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Energy Engineering

This document discusses the bases for reporting coal analysis data and includes important formulas for calculating proximate analysis on different bases such as dry, ash-free and mineral-matter-free. It also provides examples of calculating proximate analysis from experimental data using the common methods of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content determination.

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Abdur Razzaq
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53 views

Energy Engineering

This document discusses the bases for reporting coal analysis data and includes important formulas for calculating proximate analysis on different bases such as dry, ash-free and mineral-matter-free. It also provides examples of calculating proximate analysis from experimental data using the common methods of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content determination.

Uploaded by

Abdur Razzaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Origin, composition, characteristics and

significance of constituents of coal


Bases for reporting analytical data
1.As-received
2.Dry basis (db)
3.Dry, ash-free (daf)
4.Dry, mineral-matter-
free (dmmf)
5.Moist, ash-free
(maf)
6.Moist, mineral-
matter-free (mmmf)

2
Important Formulae:
• % Ash (dry basis)
𝐴
% 𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑑𝑏 = × 100
(100 − 𝑀)
• % Volatile matter (dry, ash-free basis)
𝑉𝑀
% 𝑉𝑀 𝑑𝑎𝑓 = × 100
(100 − 𝑀 − 𝐴)
• % Volatile matter (dry, mineral matter free basis)
(𝑉𝑀 − 0.1𝐴)
% 𝑉𝑀 𝑑𝑚𝑚𝑓 = × 100
(100 − 𝑀 − 1.1𝐴)
• % Fixed carbon (dry, ash-free basis)
𝐹𝐶
% 𝐹𝐶 𝑑𝑎𝑓 = × 100
(100 − 𝑀 − 𝐴)
• % Fixed carbon (dry, mineral matter free basis)
𝐹𝐶
% 𝐹𝐶 𝑑𝑚𝑚𝑓 = × 100
(100 − 𝑀 − 1.1𝐴)
QA 3
For proximate analysis understanding
Example
The proximate analysis of coal is
Moisture 2.4%
Volatile matter 29.4%
Fixed carbon 58%
Ash 9.7%
Sulfur 0.5%

Calculate proximate analysis on


• Moisture free basis
• Dry ash free basis
Example
A coal has following proximate analysis on air dried basis:

M= Moisture = 1.5%

VM = Volatile matter = 28%

A = Ash = 15.5%

FC = fixed carbon = 55%

Calculate its ash% on dry basis and volatile matter% on dry ash
free (d.a.f) and dry mineral matter free (d.m.m.f) basis
Example

2.5 g of air dried coal sample was taken in a silica crucible. After
heating it in an electric oven at 105 to 110 °C for 1 hour, the residue was
weighed 2.415 g. It was then heated in the silica crucible with vented lid
at 950 to 970 °C for about 7 minutes. After cooling, the weight of
residue was found to be 1.78 g. This residue was then ignited at 750 °C
to a constant weight of 0.246 g. Calculate the proximate analysis of coal
sample.
Example

A sample of finely ground coal of mass 0.9945 g was placed in a


crucible of 8.5506 g in an oven, maintained at 375K for 4.0 ks. The
sample was then removed, cooled in a desiccator and reweighted; the
procedure being repeated until a constant total mass of 9.5340 g was
attained.
A second sample, of mass 1.0120 g in a crucible of mass 8.5685 g, was
heated with a lid over a Bunsen burner for 450 s. On cooling and
reweighing, the total mass was 9.1921 g. This sample was then heated
without a lid over a strong Bunsen flame until a constant total mass of
8.6255 g. Calculate the proximate analysis of sample and express the
results on “as sampled” and “dry ash free” basis.

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