Packing Peanuts Activity

Suggested Age: 8-10

Time: 30 minutes

There are many types of packing materials that are available to use. A useful and
sturdy packing material is packing peanuts. There are two types of packing peanuts that
can be used: Styrofoam, also known as polystyrene, and Cornstarch. Both Polystyrene
and Cornstarch packing peanuts are made from polymers that are long-chain molecules
that are made of smaller individual units known as monomers. Even though each of these
materials are polymers, there is a large difference between the molecules that make
cornstarch and polystyrene. Packing peanuts made from cornstarch are natural polymers
or polymers which occur in nature. Polystyrene or Styrofoam peanuts are a synthetic
polymer which means that they are man-made.

Cornstarch Packing Peanuts Styrofoam Packing Peanuts

In the activity we will:

• Explore differences between man-made and natural polymers.
• Make scientific observations of the behavior of polymers.
• Investigate the environmental impacts of degradable and non-degradable
polymers.

Materials
• Two large mixing bowls
• 2 cups warm water
• Spoon
• Styrofoam (polystyrene) peanuts (may use Styrofoam cups or plates which or torn
into small pieces)

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 • Cornstarch peanuts – these can be bought (at a moving company such as U-Haul
or sometimes Barnes and Nobles will give them to you for no charge). Another
alternative is to make cornstarch packing peanuts by using the recipe as follows:

Making Cornstarch Packing Peanuts (optional)

Note: If time does not permit, use the pre-made cornstarch and read the directions of how
cornstarch is made. Then, make the cornstarch packing peanuts starting with step 7.

Materials
• Package of frozen corn
• Mixing bowl
• Iodine
• Tablespoon and teaspoon
• Piece of cheesecloth
• Paper cups
• Wax paper
• Slotted spoon
• Potato masher
• Stir stick
• Water
• Styrofoam packing peanut

Directions for making cornstarch

1. Thaw a package of frozen corn and place in a bowl.

2. Crunch up the corn with a potato masher until all of the corn pieces are well
mashed. Cover the mashed corn with a layer of water. Let stand for 24 hours.
3. Remove from bowl with a slotted spoon and place on waxed paper. Allow water
to stand for another 15 minutes.
4. Gently pour off the water through a piece of cheesecloth, allowing the starch to
become trapped in the cloth.
5. You can see and feel the starch that is left in the cheesecloth. Use a small portion
of the cheesecloth to determine if there is starch left in the cheesecloth by placing
the iodine on that portion. If starch is present, the iodine changes from reddish-
brown to blue-black. Allow the remainder of the cheesecloth to dry overnight.
6. Once the starch is dry, it will turn into a powder which you can feel and taste.
7. Now, take 1 tablespoon of the corn powder that you made and mix it with 1
teaspoon of water in a paper cup. Stir with a stick until it becomes a workable
paste. If you microwave the mixture on high for 15 seconds, it will provide a
more consistent product for examination. You have made a bio-degradable
packing peanut.

Activity

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From the recipe, did you notice anything a similarity about the ingredients for
cornstarch packing peanuts?

All of these ingredients are edible! Since cornstarch packing peanuts are made
from cornstarch (which is made from corn) they are edible. Cornstarch packing peanuts
were actually invented to be a brand of cereal. However, the taste did not appeal to many
people so they were used as packing materials instead. Try one to see if you like the
taste.

Now, study the cornstarch packing peanut next to a Styrofoam packing peanut
and compare qualities.

What are some of the characteristics? Similarities? Differences?

Next, get your mixing bowls.

In the first mixing bowl, add 3 handfuls of Styrofoam peanuts, in the second
mixing bowl, add 3 handfuls of cornstarch packing peanuts.

Place Styrofoam packing peanuts in one mixing bowl and cornstarch packing
peanuts in another mixing bowl.

Next, in each mixing bowl, add one cup of warm water and describe what
happens to each of the packing materials.

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 Slowly add water to both the cornstarch and Styrofoam packing peanuts.

• How does each type of peanut behave in water?

• Do any of the peanuts dissolve in water?
• If so, what happens to these peanuts as they dissolve?
• How fast did they dissolve?
• Put some cornstarch packing peanuts in water again and time how fast
they dissolve. How long did it take? _____________

Discovery

Before you added the water, 3 handfuls of Styrofoam peanuts equaled about 3
handfuls of cornstarch peanuts.

• After the water was added, which of the packing materials took up more space?
What would be the advantages of replacing all Styrofoam packing peanuts with
cornstarch based peanuts?

• Would it be practical to replace all the Styrofoam used for Styrofoam cups and
picnic plates with the cornstarch material used in some packing peanuts? Why or
why not?

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 From the activity, you saw that cornstarch packing peanuts break down easily
when water was added to them. How is this beneficial to the environment? Cornstarch
has come a long way from when it was first developed and it may be possible to develop
more useful and environmentally friendly cornstarch products in the future. However,
which is a better packing material?

Packing Materials Experiment

How do polystyrene and cornstarch packing peanuts hold up as packing
materials? Test them by packing a cardboard box with an egg. Then, drop the box from
different heights to see how well each of the packing materials protects the item. Before
you begin your experiment, form a hypothesis of what you think the more durable
packing material is.

Materials
• Eggs
• Cornstarch packing peanuts
• Styrofoam packing peanuts
• 1-2 Small cardboard boxes, milk or juice containers
• plastic baggies

Prepare the egg:

1. Pack the cardboard box, milk or juice carton half full with the packing materials.
2. Secure the egg in a plastic bag and place in the middle of the packing materials.
Finish packing the rest of the box with the packing materials.
3. Once the egg is inside of the packing materials, close the cardboard box and use
masking tape to close the open flap of the box.

Test each packing material:

1. Using the data sheet below, record the results of your egg experiment whether or
not the egg broke.
2. Drop the cardboard box from 1 foot. Open the box and find the egg, record the
results (egg is broke or still in tact). If the egg is broken, replace it with a new
egg and continue testing.
3. Repeat 2 additional trials.
4. Drop the cardboard box from 4 feet. Open the box and find the egg, record the
results (egg is broke or still in tact). If the egg is broken, replace it with a new
egg and continue testing.
5. Repeat 2 additional trials.
6. Drop the cardboard box from 8 feet. This may be done outside. Open the box
and find the egg, record the results (egg is broke or still in tact). If the egg is
broken, replace it with a new egg and continue testing.
7. Repeat 2 additional trials

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Packing Materials Data Sheet

Packing Material Height=1 foot Height=2 feet Height=4feet

Egg broken Egg broken Egg broken

(Yes/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)
Styrofoam
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Cornstarch
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3

Results and Conclusions

Based on the evidence, which packing material do you think is more durable?

Count up the total number of egg breakages using the Styrofoam packing peanuts and
place it here. ______________

Count up the total number of egg breakages using the Cornstarch packing peanuts and
place it here. ______________

Are these packing materials much different or are they similar? Which packing
material would you recommend shipping companies to use and why would you
recommend it?

Extension Activity

1. Using the following timeline of the history of cornstarch, develop an idea for a
future cornstarch product.

History of cornstarch
a. Cornstarch was invented in 1840 by Thomas Kingsford, while he was
working as the superintendent of a wheat starch factory in Jersey City,
New Jersey. Until 1850, cornstarch was used primarily for starching
laundry and industrial uses.
b. Cornstarch is fine, powdery flour ground from the endosperm of corn. It's
used as a tasteless thickening agent, and to give baked goods a finer and

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 more compact texture. It is often used for thickening sauces, as it is
translucent (when mixed into the sauce), not opaque.
c. When using corn starch, first mix it with cold water (or other liquid) until
it forms a smooth paste, and then add it too whatever you're thickening. If
you add it directly into the mix it may form lumps.
d. Outside of North America, cornstarch is known as cornflour. This should
not be confused with cornmeal, which is a thicker, coarser type of ground
corn (it uses the whole corn kernel), and cannot replace cornstarch in your
recipes.
e. The first biodegradable plastics developed from cornstarch in the 1990s
are just some of the accomplishments listed in the timeline.

2. Break down polystyrene packing peanuts. This is possible to do with acetone

(nail polish remover). However, it is important not to breathe in the acetone and
this experiment is best done outside. Place the polystyrene packing peanuts into
the acetone and describe what happens to the acetone. Does it look the same as
when we added water to cornstarch packing peanuts? Do the polystyrene packing
peanuts take a different amount of time to dissolve?

3. Are there any setbacks to using cornstarch packing peanuts? As mentioned

earlier, cornstarch packing peanuts are edible. Can you think of any reason why
this could be bad for businesses using cornstarch packing peanuts?

4. What would happen if you bury each of these packing peanuts in the ground?
Make a prediction and then bury both of them in the dirt (about 3 or 4 inches
underground). Mark the ground where each of them is buried. In two weeks, dig
them out of the ground and describe their appearance.