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POWER SUPPLY SUPERVISORY/

 
OVER AND UNDERVOLTAGE
The MC3425 is a power supply supervisory circuit containing all the
necessary functions required to monitor over and undervoltage fault
PROTECTION CIRCUIT
conditions. These integrated circuits contain dedicated over and SEMICONDUCTOR
undervoltage sensing channels with independently programmable time TECHNICAL DATA
delays. The overvoltage channel has a high current Drive Output for use in
conjunction with an external SCR Crowbar for shutdown. The undervoltage
channel input comparator has hysteresis which is externally programmable,
and an open–collector output for fault indication.
• Dedicated Over and Undervoltage Sensing
• Programmable Hysteresis of Undervoltage Comparator
• Internal 2.5 V Reference
• 300 mA Overvoltage Drive Output
•
8
30 mA Undervoltage Indicator Output 1
• Programmable Time Delays
P1 SUFFIX
• 4.5 V to 40 V Operation PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 626
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating Symbol Value Unit
Power Supply Voltage VCC 40 Vdc
Comparator Input Voltage Range (Note 1) VIR –0.3 to +40 Vdc
Drive Output Short Circuit Current IOS(DRV) Internally mA
Limited
Indicator Output Voltage VIND 0 to 40 Vdc
Indicator Output Sink Current IIND 30 mA
PIN CONNECTIONS
Power Dissipation and Thermal Characteristics
Maximum Power Dissipation @ TA = 70°C PD 1000 mW
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Air RθJA 80 °C/W
Operating Junction Temperature TJ +150 °C O.V. DRV
1 8 VCC
Output
Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA 0 to +70 °C
Storage Temperature Range Tstg –55 to +150 °C O.V. DLY 2 7 Gnd
NOTE: 1. The input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 300 mV U.V. IND
NOTE: 1. or positive by more than 40 V, independent of VCC, without device destruction.
O.V. Sense 3 6 Output

U.V. Sense 4 5 U.V. DLY

Simplified Application
(Top View)
Overvoltage Crowbar Protection, Undervoltage Indication

Vin Vout

DC
Power + MC3425 Undervoltage ORDERING INFORMATION
Supply Indication
Cout
Operating
Device Temperature Range Package
MC3425P1 TA = 0° to +70°C Plastic DIP

 Motorola, Inc. 1996 Rev 2

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 1
 MC3425
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (4.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V; TA = Tlow to Thigh [Note 2], unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
REFERENCE SECTION
Sense Trip Voltage (Referenced Voltage) VSense Vdc
VCC = 15 V
TA= 25°C 2.4 2.5 2.6
Tlow to Thigh (Note 2) 2.33 2.5 2.63
Line Regulation of VSense Regline – 7.0 15 mV
4.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V; TJ = 25°C

Power Supply Voltage Operating Range VCC 4.5 – 40 Vdc

Power Supply Current
VCC = 40 V; TA = 25°C; No Output Loads
O.V. Sense (Pin 3) = 0 V; ICC(off) – 8.5 10 mA
U.V. Sense (Pin 4) = VCC
O.V. Sense (Pin 3) = VCC; ICC(on) – 16.5 19 mA
U.V. Sense (Pin 4) = 0 V

INPUT SECTION
Input Bias Current, O.V. and U.V. Sense IIB – 1.0 2.0 µA
Hysteresis Activation Voltage, U.V. Sense VH(act) V
VCC = 15 V; TA = 25°C;
IH = 10% – 0.6 –
IH = 90% – 0.8 –
Hysteresis Current, U.V. Sense IH 9.0 12.5 16 µA
VCC = 15 V; TA = 25°C; U.V. Sense (Pin 4) = 2.5 V

Delay Pin Voltage (IDLY = 0 mA) V

Low State VOL(DLY) – 0.2 0.5
High State VOH(DLY) VCC–0.5 VCC–0.15 –
Delay Pin Source Current IDLY(source) 140 200 260 µA
VCC = 15 V; VDLY = 0 V

Delay Pin Sink Current IDLY(sink) 1.8 3.0 – mA

VCC = 15 V; VDLY = 2.5V

OUTPUT SECTION
Drive Output Peak Current (TA = 25°C) IDRV(peak) 200 300 – mA
Drive Output Voltage VOH(DRV) VCC–2.5 VCC–2.0 – V
IDRV = 100 mA; TA = 25° C

Drive Output Leakage Current IDRV(leak) – 15 200 nA

VDRV = 0 V

Drive Output Current Slew Rate (TA = 25°C) di/dt – 2.0 – A/µs
Drive Output VCC Transient Rejection IDRV(trans) – 1.0 – mA
VCC = 0 V to 15 V at dV/dt = 200 V µs; (Peak)
O.V. Sense (Pin 3) = 0 V; TA = 25°C
Indicator Output Saturation Voltage VIND(sat) – 560 800 mV
IIND = 30 mA; TA = 25°C

Indicator Output Leakage Current IIND(leak) – 25 200 nA

VOH(IND) = 40 V

Output Comparator Threshold Voltage (Note 3) Vth(OC) 2.33 2.5 2.63 V

Propagation Delay Time
(VCC = 15 V; TA = 25°C)
Input to Drive Output or Indicator Output tPLH(IN/OUT) – 1.7 – µs
100 mV Overdrive, CDLY = 0 µF
Input to Delay tPLH(IN//DLY) – 700 – ns
2.5 V Overdrive (0 V to 5.0 V Step)
NOTES: 2. Tlow to Thigh = 0° to +70°C
3. The Vth(OC) limits are approximately the VSense limits over the applicable temperature range.

2 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

 MC3425

Figure 1. Hysteresis Current versus Figure 2. Hysteresis Activation Voltage

Hysteresis Activation Voltage versus Temperature

V H(act) , HYSTERESIS ACTIVATION VOLTAGE (V)

14 1.2
VH(act) = Voltage Level at
IH, HYSTERESIS CURRENT (µA)

12 TA = 25°C VCC = 5.0 V which Hysteresis Current

1.0
(IH) is 90% of full value.
10
0.8 VCC = 15 V
8.0 VCC = 40 V
0.6 VCC = 40 V
6.0
VCC
= 15 V 0.4
4.0 VCC = 5.0 V

2.0 0.2

0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 –55 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
VH(act), HYSTERESIS ACTIVATION VOLTAGE (V) TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

Figure 3. Hysteresis Current Figure 4. Sense Trip Voltage Change

versus Temperature versus Temperature

∆ V Sense , SENSE TRIP VOLTAGE CHANGE (mW)

15.0
VSense* = 2.400 V * = 2.500 V * = 2.600 V
0
U.V. Sense = 2.5 V
IH, HYSTERESIS CURRENT (µA)

14.0
–10

13.0 –20

VCC = 15 V
12.0 –30 *VSense at TA = 25°C

–40
11.0
–50
10.0
–55 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –55 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

Figure 5. Output Delay Time versus Figure 6. Delay Pin Source Current
Delay Capacitance versus Temperature
IDLY(source), DELAY PIN SOURCE CURRENT ( µ A)

100 260
VCC = 15 V
t DLY , OUTPUT DELAY TIME (mS)

TA = 25°C
10 240 VCC = 40 V

1.0 220

VCC = 15 V
0.1 200
2.5 CDLY
tDLY =
200 µA
0.01 180 VCC = 5.0 V

0.001 160
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 –55 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
CDLY, DELAY PIN CAPACITANCE (µF) TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 3

 MC3425

Figure 7. Drive Output Saturation Voltage Figure 8. Indicator Output Saturation Voltage
V OH(DRV), DRIVE OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

V IND(sat) , INDICATOR OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

versus Output Peak Current versus Output Sink Current
5.0 0.4

4.0 VCC = 15 V
1.0% Duty Cycle @ 300 Hz 0.3
TA = 25°C
3.0
0.2
2.0 VCC = 15 V
TA = 25°C
0.1
1.0

0 0
0 100 200 300 400 0 10 20 30 40
IDRV(peak), DRIVE OUTPUT PEAK CURRENT (mA) IIND, INDICATOR OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA)

Figure 9. Drive Output Saturation Voltage Figure 10. Power Supply Current
V OH(DRV), DRIVE OUTPUT SATURATION VOTLAGE (V)

versus Temperature versus Voltage

2.500 28
I CC, POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) Curve O.V. Sense U.V. Sense
VCC = 15 V
IDRV(peak) = 200 mA 24 A VCC Gnd
2.460 1.0% Duty Cycle @ 300 Hz B Gnd VCC
20 A
2.420 16

12
2.380
B
8.0
2.340
4.0 TA = 25°C

2.300 0
–55 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

4 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

 MC3425
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Figure 11. Overvoltage Protection and Figure 12. Overvoltage Protection of 5.0 V
Undervoltage Fault Indication with Supply with Line Loss Detector
Programmable Delay
VO = 5.0 V
+VO Vin +5.0V VO(trip) = 6.25 V
Power
Supply
8
VCC 1.0k
R1A R1B 15k

4 U.V. U.V. 6 Line Loss

8 Sense IND Output
+ VCC AC Line
Power U.V. Fault MC3425
Supply Indicator
4 U.V. U.V. 6 3 O.V. O.V. 1
4.5V to 40V Sense IND Sense DRV
– IH
MC3425
10k O.V. U.V.
3 O.V. O.V. 1 DLY Gnd DLY
Sense DRV
100 2 7 5
O.V. U.V. 0.33µF
DLY Gnd DLY 0.01µF

R2A R2B 2 7 5
CDLY CDLY U.V. Sense
Gnd 2.5V
Pin 4
U.V. DLY 2.5V
R1B R2B R1A Pin 5
U.V. Hysteresis = IH , VO(trip) – 2.5 V 1+
R1B + R2B R2A U.V. IND OFF
tDLY = 12500 CDLY Pin 6 ON

Figure 13. Overvoltage Audio Alarm Circuit Figure 14. Programmable Frequency Switch

12V
+VO Input Signal 5.0µF
8
8 Output Pulse when:
VCC
12k Alarm On when: I.V. p–p 1
VCC 10k f(input) <
VO = 13.6 V 3 O.V. 1 25000 CDLY
O.V.
3 O.V. O.V. 1 Sense DRV
+ Sense DRV
10k MC3425 1.0k
12V 2.7k MC3425
Power 4 U.V.
4 U.V. 100Ω
Supply Sense
Sense U.V. O.V.
82k U.V. O.V. DLY Gnd DLY
DLY DLY Gnd 5 7 2
6.8k 5 2 7
0.1µF CDLY
0.1µF
Gnd
O.V. Sense
Pin 3 2.5V

O.V. DLY 2.5V

Pin 2
ON
O.V. DRV
OFF
Pin 1

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5

 MC3425
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The MC3425 is a power supply supervisory circuit source, IDLY(source), charging the external delay capacitor
containing all the necessary functions required to monitor (CDLY) to 2.5 V.
over and undervoltage fault conditions. The block diagram
is shown below in Figure 15. The Overvoltage (O.V.) and
Undervoltage (U.V.) Input Comparators are both Vref CDLY 2.5 CDLY
tDLY = = = 12500 CDLY
referenced to an internal 2.5 V regulator. The U.V. Input IDLY(source) 200 µA
Comparator has a feedback activated 12.5 µA current sink
(IH) which is used for programming the input hysteresis Figure 5 provides CDLY values for a wide range of time
voltage (VH). The source resistance feeding this input (RH) delays. The Delay pins are pulled low when the respective
determines the amount of hysteresis voltage by VH = IHRH input comparator’s noninverting input is less than the
= 12.5 × 10–6 RH. inverting input. The sink current, IDLY(sink), capability of the
Separate Delay pins (O.V. DLY, U.V. DLY.) are provided for Delay pins is ≥ 1.8 mA and is much greater than the typical
each channel to independently delay the Drive and Indicator 200 µA source current, thus enabling a relatively fast delay
outputs, thus providing greater input noise immunity. The two capacitor discharge time.
Delay pins are essentially the outputs of the respective input The Overvoltage Drive Output is a current–limited
comparators, and provide a constant current source, emitter–follower capable of sourcing 300 mA at a turn–on
IDLY(source), of typically 200 µA when the noninverting input slew rate at 2.0 A/µs, ideal for driving “Crowbar” SCR’s. The
voltage is greater than the inverting input level. A capacitor Undervoltage Indicator Output is an open–collector, NPN
connected from these Delay pins to ground, will establish a transistor, capable of sinking 30 mA to provide sufficient drive
predictable delay time (tDLY) for the Drive and Indicator for LED’s, small relays or shut–down circuitry. These current
outputs. The Delay pins are internally connected to the capabilities apply to both channels operating simultaneously,
noninverting inputs of the O.V. and U.V. Output Comparators, providing device power dissipation limits are not exceeded.
which are referenced to the internal 2.5 V regulator. The MC3425 has an internal 2.5 V bandgap reference
Therefore, delay time (tDLY) is based on the constant current regulator with an accuracy of ± 4.0% for the basic device.

Figure 15. Representative Block Diagram

VCC
8
+
+
O.V.
Sense 200µA
+
+ Input +Output
3 Comparator Comparator
– O.V. – O.V.

O.V.
+ 1 DRV
–
Output U.V.
200µA 6 IND
Comparator
U.V. + Input + U.V.
Sense Comparator +
– U.V.
4
2.5V
IH Reference
Regulator
12.5µA

5 2 7
Input Section U.V. O.V. Gnd Output Section
DLY DLY
Note: All voltages and currents are nominal.

6 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

 MC3425
CROWBAR SCR CONSIDERATIONS
Referring to Figure 16, it can be seen that the crowbar current flows through this turned–on gate region, very high
SCR, when activated, is subject to a large current surge from current densities can occur in the gate region if high anode
the output capacitance, Cout. This capacitance consists of currents appear quickly (di/dt). This can result in immediate
the power supply output capacitors, the load’s decoupling destruction of the SCR or gradual degradation of its forward
capacitors, and in the case of Figure 16A, the supply’s input blocking voltage capabilities – depending on the severity of
filter capacitors. This surge current is illustrated in Figure 17, the occasion.
and can cause SCR failure or degradation by any one of The value of di/dt that an SCR can safely handle is
three mechanisms: di/dt, absolute peak surge, or I2t. The influenced by its construction and the characteristics of the
interrelationship of these failure methods and the breadth of gate drive signal. A center–gate–fire SCR has more di/dt
the applications make specification of the SCR by the capability than a corner–gate–fire type, and heavily
semiconductor manufacturer difficult and expensive. overdriving ( 3 to 5 times IGT) the SCR gate with a fast < 1.0
Therefore, the designer must empirically determine the SCR µs rise time signal will maximize its di/dt capability. A typical
and circuit elements which result in reliable and effective OVP maximum number in phase control SCRs of less than 50
operation. However, an understanding of the factors which A(RMS) rating might be 200 A/µs, assuming a gate current of
influence the SCR’s di/dt and surge capabilities simplifies five times IGT and < 1.0 µs rise time. If having done this, a di/dt
this task. problem is seen to still exist, the designer can also decrease
the di/dt of the current waveform by adding inductance in
1. di/dt series with the SCR, as shown in Figure 18. Of course, this
As the gate region of the SCR is driven on, its area of reduces the circuit’s ability to rapidly reduce the dc bus
conduction takes a finite amount of time to grow, starting as a voltage and a tradeoff must be made between speedy
very small region and gradually spreading. Since the anode voltage reduction and di/dt.

Figure 16. Typical Crowbar Circuit Configurations

(A) SCR Across Input of Regulator

Series
Vin Regulator Vout

MC3425
+ +
Cin Cout

(B) SCR Across Output of Regulator

Series *
Vin Vout
Regulator
+ +
Cin Cout MC3425

*Needed if supply is not current limited.

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 7

 MC3425
Figure 17. Crowbar SCR Surge Current Waveform A WORD ABOUT FUSING
Before leaving the subject of the crowbar SCR, a few
l words about fuse protection are in order. Referring back to
lpk Figure 16A, it will be seen that a fuse is necessary if the
power supply to be protected is not output current limited.
di This fuse is not meant to prevent SCR failure but rather to
dt prevent a fire!
Surge Due to In order to protect the SCR, the fuse would have to
Output Capacitor
possess an I2t rating less than that of the SCR and yet have
Current Limited a high enough continuous current rating to survive normal
Supply Output supply output currents. In addition, it must be capable of
successfully clearing the high short circuit currents from the
supply. Such a fuse as this is quite expensive, and may not
t even be available.
The usual design compromise then is to use a garden
2. Surge Current variety fuse (3AG or 3AB style) which cannot be relied on to
If the peak current and/or the duration of the surge is blow before the thyristor does, and trust that if the SCR does
excessive, immediate destruction due to device overheating fail, it will fail short circuit. In the majority of the designs, this
will result. The surge capability of the SCR is directly will be the case, though this is difficult to guarantee. Of
proportional to its die area. If the surge current cannot be course, a sufficiently high surge will cause an open. These
reduced (by adding series resistance – see Figure 18) to a comments also apply to the fuse in Figure 16B.
safe level which is consistent with the system’s requirements
for speedy bus voltage reduction, the designer must use a CROWBAR SCR SELECTION GUIDE
higher current SCR. This may result in the average current As an aid in selecting an SCR for crowbar use, the
capability of the SCR exceeding the steady state current following selection guide is presented.
requirements imposed by the DC power supply.

Figure 18. Circuit Elements Affecting Device IRMS ITSM

SCR Surge & di/dt
MCR310 Series 10 A 100 A
MCR16 Series 16 A 150 A
RLead LLead MCR25 Series 25 A 300 A
R 2N6501 Series 25 A 300 A
ESR
MCR69 Series 25 A 750 A
Output MCR264 Series 40 A 400 A
ESL L
Cap MCR265 Series 55 A 550 A

To
MC3423

R & L EMPIRICALLY DETERMINED!

UNDERVOLTAGE SENSING
An undervoltage sense circuit with hysteresis may be
designed, as shown in Figure 11, using the following
equations:

R1 +
V
CCU
* VCC1
12.5 mA
R2 +
V CC1 * 2.5
2.5 R1

where: VCCU is the designed upper trip point

(output indicator goes off)
VCC1 is the lower trip point
(output indicator goes on)

8 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

 MC3425

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
P1 SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 626–05
ISSUE K

8 5

NOTES:
–B– 1. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
1 4 2. PACKAGE CONTOUR OPTIONAL (ROUND OR
SQUARE CORNERS).
3. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
F
MILLIMETERS INCHES
NOTE 2 –A– DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
L A 9.40 10.16 0.370 0.400
B 6.10 6.60 0.240 0.260
C 3.94 4.45 0.155 0.175
D 0.38 0.51 0.015 0.020
C F 1.02 1.78 0.040 0.070
G 2.54 BSC 0.100 BSC
H 0.76 1.27 0.030 0.050
–T– J J 0.20 0.30 0.008 0.012
SEATING N K 2.92 3.43 0.115 0.135
PLANE L 7.62 BSC 0.300 BSC
M M ––– 10_ ––– 10_
D K N 0.76 1.01 0.030 0.040
H G
0.13 (0.005) M T A M B M

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 9

 MC3425
NOTES

10 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

 MC3425
NOTES

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 11

 MC3425

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the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in Motorola
data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals”
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Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

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*MC3425/D*
12 ◊ MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
M3425/D
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