Altrincham Grammar School For Boys

2108 GCSE Revision Sheet – ANALYSIS THREE

Q1.The colours of fireworks are produced by chemicals.

(a)     Information about four chemicals is given in the table.

Complete the table below.

 
Colour produced in
  Chemical
firework

  barium chloride green

  ......................... carbonate crimson

  sodium nitrate .........................

  calcium sulfate red

(2)

(b)     Describe a test to show that barium chloride solution contains chloride ions.

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(2)

(c)     A student did two tests on a solution of compound X.

Test 1
Sodium hydroxide solution was added. A blue precipitate was formed.

Test 2
Dilute hydrochloric acid was added. Barium chloride solution was then added.
A white precipitate was formed.    The student concluded that compound X is iron(II)
sulfate.    Is the student’s conclusion correct?

Explain your answer.

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(3)
(Total 7 marks)

Q2.          A student investigated an egg shell.

(a)     The student did some tests on the egg shell.

The student’s results are shown in the table below.

 
Test Observation

1 Dilute hydrochloric acid was A gas was produced.

added to the egg shell.  
The egg shell dissolved, forming a
colourless solution.

2 A flame test was done on the The flame turned red.

colourless solution from test 1.

3 Sodium hydroxide solution was A white precipitate formed that did not
added to the colourless solution dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide
from test 1. solution.

4 Silver nitrate solution was added A white precipitate formed.

to the colourless solution from
test 1.

(i)      The student concluded that the egg shell contains carbonate ions.

Describe how the student could identify the gas produced in test 1.

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(2)

(ii)     The student concluded that the egg shell contains aluminium ions.

Is the student’s conclusion correct? Use the student’s results to justify your
answer.

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(2)

(iii)    The student concluded that the egg shell contains chloride ions.

Is the student’s conclusion correct? Use the student’s results to justify your
answer.

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(2)

(b)     Some scientists wanted to investigate the amount of lead found in egg shells.
They used a modern instrumental method which was more sensitive than older
methods.

(i)      Name one modern instrumental method used to identify elements.

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(1)

(ii)     What is the meaning of more sensitive?

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(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q3.    Four bottles of chemicals made in the 1880s were found recently in a cupboard during
Health and Safety inspection at Lovell Laboratories.
 
   
 
Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride

   
 
Sodium nitrate Sodium sulfate

The chemical names are shown above.

(a)     You are provided with the following reagents:

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•        barium chloride solution acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid

•        dilute hydrochloric acid

•        silver nitrate solution acidified with dilute nitric acid

•        sodium hydroxide solution.

•        limewater

•        red litmus paper

(i)      Describe tests that you could use to show that these chemicals are correctly
named.

In each case give the reagent(s) you would use and state the result.

Test and result for carbonate ions:

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Test and result for chloride ions:

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Test and result for sulfate ions:

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(4)

(ii)     Suggest why a flame test would not distinguish between these four chemicals.

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(1)

(b)     Instrumental methods of analysis linked to computers can be used to identify

chemicals.

Give two advantages of using instrumental methods of analysis.

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(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Q4.          Chemical tests can be used to identify compounds.

          The table shows the results of some tests carried out on three solutions, A, B and C.
 
Sodium
Hydrochloric Silver nitrate
hydroxide
Solution Flame Test acid solution
solution
is added is added
is added

Carbon dioxide  
gas produced
A Yellow  
 

B Brick-red   White precipitate White

insoluble in precipitate
excess sodium
hydroxide
solution

    Dark green  
precipitate
C
 

          Use the information in the table to identify solutions A, B and C.

Give the name of:

(a)     solution A; ...................................................................................................................

(2)

(b)     solution B; ...................................................................................................................

(2)

(c)     the metal ion in solution C. .........................................................................................

(1)

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(Total 5 marks)

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M1.(a)     lithium
allow Li+ / Li
1

yellow
allow orange
1

(b)     silver nitrate (solution)

incorrect test = 0 marks
ignore (nitric) acid
do not allow other named acids
1

white precipitate
1

(c)     blue precipitate (with sodium hydroxide) indicates copper ions

allow Cu2+
1

and white precipitate (with barium chloride) indicates sulfate ions

allow SO42-
accept compound X is copper sulfate / CuSO4 for 1 mark
1

but iron(II) ions produce a green precipitate (with sodium hydroxide)

1
[7]

M2.         (a)      (i)     (bubble gas produced through) limewater

incorrect tests = zero
1

(limewater) goes cloudy / milky

1

(ii)                ignore yes or no

red flame indicates that calcium / lithium ions present

allow aluminium has no flame colour

or

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Ca/Mg also produce a (white) precipitate with NaOH
1

the (white) precipitate formed in test 3 or by adding sodium hydroxide

solution would dissolve (in excess) if aluminium ions were present
1

(iii)               ignore yes or no

because a white precipitate is formed in test 4 or by adding silver nitrate

1

but chloride ions are in hydrochloric acid

1

(b)     (i)      mass spectrometry

allow MS

or

atomic absorption spectroscopy

allow AAS
spectrometry / spectroscopy alone is insufficient
1

(ii)     can detect a small(er) amount of the substance

allow can detect small(er) changes
allow small(er) sample sizes
ignore references to precision / accuracy
1
[8]

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M3.(a)     (i)      Na CO : HCl → gas / effervescence / bubbles (1)               CO / carbon dioxide /
2 3 2

turns lime water milky (1)

1

NaCl: AgNO → white ppt (1)                           silver chloride (1)

3

NaNO : Al + NaOH → pungent / sharp smell / choking gas

3

(1)                                    NH / ammonia / turns (red) litmus blue(1)

3

Na SO : BaCl → white ppt (1)                              barium sulfate (1)

2 4 2

1
each correct test and one result = 1 mark
one other result for any test = 1 mark this mark can only be
awarded once

(ii)     all would give a yellow / yellow-orange (flame) / same coloured (flame) /

same results
allow orange (flame) 1

or

they all contain sodium

1

(b)     any two from:

ignore cost/errors

•        fast / quick or comment about speed

allow precise

•        small amounts/sensitive
allow can be left to run/continuous analysis

•        accurate

•        ease of automation
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accept operators do not need chemical skills

•        sample not used up

•        reliable / efficient
2
[7]

M4.          (a)     sodium carbonate / sodium hydrogencarbonate / sodium bicarbonate

Na CO / NaHCO
2 3 3

ie
sodium / sodium ions (1 mark)
carbonate / carbonate ions
(1 mark)
incorrect formula including Na and
CO = 1 mark
3

(b)     calcium chloride

CaCl 2

ie calcium / calcium ions (1 mark) chloride / chloride ions (1

mark) incorrect formula including Ca and Cl = 1 mark
2

(c)     iron or iron(II) ions

Fe ferrous ions
2+

ignore anions
ignore nickel / chromium
do not accept iron(III) or ferric ions5
1
[5]

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