CORDOVA PUBLIC COLLEGE

Gabi, Cordova Cebu

   

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM I

NAME: JUNGIL M. CASQUEJO COURSE, YR. AND SEC: BSIT-1C DATE COMPLETED: 11/27/2021

I. Activity:

1. DISCUSS here the Ten Earthquake Intensity Scale (for 20 points)

• Intensity I - Scarcely Perceptible

Perceptible to people under favorable circumstances. Delicately balanced objects are disturbed slightly. Still
Water in containers oscillates slowly.
• Intensity II- Slight Felt
Felt by few individuals at rest indoors. Hanging objects swing slightly. Still Water in containers oscillates
noticeably.
• Intensity III – Weak
Felt by many people indoors especially in upper floors of buildings. Vibration is felt like one passing of a light
truck. Dizziness and nausea are experienced by some people. Hanging objects swing moderately. Still water in
containers oscillates moderately.
• Intensity IV - Moderately Strong
Felt generally by people indoors and by some people outdoors. Light sleepers are awakened. Vibration is felt
like a passing of heavy truck. Hanging objects swing considerably. Dinner, plates, glasses, windows and doors
rattle. Floors and walls of wood framed buildings creak. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Liquids in
containers are slightly disturbed. Water in containers oscillate strongly. Rumbling sound may sometimes be
heard.
• Intensity V – Strong
Generally felt by most people indoors and outdoors. Many sleeping people are awakened. Some are frightened,
some run outdoors. Strong shaking and rocking felt throughout building. Hanging objects swing violently. Dining
utensils clatter and clink; some are broken. Small, light and unstable objects may fall or overturn. Liquids spill from
filled open containers. Standing vehicles rock noticeably. Shaking of leaves and twigs of trees are noticeable.
• Intensity VI - Very Strong
Many people are frightened; many run outdoors. Some people lose their balance. motorists feel like driving in flat
tires. Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted. Small church bells may ring. Wall plaster may crack.
Very old or poorly built houses and man-made structures are slightly damaged though well-built structures are not
affected. Limited rockfalls and rolling boulders occur in hilly to mountainous areas and escarpments. Trees are
noticeably shaken.
• Intensity VII – Destructive
Most people are frightened and run outdoors. People find it difficult to stand in upper floors. Heavy objects and
furniture overturn or topple. Big church bells may ring. Old or poorly-built structures suffer considerable damage.
Some well-built structures are slightly damaged. Some cracks may appear on dikes, fish ponds, road surface, or
concrete hollow block walls. Limited liquefaction, lateral spreading and landslides are observed. Trees are shaken
strongly. (Liquefaction is a process by which loose saturated sand lose strength during an earthquake and behave
like liquid).
• Intensity VIII- Very Destructive
People are panicky. People find it difficult to stand even outdoors. Many well-built buildings are considerably
damaged. Concrete dikes and foundation of bridges are destroyed by ground settling or toppling. Railway tracks
are bent or broken. Tombstones may be displaced, twisted or overturned. Utility posts, towers and monuments
mat tilt or topple. Water and sewer pipes may be bent, twisted or broken. Liquefaction and lateral spreading cause
man- made structure to sink, tilt or topple. Numerous landslides and rockfalls occur in mountainous and hilly
areas. Boulders are thrown out from their positions particularly near the epicenter. Fissures and faults rapture may
be observed. Trees are violently shaken. Water splash or stop over dikes or banks of rivers.
• Intensity IX- Devastating
People are forcibly thrown to ground. Many cry and shake with fear. Most buildings are totally damaged. bridges
and elevated concrete structures are toppled or destroyed. Numerous utility posts, towers and monument are
tilted, toppled or broken. Water sewer pipes are bent, twisted or broken. Landslides and liquefaction with lateral
spreading and sand boils are widespread. the ground is distorted into undulations. Trees are shaken very violently
with some toppled or broken. Boulders are commonly thrown out. River water splashes violently on slops over
dikes and banks.
• Intensity X- Completely Devastating
Practically all man-made structures are destroyed. Massive landslides and liquefaction, large scale subsidence
and uplifting of land forms and many ground fissures are observed. Changes in river courses and destructive
seiches in large lakes occur. Many trees are toppled, broken and uprooted.

2. Define the ff.

  Seismograph
is a recording instrument used by the scientists to determine the strength and location of the
earthquake. It is equipped with sensors called SEISMOMETERS that can detect ground motions
caused by seismic waves.
 Seismogram
used to determine the location and magnitude of earthquakes. An earthquake's magnitude may be
considered to vary as a function of the amount of energy released at the rupture point.
 Seismometer
can detect ground motions caused by seismic waves.
 Seismic Waves
these are the vibrations that travel outward from the earthquake fault at speeds several times per sec.
 Seismic sea waves
a series of enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide,
volcanic eruption, or meteorite.
 Magnitude
 a number that characterizes the relative size of an earthquake. Magnitude is based on measurement
of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph.
 Intensity
the strength of earthquake based on the effects a person experiences during an earthquake, and on
the damage it caused
 Epicenter
The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the hypocenter (or focus), point in the
crust where a seismic rupture begins.
 Aftershock
are smaller earthquakes that occur in the same general area during the days to years following a
larger event or "mainshock." They occur within 1-2 fault lengths away and during the period of time
before the background seismicity level has resumed.
 Tsunami
A tsunami is an ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean,
volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, or by onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris
fall into the water.
 
II. Evaluation:

 Differentiate between Intensity and magnitude

Magnitude is a measure of earthquake size and remains unchanged with distance from
the earthquake. Intensity, however, describes the degree of shaking caused by an
earthquake at a given place and decreases with distance from the earthquake epicentre.