a~ colle = techniques ~ chorea me = Equivalent Create —Anvery Blotsagnen tar pest PV Ky sterme ond tt Ooupohentd — Peak Powe operation = ganet ale gerd « ENteguated egfetene - m ai. i Dagicwoter nig ont, be si Of wind anergy Eyota latind APL and power eelatior — Power extracted ofr wind- =) fered 5 Kaerd Ardent bution and wind 1 : dyeter retions —hlrnd Power KF 4 wating. . Cam ponent type“ of Choice of Janeretore Yarable &perc! opere Hon- Masimure power Beegion Contes! Syctem’ — dgater design Gonnected Electetcal peo tures _ Gerdolone and gra‘yo ltaie) 0 h nologies: a4 “fy Wek é Vv (photo- yo Ihaic) } + PV Converte. enlight int atecteeity Caing 4 gagicor st <8" ameteric! Crosreally Ailicon): © githen tight Eixikes the celle © portion ta Obka boo! eorthin the geri conductor maferal Bmecktng ecfectroné loore oond atlowing ‘qrery tr flow: x TAIL Aedulte im an glecdeic current ona Het Otecroty production. Cola gqghexrmals eee etree Tefev veal +o by 4 Bach ad Alor panel fo 1s ¢ Golax ghermal pore! Numbers of défferent,! hammer heater frlar hot water Lolas Thexcoal pore! water Hae water ot Golor thesrmal cilectys- collectos, Be At of the above alevices work by abhosting danlight and Convettu }atnts cdable feat: ques: ied Heating and Cooting Techni ola Racaive Heating: 1 ei energy, ean ie ucodt tow paseo aes ort aes apeiane then bal Aim ae: werecede te a Aurtable Y ples of best in vex Butler ae Oral footac--Paxd ys A poce Heatir BA n> 154 ang, cs BS amostimmar heat ea &olax rectietion. DeaAg, tin ; ptive Kouth wat! eee eee iy — BM farts wat if ficther " previeted e ee ON, glade Gheet covering euith and ‘the eo al gop Pibereerc the Coe eet covert 2 ype egy eS : sey The imevolent eolaw ractiation after pasting aheet aovertng 1 apsonbed by | taeugh the ‘the pheéesrmal yetong2 wall eg. woe jn onvgap Weer onli apres int the EPO freated of Ahowr in &cte the pai toting to be an tee | jmt> the pace na cl from The a aie ie q tower Pact ve ‘gola~ Héating using pal Oe ep ttec tor it Eigace a: orny 29 aahfee . fouth i for ie Povvioted Worth woek neve ry term, t Ou ee here na catlectey tant eat s : ae oer heat energy from rockalent Pea tion ints th.) yooh bad EI e-vaila, , ; Fe ce, pee Ktoved’ energy im the sock beol A es ae ot mi ght cohen Qis if Padred Hhaveeg Hien arch bog ang ower aly erterg to the pace to be heated, Selax Passive Cooling : Hor materal tooling , the Opprrack WW ta Beoluce ceemMece tary thermal loaole emtering the buitaling, for example: 07> Alivect Aanlight entering the building, | which can be weoluced by ufe OGRA breakers OF fhacling the windows, Walle fivet Gnd bert woofs, fc» Mer ie nee i bail ating wedeced by Perperhumidification: dissg: Re prothod > Preverte heating frm the enterxing the frouge. yentlation method = Wore ain ik eet Ome and cecl ourAicle air ia fackeol indice by anliZnng tie chico red effect Evapore hor method—> & ffective in alsy regione, Where Cooling ta main Haine! by ati FZ IMg the Imtesrat heat te gvaporsté aQater: “Pastiation tooling > Black plazte boge kepe over woof Ov" the &RY at night: Nocturnal waplintion pole ree ; thie coater ablorhe freat form Apes Beog fmes the wo f nae EE. thermal fating 3a st : ee water, ,e © hlor 1aGer. emer Gop 9.” walker uncer Of, 70" fact that Ground tempera ture te a metal expe ted & proee rom es ‘ Biv stor pe wa he tesThA gcheme Utilize, 4 iax eeunnee effect’ and fa, effective where eutaide temperatures Ase moderate’. # dola~ radiation it allowed, to heat up the ons betoeen the Glazing and the Tin terior Mouth wath \ yh. bested ais sheex. up, (4 ducted from the 700M Wapeiderand the ware alr tn. the Bevan Ite thie ctpace ctue paoturel draught that prducecl. AE Oo vedutt, proti.dut aide air! -entexc the goo fr doe. bottom air Other. side of fhe som. Solax pareive cooling thereugh dehumi cation! x Yn a clehumidlifscation & Riven, the ¢ Geatl Dg i TD A vent om the ture content of the and cooling 1 mafntatimedl by oma “erspore tion,7 sonar AIVING ms RADIATION SPACE ra a Bee GSiccclov paccrve teoling though ‘ ole hu miali fication, Qadt-and wert facing walls of 4 ey worth peowid baths. Bs ie The FEpeciatly designed houfe are a> Rolid adlsovbent materials ancl Wwasey, ie matmtained using 4 # Aix Civculotion ohimrey afpect! gn the moening. when the falar .vooliation, the fz tected ot tciole. polea tg ht Fe he Wheaas Ele. 2 te Hruc paroluced, ingide ewes side Or pirat 9 TRE “Eheoming asied up by a gotiol aoléowbent ee eat ol al, by padsirg ‘ topo matively cooled one water the ¢ r DOM, 0 ‘ the oost- Laliol coléorbert cuaxe vat igumoeaae tow ocerws | est ateae mm 3 lax collector, cwhich rage devicer which cor ice oe pee ted corey fos uxe at nightr Phetement lage, x back up Eq4étem to paride hreot fo wtode of bacl weather. je trans ferred from the avilectoss OF Dp : Kt 92 means b Convente rat ment , &uch a¢ fen opi! et water 1 Parvicleot « sfan, duct ancl ais outliers are ered, colren heat granéfes meolturn | i Oe. nite, cohen het o Hat water dy ater +he eatedt water fave bh an Guxilary b cohen the (water Lp prescriber lever, fos & pace heating . the Waver ey be Parmped Hroagh mepiator! OF racy be ted epoat cols tm O Meetes to CS heat eae 7 = - : i ‘ ws \ during poxeral Operation, the three 2 OY yatyes ive fet pesmit Bolar preateol water ep oe: 1S FOC RG S gang 00d jetere b> flow from q heater the Liat bution &Y tank.” + Aeveral Clocoly cheuge, the peat in i aoljust bypode the: storage Hterk. dhe heater at the that ore: woould be in Upe osticee tell below { the tank, the pump! rena Gall, aggre: ee Seiaibela, cute” tee Mg oe Hectoe | to tHeBleoew = Dam usd Pes: Three e. : Pole een soi ee Pig use. 2: M fie? bertion K pee Schematic be Basie whot Gon ‘ , active ay atem # BY adjusting the dam p BU ado J gE: SRF: m peer, the hos ted Beta feo the. callector tan be di rioled betvcer eck, Storage anol the diets bution © ys tere ok right be required by the Gono tiond: pp Pe example, wwhen the fan chiner after x Pie : - Keverat Clously olawye, Jenne, -chedivabie 7 wetilige | Phe arailaple heat olixectiy f0 the Ofte bat eqeter gether than: placing PE Ti rl kde Fe PTvo three way yalyee Can be wie 2 aldo vq Corrya, Vests Sunlight roto Olecdat chy. moet Comvest< sunlight into elect city i. otp vo ttaric ofgect. Pe ess . once fhe ar also called photovoltaic etl. 1 sfrort Metetlic Gai ‘chanel +. TBs n-type “cilieon P-type Ailicen | ZIT Opaque ‘back Figure!" op metal Correct PMtmecton of dolar cel) perio: \ Hi the! Kolox cot condik te of ae L Yeh: P-type Ailicon mate eal PP arctan ty pe Ai licor matedal later lager THock 1) PENG Front, mretellic gre! \ CV) Opaque WOE BY mieital cepntack A. metatiic grid at top with ty pe mocterday , germina) vaendl %” opaque act af pegative bottom of P-type | contact at the Revere eto! motedal Wap eree . lof it 7 2 amount of. cee city generated by 4 porn aeperrt on the amount Ota Sag), ie:Pee : Techniques: = Sent aaa 4 == a i # Yr market, varity of Felar calle, "aa Noble. There Celle ore mace ating aie / io mame of 4 particular Eolaxe cell Or me Cet technelegy olepend« 0” the mame oj 2 Materiat uwxed (9 fhat partic lar technology. MA, : | # The porpestier of rmeateriale useol in different Ptype ef color Celle ave dligjerent #ience different types of clar Celle hare Oifferents valier of olay Cell pawrametere Hike Uffrciency Cn), ehort civaiit orvvent density CU) abd OTRU factor *t: Commercial, Solax cot) TH Hele OF e¢ Golax cell ty pec 1 bas Bee Glicer | Pone-doqetatline Ailicon iu cet! Poly or mutticrye dating Crme- Si)“ @itteen folo~ Cell: wee gilfeon Pv Clie were OF 4 fre _ vestety: Re cnyate) 0 and Rea Boat “th - gilieon “Py family, x , oft ce fps faor filicon dioxide Aaa j4é) vecluced dy alice: with ly Vem pars tied: : exyatalline ‘fore RUE if fixet: purified fo, poly ha. thee furthey Converted Mee oA fingie enya rte! atate. The conyexaror povcece 1M zirgle Orepetel eteate ie Veh LEPOMABVE Px The Bingte eryctel , p-ty Pe Bilicon jé ob Fained [at ca block a long eatin ale Orr). jo the droxo of (diameter of about. & x The bleck i# aawedl using gilion & diamond cutter a number of licex oF wafer of about 300 fm AAS then expoded to optein having thickmee wafer ¥The p-tdPe ci licon ©. P phora< vapour Colo ping saaceeia ing & “that .pheoé phoseax con, diffuwe piven Mires Ar leer | forming fe fee Beeb ost dle pth, these by wofer Peyalicor segron) “Over the p-@licor both etal: 5 ae neren le es fe eryetal’ Hieoe mu q t and apbest: t 1a molt °Q rerent, : Petey yen andmest hs ie vas teh Ree anee in, theiw pavaluc on” ngte- ongatel gille eros fot tp '4 %. ane mf cturing pt Pee : production 06, single angetelline that obted red clopirg , mclti ce Y pilion je product by coolima. | a EY verre thaped be obtained Bart in: eng éilicon. i | vt je alee poAmble to weduce. the core 5 2neroy egecrop er 7 Peony. cerh : we ‘petted Ltalline Conte iled Arlida can Firm SorAR CELL: DA mevp howe Burcsroceasaiy, dolar cell: | hous “Kilicon Cethe are weed PEN Tuding thin» film Bpeiatresnc-tives te dingle oF Hime cells. 4 a phoux Bilin hae no preci o4ole d 4 trceethiye, Pin’ tp randomnet off bo att i cece rite fechnology « hesex ne MnP op icarTier ee wp houk Gilicer 8 4 immaterial: Te Ci Kow efpioerey ch) Degracte Tig. OUTHOO™ wa thes “C44: be Bt) application ci) Cadmium qgelturide cell: Ant seflech¥e op, COCHNG nduch arent § MS nd Glau hubsirate a | ree ne Pr in type Cas EVAC Ethylene Viny! lea) Ls Back metal Com . p type cde taet leo xoiBagk glace Etgure t° Basie ttructure of Cotte cot aCdTe hac & favorable dlivect band Fop of 44 ev. « Thir file feterrgeneour junction woith Mister Na a p-type ColTe if qa bel cated: o4 thown in Figuee (+ , Po drone parent Conducting onde layer ix aéed ‘ of mertattic, eoneact at the top or the i Actate) ye uae for cethylene viry oe “ie bout '01' PP ARI yp EOS we 5 has anrigatios mone a fa) me xpendve. ; ¥ yt hae-ar effrereney od tok. 34108 Moet TuNeTioN SocaR., CELL? Gattiure Axdemote wll: x imple Gos celle far thin Piles mtyPe Gard p type bitrate. it other Gade Gaver or ® auita ftructurer have Caxccading of "em _ layers of p ana m materiale foemeol caring | elements | import tree farm x The effrerciee fn land) oan even be ephaned O7 . Qahs AAbttoatos vo | Characterience oF - Py SYeTEMe: ———————————————— EThe welt now atbrvectipeae Ot, Bm po po janetien te thown Ml eilteon ae a dark Charaieteriate ovis pot Pilar! rate hs iaaemegwards at the, photen- ort ie addled corth weverce vent: ATOR. Sty RE Merete Tr. ae BS Seat re Tngolation zs us Sits 4 ma CSolax Racli ation) - Tread Figuse 2: Juv characteristic uminateot pr junction ot ite of dark and yeh ules ae junction 1 hort aire teof decimals, V=e BGpe z3 -Ts. @ shows thot cher junction ie wacliotedl with Suns rey na Rhowt civeuited at ite terminalé, a finite Cuevrent catled Khost ct weet quseent (eure) ftows Hho ugh the 2xtema) | creas (ond rae magni tucle onl, On? folar 7 ee an; Fe aang Fg whichcetl: | Olax « cet} Pratemt Cfret of aolew fie I-V Chara te rixtic of be derives fev dest Co malic, ac erinlenm internal Keri ee fckik ta mee’ bediadance Oe both have the — e as Fer and ghunt x Yn attusl practice, however, | finite Weluex, which would atter Charected eHe: DY the iolea! one folox ce! practical eq ase &howe mI| “I “Peak Powex Operetiort: e much energy at fo owdex t? Bai fle foo the Regher coety ‘pr Cat) fe 14 Siieaple to Ope~o** the cell to porduee it ertim POLer.’ cart be ¥ The Maximure powey point CPrm) re tnedd by plotting ithe hyper bola defined by tang ental t? : re constant, gach trate rit 4 v5 i Characteristic. FORE eoartent ciquee mort etre fe De Power, Point I-v thawactert ete ee promi tan. Pewee ® > pointme. — yg and Current comed re peak- point vo) shage Ven On) current Tre wes pectivela, point on the sroluce the the i inciole P i« only ome Characterdete at eehich j+ coll PI | maximum electrical pow” under Hlemination level ” Opexeting at otter than dhe racine Powe, x that the cell coin pavoluce 4 point wit! mean anal more thes mal pegrer lectricat power er. KE The maximum Powsr point O» peak power Pepoint co” be cf> unol bd plotting ce tt Power Verfuc woth voltage. w¥clesenece of the Charactgaivtica to the preetsagu tar aheape le a meacure of the serena, lp 0+ fhe cell, Te An toleay eet) cpoeloal have oa perfect Aectangular ,chavacteafetic, y Thexedove) the 'fiti factor,FF which imal fea the Qera tity af a cel te defined ax tre patio Of the peak power to the Ppaoduct of ne chreneit vo tage ana Khovt- chructt Cee een hare a ful factor of tchemey cc Eolar Ce as} | cet wittSdlax Pv Module coith F Bein! facie" Pye PSRE esop bag! ror Pv Moctules % A Py Oxwary tonsiate of a Number of Folan panel cwhith are inetallec jm an Orray field. (The: folax panels. may, be jrretatlec! OF : Fationary facing the KUN oO jae tattect ith Lome teackin preohaniv¢m, FThe tndtatiation khould encuve that ino pane! boat coxt Khadow on any of the nelgbbourieg pohele . Bee colay., FY eqatem oletigr can be dere. thavegh below 2 PO co dood ge mation : f number of Py ponele fePY Keir? lb) Ectimation © Cc) Covt ek timation fetige eerie ee OTe for & CFLS a 18 peat t? pach), & fens Cbo satte each) hrs a ology. axtimation?cea} Potwer Out put ¥ - coos ert. ea operating feet PbS \i we Actual mot Bees xe a. t péak 8B = 30% 8 = ato watt Diocer fant >. ¥ Number . of £0 law panele vegedvecl t Boticty given eet mateo! loci ly hoaol ial oe, Craily Loac) eee de s Daily anergy Perclutod) Bipa a paren Se 1936 Biatags Bsqte 4 of Orage = No.of Pv roodecter KX toft f No olec| = 4x B00 = Rf. 38,000oe rey depe a moodle , ie cs ¥ ding ae py dyareme: (BEP) Le Batlating integrated Phote vo varied CBIPW if the, Integration of photrve tales Trt» the 0 steltng. envelope: Pench ie ae Hhodules eesve of baitding bing replacing Conver pal toling” ahve lope rate vols ~and’ the dural function tional powera wien 6 2 . F 19904, BI Py Perea hee “peote designed to be° jrrtegrorest Tote a 3 te become Commercially available stems are Condi dese) itn be moatertalé and they eof itp etre Siam v4! MHiduen ete ral batleting therefore usaaity design function. For example, 4 BIPV | aor integral Component ‘of the building ‘envelope, a. folas emergy KyAtem thas jonevates Cleednicity ow the buitoling., yeThe standlare element Of 4 BIPV 44a ie the PV Modlute. Yrdiricras Kolar. Celle ‘ave jnbes tor mected omapculatad, laminated on | Glatt ancl framed ty form a meotute. * ieee“ are Same together! in an - geviee with cables and wires Peon PY On Direct os diffuse Bu nlight falling on the NAP etic Induces the photrvoliene effects UNM*CGutateol De electric Powes: BI oo! «power: can be Uuged, Stores! 17 4 ee os fot tb an invertes tha’ Fe powes intr OE Blecteietty can Be. iettaol ic Abe:=] ee rok Ba evan | i OOS Thay psrerse J : 1 ' - ae | t GY pamconeiies Ratierier o Bi Samp | Mode | Avaol Figasen a pase Ktand- alere py Ayrton KThe MPPT gonces the Voltage ond current _ Oetpete of the Orme and Ahfacts ae perati "8 mpclint: > exjoart maximum power s e. Gven Clrrot's Condifione, . erm af the Onrey afrer ct eae feads. The array Output in excere a enhedlat eri ‘when the fun Mc, ipaat-» Otvaila ble teen baHeny applies tHe lead tHeoough det ac converter, | prhe battery alis Charge diede Dg prevent< the | battery frre being overcharged after the | Chav ger if opened. | “yg the Guvay Bede Dy ie fe isolate fhe Oxray _feom the battery prevent battery aeecharge | thaoagh aw oey abusing ee | pa reece Contyviles ig Corrterert Contorties for | tHe antive Kyeterm MY Yt Collects the Kyste esis of charge/olischar ge epetehe4 the generating power and | Commasce the charger and Gurep | ef operation. w arate ana Reape Etate of the battery, toad GMof beater on- [Grid-Tntegratec! Golox Py Syrtem | | #Ur 4 | Pewee ic. fed t a “Qtid and dump grid Pmtesactive eget, Ql exces heatere MF Mot required. + at “# During abcence OF J nedieqera aunshine, Eipply, Of Power MK maintained from the | grid,and thus battery 14, eliminated. The imechaniam drow & i | yore© tooteeiles : | Figure a: A general grid> interactive feign py eq eter H Recently , Pv meolules ar being macte colth Beret a4 on. frtegeal component 17 the juntton box of. the medute, Prown: a4 Ac- py 7 meckl ete Te yh poovictes wiley rece gp Hz -powey jeceerty vdieoro, the medute junction box. simplifies the design of 4 Wed thomas