WORLD

FLORICULTURE
SECTOR
• Floriculture is a specialized branch of horticulture that deals
with the commercial production of cut flowers, loose
flowers, cut greens, seeds, bulbs, and landscape plants,
their marketing, and value-added products from them.
• The feelings of love, affection, and joy are conveyed
effectively with these non-speaking beauties of nature
• Flowers have a definite role to play in almost all occasions
of human affairs like birth, marriage, worship, adornments,
and death.
• Floriculture is a dynamic, global, fast-growing industry
characterized by important changes in the distribution
network (Rikken, 2010)
• Floricultural production contains a wide variety of different
types of plants and plant materials.
• It comprises of commercial production of cut flowers, loose
flowers, cut greens, seeds, bulbs and landscape plants,
their marketing and production of value added products
from them.
COMPONENTS OF
FLORICULTURE
INDUSTRY
Cutflower cultivation
• like rose, gerbera, tuberose, gladiolus,
chrysanthemum, etc.
Loose flower cultivation
• include many traditional flowers like marigold,
china aster, jasmine, crossandra, barleria, etc.
Protected cultivation
• area under protected cultivation has been
expanded in recent years from 500 ha to
around 5000 ha. Major flowers cultivated are
rose, gerbera, carnation, etc.
High value flower crops
• high value flowers like Asiatic ginger lily, protea,
heliconia, orchids, bird of paradise, etc. are being
cultivated in comparatively smaller area but these
fetch higher returns per unit area owing to high
flower value.

Essential oils and flower perfumes

• flowers like rose, jasmine, tuberose, etc. are
generally known to rich in essential oils. Rosa
damscena is exclusively cultivated for extraction of
essential oils, rose water, attar, gulkard, etc.
Flower seeds and bulbs production
• production of seasonal flower seeds for all three
seasons is also a highly lucrative business. Bulbs,
corms and tubers production of plants increased as
the demand of people is increasing. Hybrid seed
production is money making business which
ultimately helps in quality flower production
Landscape gardening
• this includes landscape consultancy, landscape
planning and designing, establishment and
maintenance contracts, etc.
• This is highly money spinner business owing to the
Landscape gardening
• growing industries, population along with general
eco-friendly awareness and need for green view.
• there is regular demand for systematic avenue
plantation, traffic island landscaping, landscaping of
public places and socities.
• Allied- industries associated with floriculture: like
green house construction and installation, shade net
manufacturing, grading-pacakaging machines, etc.
have come up and flourishing well owing to high
demand with the expanding area under protected
cultivation.
Nursery
• Ornamental plant nursery is today's lucrative
business where we have a wide range of
nurseries based on whole sale or retail,
indoor/shade loving plants, tissue culture plants,
commercial flowering plants, shrubs, climbers
and tree seedlings for landscaping, annual
plants, bulbous flowers, etc.
• high demand of lawn species for landscaping as
well as plant rental services in the nurseries.
Floristry
• the technique of floristry consists of bouquet
designing and making, flower arranging in
western and eastern styles and decorative for
stage shows, mandaps, vehicles,
banquethalls, etc. for different occasions,
shows, weddings, celebrations, etc.
• this is highly remunerative flower based
business that fetches high returns in
comparatively short period.
Value addition
• value addition of floriculture produce through drying
or extracting of color pigments and can add value to
the tune of 30-100% to fresh flowers.
• dry flowers contributes around 70% revenue of
totlfloriculture export, unfortunately, very little
importance has been given to this industry, which
has tremendous export potential.
• lotus, pods, popy seed heads, camellias, straw
flower, statice, delphinium, lavender, dahlia,
bellcaps, african marigold, jute flowers, wood roses,
etc. are major flowers that are air dried and used.
Value addition
• natural dyes, colors and pot pourri are also value
added products of flowers.
• natural dyes make from marigold, hibiscus, Bixa,
Butea monosperma, etc. are substitute for the
synthetic colors which are harmful for human health.
 INTERNATIONAL EXPORT
Production POTENTIAL
TOP 10 MAJOR FLOWER
• The major importing
PRODUCING COUNTRIES
countries of cut
(KHAN,2018)
flowers are:
⚬ Netherlands
• NETHERLAND - 52% ⚬ USA
• COLUMBIA - 15% ⚬ Germany • The five flowers:
⚬ France ⚬ Rose
• ECUADOR - 9%
⚬ UK ⚬ Chrysanthemum
• KENYA - 7%
⚬ Switzerland ⚬ Carnation
• BELGIUM - 3% ⚬ Tulip
⚬ Italy and
• ETHIOPIA - 2% ⚬ Lily
⚬ Japan
• MALAYSIA - 1% • account for 70-75%
• ITALY - 1% of world trade
• GERMANY - 1%
 FLOWER TRADE IN THE WORLF IN 2017 (EXPORT)
TRADE PATTERNS
FloraHoland Facts and Figures, 2017
• CUTFLOWERS • Total Value Flower trade in the world: 7,465
⚬ Europe euro millions
⚬ North America ⚬ Cut flowers : 2,738
⚬ Asia ⚬ Pot plants : 1,554
⚬ Africa ⚬ Garden plants : 1,319
• POTTED PLANTS ⚬ Bulbs : 1,854
⚬ Europe
⚬ North America
⚬ South America
⚬ Asia
⚬ Africa
 FLOWER SEED INDUSTRY

• World seed business of ornamental seeds -

$1.0 billion
• World seed consumption - $ 50 billion
⚬ Netherlands - leading exporter of nursery
stock - 85% share
⚬ Germany & US - Major importers of nursery
stocks
 DRY FLOWER
INDUSTRY
• Most promising area in floriculture is the dry flower industry

• Dry flowers have good demand in international markets

⚬ Components of Dry Flower Industry

￭ Handmade paper Greeting cards

￭ Pomander

￭ Flower wreaths

￭ Wall hangings

￭ Flower arrangements

￭ Book holder

￭ Pot pourries etc.

• Flower arrangements including dried samples of cone, foliage, bulb r ushes, flower like rose buds, lilies, and plant

material enhance the beauty of dry flowers, adding more export value to the floriculture industry.
EXPORT OF DRY FLOWERS

• Netherlands - 51.20%
• Israel - 14.20%
• Nigeria - 5.60%
• India - 4.80%

IMPORT OF DRY FLOWERS

• UK - 40.70%
• France
• Japan
 NATURAL DYE
INDUSTRY
• Herbal dyes being natural tend to be softer and their range of tones is
very pleasant
• At present total market of herbal dyes are about US $1 billion and is
growing tremendously @ of 12% per annum. Per capita consumption
of dyes is 400g to 5kgs in developed and undeveloped countries for
their utility in paints, inks, textiles, polymers, etc.
• Nature has gifted more than 500 color-yielding plants
⚬ Flower Pigments
• Anthocyanins - red, purple and blue colors; water soluble
• Flavones - pale yellow colors; water soluble
• Carotenes - yellow, orange, and red colors; oil or fat soluble
 OPPORTUNITIES
• Europe offers opportunities by growth in high quality product with added value
• The Japanese market will show growth. Besides very high quality products a niche market
for a reasonable price/quality ratio is developing
• Producers and traders have to focus on high quality product
• USA offers the most possibilities when it comes to an increase of consumption
• Availability of proper infrastructure
• Availability of skilled manpower
• Expanding domestic market rapidly
• Awareness among farmers
• Growing awareness for quality production in nurseries and development of several insentive
tissue culture units.
• Constant research on hi-tech water and nutrition management in cut flowers in different
research centers
• Availability and adoptability of sophisticated irrigation systems and climate control systems.
 CHALLENGES
• Africa offers the least opportunities; there is a lot of poverty and
lot of countries are politically unstable
• Production in countries like Zimbabwe and Ivory Coast has
decreased because of the political situation in the country
• Inadequacy and high cost of air cargo flight
• Lack of facilities for research and development
• Big initial investment on farms
• Lack of improved systems of marketing
• Lack of information on plant protection measures
 STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME
THE CHALLENGES
• Air-flight should be reduced to a reasonable level
• Sufficient cargo space may be provided in airlines
• Extablishment of model nurseries for supplying genuine planting
material
• Co-operative florist organizations and joint venture should be
established at regional level
• Training centers for diploma course on the pattern ITI for training the
personnel floriculture should be set up
• Exporters should plan and monitor effective quality control measures
right from production to postharvesting, storage, and transportation
• Government support
 FUTURE STRATEGIES FOR
BLOOMING FLORA INDUSTRY
• Evolving new high yielding varieties. This will prevent heavy royalty from imported
varieties.
• Standardization of crop specific greenhouse cultivation practices.
• Cold-storage facility needs to be created at the airports and railway stations along with
cold-refrigerated vans and compartments for transportation via roadways and railways
• Joint ventures should be established with the companies in other countries for exchange
to technology.
• Direct cargo flights from production centers to auction or destination centers should be
arranged for fresh delivery of produce as flowers being highly perishable commodity
• Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary measures are to be adopted while dealing with exports.
• Traditional flowers should be popularized
• Awareness should be created for popularizing flower cultivation through seminars,
demonstrations, flowers shows and exhibits
• Online information system of floriculture products in which growers can participate in the
online auction at national and international level needs to be developed.
THANK
YOU