update the
spreadsheet to reflect your current workforce and keep it in a safe place.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Paycom clients: Create a custom field in Documents and Checklists to securely store
personality test data with employees‘ other HR information. Then, you quickly and easily can
organize employees by personality type to further identify trends.

Step 4: Communicate results with managers and employees.

Before and after the group discussion of results, conduct a one-on-one meeting with managers
to go over the results and provide specific insights. Setting aside this meeting time will help
your managers especially new ones to understand how to communicate with their teams based
on personality assessment tests.
 In your ―before‖ meeting, let managers know
 How the team meeting will be conducted.
 Why HR is leading the meeting instead of managers or supervisors
 The results of the test, including how a manager‘s personality type may be different from
the rest of the team‘s
It‘s ok to have a different personality type than the rest of the team (if that‘s the case)
While the results are important, they‘re simply a tool to help everyone connect and build
bridges.

When it‘s time to share results with the team as a whole, give them as much context as
possible. Information from these assessments can help immediate supervisors better
understand their direct reports, and vice versa, especially when it comes to communication style
or conflict management. Make it clear there is no ―correct‖ personality type for your business;
no employee should fell like their results make them less than others.
By taking the personality assessment test and then reviewing the results together, employees
will learn more about their co-workers and the best ways to interact with them. Sharing and
discussing the results helps employees understand their own personalities and tendencies.
Even if they disagree with the outcome, it‘s an opportunity for them to share their own
assessment of their personality in a safe environment.

Avoid simply letting everyone know what each other scored and leaving it at that. The most
important part of this process is looking at what the results mean and discussng them together.
For example, what does it mean to be an ENFP or an INTP? What does it mean to be a ―C‖ or
an ―S‖ with ―i‖ tendencies? Those are the questions you must answer in the group session;
luckily, both DiSC and MTBI offer a lot of information to help you do so. Additionally, allow
participants to ask questions and discuss results that surprised them or confirmed their
perceptions and discuss results that surprised them or confirmed their perceptions about
themselves.

However, avoid making the mistake of taking every assessment at face value and let your
employees know that, too. People are complex, so one test can‘t tell you everything you need
to know about how to interact with each other.

About a month or so after the group session, schedule another meeting with the managers to
discuss how communication has changed their teams. What you learn in this session can help
you plan additional tests for other departments.

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INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Step 5: Use the data to strategically attract and engage great talent.

The information gained from personality tests also can help your company make smarter hiring
decisions. The data may help you identify who is a ―culture fit‖ for your organization so you can
craft better job descriptions. However, this should be approached carefully.
The best way to strategically attract top talent is by using the data you have about your current
workforce to create job descriptions that are accurate and appeal to the people you want to
apply. With management‘s input, pull reports for personality trends of your top performers to
identify if there is a correlation that exist with their personality test results. Perhaps they‘re a
mix of introverts and extroverts, but both values independence. If so, you will learn employees
prefer the freedom to do their job as they see fit, without management interference.

In interviews, encourage managers and recruiters to ask questions based on personality type. If
your best employees mostly prefer to work alone quietly, job candidates who say they work best
in a team and prefer constant brainstorming, interaction and feedback might not make an ideal
hire. In your applicant tracking system, you can include knockout questions along the same
lines to identify candidates you may not want to bring in for an interview.

You‘ll also want to update your on-boarding process to include taking whichever personality
assessment you‘ve deemed is right for your organization. Taking the time to get to know new
employees this way helps them feel engaged and connected to your company culture faster.
Scheduling time with them to discuss their results with their manager or with HR and how those
results relate with the rest of the team is important. For example, you could take this time to let
a new employee know many people on the team are introverts who often wear headphones to
help them focus, but that new hires should not feel like they can‘t approach someone wearing
headphones. The opposite is also true: If an introverted new hire joins a team of extroverts,
you would let him or her know it‘s OK to use headphones to help them focus and be productive.

Conclusion: Understanding each other boosts employee engagement.

While some may scoff at the accuracy of personality assessments, one thing is for certain:
When given the opportunity to take a test at work, your employees can evaluate how they view
themselves and how others may perceive them. It may not be a completely accurate portrayal
of someone‘s personality (and honestly, how could one internet-based test be?) but it will give
your workforce insight into one another.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,

copyright 2015.
2. www.edusearch.co.nz
3. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Activities:

1. Why is change inevitable?

2. What is a personality assessment test?
3. Who administer a personality assessment test?
4. What is the importance of a personality assessment test?
5. What are the steps in a personality assessment test?
6. What is the importance of knowing yourself?
7. What is the importance of accepting who you are?
8. What are the Tips on how to improve your personality?
9. What is the meaning of the conclusion the personality assessment test gives that says:
Understanding each other boost employee empowerment.
10. Explain why is it important to accept one‘s imperfect?

Group activity:

Divide the class into 2, get a partner and follow the tips on how to improve your personality, then
write on a sheet of paper the plan you will follow, exchange your partner and after a week
reassess the changes made based on the plan you wrote on the paper.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 8: Environmental figures and how to deal with them

Introduction: There are a lot of obstacles in life that everyone should experience and the
everyone who successful adjust himself or herself to overcome this obstacles can joyfully enjoy
the next chapters of life with confidence and enthusiasm. Let Course Objectives: In these us
further understand our personality as we enter understand that there are different environmental
figures that may sway us from the direction we plan to reach.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. The difference of traits and behavior
2. Adopting changes in the environment
3. Techniques to deal with misunderstandings

Course Material:

Environmental conditions affect human health, well-being and other quality of life aspect, both
directly, for instance through pollution which will weaken the individual both in mind and body.
And indirectly, for example, by having an impact on property prices, or the change in the
purchasing power of money can in turn affect an individual‘s economic prosperity.

There are two factors that affects the individual in the his/her environment:

1. Traits – it is something about you that makes you ‖YOU‖. When your mother says that
you get all your best traits from her, she means you have the same charming smile and
the same brilliant mid as she has. In science, traits refers to a characteristic that is
caused by genetics.
2. Behaviour – the way in which a person acts in response to a particular situation or
stimulus.
Because of these an individual may not intentionally plan to be rebellious or negative but the
environmental conditions or figures might have triggered the person to be in that condition.

Acceptance is the ability to see that others have a right to be their own unique persons. That
means having a right to their own feelings, thoughts, and opinions. When you accept people for
who they are, you let go of your desire to change them. And this will transmit a positive vibes to
the person you interact.

Remember there are a lot of environmental changes that we have like the disturbances of the
environment most often caused by human influences, like traffic, natural ecological processes
such as like the shortage of prime production, these also includes natural disasters, human
interferences, or animal interaction.

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Management Technology Department

So, what can we do about these, the best way is to adopt the changes as what this module
have been emphasizing from the start there should always be the mentality that change is
needed, there was a study that says on average, it takes more than 2 months before a new
behaviour becomes automatic, 66 days to be exact. And how long does it takes a new habit to
form can vary widely depending on the behaviour, the person and the circumstances will have.

Accept the change in Workplace Difficulty:

The main parameter all employees need to possess is the ability to adapt to change.
Employees should understand that change is constant and that employees should accept
change rather than defending it. Here are a few changes at workplace difficulties:

1. Job loss. There are ample reasons for an employee to defend changes in the
workplace. When an organization is considered the systems, technological
advancement, process, organizational settings and more changes would include cost
reduction, streamlining, smart work, efficiency, faster turnaround times and more.
Employees fear that their roles might be reduced to eliminate and hence staffs resist
changes.
Employees view change as something that is harmful to their position or organization. It
is at times of change do we know the satisfaction level of the employees with their jobs.

Satisfied employees are the ones who are able to weather the changes that occur in an
organization. They view change as a requirement for the organization and are positive
in approaching the change. While it is the unhappy employees who view change as a
complaint and have a negative impact on the organization.

2. Fear of failure. The main reason for many employees to resist change is fear. It is at
times of change that many be think they should stick to the past as it would be secured
and safe. They had worked hard for the past to be the best session for them, in case
they resist and do not accept change, then they cannot succeed in the future.

3. Habituated. Employees are habituated to the same routine and find it comfortable.
They do not wish to change the way they operate or move out of their comfort zone.

4. Not required. Changes are viewed by certain employees as an aspect which has an
impact on their specific job roles. They do not take it seriously and the positive impact
they possess in the organization. They consider change unnecessary and disruptive.

5. Losing control. Employees have control over their work as they follow certain technizues
and procedures. When a change occurs, they feel uncomfortable and muddled with the
proceeding.

6. Close- minded people. It is the close-minded people who do not accept change. They
Have the attitude and have also made up their minds not to change and they do not give
up at times of discussion and explanations.

7. Fear about support system. At times of challenges, employees believe in their support
system as it would assist them. After changes, they fear that their support system would

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INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

be shattered and hence resist for change. They are more worried working for new
projects, new employees, and new supervisor. They have a mind-set that they may fail
since they do not possess someone to support.

8. Hesitant to learn. There are few employees who are hesitant towards adapting new
changes and to learn new aspects. These employees decide that they already know
what is to be done. These kinds of employees have already decided that the change
would not be productive and they are resistant to learn hinder the growth of the
organization. It is also a hindrance to their personal growth and development.

9. Fear about decline. Changes are sure to enter into an organization and if it moves well,
they fear that such changes would not support and improve the organization.

Misunderstandings ruins relationships. Whether it‘s marriage, a business partnership, or

your neighbour, a misunderstanding can cause a lot of damage. When a misunderstanding
occurs, who caused the problem? The answer is, everyone involved in the conversation. If you
have something to say, it‘s up to you to ensure that the person you are delivering your message
to have understood what you‘ve said. You‘d do this by asking a fellowmen questions to check
that they duplicated your intended message. At the same time, if you‘re being spoken to it‘s up
to you to ensure that you understand what‘s been said. If anything is said that you‘re not 100%
certain you understand, it‘s crucial that you ask questions to clarify.

So how misunderstandings happens? The simple answer is when one, or both parties don‘t
ensure that they have same idea of what was spoken about, or what decision was made.

If misunderstanding does happen (and they often do), here are 5 steps to handle it.

1. Ask permission to discuss the situation. This might sound stupid, or really basic. It‘s
not. In fact, if you ask for permission, you then have a willing participant, and you‘ve
acknowledged their choice to not talk about it then and there. You are now both engaged
in the conversation.
2. Ask questions and really listen to the answers. Acknowledge the person and their
reality, if it‘s different to yours. If you go into this conversation wanting to be right, or to
prove that you are right, and they are wrong, you‘re in trouble before you start.
3. Find the source of the misunderstanding and correct it. By asking questions, you‘ll
find the exact source of the misunderstanding. It could be a word, a sentence, or even
just a bit of body language that was just used. You‘ll know when you find it because all of
a sudden, there will be an observable change. There are lots of positive indicators that
happen.
4. Check that understanding has been reached and the emotions dealt with. When a
misunderstanding occurs, there is often emotion involved. The severity of the emotion
will be dependent upon the topic, and who is involved. If you get the lightening up of the
situation as described above, it will then help to confirm that understanding has been
reached. Ask questions and confirm that you both have the same understanding. It pays
not to rush. Observe whether or not there are any emotions still hanging around. If there
are, ask more questions, to enlighten you.
5. Confirm that this understanding is now in place and move forward. This seems like
a simple step, or like a repeat of number 4. It‘s not. It‘s about confirming and

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

acknowledging together that we both agree on our understanding, and we‘re ready to
move forward.
There‘s a lot more depth to communication than what most people understand. It‘s easy to
assume that you‘re comfortable talking to people, that means you have excellent
communication skills.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,

copyright 2015.
2. www.edusearch.co.nz
3. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com

Activities:

1. What are the environmental figures that can cause your behavior?
2. What is traits?
3. What is behavior?
4. What are the causes of misunderstanding?
5. How can misunderstanding be resolved?
6. What is acceptance?
7. How does accepting people for who they are makes you a better person?
8. What are the different changes in workplace?
9. How can we cope-up with environment changes?
10. What the factors that affect an individual to be misunderstood?

Self-reflection:

How do I personally handle misunderstands I experienced.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 9: Cultural behavior of Filipinos at work

Introduction: Personality is developed for employment. So in this module we will discuss the
cultural orientation of filipino business for self-awareness and eventually understand that each
business has its own culture. /through this we will be comfortable in any culture we will end up
with.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. Filipino work environment
2. How filipinos are in other countries
3. Development of a personal view for work community

Course Material:

Different countries has performed business activity for their subsistence. Not to mention that it
is the best way to prosperity. Because of this it is normal that businesses operate as a
multinational corporations. And most of us filipinos aims to work with them Remember,
different countries cultivate different approaches to professionalism. Imposing the work culture
of one country may not be the best course of action. What‘s considered to be normal in North
American work culture could be taken wrongly if applied to a European or Asian office.

The Philippines is one of the most diverse countries in Asia. And any business should prioritize
immersing themselves in Filipino culture to understand what working with them is like. With
knowledge of its intricacies, working with a Filipino offshore team becomes a rewarding
experience.

On Pride and Modesty. The concept of pride or ―saving face‖ is a big deal in Asian work
cultures. It is often associated with Japanese workspaces but it can also be applied in the
Filipino setting. Often Filipinos are not very confrontational and value their reputation. They go
out of their way to avoid losing face or being embarrassed in public settings. The so called
―hiya‖ or ―mahiyain‖ is a complicated Filipino value that puts importance on how others see
them. There will be times when you will need to talk about sensitive matters, and Filipinos will
just keep quiet. It‘s best to do this in a discreet, courteous and constructive manner. This will
benefit the team and the company as it allows them to work better without feeling any level of
shame that stems from their ―hiya‖.

Collaborations founded on friendliness. Now you might be thinking to yourself that Filipinos
are mostly reserved, shy and hard to communicate with. However, it is actually quite the
opposite. Having a Filipino team off-shore means working with very friendly and outgoing
people. Filipinos are sociable and easy to interact with. They jump at any chance to befriend
others and go out of their way to make other feel comfortable. They even try to include as many
people as possible in social gatherings and get-togethers. To give an example, Filipinos love
big gatherings especially when there‘s food involved. Often, you will see groups of differing
sizes having big lunches, dinners or even mid-days snacks. The Filipino Fiesta is a major

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

gathering that celebrates special occasions with exquisite spreads. The party atmosphere
brings whole communities together even if people are not familiar with each other. What‘s
more, Filipinos will sometimes greet guests with ‖kain po‖ while they are eating as it translates
to ― Come, eat ―. Some expats are surprised when food is offered to them, but it is a great
indication of how welcoming Filipino culture is.

Family above all things first. In many western countries, children are encouraged to move out
of their homes and live on their own. Parents are also sent to retirement homes once they
reach a certain age. The idea of immediate independence from one‘s parents is viewed as
absurd for many Filipinos. This because family takes priority above many things for Filipinos,
both professionally and personally. The everyday language of Filipinos shows how engrained
family values are to them. When calling the attention of others, Filipinos will sometimes use
―kuya‖ or ―ate‖, or ―older brother‖ and ―older sister‖. When amongst family, older authority
figures such as parents of friends they are referred to as ―tito‖ and ―tita‖, meaning an uncle and
aunt. It is second nature for Filipinos to call strangers or unrelated people as members of their
family.

Earlier, it was discussed how Filipinos value sociable relationships in their lives. Their love for
family can be considered a big reason to this. When a work environment feels closed and
unwelcoming, it takes a toll on Filipinos professionally. Some may choose to stay on-board
despite poor working conditions – possibly stemming from their effort to save face. Those that
do may start to feet negative effects in their personal lives as well. This is why Filipinos often
prefer being in work environments that are open and welcoming. They want their working
relationship with other people to feel like they are part of an extended family.

A Work Culture like no other. The work culture of the Philippines is rich and varied in many
ways. Filipinos take pride in their work for their families and to their company‘s success.
Working with Filipinos has been an enriching experience for everyone at Diversify. The
company has gotten glimpses of Philippine culture through their work ethic, productivity and
discipline. The warm and friendly nature that Filipinos naturally possess gives any office new
life. The Philippine talent pool is deep and having Filipinos in your offshore team will help you
meet your business goals.

Work environment of Filipinos:

Meetings - In meetings, there is a culture of coming in occasions late in the Philippines, due to
traffic condition in the country. However, since it is important to be punctual. You can expect a
Filipino to be on time when the appointment is business-related. Expect people to defer
decision making to those in higher ranking positions. Negotiations often progress slowly as
Filipinos like to check in on how everyone feels about the matter. The end of a meeting usually
consists of social conversation, and it is important that everyone remains and engages in it.

Relationship Oriented - Personal relationships play a large role in Filipino business culture.
Finding a third-party introduction is a helpful strategy as Filipinos prefer to work with those that
they know and trust. For this reason among others, nepotism is common. It is also favoured
that face-to-face meetings are held when possible as they consider over-the-phone business to
be impersonal.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Keep in mind that networking is not done idly in Filipino culture. Personal contacts can be
crucial to success, and therefore Filipinos invest much time and effort into their relationships.
They seek to develop a friendship between individuals, not companies. Therefore, if during
negotiations your company changes the representative who is in contact with them, you may
have to start over in order to cultivate a new relationship and deal.

Filipinos will often be eager to know you and may ask many questions about your family and
personal life. Sometimes this can come across as direct and overly personal, but ut us not
intended that way; in fact, they will expect you to do the same to them. They may expect you to
grant privileges for them on the basis of your friendships and vice versa, which usually entail
favours for their family. Try to be flexible in receiving and extending these favours as they will
help you generously in return.

In order to deepen a relationship, be talkative and personable as possible. Avoid appearing

stiff and cold but maintain modesty. The impression you have on a Filipino will largely influence
the decisions they make to the point that their view of you may even override certain business
objectives. For example, price can become secondary to Filipinos it they like their business
partner. With this, the Filipinos are reliable workers. The modesty traits of Filipinos, and their
family oriented traits makes them a reliable, dependable worker.

Considerations to Fonder:

 Filipino business culture is hierarchical, with the person of highest status approving all
final decisions but group consensus is still necessary for all decisions before it reaches
this person.
 Verbal agreements are adhered on the basis of trust. If you break them, you will
jeopardise your business relationships.
 Because they can be preoccupied with avoiding ―hiya‖ (shame or embarrassment), a
Filipino is unlikely to directly refuse a proposal or reject something you say, even when
they do not agree with it. Therefore, focus on hints of hesitation. Listen to what they
say, but also pay close attention to what they don‘t say (and might implicitly mean) and
double check your understanding.
 To avoid directly saying ―no‖, a Filipino may respond with a statement to the effect of
―bahala na‖, which generally means that it is up to God‘s will or fate.
 Appealing to emotion and making exaggerations or promises that sound too good to be
true are likely to make Filipinos hesitant of suspicious of doing business with you.
 On the Corruption Perception Index (2017), the Philippines ranks 111 th out of the 180
countries, receiving a score of 34 (on scale from 0 to 100). This perception suggests
that the country‘s public sector is somewhat corrupt.

In conclusion:

The world is based on materialism. The Filipinos are not all materialistic most of our fellowmen
are values oriented brought about by our culture and the different colonials we experienced in
the past. This made the race more flexible, humane, and religious which made us stable even
in the most trying times of crisis and that is one of the most treasured values we should keep in
mind and soul till the end of time.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Read:

1. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,

copyright, 2015.
2. www.edusearch.com.nz
3. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:

1. What is the purpose of knowing our work culture as Filipino‘s?

2. Identify each trait we have as Filipinos and consider its good and bad effect?
Try to assess how the negative traits be made positive?
3. In your own words, why do Filipinos becomes suspicious of over flowered words they
here from a person?
4. Explain the Filipino trait of ―mahiyain‖, then assess your when you feel this ‗hiya‖, What
do you do to overcome it?
5. Refresh your mind, what are the other traits not mentioned which greatly affects us in
dealing with other races?
6. Compare our working traits with Europeans, what do you think is the difference? Give at
least 3.
7. Compare our working traits with other asian countries, give at least 3 differences.
8. Compare our working traits with the Americans, give at least 3 differences.
9. What have learned from his topic? Explain your answer briefly.
10. What is the advantage of knowing our traits at work?

Self- Reflection:

From the groupings we have identify the traits of each member, list them and assess its
positive or negative result brought about by this trait to the performance of your group as a
whole.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 10: How to develop social responsibility

Introduction: The basic principle Iife is focused on the reality that there is a creator of all
these. And that we need to concerned with one another to keep this world the best place to live.
So in these part of our discussion, let us talk about the way on how this world will became as
how we wish it to.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. How to develop social responsibility?

2. How to stay happy and contented at work?
3. Create a personal insight on our share for the environment

Course Material:

When you think of environment, do you think about issues such as global warming or global sea
levels rising? Do you consider the relationship between human beings and the world, from air
pollution to the depletion of natural resources?

In the past several decades, individuals began recognizing the importance of sustainability and
started studying the moral and ethical relationship between humans and the environment.
Sustainability specialists, conservationists, environmentalist, geoscientists, and others have
devoted their careers to the study of preserving the nonhuman world. Social responsibility is an
ethical framework and suggests that an individual has an obligation to work and cooperate with
other individuals and organizations for the benefit of society at large.

So in short, all of us need to work to together for the sustainance of this world. In its larger
prospective, being an socially responsible company can bolster a company‘s image and build its
brand. Social responsibility empowers employees to leverage the corporate resources at their
disposal to do good to our mother nature. Formal corporate social responsibility programs can
boost employees‘ morale and lead to greater productivity in the workforce.

Environmental ethics is formally defined as the study of human interaction with nature. In
business sense, environmental ethics is concerned with a company‘s responsibility to protect
the environment in which it operates.

What is workplace happiness?

In life, it is not all materialism, Have you heard of the word, Arbedjsglaede is a Danish term that
indicates the happiness we derive from‖doing― something. It is an emotion, a sense of well-
being that comes when we ―feel good‖ about the work we do and ―feel involved‖ as ―part of a
team‖. Pronounced as ‖ah-bites-gleh-he‖, aka = Happiness at work!

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

In a fundamental sense, workplace happiness comes when:

 We enjoy doing the tasks assigned to us

 We feel right about the people we working with
 We are happy with the financial benefits we get from the job
 We he the scope of improving our existing skills
 We feel respected and acknowledged at work
 We feel the self-worth of the task

Happiness at work is not the sum of proper investment and good returns; it is more than that.
Individual factors like personality traits, level of perception, underlying psychological stressors,
and emotional intelligence influence te degree to which we feel comfortable in a professional
situation.

In the book, ―the Happiness Advantage‖ written by Shawn Achor stated that a company with
happy employees could increase their sales by 37%. Productivity by 31%, which directly
contribute toward building a high-performance work environment and improves the quality of life
for all people involved with the work.

The Importance of Happiness at work

The concept of happiness at work was not there until a few decades ago, and there is a reason
for that. In the last few years, we have seen drastic changes in the industrial sector, we now
work in positions that did not exist twenty years ago. Who could have thought of designations
like Social Media Manager, SEO Expert, Chief Happiness Officer, Motivational Coach and
Speaker, Career Counselor, or Project Coordinator in the $0‘s and 50‘s?

With such wide range of comples tasks that we have to choose from today, it is only essential
that we extract the true happiness from the work we devote ourselves to. Happy employees are
Compulsary for a growing business.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Workplace Happiness Matters. A happy worker will reach office on time because he respects
his punctuality and will perform all the daily tasks because he enjoys doing it. He will work out
of love, not out of compulsion.

1. Happiness Multiplies Success. Happiness at work can spread like fire. Employees who
feel pleasure in doing their work form a great example to others who are less motivated..
Happiness in the workplace is directly correlational to increased productivity and better
group performance at work.
2. Happiness builds positivity. A troubled mind can be the storehouse of negative
contemplations. When we work out of compulsion and don‘t feel passionate about the
contribution we make to the organization‘s success, our mind starts wearing. We
become stressed, lose focus, and indulge self-deprecating thoughts like ― I have to quit ‖.
On the contrary, a professional who has strong positive feelings about the job will
undoubtedly be more enthusiastic and focus on building himself. Rather than focusing
on the problems, he would look into ways of solving it.
3. Happiness reduces stress. If we feel happy in the 8 hours that we spend at work, is
somehow we can hit the strings of positivity that will keep ys uplifted, it can remarkably
improve our responses to stress and redirect our focus to the positive aspects of the
work-life.
4. Happiness at work means a healthy life. If we allow the work stress and
disappointments to enter into our personal space, there is no way that we can get rid of
them. Successful professional who can optimize their work are less likely to suffer form
hypertension, cardiac arrests, substance abuse, and other stress-related disorders.
When we are happy from inside, we get that power to fight diseases and the will to
recover and get back on track.
5. Happiness at work increases likeability. We all like to stay around people who have a
positive attitude and look content with themselves. In a happy state of mind, people are
more innovative and inspired. They are willing to improve their existing skills and
contributes toward creating a fun and creative performance culture at work.

Labor problems as viewed in Philippine social realities reveal a chain of causes and effects that
are inextricably linked by economic, political and cultural factors. Only a comprehensive
analysis of these problems can equip workers with the tools for mastering them. Thus the need
to understand the structural, historical, and moral dimensions of workers problems.

What ate the common problems confronted by workers at their place of work in the
Philippines?

1. Low wages. In 1889, the Filipinos organized the first labor union to assert the rights of
workers to a just living wage. Today, after several years of struggle, social conditions
remained unchecked. The wage rate in the Philippines is way behind those in other
countries, in less developed countries it is four times more than our wage rate, we will
regret more if we compare it to USA or other European countries. It was not surprising
to learn from a survey conducted by the Union Bank of Switzerland placing the Filipino
workers wage second to the lowest in the world,

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

2. Poor working conditions forced to suffer under poor working conditions in exchange for
unemployment and eventual starvation, Filipino workers have long been deprived of the
right to life and duty to work.
3. Inadequate physical facilities and occupational safety measures exposure to hazardous
chemicals, unreasonable work schedule, unjust compensation, inadequate leave
benefits, limited or if not absence of opportunity for personal and professional growth,
and unstable employment status – these are but a few of the unjust working conditions
are oppressive practices inflicted on workers by employers who look down on workers
as mere material instrument of capital accumulation. Inhumane treatment directly
related to poor working conditions failure to implement wages and compensations as
prescribed by law, sexual harassment, absence of job security, illegal dismissal are part
if inhumane treatment directly related to poor working conditions.
4. Discrimination with respect to sex, sex preference, age, beliefs and race still exist in the
areas of hiring, promotion, and compensation.
5. Underemployment. It is unfortunate to note that the government is unable to tap the
ingenuity, craftsmanship , intellectual prowess, and industry of the Philippine Labor force
as vehicle of national development and economic recovery.

These are only a few of the problems in Philippine labor group and to be part of it, we should not
only be swayed by knowing the problem but rather, knowing the problem and understanding
there is always a solution to a problem, no matter how hard it seems to be. It is just a matter of
thinking positively. Good thing that there are also a lot of organizations who has formed
themselves to help in the solution of these labor problems, so just look at the bright perspective
of life and happiness at work will be attained.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,

copyright, 2015.
2. www.edusearch.com.nz
3. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:

1. What is environment? What are the different factors that affects our environment?
2. What is social responsibility?
3. What is the essence of being aware of our environment?
4. What is the effect of environmental distraction to our professional success?
5. What is the effect of environmental ethics to businesses?
6. What is the life-long effect of environmental ethics to our personality/
7. What is the effect of the environment to our workplace happiness?
8. What is the value of workplace happiness for a life-long profession?
9. What is the role of labor unions in the company?
10. What are the things that we should remember to enjoy our work?

Self-reflection:

What will be more satisfying a job which I choose because of money, or out of joy?

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 11: Proper Work Ethics

Introduction: It is easier to do a job when we know what is expected of us. Awareness of the
proper work ethics makes us more confident in facing the different challenges in the workplace
as we do the job. In this module we will understand what is generally expected of an office
worker or any work position in a workplace. Remember, Ethics is the discipline concerned with
what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. Therefore understand others and
blending with them will be much easier.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. Proper work ethics

2. Handling of work
3. How to enjoy work and not to focus on financial benefits alone

Course Material:

As we have been discussing in the past several parts of these module, the discipline and
concern for others is very important in workplaces. And to further maintain this very essential
element we should remember some of the common office policies to maintain orderliness.

Regarding attendance, in a workplace a lot of things needs to be done. Punctual and regular
attendance is an essential responsibility of each employee at any company. Employees are
expected to report to work as schedule, on time and prepared to start working. Employees are
also expected to remain at work for their entire work schedule. Late arrival, early departure or
other absences from scheduled hours are disruptive and must be avoided.

1. Absence is defined as the failure of an employee to report for work when he or she is
scheduled to work. The two types of absences are defined below:
 Excused absence occurs when all the following conditions are met:
- The employee provides to his or her supervisor sufficient notice at least 48
hours in advance of the absence.
- The absence request is approved in advance by the employee‘s supervisor.
- The employee has sufficient accrued paid time off (PTO) to cover the absence.
- Unexcused absence occurs when any of the above conditions are not met. If it
is necessary for an employee to be absent or late for work because of an illness
or an emergency, the employee must notify his or her supervisor no later than
the employee‘s scheduled starting time on that same day. If the employee is
unable to call, he or she must have someone make the call. And an unexcused
absence counts as one occurrence for the purposes of discipline under this
policy.
- Employees with three or more consecutive days of excused absences because
of illness or injury must give the company proof of physician‘s care and a fitness
for duty release prior to returning to work. Employees must take earned PTO for
every absence unless otherwise allowed by company policy (eg. Leave of
absence, bereavement, jury duty).

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

 Tardiness and early Departures. Employees are expected to report to work and
return from scheduled breaks on time. If employees cannot report to work as
scheduled, they must notify their supervisor no later than their regular starting
time. This notification does not excuse the tardiness but simply notifies the
supervisor that a schedule change may be necessary. Employees who must
leave work before the end of their scheduled shift must notify a supervisor
immediately. Tardiness and early departures are each on-half an occurrence for
the purpose of discipline.
 Disciplinary Action. Excessive absenteeism is defined as two or more
occurrence of unexcused absence in a 30-day period and will result in
disciplinary action. Eight occurrences of unexcused absence in a 12-month
period are considered grounds for termination.
 Job Abandonment. Any employee who fails to report to work for a period of three
days or more without notifying his or her supervisor will be considered to have
abandoned the job and voluntarily terminated the employment relationship.

2. Proper handling of the job. General precautions in any kind of job is important. Your
safety is your personal responsibility. Always follow the correct procedures. Never take
shortcuts. Take responsibility and clean up if you made a mess. Clean and organize
your workspace. Be alert and awake on the job. Be attentive at all times to your work
surroundings. When in doubt, contact your supervisor or manager for instruction,
guidance, or training. Never take risks when it comes to safety. Obey safety signs,
stickers, and tags. Take short breaks when you keep up a repetitive motion for a long
period of time, and sit, stand, or walk with good posture. Report serious injuries
immediately to a supervisor and get emergency assistance. Keep things in perspective.
Hazards may be limitless, so focus on the most likely risk first.

3. Acceptance of mistakes and shortcomings. Many may think that admitting you are
wrong or admitting defeat is a sign of weakness. Saying sorry or admitting defeat does
not make you weak, it makes you stronger. It takes a strong character to do it well.
Remember that admitting you‘re wrong makes you a more honourable person,

4. Awareness of the need of work focus. From the beginning of these module, we have
discussed the value of focus in achieving your goal and by concentrating on your goals
in life, your work focus will be stable.

5. Doing the job on schedule. Time management is the important. Learn to prioritize the
task assigned to you. Arrange the task according to its importance and deadline. And
do it immediately.

6. Awareness that others also experience personal problems as what we experience while
doing the work. Consideration to other is essential in achieving your goal. Remember
no man is an island and no man can stand alone so it is better that we should always be
considerate with the situation of others.

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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

7. How to separate personal and job related problems and the proper way of handling
problems. From the beginning of the module the need for the goal in life is always the
target in attaining a proper personal and professional growth, knowing ourselves and our
goal in life will make it easier for us to separate our personal and professional problems,
we should always remember that life has several obstacles but should not be carried
away by these obstacles which should continue on our journey as we realize our goal.
Just relax, think positively and let God help you in your struggles.

8. How to avoid boredom on routines. The office routines may become as time goes by but
should not be that way. Remember that these task are expected of you. So here are
some tips to help you in time of boredom. If your habit or pattern has become dull
overtime, there are dozens of things you can daily do to keep your life interesting, like
starting a passion project, most of us have passion for arts or music or crafts. Take an
art class, take a class or seminar you‘ve always been curious about, or read a book of
your interest, or other books that you find interest at the moment.

9. How to enjoy work without focus on financial benefits of the job. It is easy to enjoy
something that fits in your purpose in life. Your motivation becomes constantly high with
it.
 Find a career that you enjoy doing in a lifetime.
 Find a job that gives you time outside of work.
 A career that take charge of your personal and professional development.
 A career that take responsibility in creating a second home or team.
 Ask for feedback frequently, makes you love your craft more, because you will see your
growth.
 Make only commitments you can keep. It will lead you to work stress.
 Avoid negativity. Always focus yourself on what is the beauty of things, negativity will
diminish.
 Practice Professional Courage. Be goal oriented. Don‘t take things personal.
 Make friends. Enjoying your co-workers will blend everything together.
 If all else fail, job searching will make you smile. It will not be bitter for you.

10. Be yourself. Never create an identity away from reality. Remember every person was
created perfectly, we just need to nourish it. Because at the end of the story, the truth
will come out.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,

copyright, 2015.
2. www.edusearch.com.nz
3. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Activities:

1. What is the different between the work ethics and the professional ethics?
2. Why is it essential for us to be aware of the proper work ethics?
3. What are the factors that will affect our work ethically?
4. What is the importance of attendance?
5. What is the difference of tardiness to early departure?
6. What is the different kinds of absences?
7. What is the importance of work focus in doing your job?
8. What is the importance of accepting your mistakes and shortcomings?
9. What is job abandonment?
10. Why is there a need for disciplinary action with regards to attendance and tardiness?

Self- reflection:

How should I make myself ready for an office job? List down the preparations you need to
prepare for it.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 12: Professional Ethics

Introduction: Each profession has its own code of preofessional ethics necessary for effectve
collaborations and coordinations of each individual. In Office administration there is a similar
code of ethical standards expected of us.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module, the student should learn:

1. The current ethical standards

2. The importance of dignity and integrity in any profession
3. Life before and after retirement from the post

Course Material:

Professional Ethics encompasses the personal and corporate standards of behavior expected
by professionals. Each business has each own code of Ethics which they follow. Here is an
example of the Employees Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibilities in Athens State
University.
 Observe and follow all duly established local, state and federal laws;
 Respect the rights, opinions, privacy, and property of individuals, groups, the
University, and the neighboring community;
 Refrain from actions that deny other members of the University community their rights
as described or provided for in policies of the University;
 Refrain from engaging in conduct that materially and substantially disrupts another
person‘s protected expressive activity or infringes on the rights of others to engage in
or listen to a protected expressive activity;
 Be knowledgeable of and follow all published University policies;
 Report violations of University policies, including the Studemt Code of Conduct, the
Sexual Misconduct Policy and Procedures; and the Harassment and Discrimination
policy, to the appropriate office of administrator;
 Carry out one‘s responsibilities and duties and understand the need for accountability.
 Recognize that, as an employee of the University, one‘s primary focus should be on
achieving the University‘s mission and goals, and that secondary employment should
be limited, particularly if it interferes with one‘s primary responsibilities and duties or is
contrary to the best interests of the institution;
 Collaborate and assist other University employees acting within the scope of their
employment and duties as appropriate;
 Exhibit behavior that does not interfere with academics, professional development,
scholarly work and research, or any University services, operations or activities;
 Promote a collaborative culture, and participate and be proactive in consensus-building
problem solving within the institution‘s shared governance structure.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

 When disagreeing with a decision, do so in an open and constructive manner, and

understand that not all decisions will have full agreement;
 Be accountable for one‘s actions and the subsequent consequences;
 Adhere to all employee procedures, including but not limited to those for confict
resolution, providing accurate information to the University, and the completion of aby
disciplinary sanctions imposed for misconduct;
 When appropriate and following set policies and procedures, evaluate the professional
competence of colleagues by criteria reflective of professional qualifications,
performance, conduct, and contributions;
 Exhibit appropriate behavior both on and off campus when acting as a University
representative; and
 When speaking or acting as a private person, avoid creating the impression that one is
speaking or acting for a University area, sector, or college, or for the University as a
whole.

But in the absence of a code of professional ethics in your workplace. Here is the basic
five codes of Ethics for any profession.
 Integrity. It is the practice of being honest and showing a consistent and
uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values. In
ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one‘s
actions.
 Objectivity. In one sense, a particular ethical judgment is objective if and only if it
is correct, where this is an evaluation of the judgment itself, not of how it is
formed or sustained.
 Professional competence. Is the key distinguisher between simply having skills
and having a true sense of professionalism. It is the stage beyond technical
competence where ethical competence must be considered when extending
policies to support skill and competencies to training and education for
professional occupations.
 Confidentiality. Individuals shall protect the confidentiality of any professional or
personal information about persons served professionally or participants involved
in research and scholarly activities and may disclose confidential information only
when doing so is necessary to protect the welfare of the person or group.
 Professional behavior. These are principles that govern the behaviour of a
person or group in a business environment. Like values, professional ethics
provide rules on how a person should act towards other people and institutions in
such an environment.
In the Philippine Reclamation Authority Code of Ethics for personnels states that:
In the performance of their duties, all PRA (PEA) officials and employees are underobligation
to:
(a) Act promptly on letters and requests. All PRA officials and employees shall, within
fifteen (15) working days from receipts thereof, respond to letters or other
communications.
(b) Process documents and papers expeditiously;
(c) Act immediately on the public‘s personal transactions.

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 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Before the Code of Ethics of most businesses in the Philippines depends on the organizational
culture of each organization, some of the business still follows that procedure.

As a whole, ethics can be observed and be a human habit if we are aware of the two values that
we should always possess, one is Dignity, as a refresher, dignity is the right of a person to be
valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. Therefore, it is everyone‘s
desire to be respected and it should start from us. Integrity is the practice of being honest and
showing a consistent and uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and
values. In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one‘s
actions. With this it is thereby it is always a part of the any profession.

Remember, the cycle as sure as we are born on earth, we will also die. And same this at the
end of our employments‘ journey will come the retirement time.

Retirement refers to the time of life when one chooses to permanently leave the workforce
behind. The traditional retirement age is 65 years old here in the Philipines and so with other
countries. This is sometimes causes fear to some people who is not aware that there is life
after retirement.

What can I do after retirement?

The important thing to remember is that it‘s common for people, within the first few days and
weeks of retirement, to feel lost. When you‘ve been working for decades and then suddenly
stop that routine, it‘s jarring. But the great thing about retirement is you can finally do all those
things you‘ve wanted to do that you didn‘t have time for previously. Here are some of our ideas
for what to do when you first retired:

 Move somewhere new. Have you ever wanted to live in the country? Or the big city?
Perhaps you stayed in a certain area because of your job but now that those constraints
are gone, you can move wherever you like! Now is the time to decide where you would
like to spend your retirement.
 Travel the world. One of the top things people hope to do when they retire is travel the
world. Odds are, there is probably somewhere that you‘ve always wanted to visit. Well,
now is the time to do it!
 Get a rewarding part-time job. If you miss the routine of working, you can always get a
fun part-time job. Perhaps you could do something like be a greeter at a store or work at
a museum.
 Give yourself time to adjust to a fixed income. Another big adjustment to retirement is
living on a fixed income. It‘s important that you give yourself time to this and figure out
how to best live within these means.
 Exercise more. Everyone wishes they could exercise more often. And now you have
the time to do it. You can either find classes or try doing your own workout program at
home. Either way getting into an exercise routine early in your retirement is highly
recommended.

74 | OFAD 30063 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Read:

1. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,

copyright, 2015.
2. www.edusearch.com.nz
3. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

Activities:

1. What is professional ethics?

2. What is are the standard ethical values in any profession?
3. What is retirement?
4. What can make you enjoy retirement?
5. What is the important of early realization of retirement?
6. What is the value of professional ethics to a fullfilling profession?
7. What are the concerns of professional ethics?
8. What is professional behavior?
9. What is integrity?
10. What is dignity?

Self reflection:

How do I want to be remembered by others who know me?

75 | OFAD 30063 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Module 13: Personal Blueprint as a Goal setting for a lifetime

Introduction: As a child we were taught how to write diary. Now, I want you to make a
personal blueprint that will guide you in reaching your goal. It will always be a reminder of your
purpose in everything that you do and make you more focus iin your chosen field of endevour.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of these module:

1. Reflection of what you want in the future.

2. Create a personal blueprint
3. Create plan on how to reach your lifetime goal.

Course Material:

At these point we will make a lifetime plan that will guide you in your goal in life. There are
many factors that surrounds you, which will influence your goal in life.

The complete life plan can be divided into five separate sections: These includes:

1. Dream List – A list of all your dreams (no limitations). List all your dreams from education,
relationships, career, as well as your golden years in life.

76 | OFAD 30063 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

2. Goal List- Identify the ultimate goal you want to attain. Ex. To be a Pediatrician. Because
you want to serve the small children. And assure their good health.

3. Values List – List your priorities in life. In sequence of your preferences. Example:
Family, relationship, profession, emotions. Use your own judgment.

4. Action Plan – A list of the steps that you must be completed to attain each goal.
You need to create at least one action plan for each goal on your goal list.

To be a pediatrician. But your parents cannot afford it. To achieve these goal what do you plan
to do. Example:

I will finish my Office management course first, then find a job. Save my salary for tuition fee
and then look for a school that will offer the course in a low tuition fee based. Look for
organizations who will support me for scholarship assistance. Aside from the organization I will
do extra job to earn money to support my ambition.

5. Daily activities List – A propriotized list of all the individual activities, both business and
personal, that you need to accomplish during the calendar month. The priorities determine
those activities you need to accomplish during the calendar month. The priorities determine
those activities you need to accomplish during the current period.

So let us go back to your goal. To be a pediatrician. Since you are not still in the track of
medicine what should you do. Daily you should train yourself to be read more and then you
should see to it that you do your school activity on schedule. And use your extra time for more
productive activities to be attuned with your goal.

Then your create a personal mission and vision in life. Remember if your goal is not the same
as your mission and vision in life, it is not fulfilling. And at the end of it you will not enjoy your
life. There wlll be regrets and frustrations.

Creation of personal of a profession plan for the next three years of employment. At these point
you should set a goal for the next three years of your employment after your graduation.
Imagine yourself, on what it will be after your graduation. Through these you will enjoy life
better and surely you will achieve your goal.

Read:

1. Aguinaldo, Castaneda, Castro, Clemente, Dacanay, Soriano, Uy; Enriching Personality,

copyright, 2015.
2. www.edusearch.com.nz
3. Enriching your personality, www.personalitypage.com.

77 | OFAD 30063 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Management Technology Department

Activities:

1. What is your dream?

2. Is it impossible to make a dream come true?
3. What are your goals in life? At times, we have several goals that deals with our
different roles in life/ We want our family to be financial stable before we make
our own family. Assess yourself now and make a list.
4. What are your values in life?
5. What do you think are the most important things that will give you your lifetime
happiness? Then assess is it worth? Will every member of your family be happy
with what you believe is important to you?
6. Why is it important to always consider how will you feel after?
7. How can your actions affect your future? Explain your answer.
8. What is the connection of your values to your success?
9. How do you see yourself 5 years from now?
10. How about 10 years from now? Who could you by that time?

Create your own Personal Blueprint in a Scrap book form.

Put the date at the header to remind you on the date you made that plan. Try to check it
out from time to time to check if you are still on the track. Good Luck, enjoy your
journey!

78 | OFAD 30063 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION