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Total Dissolved Solids Meters To Test Water Quality by Using Electrical Conductivity

This document discusses measuring total dissolved solids (TDS) in water samples using a TDS meter and electrical conductivity meter. It provides instructions on calibrating the conductivity meter using a potassium chloride solution and measuring TDS levels. TDS is an indicator of water quality and includes inorganic salts and minerals that are dissolved in water. High TDS concentrations can impact the usability and biological life of water systems. The experiment aims to determine TDS levels and conductivity of given water samples to assess water quality.

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hayder alali
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592 views

Total Dissolved Solids Meters To Test Water Quality by Using Electrical Conductivity

This document discusses measuring total dissolved solids (TDS) in water samples using a TDS meter and electrical conductivity meter. It provides instructions on calibrating the conductivity meter using a potassium chloride solution and measuring TDS levels. TDS is an indicator of water quality and includes inorganic salts and minerals that are dissolved in water. High TDS concentrations can impact the usability and biological life of water systems. The experiment aims to determine TDS levels and conductivity of given water samples to assess water quality.

Uploaded by

hayder alali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial Pollution Control

Duhok Polytechnic University


Technical College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
3rd Stage
2022-2023

Lecturer's Name: Experiment No. (3)

Mr. Kawar Abid Group (A)

Title of Experiment:

Total Dissolved Solids Meters to Test Water Quality by Using Electrical


Conductivity

Student Name:

Hayder Hassan Hussain

Date Expt. Performed:

13/10/2022

Date Report Submitted:

19/10/2022
Total Dissolved Solids (often abbreviated TDS) is a measure of the combined content
of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in: molecular, ionized or micro-
granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. Generally, the operational definition is that the
solids must be small enough to survive filtration through a sieve the size of two micrometer.
Total dissolved solids are normally discussed only for freshwater systems, as salinity
comprises some of the ions constituting the definition of TDS. The principal application of
TDS is in the study of water quality for streams, rivers and lakes, although TDS is not
generally considered a primary pollutant (e.g., it is not deemed to be associated with health
effects) it is used as an indication of aesthetic characteristics of drinking water and as an
aggregate indicator of the presence of a broad array of chemical contaminants. Primary
sources for TDS in receiving waters are agricultural and residential runoff, leaching of soil
contamination and point source water pollution discharge from industrial or sewage
treatment plants. The most common chemical constituents are calcium, phosphates, nitrates,
sodium, potassium and chloride, which are found in nutrient runoff, general stormwater
runoff and runoff from snowy climates where road de-icing salts are applied. The chemicals
may be cations, anions, molecules or agglomerations on the order of one thousand or fewer
molecules, so long as a soluble micro-granule is formed. More exotic and harmful elements
of TDS are pesticides arising from surface runoff.
Certain naturally occurring total dissolved solids arise
from the weathering and dissolution of rocks and soils.
The United States has established a secondary water
quality standard of 500 mg/l to provide for palatability
of drinking water.

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To determine the conductivity of given water sample.
To determine the total solids (total dissolved and total suspended total fixed solids and
total volatile solids.

A measure of the amount of material dissolved in water (mostly inorganic salts).


Typically aggregates of carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, etc.
of calcium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium, and other cations which form salts.
The inorganic salts are measured by filtering a water sample to remove any suspended
particulate material, evaporating the water, and weighing the solids that remain. An important
use of the measure involves the examination of the quality of drinking water. Water that has a
high content of inorganic material frequently has taste problems and/or water hardness
problems. As an example, water that contains an excessive amount of dissolved salt (sodium
chloride) is not suitable for drinking. High TDS solutions have the capability of changing the
chemical nature of water. High TDS concentrations exert varying degrees of osmotic pressures
and often become lethal to the biological inhabitants of an aquatic environment. The common
and synonymously used term for TDS is “salt”. Usually expressed in milligrams per liter. Also
see Hard Water and Salinity.
Calibration of Conductivity Meter:
Take 0.1N Potassium Chloride in a beaker.
Switch on the magnetic stirrer and place the
beaker on the stirrer. Insert the magnetic bead in
the beaker. Place the electrode inside the solution.
Select the calibration button and using up and
down key adjust the conductivity of the 0.1N
potassium chloride solution to 1413 milli siemens
/ cm at 30o c. Now the meter is ready for the measurement of samples.

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APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. TDS Meter.
2. Electrical conductivity meter.
3. Beaker.
4. Samples.
5. Stirrer magnetic.

CHEMICALS REQUIRED

1. Calibration solution 1413.


2. Calibration solution 12880.

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1- Switch on the conductivity meter for at least 30 minutes before starting the experiment
so that the instrument gets stabilizes.
2- As it involves instruments for analyzing do not forget to calibrate the instrument.
3- Always prepare the calibration solution freshly before the start of the experiment.
4- Set the electrical conductivity (EC) meter to a standard solution.
5- Wait up to a minute for a stable reading after submerging the electrodes in the water
sample (whose conductivity has to be evaluated).
6- After the specified value stabilizes, the reading is taken.

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1- What is a TDS Meter?

Ironically, a TDS meter does not initially measure TDS, which is where much of the
confusion arises. TDS meters, also known as TDS testers or indicators, are digital or
analog meters that measure the electrical conductivity of water. Based on that
conductivity, the meters estimate what the true TDS level might be.

2- What Else Does Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Affect?

Besides drinking water, TDS affects anything that consumes, lives in or uses water.
For example, high levels of TDS will result in excessive scaling in pipes. On the
other hand, low levels of TDS may be unhealthy for plants and fish.

3- How Is Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Measured?

TDS is measured on a quantity scale, either in mg/L or, more commonly, in parts per
million (ppm). Simply put, if the TDS level is 335 ppm, this means that out of one-
million parts of H2O, 335 of those parts are something else.

Relation between TDS and


concentration
187.04
166

0 0 7.47 4.59 8.03 4.92


distililate water Tap water Ion salin - Ion salin +
TDS 0 187.04 7.47 8.03
Consetration 0 166 4.59 4.92

TDS Consetration

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To determine the quality of a specific body of water, the assessment of solids is a regular
but essential technique. Solids influence several other parameters, including the color,
turbidity, and organoleptic aspects of the water.

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