Eastern Visayas State University

College of Civil Engineering

Department of Engineering
Ormoc City

CE 225
Fundamental of Surveying

Name: Perales, Althea S. Date Conducted: February 23,

2023
BS Civil Engineering 2C Date Submitted: March 2, 2023
Submitted to: Engr. Antonio E. Naboya, Jr.

DETERMINING THE AREA OF RECTILINEAR FIELD BY TAPE

Laboratory Exercise No. 3

I. Introduction

Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape
or planar lamina, in the plane. Rectilinear is used to mean “straight,” so if something moves
in a straight line, it has rectilinear motion. A photographer’s rectilinear lens reflects images
accurately, so their straight lines don’t appear curved, this word comes from the Latin root
rectus, meaning “straight”.
This field exercise was carried out to establish the area of a rectilinear field.
Measuring the linear dimensions of a field to determine its area by taping requires a lot of
time, computations, measuring, and of course walking long distances which is needed to
perform measurements by taping. These criteria vary upon the lot area, the bigger the area
is, the longer it is performed. We need to be extra careful because by doing so we
can prevent mistakes and gather much more accurate data.
What makes this type of measurement unique is that the area to be measured is an
irregular polygon. If the area to be determined is an irregular polygon with different interior
angles, principles of trigonometry should be considered. In this lab exercise, we determine
the area of our rectilinear field by measuring the area of each triangle with the most
common method which is by taping.

I. Objectives
1) to learn how to measure horizontal angles with tape.
2) to determine the area of a rectilinear field with tape.

II. Instruments and Materials

 Fiberglass Tape
 Stones/Sticks (as markers)

III. Procedures
 1) Establish the selected field's perimeter, including its 5 corners. To identify the line
segments of the region being measured, markers are placed on each point or
positioned on each point. You can label these points A, B, C, D, and E.
2) Divide the area into manageable groups of interconnected triangles (refer to the
illustration below).
3) Measure the lengths along each line segment in the defined area using a measuring
tape. Use the breaking tape method to measure the distances to each point that
defines a corner by 10-meter mark in order to avoid tearing the fiberglass.
4) Calculate each area of the formed triangles within the area using Heron's method,
then add together all the areas of the triangles to get the given area's total area.
5) Tabulate the data.

IV. Illustrations

Figure 1.0. (Note: To gain a precise visual representation of the allotted area
being measured.)

29.43 m

19.58 m
20.4 m

E 16.35 m
F

15.5 m 13.1 m

B
20.29 m
22.75 m

20.26 m
D

18.31 m

C
 V. Data and Computations (Note: For a clearer visual representation of how
each triangle is computed, please refer to the figures above.)

TRIANGLES SIDES PERIMETER AREA

(S)

ABF AB BF AF
20.26 m 22.75 m 13.10 m 28.06 m 131.86 sq. m.

BCF BC CF BF
18.31 m 20.29 m 22.75 30.68 m 176. 83 sq. m.

CDF CD DF CF
15.50 m 16.35 m 20.29 m 26.07 m 124. 42 sq. m.

DEF DE EF DF
29.43 m 19.58 m 16.35 m 32.68 m 150.73 sq. m.

AEF AE EF AF
20.40 m 19.58 m 13.10 m 26.54 m 123.46 sq. m.

(Area= Using Heron's Formula)

1. Triangle ABF
S = AB + BF + AF / 2
S = 20.26 m + 22.75 m + 13.10 m / 2
S = 28.06 m
Area
A = √ S(S-AB) (S-BF) (S-AF)
A = √ 28.06 m (28.06 m-20.26 m)(28.06 m-22.75 m)(28.06 m-13.10 m)
A = 131.86 sq. m.

2. Triangle BCF
S = BC + CF + BF / 2
S = 18.31 m + 20.29 m + 22.75 m / 2
S = 30.68 m
Area
A = √ S(S-BC) (S-CF) (S-BF)
A = √ 30.68 m (30.68 m-18.31 m) (30.68 m-20.29 m)(30.68 m-22.75 m)
A = 176.83 sq. m.

3. Triangle CDF
S = CD + DF + CF / 2
S = 15.50 m + 16.35 m + 20.29 m / 2
S = 26.07 m
Area
A = √ S(S-CD) (S-DF) (S-CF)
A = √ 26.07 m (26.07 m-15.50 m) (26.07 m-16.35 m) (26.07 m-20.29 m)
A = 124.42 sq. m.
4. Triangle DEF
S = DE + EF + DF / 2
S = 29.43 m + 19.58 m + 16.35 m / 2
S = 32.68 m
Area
A = √ S(S-DE) (S-EF) (S-DF)
A = √ 32.68 m (32.68 m-29.43 m) (32.68 m-19.58 m) (32.68 m-16.35 m)
A = 150.73 sq. m.

5. Triangle AEF
S = AE + EF + AF / 2
S = 20.40 m + 19.58 m + 13.10 m / 2
S = 26.54 m
Area
A = √ S(S-AE) (S-EF) (S-AF)
A = √ 26.54 m (26.54 m-20.40 m) (26.54 m-19.58m)(26.54 m-13.10 m)
A = 123.46 sq. m.

TOTAL AREA = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5
= 131.86 sq. m + 176.83 sq. m + 124.42 sq. m + 150.73 sq. m
+ 123.46 sq. m
Total Area = 707.30 sq. m

VI. Results and Discussion

The allotted area has an irregular shape, so in order to calculate its area, it was
divided into a series of connected triangles, precisely three triangles, within the area's
perimeter. A triangle's perimeter is calculated by summing together the lengths of all its
sides or line segments and dividing the result by two. Using the Heron's formula, we may
determine a triangle's area after determining its perimeter.

In triangle ABF, which is the first triangle, has a perimeter of 28.06m and an area of
131.86m2. (Refer to the triangle ABF’s computation above.)

In triangle BFC, which is the second triangle, has a perimeter of 30.68m and an area
of 176.83m2. (Refer to the triangle BFC’s computation above.)

In triangle CFD, which is the third triangle, has a perimeter of 26.07m and an area
of 124.42m2. (Refer to the triangle CFD’s computation above.)

In triangle DFE, which is the fourth triangle, has a perimeter of 32.68 m and an area
of 150.73m2. (Refer to the triangle DFE’s computation above.)

In triangle EFA, which is the fifth triangle, has a perimeter of 26.54m and an area of
123.46m2. (Refer to the triangle EFA’s computation above.)

The allotted area is measured by calculating the perimeter of each constructed

triangle and applying the Heron's formula. The result is the area of each triangle, which is
added to the overall area of the assigned area to yield a measurement of 707.30 m 2. It is
important to note that the total area computed using the Heron's Formula and the
computation from AutoCAD are identical and may only differ in decimal places because
there is always a chance that the distances being measured will not be accurately
measured.

VII. Conclusion

Taping provides significant calculations to determine the unknown distances, angles,

and areas of a rectilinear field. We could infer that by applying the law of trigonometric
function, the adjusted angle and area of each triangle in a rectilinear figure could be
measures providing the distinct distances. In addition, it should be essential to write and
compute properly the given measurements in order to prevent miscalculation of adjusted
angle and corrections, because this will be another factor to attain error during the time of
computation. Eventually, this activity obtained an accurate solution that satisfies the
necessary in the table.

In surveying, using a tape measure is a simple and accurate method for measuring
distances and areas. In addition to the procedures outlined in the previous response, it is
critical to keep the tape measure straight and taut while measuring to ensure accuracy.
When measuring a rectilinear field, make sure that the measurements are taken at right
angles to the field's sides. This can be accomplished by using a square or right-angle guide
to assist in aligning the tape measure. Furthermore, any irregularities or obstructions along
the field's edges should be considered when measuring distances, as these can affect the
accuracy of the measurements.

A common method for calculating the area using Heron's formula is to divide the
irregularly shaped area into a series of connected triangles. After calculating the area of
each triangle, the total area of the irregular shape can be calculated by adding the areas of
all the triangles. In order to obtain an accurate estimate of the area, it is critical to ensure
that the measurements are accurate and consistent.

Overall, using a tape measure to measure distances and areas in surveying

necessitates attention to detail and careful procedure execution. It can, however, be a
simple and effective method for obtaining accurate measurements and area estimates.

VIII. Documentations
IX. Reference
 https://www.vedantu.com/maths/rectilinear-figures
 https://mste.illinois.edu/dildine/heron/triarea.html
 https://web.itu.edu.tr/~coskun/contents/lessons/topo/week_2.pdf