Domain Name System (DNS)

Design by Eng.Ahmad H Al-Mashaikh

(1) Iterative query

Root Que
ry R
oot H
int "
."

(2)
Refe
ral to
.com
DNS
Serv
(1) - Check Zone
er
(2) - Check Chache
.net .org .int .gov .com .edu .mil
(3)
Query to .co
m Server
DNS Server
(4) DNS Server Confgired
Referal to .g
With Root Hints
oogle.com
DNS Server

DNS Server Google.com (5)

Without Conditional Fowarder Settings

l e . c o m
o goo g
Google = 8.8.8.8 Que r y t
Server

Names
Forward Queries for DNS
(6)

Response form Forwarder

p o ns e
ve R e s
r i t a t i
Autho 8.8.8.8

Iterative query

DNS Server Ahmad.com

On
Re ly F
Ahmad = 5.5.5.5 c urs Na o r
ive m e wa
que se rd
ry ndi Qu
n g eri
Re i n es
spo A h for
For n s ma D
wa e fr d.c NS
rde om om
r Co
ndi
tion Check Zone , Check
al
Chache
Only Forward Queries for DNS
DNS Server - ccg.local Names ending in abc.local Recursive query

DNS Server - ABC.local

. 1 Response from Conditional y
1 0 e r
8 . Forwarder qu . 8 . 8 m
16 ve 8.8 le. c o DNS Server Configured With
2. r si
o o g Default Fowrarder and Conditional
u .g
19 c a l
e r y e c
rw w w
. c o m
Fowrarder of Ahmad.com
.lo qu n t R
ey F o
h m ad
ve e u r .A
cg l i Q w
si C w
c c ur F o rw
e re y . 5 . 5
n t R Qu 5.5
l ie
C

Client Client
Recur
Client sive qu
ery

Client Resolves a Name DNS can be used

DNS Zones and Records A DNS zone is a
Resolve host names to IP addresses specific portion of DNS namespace that
1- Check Local Host Name. 5- NetBios Name. contains DNS records Zone types:
Locate domain controllers and global
2- DNS Resolver Cache/ 6- WINS Server . catalog servers Forward lookup zone
Hosts File Content. Reverse lookup zone Resource records in
7- Broadcast . forward lookup zones include:
3- DNS Server. Resolve IP addresses to host names
A, MX, SRV, NS, SOA, and CNAME Resource
8- LMHosts records in reverse lookup zones include: PTR
4- LLMNR DNS Server. Locate mail servers during email delivery
File.