CHENDHURAN

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507

FABRICATION OF WIRELESS TYRE PRESSURE

MONITORING SYSTEM
PROJECT WORK 2021-2022
Done by

NAME REG NO

Report Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of

the “Diploma in Mechanical Engineering” of the
Directorate of technical education,
Government of TamilNadu

Under the Guidance of

Mr.K.KALIESHWARAN.,M.E.(LECTURER)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CHENDHURAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report titled

FABRICATION OF WIRELESS TYRE PRESSURE

MONITORING SYSTEM

is a bonafide record of work done by

Register Number: of the Department of

Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment for the Directorate of Technical

Education, Government of Tamilnadu during the academic year 2019-2020

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr.K.KALIESHWARAN., M.E., Dr.SG.SHELVARAJ, M.E, Ph.D.,

(LECTURER/MECH) HOD/MECH and PRINCIPAL

Submitted for the Board Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, we express our thanks to our esteemed chairman. Thiru AVM
SELVARAJ and beloved CEO Dr. AVM.S.KARTHICK B.E.,MBA., Ph.D for their
dynamic role and for elevation of our institution to greater heights by providing us with
all the infrastructure and other essential facilities.

Also we would like to extend our thanks to our principal & also HOD of
Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. S.G.SHELVARAJ M.E.,Ph.D for his
constant effort in helping us by providing the necessary equipment and materials that
were used to build the project.

Not the more formality but from the depth of our heart, we extend our sincere
thanks to our project guide Mr.K.KSLIESHWARAN M.E., lecturer in Department of
Mechanical Engineering for his valuable suggestions, motivation, and constant
support.

We are really indebted to our parents, faculty members and our friends for their
timely help, and for the mental and moral support. Along with their blessing of the
almighty, we will continue to feel the success.

We would like to submit our special thanks to our Department Staff Members
and Lab Instructors and other non teaching staff for their valuable suggestions to
improve the content and quality of the project.

We also exhibit our thanks to one and all who had constantly supported us
either directly or indirectly to complete in completing this project successfully.
 CONTENTS

Chapter no Title Page no

I Abstract 01

II Introduction 03

III Selection of Materials 24

IV Procedure of the Project 27

V Working Principle 31

VI Block Diagram 33

VII Cost Estimation 35

VIII Features 38

IX Conclusion 40

X References 42
CHAPTER I
ABSTRACT

1
 CHAPTER I
ABSTRACT

Safety in our road trips has always been a major issue as well as an attraction to
ambitious engineers. TPMS is one of such safety devices that provides with such safety
by reducing the possibility of accidents due to unsafe driving conditions caused by
mostly disastrous tire conditions. Tire Pressure Monitoring System – TPMS, because
the name suggests, monitors the tire pressure of a vehicles and displays the results on
the dashboard along with alerts in case of a deviation from the set or the desired or the
standard value. In this project we've tried to lower the value and make the device
versatile for the different kinds of vehicles and even in harsh environments. Our aim to
have a design of the TPMS that is viable to all kinds of vehicles with tires and one
which can be used as a unit in many industries and places where pressure measurement
is vital and needs continuous update of values in order to successfully keep track of the
so required values, which may be in vehicles of course, but also during or after the mass
manufacturing of tires by industries, so that the desirable amount of standard set of
values is met before the product is sold.

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 CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION

3
 CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION

Every year, many accidents occurred and for certain cases, accidents are caused by
under-inflated tyres. Underinflated tyres could promote to problems such as blowouts,
decreased tyre life, and handling. Due to this awareness of the importance of tyre
pressure, US government has introduced Transportation Recall Enhancement
Accountability and Documentation (TREAD) Act (www.nhtsa.gov, February 2010).
This act requires all passenger cars, van, and light trucks to include low tyre pressure
warning systems as standard equipment. The National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) oversees the TREAD Act and has expressed an interest in
extending the legislation to other types of vehicle. As a result, NHTSA established
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard which requires the installation of tyre pressure
monitoring systems (TPMSs) that warn the drivers when a tyre is significantly under-
inflated (25% of the right pressure). The significant of running the tyres at the specified
pressure helps provide proper vehicle handling (thus, reducing the chance of accident)
while avoiding premature tyre wear. The right pressure for a vehicle is well-stated on
the tyre information label or tyre placard located on a door edge or door jamb, or inside
the glove-box door. The label also lists maximum load and tyre size (including spare).
Underinflated tyres wear on the outsides of the tread. Also, the tyres flex excessively
which produces extra heat and more rapid wear. Over inflation causes the center of the
tread to wear. The tyre cannot flex normally and this puts stress on the sidewalls and
plies. It is not convenient to frequently check the tyre pressure using pressure gauge. For
long journey, tyre pressure may vary from time to time due to load, road irregularities,
and temperature. Hence, one could not possibly know the condition of the tyre and that
had caused many tyre blowouts especially for heavy trucks. Hence, TPMS is
introduced. TPMS is an electronic system that observes and monitors the air pressure.
Certain TPMS also monitors the temperature of the automobile tyre. The system alerts
the driver of the vehicle of the air pressure inside the tyres by displaying the real
4
pressure or just a warning light. Some of the car manufacturers already installed their
own TPMS on their vehicles.
The main explanation for day to day increase within the rate of road accidents are
tire inflammation due to low tire pressure. This technique is proposed to be for the
security measures of the tire pressure. Tire pressure monitoring system is a real time
electronic system which is employed to watch atmospheric pressure also as temperature
of the tire. It displays the atmospheric pressure on LCD panel or else if the level goes up
or down, buzzer starts, if its applicable.Main motive of this wireless tire pressure
monitoring system is to scale back car accidents monitoring durability of tire and
increase life cycle of tire. The system contains Arduino using embedded C
programming. Using [RFID] i.e., Radio frequency Identification wont to on the physical
interface of system. Hence, this system helps to decrease the accident and also ensures
long and secured lives. The tire pressure monitoring system can be considered to be
most viable and effective when wireless communication is used instead of extremely
entangled and wired communication systems, as they are more prone to heating and
damage. In paper , a wireless system for a TPMS has been discussed. Here, a
transreceiver circuit can be effectively used. One with good range will transmit and
receive the required details effectively. In paper, TPMS system has been thoroughly
discussed with extra applications like fuel detection. This increases the scope of the
system immensely. However the accuracy of the system to detect tire pressures and
temperature is extremely important and a direct system makes it accurate enough to give
us appropriate values.

5
 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

6
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

Loya Chandreshkumar describes in Indirect TPMS system is nothing but there is

no requirement of the physical pressure sensors but instead of that here in this indirect
TPMS the measurement of an air pressure is done by monitoring the individual wheel
rotation speeds. The 1st generation of an TPMS system is basically depends on the
particular principle; that means under-inflated tyres consist the smaller diameter than
the correctly inflated tyres.

V. L. Jogdand presents whereas in receiver section you receive the pressure along
with the temperature data that is being sent by the transmitter. It is extremely small in
size and light in weight. The receiver is operated at 5V. After receiving the data from
transmission module and demodulating it, receiver sends data to main chip
microcontroller through serial interfacing through hardware serial port, microcontroller
checkout first and compares it with data frame received before. After affirming the data
frame, system compares tyre ID with 4 IDs stored in the memory of the MCU for
making sure that which tyre the data frame comes from.

Ambarish G. Mohapatra presents Important aspect to be taken care of is the

particular Transmission as well the reception of sensor data that play very important
role in any TPMS system. The sensor data get transmitted to a central receiver unit with
a specific serial ID and displayed in an LCD driver. The transmission as well the
reception of data was done over ISM band at a frequency of 433.92MHz. The
transmitted data was arranged in a header of preamble, sensor ID and pressure data. The
display driver used was made by using a microchip PIC16F877A microcontroller and
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an LCD. The data encoding method used in this project is based on PWM format with
TE (basic pulse element) time of 400 s μ.

CHAPTER IV
SELECTION OF
MATERIALS

8
 CHAPTER IV
PROBLEM STATEMENT

A. Sieving of sand particles in construction, grain sorting in agriculture is done

manually and human effort is required.
B. After careful review of literature, it was found that no specific solution to separate
different sizes of grains are not available.
C. The Speed of Motor cannot be controlled so that can be set according to preference.
D. The waste which is not sorted in sieving remains in sieve after an operation it needs
to manually cleaned and remove.
E. Now days people always prefer the most suitable way to cut their cost and time.
Example in a construction where they have to finish the work before the due date. His
might be a problem. Since we have waiting long waiting for the good to arrive
F. However, sometime in big company there are high tech machine that can do this
work sieving any sub stand or mixture. But sometime in construction required a special
sieve machine that are comfortable and easy to use.
G. Traditional method gives low efficiency as it is operated manually but the automated
sand sieving machine have higher efficiency
H. Traditional method requires more labour.
I. Traditional method is more time consumed during the process of preparing the
concrete.
J. The cost of highly sophisticated machine is very high which is not affordable for
small scale foundries and low-level contractors.

9
CHAPTER V

COMPONENT

DESCRIPTION

10
 CHAPTER IV
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

Integrated Circuit
Atmega 168 This IC has a total of 32 registers which can be used general purpose
working. All these are connected to Arithmetic logic units and works on this arithmetic
logic unit. This IC is an eight bit microcontroller which works faster enough for this
system as required. This works on very low power consumption and works very fast in a
single clock cycle using very high frequencies. It has very high speed to power
consumption ratio which makes it perfect device for this system.

Force Sensor or Pressure Sensor

The BMP085 is a high precision digital pressure sensor for various applications. The
BMP085 is used because of its robustness, high accuracy and linearity as well as long
term stability and faster conversion time. The BMP085 is fully calibrated and can be
used directly because it does not require any external power supply.

Liquid Crystal Display (Lcd)

A LCD is an electronic display device used to display the pressure readings of the Tyre.
Here in this system a 16x2 LCD is used to show the Tyre pressure on the display. Here
it’s important to note that 16x2 means that it can display a total of 32 characters divided
in two lines where each line contains 16 characters. It also has 35 pixels of International
Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 896 display. Command and data
are the two registers of this LCD system. These registers are used to store the data and
display it whenever required.

RF
Transmitter The RF transmitter is used to transmit the pressure and temperature
readings from the sensors to the receiving unit. This transmitter is placed either inside
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the vehicle Tyre or outside. This RF transmitter works on very low voltages as 2-12
volts. 5.5 RF Receiver The RF Receiver used here is very small and light in weight and
works at low voltages. This receiver can receive the values of pressure and sensor which
are transmitted by the transmitter. The range of this receiver is 500ft but the receiving
range also depends on the range of the transmitter.

12
 CHAPTER V
REQUIREMENT OF DEVICE

13
 CHAPTER V
REQUIREMENT OF DEVICE

All tyres naturally lose air pressure due to leakage and seasonal temperature
changes. Some of the failures because of improper tyre pressure are
• Tyre Failure
• Shorter Tyre Life
• Higher Fuel Consumption
• Minimized Vehicle safety
At present Era people are very busy and they can run continuously for achieving
their day to day goal. If such a system is present in their vehicles than they can manage
their day to day goals easily because if they were aware about the tyre pressure of the
vehicle they can drive without facing any trouble and inconvenience and which save
their precious time. These problems can be solved using Tyre pressure monitoring
system and this can provide comfort in driving. This system is so important that it will
become mandatory in all vehicles manufactured.

14
 CHAPTER VI
WORKING PRINCIPLE

15
 CHAPTER VI
WORKING PRINCIPLE

Pressure sensor is one type of transducer which is used to measure the air pressure in the
tyre. According to the air pressure it generates the voltage signals. Then corresponding
signal is given to the amplifier. Here the control unit is the flash type reprogrammable
microcontroller in which we have already programmed with objective. The control unit
receives the signal from the amplifier and converts analog to digital format and it is
given to control unit. The control unit receives the value from ADC and it is displayed
in LCD and transmitted through encoder with RF transmitter. An encoder is
a device used to change a signal (such as a bit stream) or data into a code. The code
serves many number of purposes such as compressing information
for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or
translating from one code to another. Other side we have construct with decoder with
XBEE receiver and microcontroller. A decoder is a device which does the reverse of
an encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original information can be retrieved. The
same method used to encode is usually just reversed in order to decode. The control unit
receives the value from XBEE receiver and it is displayed in LCD display. Each tire has
its separate amplifier, control unit, and XBEE transmitter to measure the tire pressure.
Here the key is interfaced with control unit with help of the keypad we have to input the
set value to control unit. The control unit compares the set pressure and input pressure if
it goes below the set limit then the alarm driver rings the alarm and indicates to the
driver about pressure level in the tyre.

16
 CHAPTER VII
BLOCK DIAGRAM

17
 CHAPTER VII
BLOCK DIAGRAM

18
CHAPTER VIII
FEATURES

19
 CHAPTER IX
FEATURES
ADVANTAGES

 Low Power Consumption

 We can effectively monitor the pressure rate
 Easy implementation
 Reduce major casualty
 Compensation with the in-tire temperature
 Accuracy

DISADVANTAGE
Implementation cost is high.

APPLICATION
This project is very useful in automobiles

20
 CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION

21
 CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION

In this project we are trying to build a device which helps to monitor the temperature
and pressure of the respective tires. This project contains combination of techniques to
implement a solution to measures time-to-time tire pressure and also provides required
data to the driver through LCD display. This system should be required necessary in the
vehicles. The system ensures measured tire pressure which is vital for preventing the
problems which were thanks to Under-inflated tires like road accident’s, etc.

22
CHAPTER XI
REFERENCES

23
 CHAPTER XI
REFERENCES

[1] Stephan van Zyl, Sam van Goethem, Stratis Kanarachos, Martin Rexeis, Stefan
Hausberger, Richard Smokers, Study on Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems, TNO-060-
DTM-2013-02025, 29 July 2013.
[2] ” Tire pressure monitoring system using wireless communication” Akshay
vishnoi,sanju rani,decksha singhal,ashish singh,kshitij singhal. Tire pressure monitoring
system using wireless communication.International journal of research project of
management studies(IJSRMS)volume issued to page No.105-111
[3] “Tire pressure monitoring system and fuel detection” the author prof. Gayatri
bokade, Loya chandrashekhar, Kumar Joshi,Pranav Chaudhry, hemraj Nutan maharastra
vidyapith, international journal of engineering and research application (IJERA) volume
3 issue 3
[4] Avinash D. Kale, Shubhada S. Thakare, Dr. D. S. Chaudhari, Wireless Tire Pressure
Monitoring System for Vehicles using SPI Protocol, International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 4, 89-91, June
20122.
[5] Loya Chandreshkumar, Joshi Pranav, Chaudhari Hemraj, Prof. Gayatri Bokade Tire
Pressure Monitoring System and Fuel Leak Detection, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 3,
May-Jun 2013, pp.345-348 345.
[6] “Tire pressure Monitoring system, Hilmi Bin Mohd Zahidi (university Malaysia
Pahang).
[7] “A survey on tire pressure monitoring system”: Prof. Manohar V. Wagh1,
Aishwarya Pawal 2, Surbhi Sharama3, Harshal Patil4 Assistant Professor, Department
of E&Tc Engineering, SIEM, Nashik (MH), India1 UG Scholars, Department of E&Tc
Engineering, SIEM, Nashik (MH), India2,3,4

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