Syllabus 2022-2023

Class: XI
CHEMISTRY (CODE NO. 043)
COURSE STRUCTURE

Total Times: 3 hrs Total Marks: 70

S.No UNIT NAME MARKS

I Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 7

II Structure of Atom 9

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in

III 6
Properties

IV Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 7

V Chemical Thermodynamics 9

VI Equilibrium 7

VII Redox Reactions 4

Organic Chemistry: Some basic Principles and

VIII 11
Techniques

IX Hydrocarbons 10

TOTAL 70

UNIT-I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry. Nature of matter, laws of

chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and
molecules. Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage
composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and
calculations based on stoichiometry.

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UNIT-II: STRUCTURE OF ATOM

Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars.
Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's
model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and
light, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals,
quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals -
Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration
of atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

UNIT-III: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN

PROPERTIES

Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table,

modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in
properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with
atomic number greater than 100.

UNIT-IV: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis’s structure,
polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond
theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of
hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules,
molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only),
Hydrogen bond.

UNIT-VI: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive
and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal energy
and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ΔU and ΔH, Hess's law
of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation,
atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second
law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction) Introduction of entropy as a state
function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and non- spontaneous processes,
criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).

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UNIT-VII: EQUILIBRIUM

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of

mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's
principle, ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak
electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept
of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, Henderson Equation,
solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).

UNIT-VIII: REDOX REACTIONS

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing

redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number,
applications of redox reactions.

UNIT-XII: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND

TECHNIQUES

General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis,

classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic
displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and
hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals,
carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

UNIT-XIII: HYDROCARBONS

Classification of Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties,

chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and
pyrolysis.

Alkenes - Nomenclature, the structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical

isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition
of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide
effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.

Alkynes - Nomenclature, the structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties,

methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition
reaction of - hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.

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Aromatic Hydrocarbons:

Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical

properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation,
halogenation, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the
functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

PRACTICALS

Total Times: 3 hrs Total Marks: 30

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks

Volumetric Analysis 08
Salt Analysis 08
Content Based Experiment 06
Project Work 04
Class record and viva 04
TOTAL 30

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments,

wherever possible such techniques should be used.

A. Basic Laboratory Techniques

1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod

2. Bending a glass tube

3. Drawing out a glass jet

4. Boring a cork

B. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances

1. Determination of melting point of an organic compound.

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2. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound.

3. Crystallization of impure sample of any one of the following: Alum, Copper

Sulphate, Benzoic Acid.

C. Experiments Based on pH

1. Any one of the following experiments:

● Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices,solution of

known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or
universal indicator.

● Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration.

Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.

2. Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases.

D. Chemical Equilibrium

One of the following experiments:

1. Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by
increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.

2. Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions by changing
the concentration of either of the ions.

E. Quantitative Estimation

1. Using a mechanical balance/electronic balance.

2. Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid.

3. Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium hydroxide by titrating it

against standard solution of Oxalic acid.

4. Preparation of standard solution of Sodium carbonate.

5. Determination of strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it

against standard Sodium Carbonate solution.

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F. Qualitative Analysis

1. Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

Cation:

Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+

Anion :

(CO3)2- , S2- , (NO2)- , (SO3)2- , (SO4)2- , Cl- , Br- , I- , (PO4)3- , (C2O4)2-,CH3COO-,

(NO2)-

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

2. Detection of -Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds.

G. PROJECTS

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from

other sources.

A few suggested Projects

● Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion

● Study of the methods of purification of water

● Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, Chloride, etc., depending upon
the regional variation in drinking water and study of causes of presence of these
ions above permissible limit (if any).

● Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and the effect
of addition of Sodium carbonate on it

● Study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves.

● Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids.

● Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers.

● Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can
be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

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 QUESTION PAPER DESIGN FOR CHEMISTRY CLASS –XI (2022-23)

S.No Domains Marks Weightage %

1 Remembering and Understanding:
Exhibit memory of previously learned material 28 40
by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and
answers. Demonstrate understanding of facts
and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,
interpreting, giving descriptions and stating
main ideas.
2 Applying:
21 30
Solve problems to new situations by applying
acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules
in a different way
3 Analyzing, Evaluating and Creating:
Examine and break information into parts by
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences
and find evidence to support generalizations.
Present and defend opinions by making 21 30
judgments about information, the validity of
ideas or quality of work based on a set of
criteria. Compile information together in a
different way by combining elements in a new
pattern or proposing alternative solutions.

PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

1. Chemistry Part – I, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.

2. Chemistry Part – II, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.

3. Laboratory Manual of Chemistry, Class XI Published by NCERT

4. Other related books and manuals of NCERT including multimedia and online
sources

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