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Number System Operations

The document discusses binary number systems. Binary numbers represent values using only two digits, 0 and 1. Almost all computers use binary internally. The summary is: [1] Binary numbers are used by computers to represent data using the two digits 0 and 1. [2] Basic binary operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are performed similar to decimal numbers. [3] Converting a decimal number to binary involves repeatedly dividing the number by 2 to get a binary representation.

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97 views

Number System Operations

The document discusses binary number systems. Binary numbers represent values using only two digits, 0 and 1. Almost all computers use binary internally. The summary is: [1] Binary numbers are used by computers to represent data using the two digits 0 and 1. [2] Basic binary operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are performed similar to decimal numbers. [3] Converting a decimal number to binary involves repeatedly dividing the number by 2 to get a binary representation.

Uploaded by

Pascal chad
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number System Operations

What is a Binary Number System?


Binary Number System: According to digital electronics and mathematics, a binary
number is defined as a number that is expressed in the binary system or base 2 numeral
system. It describes numeric values by two separate symbols; 1 (one) and 0 (zero). The
base-2 system is the positional notation with 2 as a radix.

The binary system is applied internally by almost all latest computers and
computer-based devices because of its direct implementation in electronic circuits using
logic gates. Every digit is referred to as a bit.

Example: Convert 4 in binary.

Solution:

4 in binary is (100)2.

Here, 4 is represented in the decimal number system, where we can represent the
number using the digits from 0-9. However, in a binary number system, we use only two
digits, such as 0 and 1.

Now, let’s discuss how to convert 4 in binary number system. The following steps help to
convert 4 in binary.

Step 1: First, divide the number 4 by 2. Use the integer quotient obtained in this step as
the dividend for the next step. Continue this step, until the quotient becomes 0.

Dividend

Remainder

4/2 = 2

2/2 = 1

1/2 = 0

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Step 2: Now, write the remainder in reverse chronological order. (i.e from bottom to top).

Here, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) is 0 and the Most Significant Bit (MSB) is 1.

Hence, the decimal number 4 in binary is 1002

So, if we want to find how many bits does 4 in binary have? we have to count the number
of zeros and ones.

So, 4 in binary is 1002. Here, there are 2 zeroes and 1 one. Hence, we have 3 bits.

Therefore, the number of bits does 4 in binary have is 3.

What is Bit in Binary Number?


A single binary digit is called a “Bit”. A binary number consists of several bits. Examples
are:

10101 is a five-bit binary number


101 is a three-bit binary number
100001 is a six-bit binary number

Binary Numbers Table


Some of the binary notations of lists of decimal numbers from 1 to 30, are mentioned in
the below list.

Number Binary Number


1 1
11 1011
21 10101
2 10
12 1100
22 10110
3 11
13 1101
23 10111
4 100
14 1110
24 11000
5 101
15 1111
25 11001

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6 110
16 10000
26 11010
7 111
17 10001
27 11011
8 1000
18 10010
28 11100
9 1001
19 10011
29 11101
10 1010
20 10100
30 11110

How to Calculate Binary Numbers


For example, the number to be operated is 1235.

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones


1 2 3 5
This indicates,

1235 = 1 × 1000 + 2 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 5 × 1

Given,

1000 = 103 = 10 × 10 × 10
100 = 102 = 10 × 10
10 = 101 = 10
1 = 100 (any value to the exponent zero is one)
The above table can be described as,

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones


103 102 101 100
1 2 3 5

Hence,

1235 = 1 × 1000 + 2 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 5 × 1

= 1 × 103 + 2 × 102 + 3 × 101 + 5 × 100

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The decimal number system operates in base 10, wherein the digits 0-9 represent
numbers. In binary system operates in base 2 and the digits 0-1 represent numbers, and
the base is known as radix. Put differently, and the above table can also be shown in the
following manner.

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones


Decimal 103 102 101 100
Binary 23 22 21 20
We place the digits in columns 100, 101 and so on in base 10. When there is a need to put
a value higher than 9 in the form of 10(n+1) for instance, to add 10 to column 100, you
need to add 1 to the column 101.

We place the digits in columns 20, 21 and so on in base 2. To place a value that is higher
than 1 in 2n, you need to add 2(n+1). For instance, to add 3 to column 20, you need to
add 1 to column 21.

Position in Binary Number System


In the Binary system, we have ones, twos, fours etc…

For example 1011.110

It is shown like this:

1 × 8 + 0 × 4 + 1 × 2 + 1 + 1 × ½ + 1 × ¼ + 0 × 1⁄8

= 11.75 in Decimal

To show the values greater than or less than one, the numbers can be placed to the left
or right of the point.

For 10.1, 10 is a whole number on the left side of the decimal, and as we move more left,
the number place gets bigger (Twice).

The first digit on the right is always Halves ½ and as we move more right, the number
gets smaller (half as big).

In the example given above:

“10” shows ‘2’ in decimal.


“.1” shows ‘half’.
So, “10.1” in binary is 2.5 in decimal.

Binary Arithmetic Operations

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Like we perform the arithmetic operations in numerals, in the same way, we can perform
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations on Binary numbers. Let us
learn them one by one.

Binary Addition
Adding two binary numbers will give us a binary number itself. It is the simplest method.
Addition of two single-digit binary number is given in the table below.

Binary Numbers Addition


0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0; Carry →1
Let us take an example of two binary numbers and add them.

For example: Add 11012 and 10012.


Solution: Binary Addition

Binary Subtraction
Subtracting two binary numbers will give us a binary number itself. It is also a
straightforward method. Subtraction of two single-digit binary number is given in the
table below.

Binary Numbers Subtraction


0 0 0
0 1 1; Borrow 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Let us take an example of two binary numbers and subtract them.

Example: Subtract 11012, and 10102.

Solution: 11012 – 10102 = 00112

Binary Multiplication
The multiplication process is the same for the binary numbers as it is for numerals. Let
us understand it with example.

Example: Multiply 11012 and 10102.

Solution: Binary Multiplication

Binary Division

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The binary division is similar to the decimal number division method. We will learn with
an example here.

Example: Divide 10102 by 102

Solution: Binary Division

Uses of Binary Number System


Binary numbers are commonly used in computer applications. All the coding and
languages in computers such as C, C++, Java, etc. use binary digits 0 and 1 to write a
program or encode any digital data. The computer understands only the coded language.
Therefore these 2-digit number system is used to represent a set of data or information in
discrete bits of information.

Problems and Solutions


Let us practice some of the problems for better understanding:

Question 1: What is binary number 1.1 in decimal?

Solution:

Step 1: 1 on the left-hand side is on the one’s position, so it’s 1.

Step 2: The one on the right-hand side is in halves, so it’s

1×½

Step 3: so, 1.1 = 1.5 in decimal.

Question 2: Write 10.112 in Decimal?

Solution:

10.11 = 1 x (2)1 + 0 (2)0 + 1 (½)1 + 1(½)2

=2+0+½+½

= 2.75

So, 10.11 is 2.75 in Decimal.

Keep visiting BYJU’S to explore and learn more such Math-related topics in a fun and
engaging way.

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Frequently Asked Questions on Binary Number System
What is a binary number system?
A number system where a number is represented by using only two digits (0 and 1) with
a base 2 is called a binary number system. For example, 10012 is a binary number.
What is a bit?
A bit is a single digit in the binary number. For example, 101 is three-bit binary numbers,
where 1, 0 and 1 are the bits.
How to convert a decimal number into a binary number? Give an example.
To convert a decimal number into its equivalent binary number, we divide the decimal
number by 2 each time, till we get 0 as a dividend. Let us take an example to convert 1310
into a binary number.
13 ÷ 2: 6 and remainder 1
6 ÷ 2: 3 and remainder 0
3 ÷ 2: 1 and remainder 1
1 ÷ 2: 0 and remainder 1
Now we take the bits from the last remainder to first remainder, i.e.(MSB to LSB). Hence,
1310 = 11012
What is the use of binary numbers?
Binary numbers are commonly used in computer architecture. Since the computer
understands only the language of two digits 0’s and 1’s, therefore the programming is
done using a binary number system.
What is the value of 163 in binary?
The value of 163 in binary is 10100011.
How is 200 represented in binary?
200 is the decimal number. The binary form of 200 is 110010002.

Summary:
Addition

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Subtraction

Multiplication

courtesy: @BnDizzy101

Compiled: @Dev Danny

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