Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
MIMAROPA REGION
DIVISION OF PALAWAN
BATARAZA DISTRICT – I
_______________________________________________________________

SY 2021-2022

Determining the Effect of

Textual Aids on the
Understanding of a Text

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 ENGLISH 10
QUARTER 1- MODULE 2
Determining the Effect of Textual Aids on the Understanding of a Text

Learning Competencies
At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:
1. use various textual aids in understanding a text; and
2. determine the effect of these textual aids in understanding a text.

Activity 1: Multiple Choice.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your answer sheet.

1. What do we call the tools that come in different forms and their main objective is to help
readers have a clearer meaning of the given text?
a. textual aids c. textual explanations
b. guide questions d. reader’s interpretations
2. Which of the following does NOT belong to the tools that can help readers have a clearer
meaning?
a. graphs c. animations
b. diagrams d. illustrations
3. If the sensory images help readers understand literary texts such as poems and short stories,
then which type of texts do textual aids help readers understand?
i. fictional texts
ii. scientific texts
iii. nonfiction texts
iv. journalistic texts
a. i and ii c. ii, iii and iv
b. iii and iv d. i, ii, iii and iv
4. If the text has the following lines: “From Session Road, head south on Upper Session Road,
slight right onto Kalaw Street…”, what kind of textual aid will be best fitted to match the text?
a. title c. graph
b. map d. illustration
5. Why do writers include titles, subtitles, graphs, maps, images and tables in their articles?
a. to serve as a guide for the readers’ eyes in reading the text
b. to help readers better understand the content
c. to provide an interpretation of the text
d. to fill the spaces of the paper
6. What type of textual aid is used when data are presented in rows and columns of words and
numbers?
a. title and illustration c. table
b. subtitle and graph d. map

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 7. Which is the main use of a table as a textual aid?
a. show trends or patterns c. for interpreting numerical data
b. show relationships of data d. for comparison of characteristics
8. What type of textual aid is used if data is presented through dots, lines and curves?
a. illustration c. table
b. graph d. map
9. What do we want to show when we use graphs?
a. get a better idea on trends and patterns
b. show more detailed information
c. compare and contrast qualities
d. record precise data
10. Which is NOT an example of a graph?
a. pie c. line
b. bar d. cycle

Your previous module taught you to incorporate the information you take from various sources
like the news and informative talks in your everyday conversation. The information from these sources
may be delivered orally or written.

Both delivery methods leave clues so their audience can fully understand the message and
interpret it correctly. For information delivered orally, non-verbal clues such as the tone of the voice
and the facial expression of the speaker can help the audience decipher exactly what the message is.
For written information such as news, the clues are called textual aids.

For you to be able to continue holding a meaningful conversation using the information you see
in different sources, this learning material will help you enhance your information-seeking skills from
written sources.

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 Textual aids refer to non-textual elements that help readers understand the content of the text.
They also refer to elements that stand-out from the main text such as titles and subtitles, bold, italicized
and underlined texts. Non-textual elements include illustrations, maps, tables, graphs and charts.
These aids have two main functions, namely: first, to direct the readers’ attention to important
ideas in the text and second, to provide more information as a supplement to what is already written.

Textual Aid Description Example

1. Titles and > Provide initial idea on Article excerpted from:
Subtitles what the text is all about https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/2019-
> Activate prior ncovbackground-disease
knowledge on the topic
> “Represent the key
concepts (title) and
supporting ideas
(subtitles) in the paper”
(Elite Editing, 2015)
> Layering or
positioning of these aids
convey the ideas’ level
of importance

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2. Illustration > Visual representation Mechanical weathering physically breaks up rock. One
of a subject example is called frost action or frost shattering. Water
> Facilitates better gets into cracks and joints in bedrock. When the water
retention of the freezes it expands and the cracks are opened a little
information presented wider. Over time pieces of rock can split off a rock face
and big boulders are broken into smaller rocks and
gravel.

Lower photo taken from

https://www.geographyrealm.com/physical-chemical-of-
weathering-of-rocks/

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3. Tables > Information (facts and
figures) that are
organized and arranged
in columns and rows >
Used to show patterns
and relationships that
still appeals to the
readers’ verbal system,
meaning tables are
supposed to be read like Table and excerpt taken from
a text (Nussbaumer, https://www.ieltsonlinepractice.com/ieltsacademic-
2011) writing-task-1-model-answer-table-chart-percentage-of-
> Column headings - mobilephone-owners/.
found on top of the
columns; used to
identify the contents of a
specific column
> Row headings - used
to define or identify the
contents of a specific
row
4. Graphs > Used “when a simple
table cannot adequately
demonstrate important
relationships” of and
within data (Mind Tools
Content Team, 2020) >
4 types:
A. bar graph - uses
either vertical or
horizontal bars to show
the data it represents
but SkillsYouNeed.com
Bar graph
(2020) emphasized that
these bars do not touch https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-
each other; height of the 50642141
bar indicates the value it
represents: the longer
the bar, the higher the
value it represents, the
shorter the bar, the
lower the value it
represents

B. line graph –
used to show how
numerical data have
changed over time and it
is best used to show Line graph
trends https://weatherspark.com/y/134588/Average-Weather-
in-Manila-
Philippines-Year-Round

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C. pie graphs -
show
“how a whole is divided
into different parts”
(SkillsYouNeed.com,
2020)

Pie graph
https://outragemag.com/filipinos-shopping-online-
theyre-
buying/#:~:text=Filipino%20consumers%20are%20seei
ng%20value,top%2
0reasons%20for%20online%20shopping
D. pictograph - “similar
to bar chart but use
pictures to symbolize a
countable unit of items”
(Google Sites, n.d.).

Pictograph

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5. Maps > Visual representations
of selected
characteristics of a
place, usually drawn on
a flat surface
> 2 types
A. physical
map - includes
labels for
features such as
mountain ranges and
bodies of water

Physical map
https://www.freeworldmaps.net/asia/philippines/map.ht
ml

B. political map -
usually includes labels
for features such as
cities and major towns,
units such as states or
provinces, and bodies of
water

Political map
http://www.maps-of-the-world.net/maps-of-asia/maps-
of-philippines/

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 Post-Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What do we call the tools that come in different forms and their main objective is to help
readers have a clearer meaning of the text?
a. guide questions c. textual aids
b. reader’s interpretations d. textual explanations
2. Which of the following belongs to the tools that can help readers have a clearer meaning?
a. animations c. charts
b. boxes d. directions
3. If the sensory images help readers understand literary texts such as poems and short stories,
then which type of texts do textual aids help readers understand?
i. journalistic texts
ii. nonfiction texts
iii. scientific texts
iv. fictional texts
a. i, ii, iii, iv c. i and ii only
b. i, ii, iii d. iii and iv only
4. If the text has the following lines: “From Session Road, head south on Upper Session Road,
slight right onto Kalaw Street…”, what kind of textual aid will be best fitted to match the text?
a. graph c. title
b. illustration d. map
5. Which of the following statements is the best reason why writers include titles, subtitles,
graphs, maps, images and tables in their articles?
a. to fill the spaces of the paper
b. to provide an interpretation of the text
c. to help readers better understand the content
d. to serve as a guide for the readers’ eyes in reading the text
6. What type of textual aid is used when data are presented in rows and columns of words and
numbers?
a. table c. illustration and title
b. map d. graph and subtitle
7. Which is the main use of a table as a textual aid?
a. for comparison of characteristics
b. for interpreting numerical data
c. show relationships of data
d. show trends or patterns
8. What type of textual aid is used if data is presented through dots, lines and curves?
a. table c. illustration
b. map d. graph
9. What do we want to show when we use graphs?
a. record precise data
b. compare and contrast qualities
c. show more detailed information
d. get a better idea on trends and patterns

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10. Which is not an example of a graph?
a. bar c. line
b. cycle d. pie
11. Which textual aid is a visual representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually
drawn on a flat surface?
a. compass c. map
b. globe d. direction
12. What type of map shows water and land formations in a specific area?
a. demographical map c. political map
b. geographical map d. physical map
13. Which type of map shows the cities, towns, provinces and bodies of water?
a. political map c. geographical map
b. physical map d. demographical map
14. Which is NOT the function of a map as a textual aid?
a. Maps can give a clearer picture of where the boundaries of each town, city, province
and country lies.
b. Maps can provide an image of the place being discussed.
c. Maps can show landmarks that may be in a place.
d. Maps show specific directions to a destination.
15. Which of the following is a function of textual aids?
a. Textual aids provide clarity to the textual element of the material.
b. Writers use them to distract the readers from the textual element.
c. These are tools that activate prior knowledge on the topic of the article.
d. Textual aids are used to make the paper lighter by breaking the texts.

(The contents of these worksheets were adapted from Quarter 1 - Module 2 – Week 2 of the Regional office)

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