| GAME 2 | FOOTBALL Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven play cach. Itis played by 250 million players in over 150 councries, making ic the world’s most popular sport. The game ig played with a spherical ball on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. Football is considered as one of the most famous games in the world. Ic is universally accepted as its rules are simple is very popular in Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa. In India, football is very famous specially in West Bengal. The second oldest football rournament known as Durand Cup was started in India in 1888 in Shimla, Later from 1940, this venue was changed to New Delhi. History Football is also known as soccer. Although, the official rules of soccer were made in England, nobody knows exactly from where it originated. On 8th December, 1863, the official rules of soccer were established in Sheffield Footbal Club in England. In 1904, the First International Match outside’ England was played in Paris between’ France and Belgium. This led to the founding of Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), an international organisation that regulaces the rules and regulations of football worldwide. FIFA fixed the First World Cup to be played in Uruguay in 1930, since then, the World Cup is played every 4 years. In India, chis game was introduced by the British, At the London ‘Olympics in 1948, bare-footed Indians took everyone by surprise and almost caused an upset when they narrowly lox to France by 1-2 in the second round match. India scored a Gold medal in 1951 Asian Games. Measurements and Specifications ‘The original dimensions were specified in yards/feet/inch because these were formulated in England. Later on, these hhave been converted to the metric system. * Ground dimension = 100-120 yards (91-110 m) x 50-100 yards (46-91 m). ‘+ Officials of match (international) = 1 Referee, 2 Linesmen or Assistant Referce, 1 Commissioner, 1 Timekeeper. MMM © scanned with OKEN Scannerball B73] «+ Weight ofthe ball= 14 t0 16 0 » Greumfrence an Gennes (10-450 gn). =27 0 28 inch (68-70 ci). + Number of players in a team #1 f goalkeepes | = 11 on the field at any time including 1 i |» Number of players that can be substituted in a match = 3. | ita + Duration of match = 7 : Smits! 2 halves of 45 minutes (40 minutes for women) each with a half-time interval of not moze than . Eub (in case ofa tie at the end of time) =2 halves of 15 minutes each, imension =8 yards (7.32 ith 5 is ick wiktine na eee 32 m) x8 fe (2.44 m) with 5 inches thickness of post. « Player’s equipment (compulsory) = 1umber. c ry) = Studs (football shoes), shit “shirt wit + Center circle radius = 10 yards (9.15 m). ee + Quarter circle radius = 1 yard (91 cm). « Height of flags 5 fe =(1.2 m) Layout of Football Ground Football Ground Terminology Attacker ‘Any player close to the opposing team's goal line is called an attacker, also called as forward or striker. Advantage Rule The rule is applied when an attacking player is fouled by a defending team but his team is sti control of the ball. Despite the need to stop the play, the referee does not stop it as it hurts the game and instead allows the attacking team to seize the goal-scoring advantage. Box. ‘The penalty area, Sometimes called the 18 yard box, to distinguish it from the goal area, which is the 6-yard box (16.5 mand 5.5 m). Comer Kick A direct free kick that is awarded when the defending team puts the ball over the end line. A comer kick is taken by the offensive team from next to the comer flag. a © scanned with OKEN Scanner2 Dead Ball Defender Direct Free Kick Drop Ball Foul Free Kick Goal Kick Goalpost Goal Keeper Injury Time Indirect Free Kick Midfield When play is stopped and the bal is not moving, itis a dead bal, Al free kicks, including penalty kicks, havo 10 bo takon from a dead ball Aplayer whose job isto stop the opposition attacking players from goal scoring ‘Awarded agains! a playeriteam for kicking/attempting to kick an opponent, tripping or attempting to trp, jumping al, charging, striking or attomping 0 stiko, pushing, tackling, holding or spitting at an ‘opponent. It is also awarded ita player mmishandles the bal ‘Amethod of restarting a game where the referee drops the ball belween two players cf opposing teams facing each other. The balls dropped where it was latin play or at the nearest point outside the penalty area, ‘When the referee judges a violation against ‘an opposing player, itis a foul. The team that suffers the foul is awarded with a direct, free kick unless the foul is committed by @ defensive player inside his own penalty area, in which case the foul results in @ penalty kick Its awarded to the opponent team if a player enters or re-enters the field of play Without the referee's permission or deliberately leaves the field of play without the referee's permission. ‘Atype of restart that is awarded when the attacking team puts the ball over the end ling. The ball is kicked by placing it anywhere on the penalty area. itis tall metallic structure consisting of a cross-bar and two uprights that extend upward from it. ‘The specialised player who isthe last line of defense and is allowed to control the toll with his hands when in the goal area. The time till the game is temporarily stopped due to injury of a player. ‘Awarded if a goal keeper, inside his ovn penalty area, controls the ball with his hands for more than 6 seconds before releasing it. tis also awarded if a player commits any offence for which play is stopped or takes the ball again after releasing ithimself to caution or send off a player. The line that divides the length of the fold in hat Offside Obstruction Penalty Kick Red Card Sending Off Throw-in Yellow Card b Allynone PHYSICAL EDUCATION Class 1244, ‘Aviolation that occurs when an ftfensive player ¢r086es the Goal lng gy ‘pposing side belare the bal reaches hhinvher, Players cannot be called fitsde If they are in thelr ovr haf ofthe fold, When a player Is called offside, thy ‘opposing team is awarded an indirect {neo kick ‘Afoul In which a defensive player, instead of going after the ball legally Uses his/her body to prevent an offensive player from playing it ‘Awarded for any of the fouls commited by a player inside his own penalty area, jrespective of the position ofthe ball, provided i isin play. ‘A Red Card is a signal that the player has been banned from the rest of the match. A Red Card can be shown for a single serious offence, violent striking, attacking the opponent or as the result (of being shown a second Yellow Card in the same game, Such a rejected player cannot be replaced by a substitute. ‘Atejection resulting from a player being shown a Red Card. ‘Away to restart play when the ball goes cut over the side lines. The team that did not touch the ball ast is allowed an overhead throw. A card the referee shows a player as a disciplinary action for violating a soccer rule. Ibis a warning issued by the referee. No elimination or rejection takes place in this case, Latest/General Rules ‘The objective of soccer or football isto send the ball into the goal of opposing team, by kicking it with the feet or by any other part of their body. ‘The game begins with the toss of a coin and the winning captain decides which goal to defend or to take the first kick-off. All players must use their feet, head or chest to play the ball. Only the goalkeepers are allowed ro use their hands and only within their designated goal area, A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes cover the goal line, beeween the goalposts and under the cross-bar, provided thar no infringement of the Jaws of the game has been committed previously by the ream scoring the goal. (see the given diagram) © scanned with OKEN Scannerifthe ball touches oF crosse sa the sideline, it s thrown, tact the eam that was not heft v0 roc the al + Te game contol by a ental eee ai vo linesmen. They award free kicks and penalties when rules are broken, For continual breaking of rules or for a bad foul, a player may be sent off the fel + The aim of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team, which is achieved by kicking or heading the ball into the opposing team's goal. fundamental Skills and Techniques these may be divided into the following major categories |,Dribbling This is the ability to manoeuvre the ball with the feet to beat or dodge an opponent. There are wo techniques of dribbling (i) Speed Dribbling I involves moving with the ball quickly into an open space by pushing che ball forward and running after i (i Shield Dribbling Ic is dribbling to keep possession and involves keeping the body becween the ball and 2 pressuring opponent. This is a skill thac players playing in forward positions need 0 eerven, as they frequently must receive a ball with their back to an opponent. Receiving Receiving refers to players first couch aeccevezontrls the ball using any part ofthe body xcept the hands and arms. When receiving 3 ball on the ground, the player should keep the eyes o8 the tallSchoose which foot ro receive the ball wich Receiving the ball in che air ia skill chat involves keeping the eyes on the ball o read the flight, speed Keeping ton ofthe ball and decide which body par a camel the ball (oot thigh, chest or head) 3,Passing Passing the ball involves giving the ball to a an eae cis important chat players know where their t¢ammates are, $0 verbal communication is also required, Passing of ball is done while kicking ie with a teloxed forward swing ofthe kicking leg 4. Kicking This involves kicking the ball with the foot fo thatc lands in the area chat the player Wants: ‘There are ewo rechniques of kicking 1 a) (i)Instep Kick In such a aype of kick the ball shoul be contacted with the inside of the Wicking, foot an the body should be slighty Teaning in forward direction, (i) Ouustep Kick This kick is made by contacting the ball wieh the upper pare of the toe. The technique is highly useful for making short ses, 5. Shooting Shooting, uses the same technical elements asic important difference being that the goal is to pass the ball beyond che goalkeeper. The ankle of the kicking, foot is locked and che toe is inted down if shooting with instep. The body ‘weight is balanced on the kicking foot, 6,Heading Heading is the only way of contacting the ball when itis above che shoulders by making contact with the ball with area beeween the eyebrows Gnd hairline with mouth closed, eyes open and chin up. The neck should be kept stiff while heading ro prevent the neck injury. 7. Tackling It involves takling with che back foor and normally occurs in a 50-50 situation, when neither player has the ball. Key factors include a steady fread, eyes on the ball, Keeping a low centre of gravity, planting the support foot alongside the ball ord contacting the ball with the inside of the foot. 8, Tacties Tactics involve the decisions the player must make about what ro do with the ball, sometimes before receiving it. These are basically of three types (i) Individual ‘tactics, in which two players confront cach other. (ii) Group tactics, involving two or more players within a 15 yard radius around the ball (i) Team tatis, which refer ro the style of foosball a team plays. Team tactics involve systems of play, high and lowe pressure defending, playing directly and indirectly. Important Tournaments International ‘« Olympic Games distance «FIFA World Cup «Asia Cup «International Nehru Gold Cup + Merdeka Cup Affican Cup + CONCAF Gold Cup © Copa America « UEFA European Championship J ARC (Asian Football Confederation) Cup aa © scanned with OKEN ScannerNational + National Football League + Subroto Cup * Santosh Trophy © Hero Federation Cup * Durand Cup « IFA Shield Important Personalities Indians Arjuna Award Winners esr Winer Year Waren 1961 PK Banerjee 1962 ‘Tulsi Balaram 1963 ost 1964" Jamnail Singh 1965 1966 Yusut Kan “1967 Peter Tanga) 1069 Ide Shah 1970 SyedNaoemuddin 1071 CP Singh 1973 Magan Singh 1978-79 Gurdev Singh Gil 197880 Prasun Banerjee 1960-81 Mohammed Habib 1861 Sei Kamat 196) St sick 1969 SBhattacharjee 1997, Brahmanand, = Sankwalkar 1998 Baichung Bhutia 2001 Bruno Coutinho 2003 IM Vijayan 2010 Deepak Kumar Mondal 2011__SunlChheti 2016 _Subrata Pal Dronacharya Award Winner Year Winner 1990 Syed Naeemuddin International Pele-actual name-Edison Arantes do Nascimento (Brazil), Diego Maradona (Argentina), Zinedine Zidane (France), David Beckham (England), Cristiano Ronaldo (Brazil), Lev Yashin (Russia), Michel Platini (France), Gerd Muller (Germany) and Franz Beckenbauer (Germany). Important Venues + Wembley Football Stadium, London, England ‘The Allianz Arena, Munich, Germany + Old Trafford Footbal Stadium, Manchester, England + Camp Nou, Barcelona, Spain + Azteca, Mexico City, Mexico + Soccer City, Johannesburg, South Africa © scanned with OKEN Scanner