Caustic
Caustic
OF
At
Plot no. 129,
Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan)
PROJECT PROPONENT
M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemicals
(A unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd.)
R/o: Plot no. 129,
Matsya Industrial Area (MIA),
Alwar (Rajasthan)-301030
Contact Person: Mr. Keshav Kant Mittal
Contact No.: 9810002274
Email: [email protected]
INDEX
S. NO. PARTICULARS
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.0 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/ BACKGROUND INFORMATION
i Identification of Project Proponent and Project
ii Brief Description of the Nature of Project
iii Need for the Project & Its Importance to the Country/ Region
iv Demand – Supply Gap
v Imports vs. Indigenous Production
vi Export Possibility
vii Domestic/Export Markets
viii Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) due to the Project
3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
i Type of Project Including Interlinked And Independent Projects, If Any
Location (map showing general location, specific location, and project boundary &
ii
project site layout) with coordinates
iii Details of alternative site considered
iv Size and magnitude of operation
v Project Description with Process Detail
Raw material required along with estimated quantity, likely sources, marketing area of
vi
final product/s, Mode of transport of raw material and finished product
Resource optimization/recycling and reuse envisaged in the project, if any, should be
vii
briefly outlined
viii Availability of water its sources, Energy/Power requirement and source should be given
Quantity of wastes to be generated (liquid and solid) and scheme for their
IX
Management/disposal
Schematic representation of the feasibility drawing which give information of EIA
X
purpose
4.0 SITE ANALYSIS
5.0 PLANNING BRIEF
6.0 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE
7.0 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R & R) PLAN
8.0 PROJECT SCHEDULE & COST ESTIMATES
9.0 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL
10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Proposed Plant for Production of Caustic Soda (150 TPD) with Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (40 TPD), Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD) & 18% Poly
Aluminium Chloride (100 TPD)
At Plot no. 129, Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan)
PRE- FEASIBILITY REPORT
PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT
1.0 Executive Summary
Introduction
M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemical is a unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd. It is involved
in Manufacture of basic chemicals.
The company is now planning to set up a proposed plant for production of Caustic Soda (150
TPD) with Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (40 TPD), Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD) & 18% Poly
Aluminium Chloride (100 TPD) at Plot no. 129, Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan).
As per EIA Notification dated 14th Sept., 2006, as amended from time to time; the project falls
under Category “B”, Project or Activity ‘4 (d)’ & ‘5(f)’.
Table - 1
Salient Features of the Project
S. No. PARTICULARS DETAILS
A. Nature of the Project Proposed Project
PRODUCT DETAILS
o Caustic Soda (150 TPD)
o Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (40 TPD)
o Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD)
o 18% Poly Aluminium Chloride (100 TPD)
B. Size of the Project BY PRODUCT DETAILS
o Liquid Chlorine (120 TPD)
o Hydrogen (3.75 TPD)
o 32% Hydrochloric Acid (16 TPD)
o Sodium Hypo Chlorite-120 gpl (20 TPD)
o 78% Sulphuric acid (2.76 TPD)
C. Location Details
1. Villages Plot No. 129, Matsya Industrial Area (MIA)
2. Tehsil Alwar
3. District Alwar
4. State Rajasthan
D. Geographical Extent of the Plant Site
The demand for products intended to be manufactured is increasing in the country and
in global market also. By setting up this unit of M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemicals
(A unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd.), shall be able to meet the demand of various
products locally and globally. This will also generate direct and indirect employment
opportunity for various levels of people including local area employment.
Proposed plant for production of Caustic Soda (150 TPD) with Chlorinated Paraffin Wax
(40 TPD), Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD) & 18% Poly Aluminium Chloride (100 TPD) at
Plot no. 129, Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan).
As per EIA Notification dated 14th Sept., 2006 & as amended from time to time; this
project falls under category ‘B, Activity - 4 (d)’ & ‘5(f)’.-Located within notified industrial
area/estate.
(iii) Need for the project and its importance to the country and or region
The unit will engaged with development, manufacturing & marketing of Caustic soda
with Chlorinated Paraffin Wax, Chlorinated Polyethylene & 18% Poly Aluminium Chloride.
Caustic Soda plant is done for getting a competitive edge in the market and to make the
manufacturing more economically feasible and also to conserve the resources through
various reuse/recycle opportunities created within the plant.
The Chlor-Alkali Industry in the country produces mainly Caustic Soda. The growth of
Caustic Soda is very important for the Nation and if competitiveness of this Industry is
maintained, it can certainly grow at a much faster rate.
Caustic Soda has its applications in various segments and the demand is on an
increasing trend:
Aluminium Smelting
Plastic Polymers
Pharmaceuticals
Electroplating
Adhesives/Additives.
PVC industry
Other misc. industry including rubber, sealant, paint industry & textile industry
The products which will be manufactured will be as per customer’s specifications. This
will have acceptability in the domestic markets. The product also has an export
potential. The export market can also be explored in future. The Company has been
selling its products to many institutes, Government organizations, thermal power
stations and state governments of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab from India and
final product is being transported by road.
A lot of caustic soda in the form of Flakes is being exported right now, so there is
always the possibility of carrying out Caustic Soda exports.
The products will be manufactured as per customer’s specifications. This will have
acceptability in the domestic markets. The product also has an export potential. The
export market can also be explored in future.
The company will be employed approx 189 workers and staff directly and indirectly in
manufacturing units. Business approach is directed towards better interactions with the
labour and development of human resources.
(ii) Location (map showing general location, specific location, and project boundary &
project site layout) with coordinates
Figure 3: Google Image Showing the 500 mtr. Area surrounding project site
iii) Details of alternative sites consideration and basis of selecting the proposed site, particularly
the environmental considerations gone into should be highlighted.
Site has been taken into consideration as the proposed site has been acquired by the company
keeping in mind following mentioned factors:
Site is well connected through air, water and roadways. There is no any wildlife sanctuary and
national parks within 10 km radius from the proposed site. All basic and infrastructure facilities are
available. Manpower is also easily available from the nearby area. Proximity to the agriculture field
surrounding the area & availability of ground water Location in rural area ensures adequate
availability of manpower at marginally lower rates, compared to other area. Good road
connectivity which makes easy transport of raw material and products.
This is a proposal for environmental clearance for proposed plant for production of Caustic Soda
(150 TPD) with Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (40 TPD), Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD) & 18% Poly
Aluminium Chloride (100 TPD) at Plot no. 129, Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan) by
M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemicals (A unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd.).
The process includes basic raw material requirement, sizing of equipment, utilities & services,
infrastructure facilities & sources of waste generation, their quantity, treatment & safe disposal of
the waste.
(v) Project Description with Process Details (a schematic diagram/ flow chart showing the project
layout, components of the project etc. should be given)
M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemicals (A unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd.). has planning for
proposed plant for production of Caustic Soda (150 TPD) with Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (40 TPD),
Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD) & 18% Poly Aluminium Chloride (100 TPD) at Plot no. 129, Matsya
Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan)
The brine saturation system consists of two brine saturation pits. One of the saturation pits is
operated while the other pit remains in standby mode. The saturation pit is filled with salt from
the salt storage. The de-chlorinated lean brine pumps containing 210-220 gpl NaCl is fed to the
saturation pit through distribution pipes submerged under the salt bed. Lean brine passes from
bottom to top of the salt bed. In this process the lean brine gets saturated. The saturated brine
over flows through overflow weir into the saturator pumping pit.
The saturated raw brine is pumped from saturator pumping pit by saturated brine pump to the
precipitation tank where the brine is mixed with BaCO3 solution and Na2CO3solution. Na2CO3 is
used to precipitate calcium ions from the salt. CaCO3 is formed. BaCO3 is used to precipitate
Sulphate ions from the salt. BaSO4 is formed. A 10% Na2CO3 / BaCO3 solution is prepared for this
purpose in the chemical preparation tank from where it is fed to chemical tank and is pumped by
chemical pumps.
From the first precipitation tank the brine overflows to the second precipitation tank where NaOH
solution is added to the brine. The magnesium ions in the brine complex with OH ions and form
magnesium hydroxide which precipitates out.
The contents in the chemical tank, chemical preparation tank and precipitation tanks are kept in
suspension using agitators in the respective tanks.
The chemical pre-treated brine overflows from the second precipitation tank to the intermediate
brine tank of CBS System
From Intermediate Tank, the brine is fed by Membrane feeding pump, pre-filtrated by Crude Brine
Filter, then delivered to the Circulation Tank and transferred by Circulation Pump, then passes
through 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage of ceramic membrane filter. As certain ratio, a small part of
concentrated brine is discharged to Sludge Pit, the rest goes back to Circulation Tank and mixed
with crude brine to adjust the solid liquid ration of feeding stock to control the solid content of
concentrated brine and to ensure the flow speed of membrane. Then the flow is back to Ceramic
Membrane Filter for circulation filtering. The permeate brine of all three stages is mixed together
and added with Na2SO3 to remove free chlorine, then the purified brine is conveyed by Primary
Brine Pump to secondary brine purification system.
After long time operation, the flux of Ceramic Membrane Filter will decrease due to surface
contamination, and then it has to be regenerated by physical back flushing and chemical washing,
to recover flux and filtering function. Physical back flushing uses the primary purified brine in back
flush tank, to flush the membrane from back-wise under compressed air in short time, so to
remove contamination. Chemical washing uses 10~15% HCl to wash membrane surface, the after-
washing acid is back to Acid Washing Tank.
In order to warrant trouble-free operation of the membrane cells and a long service life of the
membranes, the cells must be supplied with extremely pure brine. The calcium and magnesium
content in the brine is not allowed to exceed 20 ppb as the deposition of these ions in the
membrane affects its function and leads to an increased power consumption.
The two ion exchanger columns used for the secondary brine purification are connected in series
in a “lead/lag” arrangement. Each column is designed for full capacity. The second column serves
as a back-up column, which takes over the main operating column, when the other column is
regenerated. The regenerated column then becomes the back-up column.
The ion exchanger columns are filled with a cation exchange resin. The regeneration of the resin is
carried out at regular intervals. The resin is regenerated with diluted hydrochloric acid and
afterwards conditioned with caustic soda.
From the ion exchanger the brine flows to the pure brine head tank via the brine heat exchanger –
II. The brine temperature is adjusted to what is needed for the electrolysis.
From the pure brine head tank the brine flows to the electrolysis cells.
The three ion exchangers are connected in series during normal operation working on merry go
round principal.
According to these operation modes, a multiple number of valves have to be operated in the
correct sequence to properly operate the columns. To ensure an easy and correct operation of
these valves, a sequence control is provided in the DCS allowing two different operation modes:
• Automatic Operation
• Manual Operation
From the ion exchanger the brine flows to the pure brine head tank via the brine heat exchanger-
II. The brine temperature is adjusted to what is needed for the electrolysis.
From the pure brine head tank the brine flows to the electrolysis cells.
E. Regeneration
The resin is regenerated at regular intervals; usually once every 1-2 days depending on the Ca++,
Mg++ level, in the polished brine (> 5 ppm before ion exchangers) for approx. 5-6 hours. Then, the
resin is regenerated with diluted hydrochloric acid and afterwards conditioned with caustic soda
solution.
The two chemical tanks (32% caustic soda, delivered from the NaOH head tank and 33% HCl,
delivered from HCl transfer pump have to be filled. Demineralised water as motive fluid sucks
through the mixing jets either of the two chemicals from their tanks and also dilutes HCl and
NaOH to be concentration of approx. 7% appropriate for the regeneration and 4% for the
conditioning of the ion exchange resin respectively. The regeneration procedure is also fully
controlled by the sequence control installed in the DCS.
F. Anolyte Dechlorination
The anolyte (depleted brine) is pumped up to the De-chlorination Tower by Depleted Brine Pump,
where the pressure is kept vacuum by Steam Ejector. Before the De-chlorination tower, the
depleted brine is adjusted around PH=1.5 to change the chlorine formation, from HOCl to Cl2. The
dissolved chlorine is stripped together with water vapor in the vacuum condition. It is cooled in
De-chlorination Tower Cooler (E-281). The water vapor is condensed in this heat exchanger and
the non-condensed chlorine gas is sucked by Steam Ejector and recovered into the Chlorine Gas
Header.
After de-chlorination tower, a small amount of free chlorine is still remained. Free chlorine cause a
damage of the filter elements in the Brine Filters and a deterioration of ion exchange resin. To kill
the chlorine completely, Sodium sulfite is added.
Then, the brine is sent to Primary Brine Purification section via the Return Brine Tank.
G. Electrolysis
Cell Room Design
The cell room is designed to produce 150 MTPD NaOH 100% using 3 nos. of electrolyzers, each
consisting of 93 bipolar cell elements. Each electrolyser is consisting of a filter press designed to
hold the required number of elements.
The bipolar cells are capable of very fast load changes, which are only limited by maintaining a
stable chlorine and hydrogen pressure. Thus, load changes from 100 to 35% or vice versa can be
easily performed within few hours.
Functional Description
The cells are supplied with pure brine from the pure brine head tank and with catholyte from the
catholyte head tank.
The feed rates of electrolytes to the cells are manually set on flow meters. Since the feed lines to
and the discharge lines from the cells are at different electric potentials stray currents are
prevented by liquid current resistors (PTFE-hoses) foreseen in the feed and product lines.
Pure brine (approx. 310 g/l NaCl) enters the anode compartments where chlorine is generated at
the titanium anodes. Anode and cathode compartments are isolated by a membrane, which is
hydraulically impermeable. It only allows individual diffusion of Na+- ions and a certain quantity of
water into the cathode chamber (about 3-4 Moles H2O/ Faraday). A two phase mixture of chlorine
and anolyte is discharged via the installed overflow pipe into the anolyte header where chlorine
gas is separated from the anolyte. The brine leaving the cells is depleted to approximately 220 g
NaCl/l.
Hydrogen and OH ions are generated at the cathodes. This electrochemical reaction and the
dilution of the circulating catholyte stream requires water which is partly supplied by the above
mentioned H2O transport phenomenon through the membrane and partly added as
demineralised water. The two phase mixture comprising 32% caustic and hydrogen flows from the
catholyte compartment via the over flow pipe into the catholyte header where the hydrogen gas
is separated from the catholyte.
Due to secondary electrochemical reactions and OH diffusion through the membrane, the current
efficiency on both anode and cathode decreases to approx. 96% of the theoretical value. These
reactions mainly form chlorate and oxygen.
The catholyte flows to the catholyte tank via the hydrogen separator. From the catholyte tank a
part of the catholyte stream is pumped to the caustic evaporation unit. The remaining catholyte is
passed through the catholyte heat exchanger.
M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemical
(A unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd.) (11)
Proposed Plant for Production of Caustic Soda (150 TPD) with Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (40 TPD), Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD) & 18% Poly
Aluminium Chloride (100 TPD)
At Plot no. 129, Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan)
PRE- FEASIBILITY REPORT
The second catholyte heat exchanger is used for heat –up or cool down of a single electrolyzer. In
standard operation mode this heat exchanger adjusts the temperature of the catholyte to the
same value as the first heat exchanger.
Leaving the heat exchanger, the catholyte stream is again split. One of the stream flow back to
the catholyte head tank while the other is sent to the various internal plant consumers.
H. Chlorine System
Chlorine Treatment
The hot, water-saturated chlorine gas leaving the cell unit is cooled and filtered prior to drying,
compression and liquefaction.
The chlorine flows through the chlorine coolers I and II in which the chlorine is cooled down. The
condensate separated in the heat exchangers flows to the anolyte header.
The chlorine cell pressure is automatically controlled. If the cell pressure increases excessively, the
chlorine gas is vented to the waste gas Dechlorination unit. At further increasing pressure, it is
vented via safety valves on the individual cell headers to the same waste gas Dechlorination unit.
Moreover, an under pressure safety vessel limits vacuum in the cells.
The cooled chlorine gas then passes through the wet chlorine filter to remove brine droplets and
NaCl aerosols. After leaving the wet chlorine filter, the chlorine stream flows to the drying tower.
Using Sulphuric acid as the drying agent chlorine gas is dried in a single drying tower. This drying
tower consists of a packed section, tunnel trays in the upper part of the tower and a droplet
separator on the vapour outlet.
98% H2SO4 is pumped from 98% H2SO4 storage tank by metering pump to the top of the drying
tower.
The acid used in the packed section is continuously circulated through the tower packing. The
heat of dilution released during the drying process is removed by cooler. 78% H2SO4 formed in the
process is collected in the 78% H2SO4 storage tank. 78% H2SO4 from storage tank is loaded into
tankers and sold to nearby Single super phosphate.
98% H2SO4 is unloaded from road tankers via unloading and transfer pump to the 98% H2SO4
storage tank.
Chlorine Compression
The dry chlorine from the drying tower enters Sulphuric acid ring compressors. Here the chlorine
gas stream is compressed to 4 bar a. The compressed chlorine gas stream is filtered by the dry
chlorine filter in order to separate Sulphuric acid aerosols. The Sulphuric acid from the filter flows
back to the compressor suction. 98% H2SO4 is fed to the compressor as ring liquid. The diluted
acid is sent to the H2SO4 - 78% tank. The compressed chlorine gas stream is transferred to
liquefaction unit.
Chlorine Liquefaction
The dry chlorine from the chlorine compression unit enters the liquefaction unit. The liquefaction
is carried out in a shell and tube heat exchanger. From the heat exchanger the liquid chlorine
flows to the liquid chlorine storage. The tail gas leaving the liquefier is sent to the HCl synthesis
unit.
The liquid chlorine is transferred from the liquefier to the liquid chlorine storage tanks. From liquid
storage tanks, liquid chlorine tonners will be filled.
Waste gas is Dechlorinated in two stages by absorbing the chlorine in a caustic soda solution. The
absorption leads to the formation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The first stage consist of
absorbers with tower sumps whereas the second stage consists of a final absorber.
The 1st stage absorber withdraws the chlorine under vacuum. The chlorine is mixed with a caustic
soda solution to form sodium hypochlorite. Most of the chlorine gas is absorbed in the first stage
absorber while the final absorber complete the Dechlorination.
Fresh caustic solution from the NaOH head tank is fed to the final absorber. Here, it flows counter-
current to the gas stream into the second stage tower sump.
The circulation of bleaching lye through 1st stage absorber is done from their respective tower
sumps by the circulation pumps. Similarly, the circulation of bleaching lye through Final Absorber
is done by the Circulation Pumps. The heat of absorption is removed by cooling the circulation
bleaching lye of the first stage absorber in cooler.
In case the temperature of the circulating bleaching lye exceeds a certain value or the redox value
rises, fresh caustic is added to the first stage or the final absorber.
The bleaching lye overflows from the tower sump to the bleach lye day tank. The available
chlorine content of the bleaching lye is increased to 140 gpl by means of Bleaching lye ejector and
the heat of absorption is reduced in the cooler.
A part stream from the Bleach lye day tank is pumped by the bleaching lye transfer pumps to the
storage tank.
The unit is also designed for higher load during start up and emergency operation. In the latter
case, it is able to absorb the full cell room production rate for a maximum of 10 min. by feeding
caustic to the system. During start up, it is capable to continuously absorb the total Cl2 production
at 0.8 kA/m2 current density loads.
All chlorine bearing waste gases are connected to the de-chlorination system. The system is less
sensitive to mechanical troubles.
In case of a pump trip in either of the two stages, the common standby pump is started.
The waste gas De-chlorination system is also connected to the emergency power system. This
ensures a safe operation and shut down of the plant even during a complete power failure.
K. Caustic Evaporation
The inlet to the caustic evaporation unit is 32% caustic coming from Catholyte pumps. The caustic
evaporation unit is designed for 100 MTPD NaOH. The caustic soda is concentrated from 32% to
48%. The 48% caustic coming from evaporation unit is stored in 48% Caustic Storage tank.
L. Caustic Flaking
Through flow stabilization by control valve and flow meter, the 32% lye is fed to Evaporator II by
Alkali Pump, where the lye is concentrated up to 47%, and then the lye pressure is added by Alkali
Pump II. One part of the lye is sent back to the inlet of the Evaporator II whose flow is controlled
by the control valve; another part of the lye is sent to Condenser Water Heat Exchanger to
exchange the heat; the flow is also controlled by a control valve. After the temperature is high
enough, the lye is sent to Evaporator I to make the concentration raise to 57%.
Via the Alkali Pump I, one part of the 57% lye is forwarded back to the inlet of the Evaporator I and
controlled by the control valve; while another part is delivered through control valve to adjust the
flow rate, after the adjustment, the 57% lye is sent to 4 falling film tubes evenly. During the falling
process, the lye is pulled by the high speed steam into uniform liquid film and heat exchanged
with the high temperature molten salt outside the tubes, after dehydration, the lye is turn to the
molten alkali with the concentration of 98%.
The 98% molten alkali with high temperature enters into the Liquid Seal Tank and then Flake
Machine by gravity. The molten alkali is cooled by the drum and turns into flake alkali, then the
flake alkali is scraped by the blade and falls into the hopper. By the Semi-Automatic Bagging
Machine, the flake alkali is weighted and packed.
The dust generated from the Semi-Automatic Bagging Machine will be absorbed into the Cleaning
Tank by the negative pressure provided by Blower. After cleaning, the clean air is exhausted to
the atmosphere while the water with alkali is discharged into the Dilute Alkali Tank.
The unqualified alkali lye (generated when the system is in abnormal condition), the water from
the Cleaning Tank, and the water with alkali collected around the Semi-Automatic Bagging
Machine are discharged into the underground Dilute Alkali Tank, if necessary, the water will be
sent to ETP for treatment by Dilute Alkali Pump.
The 48% caustic coming from the caustic evaporation unit is stored in the caustic storage tanks.
From the storage tank the 50% caustic is filled in road tankers by NaOH -50% filling pumps.
N. Hydrogen Treatment
The hydrogen leaving the electrolysis cells is cooled in the hydrogen cooler against cooling water.
The hydrogen gas is then passed through a hydrogen filter. The hydrogen filter removes the mist
and caustic aerosols from the hydrogen gas stream.
After passing
ng through the hydrogen filter, a part of the hydrogen stream is sent to the HCl
synthesis unit. Rest is sent to the existing Hydrogen gas holder. From where it is compressed and
loaded in battery banks containing number of hydrogen cylinders.
If the cell pressure excessively increases, the hydrogen is discharged to atmosphere via the stack
and a flame arrestor, and at further increasing pressure via safety valves on the individual cell
headers at the same stack.
The hydrochloric acid synthesis unit consists of furnace, an integrated falling film absorber, and a
scrubber column. Furthermore the unit is equipped with flame arrestors. Moist chlorine
chlo from the
moist chlorine filter and hydrogen are fed to the furnace for producing HCl. In case of an
emergency, the feed lines are interrupted by an automatic safety device and purged with
nitrogen.
The hydrochloric acid is then pumped to the HCl storage tank or transferred to the internal
consumers in the plant. From the storage tanks, HCl is filled in Road tankers by the pump.
Paraffin received in road tankers is unloaded by HNP unloading pumps and stored in HNP storage tanks.
HNP is filtered through cartridge filters while storing in the tanks.
Raw Paraffin is fed to reactors through heat exchangers so as to raise the temperature of paraffin
before feeding to reactors. Three reactors can be fed at a time. Charging time for paraffin per reactor
shall be app. 45 minutes.
Hot Paraffin is passed through Filter for eliminating any suspended impurities. Metallic impurities
(suspended particles) are specially avoided as they impart a strong color to the product during
chlorination.
Paraffin is charged to Glass lined reactors through flow transmitter and integrator. An on-off valve is
installed in the line, which shall automatically cut off the supply, once integrator reads the required
reading.
Chlorination
Before starting chlorine supply to reactors, absorption water flow to the HCl scrubber is started.
Chlorination is started with the chlorine supplied from the main plant at 3.0 Kgs/cm2 g pressure at
atmospheric temperature. Flow of chlorine is continuously measured by flow transmitter installed in the
line. Initially the chlorine bubbling from the sparger remains suspended in the paraffin without any
actual reaction taking place until saturation occurs. This is characterized by a slight drop in the reactor
temperature. After the saturation point is reached, reaction takes place with a rapid rise of temperature.
To maintain the temperature of the mass in the reactor, cooling water is circulated in the jacket of the
reactor. Cooling water is also circulated through a pipe type cooler installed in the reactor from the
bottom side for better heat transfer. Control valve is installed in the cooling water line. However if the
temperature goes out of control even on full opening of the control valve, chlorine flow rate is reduced
to maintain the desired temperature.
Once the desired gravity of the product is achieved, chlorination is stopped, dry air at a pressure of 3
Kgs/cm2g and atmospheric temperature is passed through the reactor at a rate of 150 Kgs/hr to make
the product free from any entrained chlorine & HCl gas.
During the reaction, HCl gas is generated as a byproduct. This HCl gas along with the mist of paraffin &
traces of chlorine leaves the reactor from the top and is passed through a series of vessels to arrest the
paraffin mist.
The first two of these vessels are filled with CPW up to 50% level. When the HCl gas passes through these
vessels, Paraffin mist is arrested in the CPW and continuously overflows to a specified vessel. Once the
color of this CPW in Vessels changes, the material is replaced with the fresh one.
Product Transfer
Once the degasification of the product is over in reactor (done for about 1 -2 hrs), product is transferred
to degassifiers for further treatment and degasification with air. Gear pumps have been installed for the
purpose of transferring CPW from reactors to degasifier. Stabilizer is added in degassifier. Dry air is also
again passed for about 3-4 hours to ensure complete removal of chlorine/HCl gas from the product.
HCl Production
The HCl gas from the vessels is fed to HCL absorbers. HCl absorbers have been considered in three
stages in series i.e. Primary, Secondary & Tertiary.
Once the HCl concentration is achieved in one tank, changeover is given. Product HCL is transferred to
storage tanks. HCl absorbers are falling film block type graphite heat exchangers and heat of absorption
is removed by circulating cooling water in absorber .The HCl produced from primary HCl absorber is
degassed for removal of free chlorine and then is transferred in main storage tank.
For Secondary absorption one no. of absorber is installed with two numbers of circulation tanks.
Changeover is given when HCL is required to transfer in primary absorber circulation tanks.
For Tertiary absorption one no. of absorbers is installed in parallel with one no of circulation tank.
Changeover is given when HCL is required to transfer in primary absorber circulation tanks or secondary
absorber circulation tanks.
The gas from tertiary absorber, the off gases from the Reactors and degasifiers at the time of
degasification & the gases from vent of absorber circulation tanks, storage tanks & HCL filling station are
sent to packed tower, where process water is circulated to absorb HCL in gas. One no. tank is installed
for circulation. Low concentrated HCL is transferred to absorber circulation tanks.
Gas from packed tower is sent most of the time to main plant waste air scrubbing system.
Special grade HDPE and 20% Hydrochloric acid is fed into the glass lined jacketed and agitated reactors.
The mass is initially heated with the mass to achieve a certain temperature and thereafter chlorine gas is
fed at a certain rate so as to increase the temperature up to 130 deg c. the temperature is maintained at
this level till the completion of chlorination. After this the mass is allowed to get cool down to about 60
deg C. The reactor now contains CPE and 25% Hydrochloric acid.
After this, the material is transferred to other vessel, where 25% HCl is separated and the material is
washed with water. This washing water is taken out separately to pits. 25% HCl acid is collected and part
of this is diluted to 20% for reuse in reactors. Excess 25% acid is taken to Chlorinated Paraffin Wax plant
for concentrating this to 32% (saleable concentration). Part of washed water is also used in CPW plant
and balance is taken to CaCO3 stone pits for neutralization.
Washed CPE is treated with alkaline material and then again washed. The wash water from this system is
used for washing of acidic material.
Finally, the CPE is taken to centrifuges and then to fluidized bed drier and then material is packed into
the bags.
Poly Aluminium Chloride is a Flocculants consists of various Molecular weight anionic, non-ionic &
cationic polymers. They are used to increase the efficiency of settling, clarification, and filtration &
centrifugation operations.
Flocculation means a process in which individual particles of a suspension form aggregates. In water
treatment industry the term coagulation & flocculation imply different mechanism.
In coagulation destabilization is achieved by the addition of salts which reduces the electrical repulsion
between suspended particles, such as aluminiumsulphate.
Flocculation is used to describe the action of polymeric material which forms bridges between the
individual particles.Bridging occurs when segments of a polymer chain absorb on different particles and
help particles aggregate.Flocculants carry active groups with a charge, which will counterbalance the
charge of particles.Flocculants adsorb on particles and cause destabilization either by bridging or charge
neutralization.
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
A specific amount of Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) having the concentration of a 33-35% by weight & specific
amount of Aluminium Hydroxide are mixed with each other by agitator.
The mixer is fed to glass lined reactor where reaction is effected with agitation, temperature & pressure.
After the reaction has been completed, the product is fed to the formulation tank, where water &
chemicals are added & dissolved by agitation. The solution is diluted by adding process water, to
precisely adjust the concentration of Aluminium Hydroxide.
The product thus form is fed to the storage tank. Solid cakes from the filter press being Aluminium
Hydroxide is recycled to the water.
The base product contains AL2O3 18% and prepared directly in the Reactors also known as PACO-18. This
product is the parent product from which other PAC can be obtained through further processes.
Several types of PAC liquid products and their uses are specified below.
PACO-14 contains 14% Al2O3 specific for acidic sizing in paper making.
PACO-18 contains 18% Al2O3 specific for industrial waste water plants.
The product contains 10% Al2O3. It is a polygomer that is an inorganic chemical having polymeric
structure, which is indicated by the general formula:
[Aln(OH)mCl3n-m] X
The length of the chain, the molecular weight & the large numbers of electric charges characterize the
PAC10 with respect to the traditional flocculants (such as Aluminium Sulphate) in so far as the moment
of hydrolysis they give rise to Aluminium Poly hydroxides which also have long molecular chains and
hence are very large & heavy.
PAC10 facilities better coagulation of low/medium high turbidity water. Its consumption 60% of total
consumption of alum & better results. Formation with PAC is quite rapid.
DG Set
M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemicals (A unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd.). has also
proposed to install 1 no. of DG Sets of 750 KVA Capacity.
Process of Power Generation:
PLANT LAYOUT
The features of the layout are as follows:
Sufficient space will be provided for ease of operation and maintenance;
Sufficient space will be provided for parking of vehicles used for transportation of raw
materials.
Inward & outward movements of the vehicles for carrying raw materials from
customers/suppliers and dispatch from AOS plant, will be segregated and routed for
internal plant traffic control.
Safety requirements will be kept in mind while locating the workshops and vehicular
movement inside the plant.
33% of the area will be covered under green belt development.
Connectivity with railway siding & approach road.
(vi) Raw material required along with estimated quantity, likely source, marketing area of final
products, mode of transport of raw material and finished product.
Raw material requirement for the Proposed plant for production of Caustic Soda (150 TPD) with
Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (40 TPD), Chlorinated Polyethylene (15 TPD) & 18% Poly Aluminium
Chloride (100 TPD) at Plot no. 129, Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), Alwar (Rajasthan) are as given
below:
Table: 2
6. Paraffin 20.4 Imported at Kandla Port, Gujarat 960 Km/ Road/ Truck
9. HDPE 9.75 Imported at Kandla Port, Gujarat 960 Km/ Road/ Truck
S.
Type of Materials Physical stage Type of Storage Capacity
No.
S.
Type of Materials Physical stage Type of Storage Capacity
No.
Total 150
Chlorinated Polyethylene 15
By Products Details
Internal consumption 55
Merchant Sale 65
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of all products are enclosed as annexure.
S.
Type of Materials Physical stage Type of Storage Capacity
No.
S.
Type of Materials Physical stage Type of Storage Capacity
No.
Because of good transport system available in Alwar area, M/s. Shree Shyam Alkalies & Chemicals
(A unit of M/s. ARM Infraestate Pvt. Ltd.). can easily cater markets of U.P., Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
Uttarakhand and M.P. etc.
(vii) Resources optimization/ recycling and reuse envisaged in the project, if any, should be briefly
outlined.
Domestic effluents generated from plant office will be disposed in soak pit via septic tank.
There will be no industrial effluent discharge inside/ outside from the project premises,
Proposed Plant will be Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) project.
Liquid industrial effluent generate from process will be treated in ETP having capacity of 150
KLD and reuse in process, RO rejects will be send to proposed MEE to achieve ZLD.
Domestic waste water will be disposed off through septic tank/soak pits.
(viii) Availability of water its source, energy /power requirement and source should Be given.
The total water requirement for the proposed Unit has been estimated as 1480.5 KLD; out of
which 900 KLD will be freshwater and 580.5 KLD will be Recycle Water. Freshwater will be
sourced from Ground Water after getting approval from CGWA.
The maximum power demand for the proposed unit has been estimated as about 18 MW. The
power requirement is proposed to be sourced from Jaipur Vidhyut Vitran Nigam Limited
(JVVNL). However, in case of emergency & to meet the power requirement, 1 no. of DG Sets of
750 KVA Capacity is also envisaged.
Approx.
Quantity Calorific
Distance &
S. No. Name Source value % Ash % Sulphur
Mode of
(TPD) (Kcal. /kg)
Transportation
Total 0.07
(ix) Quantity of waste to be generated (liquid and solid) and scheme for their management/disposal
Sludge generated from a membrane cell based caustic soda plant is non-hazardous and will be used
for land filling purpose. Sludge from sludge filter i.e. filter press containing about 35% moisture will
be collected in open trucks and taken to the land filling area.
(X) Schematic representation of the feasibility drawing which give information of EIA purpose.
Environmental Clearance is required As per EIA Notification dated 14th Sept., 2006 & as amended
from time to time; this project falls under category ‘B, Activity -4 (d)’ & ‘5(f)’.-Located within
notified industrial area/estate.
(i) Connectivity
The project site is well connected to SH 14 & SH 25. Nearest Town & city to the plant site is Alwar
(8.2 km). Nearest Airport Jaipur is approx. 113 km from the plant site. The site is well connected
with communication facilities like telephone, fax, wireless and as such, no constraints are
envisaged in this aspect as the Tehsil and District headquarters are near to the site.
The considered land for the Proposed Plant for is generally flat. Total Project area is 39456.00 Sq.
Meter and the same has been acquired by the company. Land use of the site is industrial land use,
as site is located with notified industrial area.
About 33% of the total project area will be covered under green belt/ plantation, which will
contribute to increase the aesthetic beauty of the area and reduction of pollution.
Topography of the core zone of the proposed project is almost flat will be followed; therefore
drainage pattern will not be changed during construction phase.
The topography of the area will have localized changes; however except the site, the overall
topography will be same as the present.
(iv) Existing land use pattern (agriculture, non-agriculture, forest, water bodies (including area
under CRZ)), shortest distances from the periphery of the project to periphery of the forests,
national park, wild life sanctuary, eco sensitive areas, water bodies (distance from the HFL of the
river), CRZ. In case of notified industrial area, a copy of the Gazette notification should be given
Table: 3
Details
S. No. Particulars
(with approximate aerial distance & direction from the nearest project boundary)
1. Nearest Town / City Alwar ~8.2 km in NW direction from the Project Site
2. Nearest National / State Highway o SH 14 - Alwar - Bharatpur (~3.3 km in NNE direction)
o SH 25 - Alwar - Rajgarh (~5.8 km in NW direction)
3. Nearest Railway Station Alwar Railway Station ~8.1 km in NW direction from project site
4. Nearest Airport Jaipur Airport ~113 km SW direction from project site
5. Nearest Cantonment Area Itarana Military Cantonment ~ 3 km in NW direction
6. National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries,
No National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve exists within 10 km
Biosphere Reserves, etc. within 10
radius.
km radius
Details
S. No. Particulars
(with approximate aerial distance & direction from the nearest project boundary)
7. Reserve Forests (RF) / Protected o Bhugar Protected Forest (~ 9.1 km in West direction)
Forests (PF) within 10 km radius o Bhakhera Protected Forest (~ 8.9 km in WNW direction)
8. Water Bodies (within 10 km radius) o Bhurja Nadi (~ 4.0 km in SW direction)
o Ruparel Nadi (~ 5.8 km in SSE direction)
o Sukhri Nadi (~ 9.1 km in SSE direction)
o Jaisamand Lake (~ 8.3 km in WSW direction)
9. Seismic Zone Zone - IV [as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002]
(v) Existing Infrastructure
The site is located in well developed industrial area, where roads and other infrastructure facilities
already exist.
Alwar Township is relatively flat, located in the alluvial plain beneath the Arvali Mountainsin the
west. The soil is mainly alluvial and non-calcareous, semi-consolidated to consolidated, brown in
colour, and loamy sand to sandy loam in texture. Exposed rocks belong to the Delhi Super-group
of lower proterozoic age, consisting of schist, quartzites, slates and gneisses. Subsurface layers of
unconsolidated quaternary formations form the principal aquifer system. According to the
Vulnerability Atlas of India, part of Alwar District, including Alwar Town is in an area of high
earthquake risk (Zone IV). Although Rajasthan has not experienced a major earthquake in the
recent past, there have been 37 events with a magnitude of 5-7 since 1720, with the most recent
occurring in 2001. This measured 6.9 on the Richter Scale, but because the epicentre was in
neighbouring Gujarat, no major damage was reported in Alwar.
The climate is semi-arid and mostly dry, with a hot summer period in April to July, followed by a
short monsoon in July to September, and a cool dry winter period between October and March.
Average daily temperatures peak at around 41 °C in June (when the minimum is 28 °C at night), and
in January the temperature falls to an average of 23 °C during the day and 8 °C at night. The long
term average annual rainfall is 638 mm, of whicharound85% falls during the monsoon. However
rainfall is highly variable, and has been generally low in most recent years.
Relative humidity is around 70% during the monsoon, but is much lower throughout the rest of the
year, falling to 20-25% in the summer. Winds are generally light and variable during the cool winter
period, and mainly from the north and north-west, and the strongest winds are the south-western
lies that bring the monsoon in June and July.
The nearest City is Alwar, which is approx. 8.2 km distance from the plant site. At Alwar city
schools, dispensaries, small hospitals, places of worship etc are available. Electrical power
supply in most of surrounding villages is available.
All basic amenities such as school, hospital, market, etc. are available in nearby area.
Telephone, medical facilities and telegraph facilities are available in the nearby area.
Transportation of raw material and final product will be done via existing road network and
cement concrete road will be developed within the proposed project area.
(i) Planning Concept (type of industries, facilities, transportation etc.) Town and country Planning/
Development authority classification.
Facilities required for the proposed project will be provided as per requirement. Transportation of
raw material and final product will be done via existing road network and cement concrete road
will be developed within the proposed project area.
Temporary influx of people will be there as the managerial and supervisory staff will generally be
outsider.
(iii) Land use planning (breakup along with green belt etc)
The total project area is: 39456.00 Sq. Meter. Land use of the site is industrial land use, as site is
located with notified industrial area.
About 33% of the total project area will be covered under green belt/ plantation, which will
contribute to increase the aesthetic beauty of the area and reduction of pollution.
The Company will assess the demand of infrastructure (Physical & Social) in nearby area of the
proposed site and will be developed in under corporate social responsibilities programs
(v) Amenities/Facilities
The Company will be developed the Amenities/Facilities in nearby area of the proposed project site
as per requirement of local people of the nearby area under corporate social responsibilities
programs.
The 39456.00 Sq.m land will be required for proposed manufacturing unit.
Workshop
The mechanical and electrical workshop will be provided to take care of the regular
maintenance/ repair jobs in the plant.
Machinery stores
A store building needed for storing tools, spare parts, consumables, etc. Open area for
storing machinery and construction materials for the proposed plant.
At the entrance of the main plant, a time office and a security office will be constructed.
Weighbridge
Electronic weighbridges will be provided to take care of the incoming and outgoing materials
at the plant.
Bags Go down
Space will be provided in the packing plant area for the storage of bags.
Parking
Adequate parking space will be provided in the plant premises for the parking of vehicles.
No residential colony has been envisaged for plant employees. However, guest house & resting
shelter will be provided at project site for plant official and labourers.
The total project area is: 39456.00 Sq. Meter. About 33% of the total project area will be covered
under green belt/ plantation, which will contribute to increase the aesthetic beauty of the area
and reduction of pollution.
Proposed project will result in growth of the surrounding areas by increased direct and indirect
employment opportunities in the region including ancillary development and supporting
infrastructure.
The site is well connected with communication facilities like telephone, fax, and wireless as such,
no constraints are envisaged in this aspect as the Tehsil and District headquarters are near to the
site.
The total water requirement for the proposed Unit has been estimated as 1480.5 KLD; out of
which 900 KLD will be freshwater and 580.5 KLD will be Recycle Water. Freshwater will be
sourced from Ground Water after getting approval from CGWA
Liquid industrial effluent generate from process will be treated in ETP and reuse in process, RO
rejects will be send to proposed MEE to achieve ZLD.
Domestic waste water will be disposed off through septic tank/soak pits.
Waste generated from project will be Brine Sludge, Discarded containers/ barrels/liners used for
hazardous wastes/ chemicals, Spent resin, Chemical sludge from ETP and Used/Spent oil from
machinery and DG. The same shall be disposed as per Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management
and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
Solid Waste generate from project will be Residue sludge and filter cakes (Non hazardous),
Discarded containers/ barrels/liners used for hazardous wastes/ chemicals, Spent resin, Chemical
sludge form ETP and Used/Spent oil from machinery and DG Set and same shall be disposed as per
New Waste rules 2016.
The maximum power demand for the proposed manufacturing unit has been estimated as about
18 MW. The power requirement is proposed to be sourced from Jaipur Vidhyut Vitran Nigam
Limited (JVVNL). However, in case of emergency & to meet the power requirement, 1 no. of DG
Sets of 750 KVA Capacity is also envisaged.
(i) Policy to be adopted (Central/State) in respect of the project affected persons including home
oustees, land oustees and landless labourers (a brief outline to be given).
The proposed land is allotted by RIICO and falls under notified area. Hence R&R Plan is not
applicable.
(i) Likely date of start of construction and likely date of completion (time schedule for the project
to be given).
The Manufacturing will be started after obtaining Environmental Clearance from SEIAA, Rajasthan
(ii) Estimated Project Cost Along With Analysis In Terms Of Economic Viability of the Project
(i) Financial and social benefits with special emphasis on the benefit to the local people including tribal
population, if any, in the area.
Proposed Project will result in growth of the surrounding areas by increased direct and indirect
employment opportunities in the region including ancillary development and supporting infrastructure.
Special emphasis on financial and social benefits will be given to the local people including tribal
population, if any, in the area. Development of social amenities will be in the form of medical facilities,
education to underprivileged and creation of self help groups