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Useful Language For Writing and Speaking (Modified)

The document provides a list of useful language expressions for academic writing and speaking. These include phrases for introducing topics, opinions, other people's opinions, agreement/disagreement, preferences, starting discussions, continuing discussions, examples/explanations, arguments, counter-arguments, rebuttals, acknowledging opposing arguments, conclusions, advantages, disadvantages, solutions, problems, reasons and effects. The list covers a range of language functions to help structure ideas in academic writing and speaking.

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71 views

Useful Language For Writing and Speaking (Modified)

The document provides a list of useful language expressions for academic writing and speaking. These include phrases for introducing topics, opinions, other people's opinions, agreement/disagreement, preferences, starting discussions, continuing discussions, examples/explanations, arguments, counter-arguments, rebuttals, acknowledging opposing arguments, conclusions, advantages, disadvantages, solutions, problems, reasons and effects. The list covers a range of language functions to help structure ideas in academic writing and speaking.

Uploaded by

Vũ Đỗ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Academic Writing & Speaking Mr.

Ha’s TOEFL iBT/IELTS Courses


www.facebook.com/hanguyen0477

Useful Language for Writing and Speaking


1. To introduce the topic
Nowadays there is a growing tendency …
It is common nowadays for …to…
There is ever-increasing/ever-growing number of …
Recently (the phenomenon) has aroused wide/much concern…
Recently (the problem/issue) has been brought into focus…
Whether S + V + O (or not) is a controversial/debatable/disputable/provocative issue.
Whether S + V + O (or not) is an issue that gives rise to endless controversy.
Whether S + V + O (or not) is a matter of remarkable controversy.
There is a serious debate as to whether S + V + O (or not).
There is a serious debate as to whether it is better/more enjoyable to … or to …
People have different ideas about whether it is better/more preferable to … or to …

2. To introduce your opinion


In my opinion/view,
Personally, I tend to think/believe/feel that …
From my perspective/point of view/standpoint,
As far as I am concerned,

3. To introduce other people’s opinion


Some people say/feel/think/believe/argue/claim/maintain that … because S + V + O.
Many people hold the view that … because S + V + O.
Some people prefer/enjoy/like … because S + V + O.

4. To show agreement or disagreement


Subject (Noun Phrase - Gerund) + Verb (is) + Object
(beneficial/necessary/essential/advisable/important/critical/crucial/ vital/a good idea) for
the following reasons…/because S+V+O.
… bring(s) a variety/a number of benefits

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Academic Writing & Speaking Mr.Ha’s TOEFL iBT/IELTS Courses
www.facebook.com/hanguyen0477

5. To state a preference
… is the better option for the following reasons…/because S+V+O.
… is more enjoyable/betterfor the following reasons…/because S+V+O.

6. To start a discussion
First of all/Firstly/To begin with/In the first place/First and foremost,
The first reason for my belief is that …

7. To continue a discussion
Secondly, Lastly/Finally,
Another reason for my belief is that
Above all/most importantly/most significantly,
Furthermore/Moreover/In addition/Besides this/What is more,
More importantly/more significantly,
In addition to/Along with/Besides/Aside from + Noun/Gerund phrase

8. To introduce examples or explanation


For example/For instance/By way of illustration/To name but a few,
That is/In fact/In other words/To put it another way/To put it simply
What I mean is that S + V + O
Take … as an example/instance
A good case in point is …/… is a good case in point
The most familiar example of (this) is …
…is often/generally cited/quoted as an example of …

9. To introduce an argument
It is clear that …/It seems (likely) that …
It is true/often the case that …
It should be borne in mind that …
It can be argued/demonstrated/clearly seen that …
It is generally/widely accepted/argued/held/believed that …
There is no doubt/little question that …
There is evidence to demonstrate/indicate/suggest that …

2
Academic Writing & Speaking Mr.Ha’s TOEFL iBT/IELTS Courses
www.facebook.com/hanguyen0477

10. To introduce a counter-argument


Those who are in favor of … may argue/claim that …
Some proponents of … may argue/claim that …
Some opponents of … may argue/claim that…
Those who are against … may insist that …
Despite such benefits, … continue(s) to attract critics, who claim that …
Another objection to … may be that …

11. To introduce a rebuttal


However, such argument is inconclusive/invalid/absurd/ridiculous/unfounded/illogical/not to
be taken seriously/has no scientific basic.
However, this view is open to doubt/not always the case/not necessarily true/unlikely to be
true/highly debatable/highly speculative/cannot be upheld.

12. To acknowledge an opposing argument


While/Whereas this may be true, … does not necessarily …
Although/Even though S + V + O, S + V + O.
Despite/In spite of the fact that S + V + O, S + V + O.

13. To present a conclusion


To sum up/to summarize/to conclude/in summary/in conclusion/in short/all in all/in brief,
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that …
As I have illustrated/discussed above/As have been said,
As the aforementioned examples show,
All the reasons and examples discussed above bring us to the conclusion that …
All things considered,
It can be concluded/deduced/inferred that …

14. To introduce advantages


- …bring a number of (a variety/ a range of) advantages/good
points/benefits/merits/upsides/plus points/the best aspects of …
- One of the main (major, significant, essential, important, and noticeable)
positives/advantages/benefits/merits/plus points/upsides of something/for someone is that

3
Academic Writing & Speaking Mr.Ha’s TOEFL iBT/IELTS Courses
www.facebook.com/hanguyen0477

15. To introduce disadvantages


- One of the biggest disadvantages/drawbacks/downsides/bad points/demerits of … is that
- Another negative side of … is that …
- In this essay, I will discuss the advantages & disadvantages of … and offer my opinion.
- After the final analysis, my own view is that the advantages of …may
outweigh/exceed/outnumber its disadvantages

16. To introduce solutions


- A solution (answer/resolution/remedy/way out of the problem) is for (the government) to
- To tackle (solve/resolve/deal with/cope with/handle/address) this problem, (people)
should …
- The way forward might be to …
- This problem (question/issue/matter/challenge/difficulty) could be addressed by …
- Dealing with this issue involves/means …
- In this essay, I will discuss main causes of/main effects of …and propose/put
forward/come up with some possible solutions

17. To introduce problems


The first/biggest problem (question/issue/matter/challenge/difficulty) of/with/in … is (that)
… pose/present/face a challenge (problem/threat/danger)to/ of/with/in …

18. To introduce a reason (cause) & effect


One of the biggest (main) reasons for + NOUN/ + why S + V + O is (that)…
Another/ An additional cause of/contributor to/factor in …is (that)…
Result in/cause/trigger/lead to/bring about/contribute to/be responsible for/
Result from/be a result of/be a consequence of/be due to/

19. To discuss benefits


Help sb do smth/allow sb to do smth/enable sb to do smth
give (offer/bring) sb an opportunity (chance) to do smth/for smth
provide sb with smth = equip sb with smth

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