WOMEOS TASS Smngintanence of constant inkina) equillibrivm epatous em? able gnimals 40 reond 40 ewernal changes & * hatmoned fen, Sndand nel Go eugene! chan g HORMONES ; endocrine glands that secrete organic compounds , chemical “X smessen gers , work antagenistically 10 etch Other ait metabolic activities in the body are | onirolled & coordinated by the endocrine system. ENDockINe GuaNDs | & ductiess glands that release heir secretions Charmones) directly into the blood-f sticam . Biood Htansports the hormones 40 the Aaeget organs where they peffoan their function. ooo tapill ary MMEMICAL COORDINATION hormone secreted into blood % type of contol & coordination brought about by hormanes into the bieod HORMONES LS exganie chemicals mesrengers 17> td-ike oiganie compounds Ls seme are pioteins while some are also steroids Razed In Smal quantities iso bloodsieam by endoaine glands. Shave aL vegulaiory function 4had can be siimulaled | inhibited! 14 reguladed” by positive | negative Redback. a zled NEGATIVE FEEDBACK. MECHANISM, “Pease FEEDBACK. MECH ANISM La witen a detection of o clevisiian from{is wnen a deierticn of the increareat the norrOl resUHS in a reattion thai j tevels ot one hoamane, shimuiaies | counteracs tne change and reiuins is | the releuce of more of ‘the tame — fy 40 norma). AAU 46 Homa eitcied | ormone, 4 toyrective oction is) “switched off.” 4 SMS NS [cies Enelrorine Aandi € Fheis Homenes instar gland HYPOPHYSIS [PITUITARY GLANDS S jomied af 4He base of he bia, attached fo the hypothalamus by a shea — DP Salk. Ly just below Corpus Callasum—» conirols dhe ‘oo G has-two) lobes Li link between endocrine Exnervoufunciicns oF hypo. ty ¢, 1. Anterior Jobes (adlenchy pophisles™ = hypethaiwwus yg 2, Posterior lobes Creurchypophykis ) 7 HORMONES OF ANTERIOR Lopes nerve Fibres = TSHGhyroidl stimulating hormones) — anieviee } ~ GH (growth hormone | sh | gmaicragnie * ‘ete m FSH (folicle-stimutating hortnene ) ‘ponisis ~LH (lutenising hormone ) ~ Prolactin HORMONES OF POSTERIOR LOBES = ADH (antidiwretic hormone) = Oxytoun we Powered by (9 CamScannerbody cre” WGRMONES OF ANTERIOR LOBES —TSH— stimulates the thyroid jo secrete thyroxin, GROWTH HORMONE — Sey, pun G promaies the glamth of the skeleion anc muscles by stimulating the Symahesis oF proveins« to blood PWARFISM> under -stcretion of praw#h hormone in childeen doer not reach sein maturity. CIGANTISM > over-feuretien oF OH > wnor in hypophysis. ACROMEGALY > aver-setretion of GH in aelutis (oones of face & fees shands +) — im- simulates the development of primary follives in y uu Simulates ine development oF primary in ge female ovary into Soin males - stimulales the tells oF Leydig, in feskes, 10 produce testosterone, PROLACTIN / Stimulates 4he mammary glands to produce milk aAér bien of baby» HORMONES OF THE POSTERIOR LOBES Rar ANISM WRIRIE [Sod oy hypin we fame ae i fs franspuned 40 posterior lobe of hypophysis vin nevrons for Storage. a Yolume oF YO in bite J csmareteptars in hypothalamus aed change & HHimulake nevians thai eoanech hypelclamus 49" nypephysir 's neurons sirnuloie posterior Isbe of hypophysis io release stored ADH. Ly ADW conitals reabsoiplion of ¥,0 -walls of rena) tubul & collect ducis permeable yo wale- THO. absorbed 4 exceted in vine .: ADK helps conserve ADH in badly eon ee Redback mechautisin | asor ‘sproduced. in hypo thalamus released by posterior lobe of hypophysis. \° ‘ols the Gcauses contracions + birth process y ons’ OF HYPO & contraction’ oF eeUE siimulaie hypophysis fo release more ovytocin. ithaleons” ty positive Feedback continues unt baby if barn, ves REIDY : Le cansists of 2 lobes located on either side of trachea , just below loynx* wor ‘by produces Ey secretes Fhyratin. ~vacreases baral meiaboli¢ rake increases breathing rote & heart rate = eatemtial for nofmnl growth € organ development. = essential for normal {uncioning of nervous system. THYROID DISORDERS. Grane As ebrential tor production oF shyroxin shoreage oF ledine. tan tause your thyroid to enlarge oka simple quit’ =a i n L ‘OVER-SECRETION OF THYROIN | CHVPERTAYROH| UNDER-SECTRENIOA of THYROKIN [ity BOTHYROVIND = increases melnbolic rae Ll causes 0 very low metabolism weight loss BE) SYDEEN cen r increased hear rove y respiration S etn: doesn i rpogmally , ental ete oad pres pours ONG tnd smut mete ~ increased irrotbil ‘y myy oedema : menial ysieal "J Tecate WAG" eae Sn Powered by (9 CamScanner{ HVROXIN LEveLS IN THE BLOOD 7 CONTAGL OF T Lnegaitve Redback mecht els. J Gngaiive Redboe! mechanism Control, thyroxin blood lev | eee levelg in ae blood dr0ps ~ ypophysis secrets mae TSH Seah imatees thyroid 36 See mae Inyroiin +: Anyrovin ‘load eel |-thyrosin tnvels t above normal, TSH secretion ic inhibved. | > Iojvetedl TSH levels =. Ahyyorin production. | wort_ TSH less thytovin 5 IO PAYSTS noi Tayrona "CE ess TSH mo 2 Panewens) < pancreatic cells (exocrine) reach — \smade up of 2 types of cells: — islets of Langerhans Cendeerine celts) pancreatic cells ts secitie pancreatic juiee into pancreanit duttoleads to duadenui. Help with gs t) chemical Aigestion, 7 Islets OF Langerhans 1 & secrete hotmenes direcily into bloodstream Cendtoerine function into HORMONES OF PANCREAS ie. Hae Qlppo Cells “isles of Langerhans have 2 types of eels yee elle Alpha cells preduee the hormane glucagon, bela Cells produce dhe hormone insulin INSULIN — ‘+ secreed hen the blood glucose level rise andl sleviense the glucose Ievti = GLUCAGON — re ‘secreted when blovd glucose level drop and increase the Glucose level. CONTRGL OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOGD —egative Reclback mechanism *lucore tone. in blood 4 véter las oF emt, la celle dekecr t and insulin inte bleadste vemeable 208 insulin inte bleadstrear Hain body INSULIN — Stimulaes absorption of qluase from Wood to body els» Ss shiuldl®s conversian oF glucose 49 glycogen ih tiver-cand muscles sblutore is removed fram blood = 4 in glucose conc. * 4m glucose conc. dewcred by beta ceils & insulin secretion « inhibited. —— s Glucare tone. in blood ¥ {bLUeacon - ‘9 sinus conversion of glycogen fo glucte in liver. fonyny * Lier veleater giucest in blood’. “t glucase tone. in blood, 21 im gluate cone. deeded by alpha cls cand glucagon streticn ty inhibilee ‘alpha calls detect ¥ ond stage glucagen inte box DIABETES MELLITUS — o _--_ Smnelobah dvease characterised by hi Doehiemie eiseage sean be cured, 99H OWeoHe levels ia dood, When insulin iS alpsent [doesnt funcicn effectively -) in vaceused blood glucose Ivels Oka. HNPEROWEnekne SICUS '* 4he blood “body cells + enough glucase for cellolar esp. sna no energy for body fundie THEGINT gh ead gene Teas = (oie HO by amas «aydlie. TYPE 1 DIRBETES, Whe 2 Dingercs ye mena Gloss of insulin- producing beta cells im | © insulin resistance - od make insu moive] pronerens. Can he autoimmune, x yle| but body cells tant Ue I i efFectively, {ino ingulin produced \ liertyle divegce oral jpysical | injetions ie shia toad sugar |. soveriveight, Age; indetivity | innul, reiting Crercise balanced diets merdiicabian Powered by (3 CamScannercae cc (ne nes el ind vs seek fatty lot = Nguiaie by © or © Redback organic chemical messengers + hormones | Poe Ls geucle ditealy inie blecosveam > orgons | at adenohypophysis (anterior lobe) hypalhatamys > hy pep hys C blood vesretD i PAULUS neutohypophystt (posterior lobe) ” C neurons? | HORMONES OF ANTERIOR Loge (ADENGHYPOPHYSIS) TSH - in TSH Stimulates production of thy rx ala, Gn /CSTH > somaictrople. hormone’) > growth of skeleion smuscies — UBManey | ‘dev. Of primay follicle in oveihes — Graaflan follicle ~F54 atiivarer germinal epifheliumt hal produces sperm in the lesles. | La Stimulates” ovviafjon + dev. OF corpus luteum in yhe ovary: e@ 1a S nimulaite’ cellr cf Leydig in testes 10 prodice Sesresierone > Palactin - simulate mammay glands >» milk after bith of baby. HORMCNES OF POSTERIOR LOBE ( NEUROHYPOPHYSIS | ADH = ronarol AF water levels in the blocd ~ cémorecepiert of veers | soryiocin- contractions, for bith ; © Redback mechanism unit pith oF daly. ids (eretinitin) 2 SEGAPIS — hypony raditin adul# (myroemoa) _ Aovmares — ucagen ancreatt celle ipng Casenn) | )gbucote evel | PAR prwerens < fries af Lang erbans increare in blood gluccse level. E _— over canter 2. 2 fioreniay GLAND) > ~ inner macito steroid hormone eNat hormones; uldosievone—> regulates the jonie balance oF the tissue fluid, “, | adrenaline | Fight | Fight hewmoro |vasocenginicten> constricion oF blacd yeerele 1. Fey " ote TESS ene > estorievone (Leydig cls) 2 < war ies — progesterone (Corpus luteum) - Setrogen (atevelgping Falticles) 47 | GoNnDS) hoyeotlarit> maintaneac oF a censlan! interaa) ev: enV. in the body Cor a cell) val Powered by (9 CamScanner