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Chapter 2 PROCESS OF DIGESTION

The document summarizes the process of digestion in the human digestive system. It describes the 11 major parts of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum, and anus. It explains the functions of each part and how they work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste from the body.

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Sami Ingles
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257 views2 pages

Chapter 2 PROCESS OF DIGESTION

The document summarizes the process of digestion in the human digestive system. It describes the 11 major parts of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum, and anus. It explains the functions of each part and how they work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste from the body.

Uploaded by

Sami Ingles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NCM 105 – CHAPTER 2: PROCESS OF DIGESTION

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DIGESTION
 Process of breaking down food into substances like carbohydrates,
proteins, fats and vitamins that aid the body in its different
functions.

Parts of the Human Digestive System


1. MOUTH
 Digestion begins in the mouth where food is broken down
to pieces by chewing
 Food mixes with saliva and broken down so that the body
can absorb and use

2. THROAT
 Also known as pharynx
 Transfers food from the mouth to the esophagus
 Warms, moistens, and filters air before food is moved into the trachea

3. ESOPHAGUS
 Through peristalsis, food goes to the stomach
 Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) closes to prevent food from going back to the
esophagus

4. STOMACH
 Holds, mixes and grinds food
 Secretes acid and powerful enzymes that carry on the process of breaking down food
 Food leaves the stomach in liquid or paste form and moves to the small intestine

5. SMALL INTESTINE
 Parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
 Duodenum – continuous the process of breaking down food
 Jejunum/ileum – are responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
 The stomach and the small intestine are supported by three organs in digesting food:
pancreas, liver, gallbladder

6. PANCREAS
 Secretes enzymes into the small intestine which breakdown protein, fats and carbo from
food

7. LIVER
 Produces and secretes bile which helps in digestion and the absorption of fats and fat
soluble vit.
 Cleanse and purifies the blood that comes from the small intestine which contains the
nutrients absorbed from food

8. GALLBLADDER
 Bile made in the liver are being stored in the gallbladder through a cystic duct
 During meals it contract and sends bile into the small intestine
 Leftover or waste are passed to the large intestine or colon

9. LARGE INTESTINE
 Parts: cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon
NCM 105 – CHAPTER 2: PROCESS OF DIGESTION
Page | 2
 Stool passes by means of contraction or peristaltic movement first in liquid then to solid
form and empties into the rectum

10. RECTUM
 Receives stool from the colon and holds until defecation
 Sensors send a message to the brain which decides if the rectal contents can be released
or not
 The sphincter relaxes and expel the contents

11. ANUS
 Parts: pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and 2 anal sphincters
 PFM – stops stool from coming out when it is not supposed to
 Sphincter – provide control in the elimination of stool

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