THIS SERVICE MANUAL IS ISSUED IN ADOBE

ACROBAT FORMAT FOR EASE OF VIEWING

AND DISTRIBUTING AND CAN BE VIEWED
AND PRINTED AS REQUIRED.

A LIST OF CHAPTERS IS SHOWN ON THE

LEFT HAND SIDE OF THE SCREEN. CLICKING
ON AN ARROW WILL DISPLAY THE
CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTER. TO VIEW THE
REQUIRED CHAPTER OR SECTION, CLICK ON
THE TEXT OF THE REQUIRED HEADING.

THE LIST CAN BE HIDDEN BY CLICKING THE

LEFT ICON ON THE TOOLBAR AND WILL BE
DISPLAYED BY CLICKING ON THE SECOND
TO LEFT ICON.

TO MOVE THROUGH THE MANUAL, USE THE

SCROLLBAR OR THE SINGLE ARROWS IN THE
TOOLBAR (PAGE UP AND PAGE DOWN). THE
DOUBLE ARROWS ON THE TOOLBAR MOVE
TO THE FIRST AND LAST PAGES.
THE PAGE CAN BE ZOOMED IN BY CLICKING
ON THE MAGNIFYING GLASS IN THE
TOOLBAR. THIS TOOL WILL ALSO ZOOM OUT
(e.g. WHEN VIEWING CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS) IF
THE CTRL KEY IS PRESSED WHEN CLICKING
ON THE PAGE.

THE PAGE WILL BE EXPANDED IF THE RIGHT

PAGE LAYOUT ICON IS CLICKED JUST TO THE
LEFT OF THE SEARCH BINOCULARS ICON.
THE FULL PAGE WILL BE DISPLAYED IF THE
MIDDLE PAGE ICON IS CLICKED.

SOME OF THE TEXT IN THE MANUAL IS

COLOURED:- CLICKING ON BLUE TEXT WILL
MOVE TO A LOCATION IN THE SAME
CHAPTER AND CLICKING ON RED TEXT WILL
MOVE TO A LOCATION IN A DIFFERENT
CHAPTER.

TO RETURN TO THE ORIGINAL POSITION

AFTER MOVING THROUGH A LINK, CLICK
THE RIGHT MOUSE BUTTON THEN SELECT
GO BACK.

THIS PROCEDURE WILL ALWAYS MOVE BACK

THROUGH THE SCREENS EVEN THOUGH A
LINK WAS NOT USED.
 .

LR Series & LS 500 Material Testing Machine

USER MANUAL

Version 5.1
May 1998

© LLOYD INSTRUMENTS LTD 1998

LLOYD INSTRUMENTS LTD
Forum House
12 Barnes Wallis Road
Segensworth East
Fareham
Hants
PO15 5TT

Tel: +44 (0) 1489 574221

Fax: +44 (0) 1489 885118
Tlx: 477042 JAY JAY G

MAY 1998
Part No 01/1934
Version 5.1 - LR SERIES MARK IV
and LS500
 International Symbols
Caution! Refer to this manual before using your
MATERIAL TESTING MACHINE

CAUTION

HIGH FORCES ARE OFTEN INVOLVED WITH THE

MATERIAL TESTING PROCESSES.

THE MACHINE IS POWERED BY MAINS SUPPLY VOLTAGE

TO MAINTAIN ALL ASPECTS OF THE SPECIFICATION,

ONLY LLOYD INSTRUMENTS APPROVED ACCESSORIES
CONNECTIONS AND COMPONENTS SHOULD BE USED

ALL SPECIFIED SAFETY PROCEDURES SHOULD BE

STRICTLY ADHERED TO.

READ THIS MANUAL BEFORE USING THE LR/LS Series

MATERIAL TESTING MACHINE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1

2.0 SAFETY ............................................................................. 2

3.0 INSTALLATION ................................................................ 3

3.1 Unpacking..................................................................... 3
3.2 Siting your machine ...................................................... 3
3.3 Lifting with a Pallet ....................................................... 4
3.4 Lifting with Eyebolts ..................................................... 5
3.5 Lifting with Straps......................................................... 6
3.6 Lifting with a Forklift .................................................... 7
3.7 Fitting Base Covers to LR100K - 150K Machines ......... 8
3.8 Fitting and Moving the Console.................................... 8
3.9 Voltage Selection and Connection................................ 10
3.10 Other Connections....................................................... 11
3.11 On-Off Switch .............................................................. 11
3.12 Safe Line ....................................................................... 11

4.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY ............................................................ 12

5.0. MACHINE SETUP ............................................................. 14

5.1 Control Panel Description............................................ 14
5.2 Machine Status Indicator .............................................. 15
5.3 Operator Controls ....................................................... 16

6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE ........................................................... 18

6.1 Start Up Message.......................................................... 18
6.2 Operator Access Code................................................. 18
6.3 Local/Remote Operation .............................................. 20
6.4 Set Load Range ............................................................. 20
6.5 Set Extension Range ..................................................... 21
6.6 Set Test Speed.............................................................. 22
6.7 Display Test Options.................................................... 23
6.8 Test Type ..................................................................... 23
6.9 Load Units .................................................................... 23
6.10 Extension Units............................................................. 24
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

6.11 Pre-Load....................................................................... 24
6.12 Upper Movement Limits .............................................. 24
6.13 Auto Return.................................................................. 25
6.14 Auto Zero .................................................................... 25
6.15 Break Detector ............................................................ 26
6.16 Printer (T5130L -Optional) .......................................... 27
6.17 Hold Peak..................................................................... 27
6.18 Jog Speed Select ........................................................... 27
6.19 External Extensometers ............................................... 28
6.20 Changing Options......................................................... 28
6.21 Clearing the Non-volatile Memory .............................. 29
6.22 Setting Different Display Languages ............................. 29

7.0 OPERATIONAL PRECAUTIONS...................................... 30

7.1 Safety ............................................................................ 30
7.2 Emergency Stop ............................................................ 32
7.3 Safe Line........................................................................ 32
7.4 Machine Safety Shields .................................................. 32
7.5 Lower Anchor Pin Adjustment...................................... 33

8.0 PERFORMING A TEST...................................................... 34

8.1 Hardware Limit Stop..................................................... 34
8.2 Entering the Ready Mode.............................................. 34
8.3 The Ready Mode........................................................... 35
8.4 Setting the Crosshead ................................................... 35
8.5 Test Parameters............................................................ 36
8.6 Starting a Test ............................................................... 38
8.7 Error Conditions ........................................................... 38

9.0 LOAD CELLS ..................................................................... 39

10.0 DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE......................................... 42

11.0 PL3/A148 X-Y PLOTTER................................................... 43

11.1 A148 Tensile Testing Interface for the PL3................... 43
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

APPENDIX A: SPECIFICATIONS ................................................. 44

APPENDIX B RS232 CONNECTIONS ......................................... 53

APPENDIX C: ERROR MESSAGES ............................................... 54

 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Welcome to your new Lloyd Instruments LR/LS Series materials

testing machine. It is one of a range of very versatile and
comprehensive materials testing machines which can be used as a
stand-alone machine or can be linked to a remote computer and data
analysis software. All machines include an RS232 computer
interface as standard. Your machine is a very flexible and
sophisticated instrument. It has been designed to meet the needs of
both the research engineer and the quality assurance department, as
well as other general applications.

The power of your materials testing system is increased dramatically

when your machine is used with Lloyd Instruments data analysis and
applications software, which gives access to many more powerful
features of your LR Series machine including cycling, constant load,
creep testing, constant load rate and constant strain rate. The
machine itself provides comprehensive facilities for both tensile and
compressive testing over very wide load and speed ranges.

Data output in local mode is via a liquid crystal display. When used
with Lloyd Instruments applications software in remote mode, data
output is both to a VDU (monochrome or colour graphics) and also
to a printer. When using a remote computer, Lloyd Instruments data
analysis software packages can be used to give plastics, metals, tear
and peel, foams, springs and other general testing standards.

Software packages such as NEXYGEN, WINRControl and Windap

are available. Contact Lloyd Instruments Sales Department on:

• Telephone number +44 (0) 1489 574221

• or Fax +44 (0) 1489 885118

• or Email general@lloyd_instruments.com.uk

for advice on which package will meet all your requirements.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 2.0 SAFETY

Materials testing machines are very safe to use providing the

instructions presented in this manual are followed precisely. We
would draw your attention to both Electrical Safety on page 12 and
Operational Precautions : Safety on page 30

WARNING! Materials testing machines are potentially dangerous.

Persons operating this machine must be fully trained and be
technically competent.

Transparent splinter shields are available as an option to enclose the

test sample if there is any danger of samples shattering as a result of
the test. These shields have an electronic interlock such that the test
cannot be started until the door of the hinged shield is closed. While
not mandatory for many applications and countries, Lloyd
Instruments strongly recommend that users consider fitting this
option.

2 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 3.0 INSTALLATION

3.1 UNPACKING

All packing material should be carefully removed from the testing

machine and a careful visual inspection should be made to ensure
that there is no obvious transit damage. The following items should
be in this package:

Control module (with brackets and fixing screws)

Power input cable
Software disk (if ordered)
RS232 cable
Adaptor RS232 25 way to 9 way (if required)
Load cell(s) (as per order)
Various grip adaptors
Various adaptor leads
Machine base cover panels (LR100K-300K only)

If there is any damage or there are any parts missing please report
this to your dealer or Lloyd Instruments without delay.

3.2 SITING YOUR MACHINE

A straining frame is a heavy item and great care should be taken in

choosing the location where it is to be installed. If it is to be bench
mounted you must ensure the bench is capable of withstanding the
weight of the machine and any accessories supplied. Machines
100kN and above may only be floor mounted. You should make
every effort to ensure that the machine is vertical, whether bench or
floor mounted, since this may affect your results, particularly for very
low loads. It must be positioned such that the front of the machine
can be easily accessed and that THE EMERGENCY STOP
BUTTON IS NOT OBSTRUCTED IN ANY WAY. On the
LR100K-300K machines level the machine using the adjustable feet

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 3.0 INSTALLATION

Please ensure utmost care is taken when lifting your materials testing
machine as they can be extremely heavy. Lifting equipment should
be used as necessary. DO NOT use the console as a handle when
lifting. The recommended methods are described below.

3.3 LIFTING WITH A PALLET

On machines up to and including the LR50K, a pallet may be fitted

under the machine so that it may be lifted to the desired position
with a forklift or suitable lifting trolley. The LR100K to 300K have
enough ground clearance to be lifted by a forklift truck without a
pallet.

4 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 3.0 INSTALLATION

3.4 LIFTING WITH EYEBOLTS

Eyebolts are supplied with the LR100K, LR150K and LR300K.

Appropriate rope/lifting straps should be used to lift the machine.
Ensure that the rope/lifting straps and the lifting equipment are
capable of taking the full weight of the machine.

The LR100K to 300K may be lifted vertically or horizontally (before

the base unit covers and console are fitted) with straps fitted as
shown in the sketches below.

Fig. 1 Lifting Horizontally Fig. 2 Lifting Vertically

In the horizontal lifting mode one of the lifting straps/ropes should be

securely attached to the base unit main chassis frame and the other
to the appropriate eye bolt.

In the vertical lifting mode the lifting straps/ropes should be firmly

attached to both of the eye bolts.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 3.0 INSTALLATION

3.5 LIFTING WITH STRAPS

Lifting straps may be situated under the moving crosshead. Ensure

the crosshead is padded so that damage is not done to the paint
finish of the machine. The load cell amplifier cover should be
removed on LS500 and LR5-50K machines for this operation by
unscrewing the two screws on the front of the crosshead. This
method of lifting is not recommended for the LR100K-300K.

Figure 3 : Lifting with Straps

Note: Some machines will have cables connected to the front cover
of the crosshead. The connections should be noted so they
can be refitted after installation on the LS500 and LR5-50K
range. Care must be taken not to damage the load cell
amplifier behind this cover when fitting straps.

6 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 3.0 INSTALLATION

3.6 LIFTING WITH A FORKLIFT

An alternative method is the use of a fork lift truck with the forks
under the moving crosshead as shown below. Once again ensure the
crosshead is well padded to avoid damage on the LS500 and LR5-
50K range. The load cell amp cover should be removed for this
operation. This method of lifting is not recommended for the
LR100K-300K. CAUTION : AT NO TIME SHOULD THIS
MACHINE BE LIFTED BY PLACING HANDS UNDER THE
FRAME.

Figure 4 : Lifting with a Fork Lift

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 3.0 INSTALLATION

3.7 FITTING BASE COVERS TO LR100K-300K

MACHINES

When the LR100K/150K has been installed in the location where it is

to be used and has been levelled (by adjusting the four jackable feet),
the base covers should be fitted before connecting the machine to
the mains supply.

The two side covers (left and right sides) should be fitted first,
followed by the front and back covers. The fixing screws for the
covers are supplied in the accessory kit along with the plastic
blanking bungs. Remove the transit pin held in the side of the left
hand column by the red ribbon. Fit the blanking bungs to the
machine.

The LR300K machine has to be wired to a 3 phase supply before

fitting the covers, this is covered in section 3.9 Voltage Selection and
Connection.

3.8 FITTING AND MOVING THE CONSOLE

The console is fitted to the right side of the machine in one of three
positions on machines up to LR50K and one of two positions for the
LR100-300K. To connect the console to the machine:

1. On machines up to and including LR50K, carefully remove the

duct cover from behind the right column of the machine by
releasing the three, quarter turn screws and release the
ribbon cable, taking care not to drop or knock the ferrite
fitted around the 50 way ribbon cable. It is not necessary to
remove the duct cover on the LR100K-LR300K machines.

8 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 3.0 INSTALLATION

2. Adjust the backing plate by releasing the two pan head screws
from the slot in the side of the column and position it
centrally around one of the three cut-outs which relate to the
desired console position. The LR100K-LR300K have no
backing plate, the console screws directly to the column in
one of two positions available.

3. Open the console door and feed the cable through the hole
between the hinges. Position the ferrite core so that it will sit
in the cavity between the console and casting.

4. Place the cast bracket centrally over the backing plate with
the console vertical and facing forwards. Secure the casting
to the column with the two cap screws that were delivered
taped to the inside of the casting.

5. Plug the 50 way cable into the 50 way socket next to the
aperture in the console and the ten way ribbon into the
socket CN3 located on the daughter board. Pull any slack
cable back into the rear column and secure it with the cable
clamps.

6. Close the console door and secure it by tightening the two

screws at the rear. Replace the duct cover and secure with
the quarter-turn screws. Removal of the console is the
reverse of the above procedure. To move the console to a
new position use the above procedure.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 3.0 INSTALLATION

3.9 VOLTAGE SELECTION AND CONNECTION

The materials testing machine (up to and including the LR150K) can
be used with electricity supplies in the range of 230Vac ±10% or
115Vac ±10%. The power input cable connects into the rear or
side of the machine. Before switching on the machine you MUST
check the voltage selection which is shown on the mains input
connector. There are two voltage selections, i.e. 230V and 115V.
Ensure that the selection is correct for the voltage range of your
power supply. To change the voltage rating use a screwdriver to
open the voltage selector. The screwdriver should then be used to
move the elector from the 115V position to the 230V position as
appropriate.

Figure 5 : Voltage Selection

You MUST also check that the fuse rating is suitable for the supply
voltage that you are using. The fuses (live and neutral) are located
inside the power input connector. The fuse ratings for 230V and
115V are given in Appendix A : Machine Specifications.

10 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 3.0 INSTALLATION

The LR300K materials testing machine is HARD WIRED to a 3 phase

ac supply. The voltage equirement for the LR300K is 3 phase, 4
wire, 400Vac ±10%, 50-60Hz. The wiring connections to the mains
supply for the LR300K should only be carried out by a fully trained
electrician to the current standards of the country the machine is
being used in. As soon as the LR300K has been connected to the 3
phase supply the bottom cover panels (supplied in separate packing)
should be fitted. The fixing screws for the cover panels are supplied
in the accessory kit.

3.10 OTHER CONNECTIONS

Other connections may be required depending upon whether

extensometers, computers or plotters are to be used.

3.11 ON-OFF SWITCH

The power on/off switch is located at the front right hand side of the
machine. The switch is marked with O and l, O for OFF and l for
ON. An amber safety reset button is on the same panel.

3.12 SAFE LINE

On start up and after certain fault conditions, the safe line will trip
and the amber safe line switch will be illuminated. This button must
be depressed momentarily to continue.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 4.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

The LR/LS Series materials testing machines have been designed to

meet the requirements of BS EN 61010 -1 : 1993 Safety
requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and
laboratory use.

• The instruction manual contains some information and warnings

which MUST be followed by the user to ensure safe operation.

• The machine has been designed for indoor use at temperatures

of +5C to +35C in a non-condensing atmosphere.

Optional Inputs
Extensometer
Input ±1V
Extensometer
input ±10V Extensometer
Input
RS232 (Strain Gauge)
±10mV
PLOTTER O/P

POWER INPUT

Figure 6 : Interconnections - LS500/LR5-50K

• Before switching on the machine ensure that the correct mains

voltage has been selected.

• This machine complies with Electrical Safety Grade Class 1 which

means that it is an earthed apparatus and requires the mains plug
to contain a protective earth terminal. The mains plug must be
inserted in a socket with a protective earth contact. The
protective action must not be negated by use of an extension
cord without a protective conductor.

12 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 4.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

• The machine MUST be disconnected from all voltage sources

before it is opened for any adjustments, replacement,
maintenance or repair.

• Capacitors inside the machine may still be charged even if the

machine has been disconnected from all voltage sources.

• Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened machine

under voltage shall be avoided as far as possible and, if inevitable,
should be carried out only by a skilled person who is aware of the
hazard involved.

• Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of
the specified type are used for replacement. The use of
improvised fuses and the short-circuiting of fuse holders is
prohibited.

Extensometer input ±10mV

Extensometer input ±1V
Extensometer input ±10V
RS232
Recorder

MAINS IN

Figure 7 : Interconnections LR100K - LR300K

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 5.0 MACHINE SETUP

5.1 CONTROL PANEL DESCRIPTION

All machines in the range utilise a microprocessor based control

system. The unit uses a legible LCD to display setup information and
load and extension values. The user inputs information via a key
panel which is split into two sections. The upper section is used to
input setup data and the lower section is for the operating controls.
The machine is set up by answering simple questions as they appear
on the LCD. Each question can be either accepted, rejected or
changed by pressing the appropriate key. A description of each key
follows:

<A> This key is used to accept the answer to a question during

( Accept the setup. It is used in conjunction with the <B> and < C >
Option A ) keys.

<B> The key is used in conjunction with the A key if two options
( Accept are presented. In the READY mode it can be used to return
option B ) to the end of the setup mode. The setup parameter
displayed will be the last option before the READY mode was
entered. The JOG UP key can then be used to move
backwards through the setup parameters.

<C> The key is used to change a previously selected option or

( Change ) value.

<R> Pressing the <R>key will return you to the beginning of the
( Reset ) setup mode. For example, if you would like to change any of
the setup parameters, press the key and step through the
setup sequence by pressing the A key repeatedly until the
required parameter is reached. It can also be used to return
to computer control if Local has been selected from the
software main menu.

Numeric Key The numeric key pad is used to enter values of

Pad load/extension, speed etc during the test setup sequence.

14 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 5.0 MACHINE SETUP
5.1 CONTROL PANEL DESCRIPTION cont.

kN, N, mm, These keys are used after entering a numeric value. They are
mm/min, kgf, used to select the required units for Force, Extension and
lbf, in, in/min Speed. If an inappropriate unit selection is made a ? will
appear on the LCD and the user should press to cancel the
option and retry with appropriate units.

5.2 MACHINE STATUS INDICATORS

Figure 8 : Console

The control module has a panel of lights which show the current
status of the machine. These are as follows:

RUNNING This indicator will be illuminated when the test is actually in

progress.

MANUAL This indicator will be illuminated when the machine is in

Local Mode.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 5.0 MACHINE SETUP

REMOTE This indicator is illuminated when the testing machine is

under the control of a remote computer.

READY This indicator is illuminated when all of the test parameters

have been entered correctly and the testing machine is ready
to perform a test.

5.3 OPERATOR CONTROLS

The operator controls are found in the lower portion of the control
module. They are used to control the operation of the machine
while in Local Mode and are as follows:

GO The GO button is used to start a test. The test setup

sequence must have been completed before the GO button
is operative, i.e. the machine must be in the ready state.

STOP The STOP button is used to end a test if the machine does
not automatically stop the test or the user requires to abort
the test.

JOG These two keys allow the crosshead to be moved slowly into
(Up/Down) position when loading and removing samples. They are only
operative before a test and the crosshead will run at a user
pre-set jog speed which is one of the setup options. They
only operate when they are being pressed, i.e. momentary
action. During the setup mode the JOG UP key can be used
to reverse through the setup parameters.

16 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 5.0 MACHINE SETUP

FAST The FAST switches are only operative in Ready Mode. They
(Up/Down) allow the crosshead to be moved at maximum speed to any
desired position. They are useful when moving the crosshead
large distances in a short time. They are only operative when
they are being pressed, i.e. they have momentary action. It is
important to realise that this will result in the crosshead
moving at its highest speed and, therefore, it is essential to
ensure there are no obstructions. This should only be used
for moving large distances and not for final adjustment when
the grips are close together.

ZERO ∅ This button is used to zero the load and extension displays.
This is normally at the start of a test but can be used at any
time in the ready state. If Auto Zero was selected in the
setup routine the system will automatically be zeroed when
GO is pressed to start the test.

RETURN The return button is operative both during a test and in the
Ready Mode when used under local control. When pressed
the crosshead will return to the position when the zero button
was last pressed. The crosshead will move at maximum speed.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.1 START UP MESSAGE

When switching the power on, four messages will be displayed as

follows:

1. COMPANY NAME.

2. MACHINE TYPE AND LOAD CELL FITTED. At this point

the LCD will show the type of machine and the value of the
load cell fitted.

3. LOAD CELL CALIBRATION FACTOR. Used to verify

correct load cell calibration. Where available, load cell serial
number will also be displayed.

4. SOFTWARE VERSION NUMBER This message gives the

version number and this should be used in all correspondence
regarding the operation of your materials testing machine.

6.2 OPERATOR ACCESS CODE

The operator access code gives an option to restrict the use of your
materials testing system. This option will only be given when the
non-volatile RAM has been cleared. The LCD will display the
message shown below:

TO ESTABLISH OPEN ACCESS OPERATE A

If <A> is pressed at this point the console will move on to the next
option. However, if restricted access is required the user should
press <B> or <C> and the following message will appear:

18 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.2 OPERATOR ACCESS CODE cont.

SETUP NEW ACCESS CODE

The user can then enter a four number sequence of their choice and
should finish by pressing the <A> key. The LCD will then ask the
operator to confirm the access code with the following message:

TRY OUT NEW ACCESS CODE

The user must now repeat the four figure number followed by
<A> to accept. If the wrong number is input then an error
message:

WRONG ACCESS CODE

is given and this is repeated until the correct number is used. Once
this option has been selected, every time the machine is switched on
it will ask for the appropriate access code before moving to the next
option. The only way to remove this number is to perform a RAM
clear. This facility is designed to stop unauthorised or unqualified
personnel from using this equipment.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.3 LOCAL/ REMOTE OPERATION

The testing machine will give the prompt:

REMOTE B LOCAL A

If <A> is pressed local control is achieved, i.e. operation via the

console and the machine will proceed to the next phase. If <B> is
pressed remote operation is selected, i.e. computer control, the
console will then try to establish communications across the RS232
interface for thirty seconds, after which time, if communication is not
achieved, it will revert back to local control automatically. To
achieve an RS232 link between the testing machine and remote
computer you should have your LLOYD INSTRUMENTS software
package running on the PC and refer to the Software Operating
Manual and the Software Help. Ensure that all the necessary leads
are connected correctly - refer again to the Software Operating
Manual.

6.4 SET LOAD RANGE

This option is used to set the full scale load required and the prompt
is as shown:

LOAD RANGE 0 - 500N ACCEPT A/CHANGE C

The accept and change options shown at the end of the line alternate
every four seconds. To accept the suggested load range press the
<A> key. To change the load range press the <C> key. Having
pressed the <C> key, you must enter a numeric value which
represents the maximum load required. Once the value has been
input then a units key (<N>, <kN>, <Kgf> , <lbf> ) must be
pressed and this new value of load may be accepted by pressing
<A>. Until the <A> key has been pressed the value entered can
be removed by pressing the <C> key and a new value entered.

20 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.4 SET LOAD RANGE cont.

It is not possible to accept a value greater than the value of the load
cell fitted or the maximum capacity of the testing machine

The value that you enter will be rounded off to an appropriate figure
depending on the load cell value. The minimum value that can be
entered is 2% of the load cell value. The load reading is auto-ranging
in all modes of operation which means the tensile testing machine
will always give the maximum possible resolution. The purpose of
this option is to set up the full scale axis of a plotter (PL3) if one is in
use and stop the machine exceeding the chosen load limit. If the
load limit is reached during a test, an error message will be displayed
and the test will be terminated.

6.5 SET EXTENSION RANGE

This option is to set the full scale extension required and the prompt
is as shown below:

EXTENSION RANGE 1000MM ACCEPT A/CHANGE C

The accept and change options shown at the end of the display
alternate every four seconds. The resolution of the extension
reading is adjusted by this option automatically to give the maximum
resolution possible for the test. If the extension limit is reached
during a test, an error message will be displayed and the test will be
terminated. To accept the currently selected range press the <A>
key. To change the extension range press the <C> key. If the
<C> key is pressed the maximum extension will be cleared from
the display and a numeric value representing the new maximum
extension range should be entered.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.5 SET EXTENSION RANGE cont.

This number must be followed by an appropriate units key (mm or

in). This value may now be accepted by pressing the <A> key.
Until the <A> key is pressed the value entered may be cleared at
any time by pressing the <C> key. The maximum allowed
extension is 1000 mm (40 in) [1200mm (48in) for LR100K, 1100mm
(44in) for LR150K and 1300mm (52in) for LR300K].

6.6 SET TEST SPEED

This option is used to set the required test speed and the prompt is
as shown:

CROSSHEAD SPEED 10MM/MIN ACCEPT A/CHANGE C

The accept and change options shown at the end of the display
alternate every four seconds. If the <A> key is pressed, the
currently selected speed will be the new test speed. To change the
test speed, press the <C> key. The currently selected speed will
be cleared from the display and the new speed value can be entered.
The new speed value must be followed by the appropriate units key
(mm/min or in/min). The speed value can be changed at any time by
pressing the <C> key and finally accepted by pressing the <A>
key.

22 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.7 DISPLAY TEST OPTIONS

This option gives the operator the choice of looking at further test
parameters or accepting all parameters and moving on to the ready
state. The prompt given is:

DISPLAY OPTIONS B ACCEPT OPTIONS A

If <A> is pressed the machine will move to the ready state to

perform a test. However, if <B> is selected it will move on to the
next phase of the setup.

6.8 TEST TYPE

This option prompts for the type of test required. The options
available are tension, i.e. the crosshead will move in an upward
direction, or compression, i.e. the crosshead will move in a
downward direction. The options may be selected by pressing the
<A> or <B> keys as appropriate.

6.9 LOAD UNITS

This option allows the user to select whether load or stress is

displayed. If stress is selected, the load value will be displayed in
MPa or PSI depending on whether the sample area is entered in mm2
or inches2. Before entering the Ready Mode, the sample area must
also be entered to enable the calculation of stress to be made. This
must be entered in mm2 or inches2. To enter the sample area in
mm2, type in the value required and press the mm key. For inches2
press the inches key. When in the Ready Mode the sample area can
be changed by pressing either the mm or inches key. When pressed
the display will prompt the user to accept the previous value or to
type in a new sample area. When the entered value is accepted, the
system returns to the Ready Mode and the display is updated to
show stress readings calculated using the new sample area.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.10 EXTENSION UNITS

This option allows the operator to select the required extension

units that are to be displayed. If you have previously entered the
maximum extension range in metric units (mm) you will be
prompted for the extension to be displayed in mm or % strain.

Alternatively, if you previously entered the maximum extension

range in imperial units (in) you will be prompted for the extension to
be displayed in inches or % strain. If the % strain option is taken a
further message will be given to select the gauge length in either mm
or ins. The extension displayed will then be a percentage of gauge
length.

6.11 PRELOAD

This option gives the user the choice of whether a preload should be
applied or not. If a preload is applied, the user will be prompted to
enter a preload value. During the test, when the load value reaches
the preload value set, the extension reading is zeroed. The user may
specify that the load reading is also zeroed.

6.12 UPPER MOVEMENT LIMITS

It is possible to enter either a tension or compression movement

limit depending on the type of test set. When this limit is reached
during a test the test will be terminated in the same way as if the
stop key had been operated or if a sample break had been detected.
The crosshead will remain stationary or return to zero if the
automatic return is selected. The value entered cannot be greater
than the extension range selected. The main purpose of this option
is to allow the user to do an automatic return before the sample
breaks.

24 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.13 AUTO RETURN (SEE ALSO BREAK DETECTOR,

PAGE 26)

This option allows the crosshead to return to its original position

automatically after sample break if option selected or when the test
terminates. If rigid specimens are being tested in tension it is
suggested that Auto Return should NOT be used as the ends of the
broken specimen will possibly crunch together. We recommend
that when the crosshead stops, remove the upper half of the
specimen and then press <RETURN> manually.

6.14 AUTO ZERO

This option allows the user to automatically zero load and extension
when the test is started, i.e. when <GO> is pressed. If conducting
large batches of samples it is recommended that this option is set to
manual. The reason for this is that on any mechanical system there
will always be a finite error on return. With auto zero selected,
every time <GO> is keyed the error will be zeroed and this error
will gradually compound and may be significant if testing batches in
excess of 100 samples. With Manual Zero selected the error will
never be worse than the resolution of the machines measuring
specification (normally better than 3 microns on LR machines).

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.15 BREAK DETECTOR

This option allows the Internal Break Detector to be switched on or

off. If the break detector is switched on, the Detector crosshead will
stop moving when the load measuring system detects a sample
break, i.e. a sudden drop in load. The sensitivity of the break
detector can be set in two ways, i.e. Automatic or Manual - press A
or key to select your required option:

1. AUTOMATIC

If Automatic is selected the break detector will start when the

load reaches 4% of the load range. A break will be detected
when the load drops to 2% of the load range or when the
software detects 3 consecutive drops of 7% of the maximum
load value detected. If 3 consecutive drops are detected the
break point is taken as the start of the first 7% drop. The load
is sampled every 50msec.

2. MANUAL

If manual is selected you will be prompted to enter a value for

the break sensitivity as follows:

% BREAK OF PEAK (3 - 97%) 30% ACCEPT A

The break sensitivity is defined as the percentage of peak

load. The peak value of load is continually updated
throughout the test and the break will be detected when the
actual load value drops below this percentage of peak load.
For example, if the load range was 100N but the peak load of
the test was 50N with a % break of peak set to 90%, the test
would terminate at a load of 45N, i.e. a drop in load of 10%.

26 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.16 PRINTER (T5130L OPTIONAL)

The control module will automatically detect the presence of the

optional printer. If a printer is fitted, the testing machine will prompt
you for the printing of test results or no printing. If the printing of
test results is selected you will be further prompted for the printing
of extension at peak load and at break and for the printing of peak
load or load at break. You will then be prompted to select either a
batch ticket or a ticket at the end of each test. Before proceeding to
the Ready Mode you will be prompted to enter the date, batch
number and a reference number which will be printed on the test
ticket. The printer is connected to the RS232 socket on the control
console. No printer message will be displayed if the printer is not
connected.

6.17 HOLD PEAK

The load and extension displays will normally follow the actual values
whether they increase or decrease. It is possible to hold and display
peak values during a test by selecting this option. If you choose to
hold the peak load you will be further prompted to hold either the
extension at maximum load or the extension at sample break. You
will also be prompted to hold either maximum load or load at break.
The maximum or break load and extension readings will be held
after a successful test until a key is pressed. The machine will then
return to the Ready Mode for the start of a new test.

6.18 JOG SPEED SELECT

This option prompts the user to select a speed for the Jog/Inching
buttons. This will be used when setting up a sample or loading grips
and the speed required will vary depending on the type of sample
under test. The jog speed can be set in integer values between 2 and
100mm/min.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.19 EXTERNAL EXTENSOMETER

It is possible to either use the internal crosshead displacement

transducer or an external extensometer if required. The control
module will give you the option to select either internal or external
extensometer. If you choose to use the internal extensometer the
machine will proceed to the Ready Mode. If you choose to use an
external extensometer you will be prompted for an extensometer
scaling factor. This factor is the full scale extension of the
extensometer which gives 10V input to the materials testing
machine. Please note that an adaptor lead 09-0382 will be required
when using a TTOX infrared extensometer.

6.20 CHANGING OPTIONS

The above test sequences can now be repeated by pressing the

<R> key if you are unhappy with any of your choices. In order to
simplify the setting of test options the accept key will be tagged to
the last selected option, e.g. if the machine was set to external
extensometer, and the last time you went through the setup
sequence you selected the internal extensometer the next time
through the setup sequence the internal extensometer will be
selected using the <A> key. This makes it very easy to step
through the setup sequence by only pressing the <A> key until
you reach the option that you would like to change. This feature can
also be used to quickly step through the options if you want to check
which options you have selected. To reverse through the options list
whilst still displaying another setup option, press the JOG UP key.
This is useful if you accidentally passed the option you were looking
for when pressing the <A> key. From the ready mode, pressing
<B> will jump to the last setup option entered. Pressing the JOG
UP key will then reverse through the previously entered options list.

28 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 6.0 SETUP SEQUENCE

6.21 CLEARING THE NON-VOLATILE MEMORY

The control console contains a battery-backed static memory. This

memory is used to store machine setup parameters and options
when the power has been switched off. The parameters for the last
test performed prior to shut off will therefore be re-displayed when
the machine is turned on again. One of the options stored in the
memory is the operator access code. A new access code can only
be entered after the memory has been cleared. The memory can be
cleared by removing the connector to the load cell before switching
on. When the machine is now powered up it will check to see if the
load cell is connected and, if not, the memory will be cleared.
Pressing the C key during power up while the Lloyd Instruments sign
on message is displayed, will also cause the internal RAM to be
cleared. This will be confirmed by the message:- “To establish open
access operate A”.

6.22 SETTING DIFFERENT DISPLAY LANGUAGES

Your LR/LS Series machine will have been delivered with the
language appropriate for your country pre-installed. If, for any
reason, you wish the machine to operate in a different international
language, open the console (as described earlier) and refer to the
DIP switch setting label inside.

Set the DIP switch as per the label for the language of your choice.
The languages available are American, Danish, English, French,
German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 7.0 OPERATIONAL
PRECAUTIONS

7.1 SAFETY

Lloyd Instruments materials testing machines are inherently safe if

used properly. Operators must be made aware that:

1. High physical forces are involved.

2. Samples under test may shatter.

3. Electrical power supplies are involved.

4. The following must ALWAYS be brought to the attention of

any operator before they are allowed to use the machine.
Hands, fingers and other parts of the body must at all times
be kept well away from the moving crosshead. Operators
should be particularly careful when moving the crosshead to
insert test samples, to ensure that no part of the hand could
be accidentally compressed as the crosshead and grips are
jogged into position.

5. NEVER drive the machine from a computer when anyone

else is working on or near the straining frame.

6. If there is any danger that liquids may be spilt during tests,

operators must use a drip tray (which is available from Lloyd
Instruments) to guard against the possibility of any spillage
entering the machine and giving rise to electrical or other
hazards.

7. Take extra care when operating in compression mode where

specimens may burst, shatter or fly out from between the
platens. Operators should STAND CLEAR during testing.
Safety shields are available.

30 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 7.0 OPERATIONAL
PRECAUTIONS

7.1 SAFETY cont.

8. All operators must receive adequate training in basic

operation before being allowed to use the machine.
Additional copies of this manual are available from Lloyd
Instruments.

9. Operators must ensure that the emergency stop button is

never obstructed.

10. Operators must ensure that the machine is regularly serviced

and calibrated by Lloyd Instruments or one of their
accredited service dealers.

11. To maintain EMC compatibility, the machine should only be

used as prescribed in this manual. Connecting cables, plugs
and sockets should be inspected regularly. Cables damaged
or worn in any way should not be used. Accessories and
accessory connecting leads if suspect, should be replaced
only with a Lloyd Instruments approved replacement. Failure
to observe this may cause your machine to infringe the EMC
legal requirements.

12. Never attempt any form of repair without disconnecting the

mains electrical supply.

13. Never attempt to test any samples with a type of grip or

other accessory which is not designed for that particular test,
or to use grips or the machine for tests in excess of the
stated load limits. A comprehensive range of alternative
grips, together with an applications advisory service, is
available from Lloyd Instruments and its accredited dealers.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 7.0 OPERATIONAL
PRECAUTIONS

7.2 EMERGENCY STOP

If for any reason the machine needs to be stopped without delay or

isolated from the mains, an emergency stop mushroom is provided.
This switch will isolate the machine from the electricity supply. It
can be released by turning a quarter of a turn anti-clockwise. The
machine will then restart if the on/off switch is already on.

7.3 SAFE LINE

LR/LS Series machines are fitted with a safe line system which has to
be re-set on switch on. The safe line disconnects the power to the
motor and applies the brake. The safe line consists of a chain of
hazard fault switches arranged so that if any one is open (fault
condition) it is not possible to reset the safe line. The message Error
31 - Safe Line Open is displayed. Each error in the safe line chain
must be cleared before the safe line can be reset. The safe line is
then reset by pressing the illuminated orange reset button. Refer to
Appendix D for more information on error conditions.

7.4 MACHINE SAFETY SHIELDS

Transparent safety shields are available as an option to enclose the

test sample if there is any danger of samples shattering as a result of
the test. These shields have an electronic interlock such that the test
cannot be started until the door of the hinged shield is closed. While
not mandatory for many applications and countries, Lloyd
Instruments strongly recommend that users consider fitting this
optional item.

32 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 7.0 OPERATIONAL
PRECAUTIONS

7.5 LOWER ANCHOR PIN ADJUSTMENT

The Lower Anchor Pin has two locking collars, one to lock it in
position in the lower (fixed) crosshead and the other to screw up to
lock the bottom grip / fixture firmly in position.

When the grips or test fixtures have been fitted to the loadcell and
bottom anchor pin, carefully align the top and bottom grips or test
fixtures. Turn the bottom collar clockwise until it is locked against
the lower crosshead in the position required.

Extreme care must be taken when manoeuvring the crosshead,

particular when low force load cells are being used as they can easily
be damaged even at moderate speeds. As an additional precaution
during compression testing the lower crosshead limit should be set
so that the compression plates cannot come together either during
or after a test.

Screw the bottom collar Lower Anchor Pin

clockwise until it is flush with
the base plate and locks the Upper Collar for locking
Lower Anchor Pin in position grips / fixtures in place.

Figure 9 : Lower Anchor Pin Locking Collars

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 8.0 PERFORMING A TEST

8.1 HARDWARE LIMIT STOP

Depending on model, machines are fitted with either one or two

mechanically activated limit stops. These can be used as extra
protection to stop load cells/grips coming into contact. Where two
are fitted, the upper one can be used to back up the software limit.
Crossing a hardware limit stop will result in the machine stopping.
You will only be able to move the crosshead away from the stop by
reversing its direction. On the LR100K-LR300K this will have
activated the safe line protection and will require the limit to be
cleared and the safe line to be reset using the amber reset button.
To clear the action of the limit stops on the LR100K-LR300K,
remove the RED FILLER piece and move the stop away from the
crosshead stop position. Jog the crosshead up or down as
appropriate away from the limit stop position. When clear,
IMMEDIATELY refit the RED FILLER piece. Reset the limit stop.

8.2 ENTERING THE READY MODE

The user can enter the Ready Mode in one of two ways as follows:

1. The Ready Mode is automatically selected if the four basic

machine parameters have been entered and accept options is
selected. The four basic machine parameters are:

• Local/Remote operation
• Load range
• Extension range
• Test speed

2. The Ready Mode will also be automatically selected when all

set up options have been viewed. The control console
contains a battery backed up memory so that the previous
test options will always be

34 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 8.0 PERFORMING A TEST

remembered even if the machine has been switched off. The user
can simply accept the previous options if the machine is being used
for the same test or modify the options to set a new test. The
console display will always show the last selected option on the right
side of the display, i.e. option A where two options are given and,
therefore, the user can simply proceed with their original parameters
by continually pressing the A key until the Ready Mode is reached.

8.3 THE READY MODE

Once the user has entered the Ready Mode the ready status
indicator will illuminate indicating that the machine is ready to
perform a test. In this mode the LCD will alternate between three
messages which are as follows: LOAD 0.00N EXTENSION 50.0mm,
OPERATE [GO] for Tension Test, OPERATE [R] to change test
conditions.

Each of these messages will be displayed in rotation at four second

intervals. Pressing any key on the console will always return the
LCD to the load and extension display

8.4 SETTING THE CROSSHEAD

The main purpose of the Ready Mode is to allow the user to prepare
the materials testing system to perform a test. In this mode and only
in this mode the bottom part of the console becomes active. These
keys have the following functions:

JOG UP These keys allow the user to move the crosshead at its preset
speed and are used to set the sample into position. Great
[ ] care should be used in this operation to ensure the grips are
JOG DOWN not driven together and that any obstacles are removed.
These keys are only active whilst being pressed and the
[ ] crosshead will stop as soon as the key is released, i.e.
momentary action.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 8.0 PERFORMING A TEST
FAST UP These keys allow the crosshead to be moved at FULL SPEED
of the machine to allow large movements quickly. Great care
[ ] should be used in this operation to ensure there are no
FAST DOWN obstacles in the path of the crosshead/grips/load cell etc as
damage can be incurred with improper use. These keys are
[ ] only active whilst being pressed and the crosshead will stop
as soon as the key is released, i.e. momentary action.

ZERO The Zero key will zero both load and extension values while
[∅ ] the crosshead is stationary. This will determine the point to
which the crosshead will return on completion of a test (if
Auto Return has been selected) or when the Return key is
pressed.

RETURN This key will cause the crosshead to return to its zero
position. Care should be taken to ensure all obstacles have
[ ] been removed (such as broken samples etc) as the crosshead
will return at full speed until it approaches the final position.

START TEST This key will start a test according to the setup parameters
[GO ] selected.

STOP This key will stop the crosshead if it is moving and can be
[STOP] used at any time either in the Ready Mode or during a test.

8.5 TEST PARAMETERS

SAMPLE The Ready Mode is used to prepare the sample for a test.
PREPARATION The accessories being used will be dependent on the type of
test being conducted.

LOAD CELLS The correct load cell should be fitted in the machine for the
application being undertaken. Great care should be taken of
these as they are precision measurement devices and can be
damaged if used incorrectly. Please read section 9.0 carefully
before proceeding further.

36 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 8.0 PERFORMING A TEST

GRIPS/ It is important that grips are fitted along the central straining
ADAPTORS axis of the machine and that no side loads are applied to the
load cells as this will affect the accuracy of the load readings.
The grips should be connected to the load cell and the
bottom anchor pin using only the pins provided and care
should be taken not to exceed the load rating of the grips.
It is important to ensure that the grips used are suitable for
the material under test. Any slippage of the material in the
grips will affect both load and extension readings.

EXTEN- It is important to understand that on some materials the

SOMETERS extension that the crosshead moves might not give a true
reading of the strain in the samples. If we consider a
dumbbell sample for instance, the strain will be different at
different positions along the sample and no account is being
taken of the take up of slack or bedding in of the grips. For
accurate strain readings we would strongly recommend the
use of a Lloyd Instruments extensometer which is suited for
the material under test.

ENVIRON- If an environmental chamber is used with your materials

MENTAL testing machine there should be sufficient room behind the
CHAMBERS machine to slide the oven back away from the working area.
It is important to ensure that the cut-off valve for the liquid
coolant should be in an accessible place. Grips and other
accessories are fitted to the machine with the environmental
chamber in its fully forward position. The access holes at the
top and bottom of the chamber should be positioned as
centrally as possible along the straining access of the
machine. Extreme care should be taken when dismantling
grips or extracting samples after a test. This should be done
only with suitable protective clothing, i.e. gloves, to prevent
risk of burns.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 8.0 PERFORMING A TEST

8.6 STARTING A TEST

Once the sample has been positioned and the necessary accessories
have been installed, the zero button may be pressed (if required) to
zero the load and extension readings (this is not necessary if Auto
Zero was selected during the test options). The test may now be
started by pressing the <GO> button. The crosshead will move
according to the setup and the load and extension values will be
displayed on the LCD during the test. If the hold peak option has
been selected the display will show the maximum load reached
during a test. THE TEST MAY BE STOPPED AT ANY TIME BY
PRESSING THE <STOP> key.

8.7 ERROR CONDITIONS

If an error condition exists the cause of the error will be shown on

the LCD. This error must be cleared before you can proceed with
the test (see Appendix D).

38 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 9.0 LOAD CELLS

ALL machine operators should be aware that Lloyd Instruments load

cells are precision force-measuring instruments which should be
treated with the utmost care to avoid accidental damage. Low force
cells are easily damaged if abused or used without sufficient care:

1. Do not submit load cells to physical shock of any kind. DO

NOT DROP!

2. When a load cell is removed from a machine immediately put

it in a safe and dry place.

3. To install a load cell: Select the correct size load cell adaptor.
Place the adaptor through the hole in the moving crosshead
with the thread down. Carefully offer up the load cell and
screw the load cell adaptor into the load cell, taking care to
ensure that the locating dowel on the load cell sits in the hole
on the under side of the moving crosshead. Tighten the load
cell adaptor in the load cell thread with the C spanner
provided. Plug in the D connector to the socket on the under
side of the moving crosshead and finger tighten the two fixing
screws. Fit the eye end to the load cell and tighten with the
C spanner.

4. When installing the upper grip (particularly heavy ones) on the

load cell eye end avoid bumping the eye end. If the grip is a
close fit, DO NOT FORCE, establish the reason and rectify.
Immediately set, or re-set, the bottom limit stop so the grips
will not meet when the crosshead is lowered.

5. In both tension and compression tests, centre the specimen in

line with the axis of the load cell spindle to avoid side thrust.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 9.0 LOAD CELLS

6. In compression tests, care must be taken to avoid bringing the

platens together or against solid specimens at high speed.
Cells thus damaged cannot be repaired. Ensure that the
lower crosshead limit is set correctly.

7. In compression tests, if special lower fixtures are used, ensure

that they are fixed in position so they cannot be accidentally
moved to block the normal downward movement of the
upper fixture, e.g. where a tongue on the upper fixture must
fit into a slot in the lower fixture.

8. Avoid overloading beyond the cell’s rated capacity. Prior to

testing ensure, if possible, that the maximum force anticipated
will not exceed the capacity of the cell installed. If maximum
capacity is approached during a test, run the machine at slow
speed in local mode, and reverse the crosshead if capacity is
exceeded.

Note: All Lloyd Instruments machines incorporate overload

protection which will stop the machine if capacity is
exceeded in either tension or compression. However, at
higher speeds, momentum may carry the crosshead far
enough after shut-off to damage the cell. In low force cells
this distance is very short. Cells thus damaged cannot be
repaired.

40 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 9.0 LOAD CELLS

9. Lloyd Instruments load cells are built to exceed the standards

as set out by ASTM, BS, DIN etc. All cells are pre-calibrated
and user-changeable. Various capacities are available from
10N to 300kN. While cells may be used below 10% of
capacity it is recommended that, when such lower forces are
anticipated, a lower force cell be installed such that the test
force will fall in the upper 90% of its range. This will give the
best signal to noise performance of the load measuring
system.

10. DO NOT tamper with the calibration adjustment of the cell.

This will INVALIDATE THE CALIBRATION. This
adjustment must only be carried out by a qualified technician
using proper calibration equipment. To meet the
requirements of BS, ASTM and DIN the load measuring
system on your LR/LS Series machine should be calibrated at
least annually by a qualified service organisation.

11. The 100kN, 150kN and 300kN load cells on the LR100K (and
above) machine are factory fitted and in normal
circumstances should NOT be removed. If for any reason
this load cell is removed it must be re-fitted correctly, for
details please contact Customer Services. All smaller load
cells on the LR100K and above machines screw into the
factory fitted cell.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 10.0 DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE

Lloyd Instruments Data Analysis Packages (DAP) software acquires,

records, analyses, stores and prints test data instantaneously without
operator skill or manual effort. Data analysis software greatly
simplifies the process of analysing test results. It removes the
guesswork from graph interpretation and performs calculations such
as psi, area under the graph, offset yield etc, in seconds.

Software provides you with a very powerful tool for analysing data
produced by your Lloyd Instruments materials testing machine.
Lloyd Instruments data analysis packages run on most 386, 486 and
Pentium computers. The range of software varies from very simple
to use versions to very sophisticated and flexible packages suitable
for use by research establishments, universities etc.

Lloyd Instruments standard library of DAPs covers a very wide range

of testing standards. They are suitable for testing plastics, metals,
fabrics, tear and peel, stress relaxation and many more. In addition
to the standard library, we have an ever growing library of special
packages. If one of our standard packages is not suitable for you
please contact our Sales Department who will be able to locate a
special package suitable for your needs.

DAP software packages come with a user manual which describes

how to run the software and connect up your computer to an LR/LS
Series machine. Please refer to this manual for full details on running
Lloyd Instruments DAP software.

42 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 11.0 PL3/A148 X-Y PLOTTER

11.1 A148 TENSILE TESTING INTERFACE FOR THE PL3

The A148 enables the PL3 to be used with a materials testing

machine to give load/extension plots. When used with Lloyd
Instruments chart paper CPP/0015/00 the load and extension ranges
will be as chosen by the materials testing machine operator using the
machines interactive display and control keyboard. The materials
testing machine controls the pen of the PL3**. If your plotter is
supplied with your materials testing machine this function will be
incorporated. It is lowered when a test is being performed. A
biased toggle switch enables the pen to be lowered for zero setting.
Manually operated shift controls, in both the load and extension
directions, are provided. The full scale load and extension axis will
be exactly the same as the values entered for load range and
extension range on the materials testing machine. The instrument
calibration can be checked at any time. A three position biased
toggle switch, CAL, is provided. In one position it causes a signal
corresponding to full scale load to be sent from the materials testing
machine to the plotter. In the other position a signal corresponding
to full scale extension is sent. Preset controls accessible from the
front panel of the A148 enable the calibration in either axis to be
adjusted. In the normal position the plotter accepts load and
extension information from the materials testing machine.

** The A148 tensile testing interface can only be fitted to plotters

from serial number 5176 onwards. Earlier models do not have
this pen control facility incorporated.

Note: The PL3/A148 plotter is only available for use when the
LR/LS Series machine is under local control.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LS500
Maximum Force 2.5kN (500lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 0.1N - 2.5kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.02 - 500lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy ±0.5% or ±1% of reading
Crosshead Speed Range 2 - 1000mm/min
(0.1-40in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.5% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 400mm (16in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1100mm (43in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1000mm (0.05 - 40in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard
Connection (0-10V).
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 25kN/mm
Cell. (125,000lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 230Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T) or
115Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T)
Power Consumption 500 watts maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 1550mm (61in)
Depth 500mm (19.6in)
Width 600mm (23.6in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Mass 105kg (231lb)

44 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LR5K
Maximum Force 5kN (1100lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 0.1N - 5kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.02 - 1100lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy ±0.5% or ±1% of reading
Crosshead Speed Range 0.2 - 1000mm/min
(0.01-40in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.5% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 400mm (16in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1100mm (43in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1000mm (0.05 - 40in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard
Connection (0-10V).
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 25kN/mm
Cell. (125,000lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 230Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T) or
115Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T)
Power Consumption 500 watts maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 1550mm (61in)
Depth 500mm (19.6in)
Width 600mm (23.6in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Mass 105kg (231lb)

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LR10K
Maximum Force 10kN (2200lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 0.1N - 10kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.02 - 2200lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy ±0.5% or ±1% of reading
Crosshead Speed Range 0.1 - 500mm/min
(0.005 - 20in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.5% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 400mm (16in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1100mm (43in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1000mm (0.05 - 40in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard
Connection (0-10V).
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 25kN/mm
Cell. (125,000lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 230Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T) or
115Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T)
Power Consumption 500 watts maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 1550mm (61in)
Depth 500mm (19.6in)
Width 600mm (23.6in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Mass 105kg (231lb)

46 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LR30K
Maximum Force 30kN (6600lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 0.1N - 30kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.02 - 6600lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy ±0.5% or ±1% of reading
Crosshead Speed Range 0.02 - 500mm/min
(0.001 - 20in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.5% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 400mm (16in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1000mm (40in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1000mm (0.05 - 40in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard
Connection (0 - 10V).
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 80kN/mm
Cell. (400,000lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 230Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T) or
115Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T)
Power Consumption 1.3kW maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 1600mm (63in)
Depth 600mm (23.6in)
Width 640mm (25.2in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Mass 125kg (275lb)

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LR50K
Maximum Force 50kN (11000lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 0.1N - 50kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.02 - 11000lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy ±0.5% or ±1% of reading
Crosshead Speed Range 0.01 - 500mm/min
(0.0005 - 20in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.5% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 400mm (16in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1000mm (40in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1000mm (0.05 - 40in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard
Connection (0 - 10V).
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 120kN/mm
Cell. (600,000lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 230Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T) or
115Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T)
Power Consumption 2kW maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 1600mm (63in)
Depth 700mm (27.6in)
Width 690mm (27.2in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Mass 200kg (440lb)

48 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LR100K
Maximum Force 100kN (22000lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 2N - 100kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.44 - 22000lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy ±0.5% or ±1% of reading
Crosshead Speed Range 0.01 - 500mm/min
(0.0005 - 20in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.1% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 620mm (24in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1200mm (47in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1200mm (0.05 - 47in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard 0-10V
Connection 0-1V Strain Gauge
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 300kN/mm
Cell. (1.5 x 106 lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 230Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T) or
115Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T)
Power Consumption 2kW maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 2460mm (96.5in)
Depth 730mm (29in)
Width 1230mm (48in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Mass 900kg (1980lb)

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LR150K
Maximum Force 150kN (33000lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 2N - 150kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.44 - 33000lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy Better than 0.5%
Crosshead Speed Range 0.01 - 250mm/min
(0.0005 - 10in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.1% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 620mm (24in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1454mm (57in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1200mm (0.05 - 47in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard 0-10V
Connection 0-1V Strain Gauge
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 300kN/mm
Cell. (1.5 x 106 lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 230Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T) or
115Vac±10% 50-60Hz
Fuse 10A (T)
Power Consumption 2kW maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 2508mm (99in)
Depth 730mm (29in)
Width 1230mm (48in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Mass 1000kg (2205lb)

50 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 APPENDIX A :
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION : LR300K
Maximum Force 300kN (66000lbf)
(tension and compression)
Overall Force Range Using 2N - 300kN
Interchangeable Load Cells (0.44 - 66000lbf)
Force Measuring System Exceeds the requirements
of BS1610 -1: 1992 and
BS EN 10002 -2 : 1992
Grade 0.5 or Grade 1,
ASTM E4, DIN51221.
Force Measuring Accuracy ±0.5% or ±1% of reading
Crosshead Speed Range 0.01 - 250mm/min
(0.0005 - 10in/ min)
Crosshead Speed Accuracy ± 0.1% of set speed
Maximum Working Width 620mm (24in)
Between Columns
Maximum Crosshead 1580mm (62in)
Displacement Excluding Grips
Crosshead Range Setting 1 - 1200mm (0.05 - 47in)
External Extensometer Analogue standard 0-10V
Connection 0-1V Strain Gauge
Analogue Load and Extension Standard
Outputs for Plotter/Recorder
Internal Extensometer Resolution Better than 5 microns
Frame Stiffness Without Load Greater than 300kN/mm
Cell. (1.5 x 106 lbf/in)
Supply Voltage 3~, 4 wire 400Vac ±10%
50-60Hz
Fused internally
Fuses 10A (T) HBC x 3
(RED SPOT)
Power Consumption 2kW maximum
Main Frame Dimensions Height 2640mm (104in)
Depth 860mm (33.9in)
Width 1230mm (48in)
Console Dimensions Height 340mm (13.4in)
Depth 70mm (2.8in)
Width 330mm (13in)
Mass 1200kg (2646lb)

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 APPENDIX B: RS232
CONNECTIONS

GND 1 1

TxD 2 2

386/486 RS232 RxD 3 3

LR Series
RTS 4 4
25 way “D” 25 way “D”
CTS 5 5
(female) DSR 6 6
(male)
SIG.GND 7 7
CD 8 8

DTR 20 20

09/0310

CD 1 1

RxD 2 2
386/486 RS232 TxD 3 3
LR Series
9 way “D” DTR 4 4
25 way “D”
(female) GND 5 5
(male)
DSR 6 6

RTS 7 7
CTS 8 8
9 20

09/0311

52 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 APPENDIX C : ERROR MESSAGES

ERROR 1 Upper crosshead limit stop. Go DOWN only. This signifies

that the upper software limit has been reached. If it is not
possible to drive down, the crosshead may have reached the
hardware stop which implies that the slidewire is not set
correctly.

ERROR 2 Tension overload stop. Go DOWN only. This means that the
full 10 volts has been reached by the load cell. If this occurs
on clearing the RAM it implies that the load cell is damaged.

ERROR 3 Tension invalid stop. Go DOWN only. This means that the
load cell amplifier is reading eight volts which is equivalent to
100% load and is designed to prevent damage of the load cell.

ERROR 5 Lower crosshead limit stop. Go UP only. This is the software

crash stop and is designed to prevent damage to the grips. It
should always be set so the grips cannot come into contact. If
this occurs when out of limit it will be due to either a faulty
console or noise on the extension readings.

ERROR 6 Compression overload stop. Go UP only. This works on the

same principles as Error 2 although in compression.

ERROR 7 Compression Invalid Stop. Go UP only. Same as Error 3 but in

compression.

ERROR 8 Wrong access code. This will occur only when not operating
in open access. It means that the pass code has not been
input correctly and can be removed by clearing the battery
backup RAM.

ERROR 9 Load cell supports tension only. This occurs when using small
load cells, i.e. less than 5N, and is designed to prevent
compression overloads on small cells.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 APPENDIX C : ERROR MESSAGES

ERROR 10 Watchdog timeout. This means the internal timer has timed
out which signifies the software has lost control for more than
200ms. Some possible causes are:

1. Power supplies rise too slowly.

2. RS232 hangs up due to excess of commands.

3. Short power failure.

4. Software failure.

ERROR 11 Load range exceeded. This error only occurs in the test state
and stops the test when the user input load range has been
reached.

ERROR 12 Extension range exceeded. This error only occurs in the test
state and stops the test when the user input extension value
has been reached.

ERROR 13 Shield not closed. This informs the user that the plastic shield
doors are not closed. If doors are not fitted check micro
switch.

ERROR 14 Drive fault. Switch off power. This signifies that a motor fault
signal has been detected. The software will beep
continuously and the machine must be reset.

ERROR 15 Printer fault. This indicates a fault in the printer address. It is

usually due to a fault in the printer buffer chip and if no
printer is fitted this chip may be removed (refer to Service
Manual).

ERROR 16 RS232 Tx buffer overflow. Indicates that the console has filled
its output buffer. This implies that the PC is not clearing the
buffer fast enough (ensure that you are using a computer with
a 386/486 CPU).

54 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines

 APPENDIX C : ERROR MESSAGES

ERROR 17 RS232 Rx buffer overflow. Indicates that the internal buffer is

full and implies that the machine is not acting on incoming
command fast enough. Not common due to high clock
speed.

ERROR 18 Keyboard buffer overflow. This error implies keyboard buffer

full. This is almost impossible under normal conditions and
probably would only be caused by a bad or intermittent
connection.

ERROR 19 Unknown interrupt. Only occurs if the interrupt address

given is invalid.

ERROR 20 RS232 Rx parity*. Will occur if the sending computer is using

the wrong parity. The RS232 port in the sending computer is
initialised by the Rcontrol software.

ERROR 21 RS232 Rx overrun. This occurs when the embedded

software does not see a stop bit after the first 8 data bits. Can
be caused by an incorrect baud rate.

ERROR 22 RS232 Rx parity/overrun. Combination of Errors 20 and 21.

ERROR 23 RS232 Rx framing*

ERROR 24 RS232 Rx parity/framing*

ERROR 25 RS232 Rx overrun/framing*

ERROR 26 RS232 Rx parity/overrun/framing*

* This error is only likely to occur if you are using software

which has not been written by Lloyd Instruments.

LR/LS Series Material Testing Machine

 APPENDIX C : ERROR MESSAGES

ERROR 31 Safe Line Open.

This can occur if any of the following switches are open:

1. Adjustable crosshead limit switches.

Action: Move the switch away and reset safe line.

2. Final/crash switches top or bottom.

Action: Ring Technical Support.

3. Software operated.
Action: No action possible, automatically reset by
software.

4. Motor switch. Action:

Ring Technical Support.

5. Motor drive thermal switches.

Action: Ring Technical Support.

56 LR/LS Series Material Testing Machines