Unit one: Exploring the past ( Ancient Civilizations )

The main vocabulary list :

Ancient= ( adj)‫ عتيق‬,‫ عتيق الزي‬,‫ قديم‬,‫غابر‬old =/= new – Sumerian = a member of a people who inhabited ancient
modern Sumer)‫السومريون‬
Civilization :‫الحضارة‬an advanced state of human society, in Babylonian= an inhabitant of ancient Babylon)‫البابليون‬
which a high level of culture, science, industry, and Spaniard= a native or inhabitant of Spain)‫السبان‬
government has been reached. ( to civilize )
Map= ‫خريطة‬adiagrammatic representation of the earth's Architecture= the design and style of buildings ‫هندسة‬
surface (or part of it) ‫ أسلوب بناء‬,‫ فن معماري‬,‫معمارية‬

Associate= ‫ قارن‬,‫ تزامل‬,‫ إتحد‬,‫ إنضم‬,‫ عاشر‬,‫إرتبط‬tie in, relate, Phoenician= a member of an ancient Semitic people who
link, colligate, link up, connect ( association ) dominated trade in the first millennium B.C.)‫الفينيقيين‬
Flourish=‫ نجح‬,‫ زخرف‬,‫ تأنق‬,‫ لوح‬,‫إزدهر‬grow =prosper,= Carthaginians= a native or inhabitant of ancient Carthage)
grow, thrive, prosper, do well, , increase ‫القرطاجيين‬
Collapse=,‫ إنطوى‬,‫ أصاب بضعف شديد‬,‫ فقد‬,‫ خفق‬,‫ تساقط‬,‫إنهار‬fall in, Greek= (a native or inhabitant of Greece)‫اليونانيون‬
cave in, give, giveway, break, founder,
Mesopotamia=(the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; Island= a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is
site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now surrounded by water)‫جزيرة‬
known as Iraq) ‫ العراق‬/ ‫ بلد مابين النهرين‬/
Valley= ‫واد‬a long depression in the surface of the land that Hieroglyphic= (a writing system using picture symbols; used
usually containsa river) in ancient Egypt)‫الهيروغليفية‬
Euphrates= a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Indus= an Asian river that rises in Tibet and flows through
Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several northern India and then southwest through Kashmir and
great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia) ‫الفرات‬ Pakistan to the Arabian Sea; "the valley of the Indus was the
site of an early civilization")‫الندس‬
Ancestors= (someone from whom you are descended (but Pharaoh= the title of the ancient Egyptian kings)‫فرعون‬
usually more remote than a grandparent)) ‫السلف‬
Emerge=‫ نشأ‬,‫ ظهر للعيان‬,‫ برز‬,‫إنبثق‬originate, arise, rise, In spite of the fact that = ‫ رغم ان‬despite the fact that
develop, appear
Wheel : a round object ‫عجلة‬
Vanish= ‫ زال نهائيا‬,‫ ِتشى‬,‫ إختفى‬,‫غاب‬disappear, go away Defeat= ‫ كسر‬,‫ فسخ‬,‫ قهر‬,‫ فاز‬,‫ أحبط‬,‫ خيب‬,‫ أبطل‬,‫ غلب‬,‫هزم‬get the
end, stop, finish, terminate, cease better of, overcome,
Mature=, ‫نضج‬,maturate, grow ,develop Devotion=, ‫ تفان‬,‫ صلوات‬,‫ عبادة‬,‫ حب شديد‬,‫تقوى‬feelings of ardent
love
Myth=‫ شخص خرافي‬,‫ خرافة‬,‫أسطورة‬a traditional story accepted Refugee= ‫ المغترب‬,‫ إبعاد‬,‫ إغتراب‬,‫(المنفى‬an exile who flees for
as history; serves to explain the world view of a people) safety)
Heritage= ‫ ميراث‬,‫ تركة‬,‫ تراث‬,‫(إرث‬practices that are handed Epoch=‫ فترة من الزمان‬,‫ الحين‬,‫ دهر‬,‫ زمان‬,‫ عصر‬,‫ عهد‬,‫فترة‬era
down from the past by tradition; "a heritage of freedom")
Genius= ,‫ نزعة‬,‫ الروح الحارسة‬,‫ عبقرية‬,‫ النابغة‬,‫ العبقري‬,‫ نبوغ‬,‫موهبة‬ Customs=traditions ‫عادات –تقاليد‬
‫( ميل‬brilliance ,unusual mental ability)
Prestige=‫ سحر‬,‫ تأثير‬,‫ حظوة‬,‫ نفوذ‬,‫ وهم‬,‫ إحترام‬,‫ هيبة‬,‫ إعتبار‬a high Monument=‫ معلم تذكاري‬,‫ نصب تذكاري‬,‫تمثال‬memorial
standing achieved through success or influence or wealth
Maritime=‫بحري‬, marine Region= area, part ‫منطقة‬
Harbour=‫ أنذر‬,‫ وفر مأوى‬,‫ إستضاف‬,‫ أخفى‬,‫ أوى‬,‫ كتم‬shelter ,hide, Refuge=‫ مأوى‬,‫ملجأ‬a shelter from danger or hardship
conceal
Despite the fact that ‫على الرغم من أن‬ Chronology=‫ تقسيم الزمن‬- ‫الكرونولوجيا‬
an arrangement of events in time)
Transit=‫ مكنه من العبور‬,‫عبر‬pass, go through, go across Sculpture=‫ صنع التماثيل‬,‫ فن النحت‬,‫ تمثيل‬,‫نحات‬shape, form,
work, mold, mould, forge
Settle=put, set, place, pose, position, lay ,‫ وطن‬,‫ قرر‬,‫قضى‬ Evolve= ‫ إستنبط‬,‫ إستخرج‬,‫ أطلق‬,‫ تطور تدريجيا‬,‫طور‬evolve, germinate,
,‫ هدأ‬,‫ أزال‬,‫ رص‬,‫ حل‬,‫ إستقر‬,‫ ترسخ‬,‫ توطد‬,‫ نظم‬,‫ إستوطن‬,‫صفى حسابا‬ develop create by mental act,
‫ إستعمر‬,‫ فصل‬,‫ وصى‬,‫ حط‬,‫ سوى‬,‫ قضى على‬,‫سكن‬,

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 Maintain= keep, ,hold ‫ – حافظ‬protect – preserve . Attempt= ‫ حاول‬try, seek, essay, act, move
Regain=‫ استرد‬. ‫ استعاد‬get, acquire Contribution : ‫ هبة‬,‫ مساعدة‬,‫ تبرع‬,‫إسهام‬,
Spread=‫ ألقى‬,‫ تمدد‬,‫ أذاع خبرا‬,‫ كسا‬,‫ إنفرج‬,‫ إمتد‬,‫ باعد بين‬,‫ نشر‬,‫تفشى‬ donation, gift, offering
‫به أرضا‬, extend, expand Explorer= traveler, discoverer, voyager, adventurer ‫مكتشف‬
Remain= stay, ,rest , ‫بقي مكث‬ Navigator= sailor, seaman, seafarer, gob, mariner - ‫ ملح‬,‫بحار‬
Refine= ‫ دخل‬,‫ جمل‬,‫ صفى‬,‫ نعم‬,‫ هذب‬,‫ نقى‬,‫ صقل‬,‫ شذب‬,‫كرر‬ Decline= decline, go down, wane
‫ نقح‬,‫تحسينات على‬better, improve, amend, ameliorate, decrease, diminish, fall ‫ تقدم‬,‫ فقد أهميته‬,‫ رفض‬,‫ أضعف‬,‫ هبط‬,‫إنحدر‬
meliorate ‫ نزل‬,‫ حنى‬,‫ إنحط‬,‫نحو النهاية‬
Refinement :a small change that improves something :
‫تحسين – تهذيب‬
Antiquity= ‫ شؤون متعلقة بثقافة العصور‬,‫ قدم‬,‫العصور القديمة‬ Discover= detect, observe, find, discover, notice,spy, sight
the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe) ‫اكتشف وجد‬-
The middle ages=‫ القرون الوسطى‬,‫العصور الوسطى‬ Cohesion : coherence ‫ التحام‬,‫ ترابط منطقي‬,‫تماسك‬
The renaissance= the revival of learning and culture) ‫النهضة‬ Mankind=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human
beings, humans, , man ‫النسانية‬
The enlightenment= education that results in Prophet= someone who speaks by divine inspiration; someone
understanding and the spread of knowledge) who is an interpreter of the will of God)‫الرسول‬
‫ حركة التنوير الفلسفية‬,‫ ثقافة‬,‫تنوير‬
Prehistoric=‫قبل التاريخ‬belonging to or existing in times B.C= before the Christian era; used following dates before the
before recorded history; "prehistoric settlements"; supposed year Christ was born; "in 200 BC") ‫قبل الميلد‬
"prehistoric peoples")
Irrigate=‫ غسل‬,‫ سقى‬,‫روى‬water, wet Tutankhamun ‫توت عنخ آمون‬
Harmony : understanding ‫ تفاهم‬unison, conformity - ‫انسجام‬ Privilege= prerogative .patent -‫امتياز‬
Pyramid=(a massive monument with a square base and Prosperity= the condition of prospering; having good fortune)
four triangular sides; begun by Cheops around 2700 BC as ‫ نشاط‬,‫ ربح‬,‫ نمو‬,‫ ثراء‬,‫ عمران‬,‫ رخاء‬,‫ إزدهار‬,‫ نجاح‬,‫رفاهية‬
royal tombs in ancientEgypt )‫هرم‬
Tomb=grave ‫ ضريح‬,‫ قبر‬burial ‫دفن‬ Ruin= destroy ‫ حطم –دمر‬destruction, devastation, ruin ,‫ هدم‬,‫دمار‬
‫ إبادة‬,‫ هلك‬,‫خراب‬
Incredible=marvelous ,fabulous ,improbable, ‫مذهل –عير‬
‫عادي‬
The seven wonders of the world : ‫عجائب الدنيا السبعة‬
- ‫الحضارة المصرية‬Egyptian civilization ---- Chinese civilization: ‫ الحضارة الصينية‬-----
- Indus civilization : ‫ حضارة نهر السند‬----- Phoenician civilization ‫ الحضارة الفينيقية‬-
- Roman civilization ‫ الحضارة الرومانية‬----- Maya civilization ‫حضارة المايا‬
- – Sumerian civilization ‫ الحضارة السومرية‬- Babylonian civilization. ‫الحضارة البابلية‬
- Greek civilization. ‫الحضارة اليونانية‬. Islamic civilization ‫الحضارة السلمية‬
- The straits of Gibraltar: - ‫مضيق جبل طارق‬ - Castle of Alhambra : ‫ الحمراء قصر‬-‫– قلعة‬
- Tigris and Euphrates : ‫الدجلة والفرات‬

Good Luck “ BAC 2021 “

YOUR TEACHER :LAKHDARI ZOHRA

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