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22218
MODEL ANSWER

SUMMER– 19 EXAMINATION

Subject Title: C’ Programming Language Subject Code: 22218

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.

2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.

3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.

4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent
figure drawn.

5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may
vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.

6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based
on candidate’s understanding.

7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.

Q. Sub Marking
Answer
No. Q.N. Scheme

Q.1 Attempt any Five : 10 M

a) List any four relational operators with their use. 2M

Ans: Relational operators are use in conditional statements. Each

operator
Use with its use
Operator
== equal to ½M
!= Not equal to

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< less than (Any 4)

> Greater than
<= Less than equal to
>= Greater than equal to
b) Give syntax of switch-case statement. 2M

Ans: Syntax: Correct

switch(variable) syntax 2M
{
case value1:
statements
break;
case value2:
statements;
break;
.
.
.
default:
statements;
break;
}

c) 2M
Give syntax of for loop.

Ans: Syntax: Correct

for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement) syntax 2M
{
Statements;
}

d) State any two differences between call by value and call by reference. 2M

Any two
Sr. Call by value Call by reference differences
No. 1M each
1 A copy of actual arguments Address of actual arguments is
(value) is passed to respective passed to formal arguments.
formal arguments.
Ans:
2 Actual arguments will remain Alteration to actual arguments is
safe, they cannot be modified possible within from called

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accidentally. function; therefore the code must

handle arguments carefully else
you get unexpected results.
3 Address of the actual and Address of the actual and
formal arguments are different formal arguments are the same
4 Changes made inside the Changes made in the function are
function are not reflected in reflected outside also.
other functions

e) Define pointer and state any two uses of pointer. 2M

Ans: Definition: A pointer is a variable that stores memory address of another variable 1M
which is of similar data type.
Uses of pointer:- any two
1. Pointers are used for dynamic memory management. correct
2. Pointers permit references to functions and thereby facilitating passing of uses 1/2M
functions as arguments to other functions. each)
3. They can be used to return multiple values from a function via function
arguments.

f) 2M
State the use of , *, & symbols used in pointers.

Ans: * operator:- 1M

It is used to declare a pointer variable.

Example: int *ptr;

The above statement declares ptr as an integer pointer variable.

OR
It is also used as value at operator i.e. it reads the value from the address stored in
pointer variable.
Example: printf(“%d”, *ptr);
The above statement displays value present at the address stored in ptr
variable.
1M
& operator:-
It is used to retrieve address of a variable from memory.
Example: int *ptr,a;
ptr=&a;

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The above statement stores the address of variable a in the pointer variable
ptr.

g) Define structure. 2M

Ans: Definition: 2M
A structure is a collection of one or more variables of same or different data types
grouped together under a single name.

Q2 Attempt any Three : 12M

a) Explain any four data types used in C with example. 4M

Ans: Data type in C are: Explanation of any

four data
short int/signed short int/int/signed int/unsigned int/long int/signed long int/unsigned
type with
long int/char/float/double/long double/void
example
Integer data type:
1M each
 short int/signed short int: It is used to declare integer type variable. It occupy 8
bits(1 byte) memory size to store data such as 10,20,etc.
Example: short int number;
 int/signed int/unsigned int:It is used to declare integer type variable. It occupy
16 bits (2 bytes) memory size to store data such as 100,200,etc.
Example:int rollno;
 long int/signed long int/unsigned long int: It is used to declare integer type
variable. It occupy 32 bits (4 bytes) memory size to store data such as mobile
number.
Example: long int contactno;
Character data type:
 char/signed char/unsigned char: It is used to declare character type variable.
It occupy 8 bits(1 byte) memory size to store data such as 'a',b','%',etc.
Example: char ch;

Floating point data type:

 float: It is used to declare floating point type variable. It occupy 32 bits
(4 bytes) memory size to store data such as 1.1,2.2,etc.
Example: float percentage;
 double: It is used to declare floating point type variable. It occupy 64 bits
(8 bytes) memory size to store data such as 10.1,22.2,etc.
Example: double percentage;

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 long double: It is used to declare floating point type variable. It occupy 80 bits
(10 bytes) memory size to store data such as 11.11,21.2,etc.
Example: long double percentage;
void data type:
void data type has no values. When a function does not return any value then the
return type of function is specified with void data type.
example:
void add( )
{
Statements;
}

b) Explain nested if-else statement with syntax and example. 4M

Ans: Definition: 2M

if...else statement used inside if statement used in a program is called as nested

if...else statement. When series of decisions are involved in a program we can use

nested if...else statement.

Syntax : 2M
if(test condition1)
{
if(test condition2)
{
statement-1;
}
else
{
statement-2;
}
}
else
{
statement-3;
}
statement-x;
If test condition-1 is true, then condition-2 is checked. If condition-2 is true, then
statement-1 is evaluated. If condition-2 is false then statement-2 is evaluated and
then control is transferred to the statement-x. If condition-1 is false then control
passes to statemtn-3 and it is executed .Then control passes to statement-x

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example: 1M

int num=75;
if(num<100) ------------------Condition 1
{
if(num<50) -----------------Condition 2
{
printf("Number is less than 50"); ----Statement 1
}
else
{
printf("Number is greater than 50 but less than 100");--- statement 2
}
}
else
{
printf("Number is greater than 100");---statement 3
}
In the above example, variable num is initialized to value 75.In condition 1 num is
Compared with 100 and the condition evaluates to true. So control passes to
condition 2.In condition 2 num is greater than 50 so condition is false. Control
passes to statement 2 and output is " Number is greater than 50 but less than 100".
Then control comes out of nested if...else statement.

c) Explain Array. State two advantages of array. 4M

Ans: Explanation: 3M
An array is a sequenced collection of similar type of data. Values in an array are
stored in Continuous memory locations. All data values stored in an array share a
common name. To access individual value from an array, index variable is used. An
index variable starts with 0th position. First value in an array is stored at 0th position
and last value is stored in size-1 index position. For example, in an array of 5
elements, first value is stored at 0th position and last value is stored at 4th index
position.

Syntax to declare an array:

data type arr_name[size] ;
In the above syntax,
 data type specify type of data that can be stored in an array.
 arr_name specify name of array.
 size specify number of values that can be stored inside an array.

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Example:
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 5, 3, 55};

In the above example, an array variable arr is declared and initialized with integer
values with the size 5.

½ Each

Advantages of an array: (Any 2)

 Array represents multiple data items of similar type using single name.
 Adding and removing data element at any index position is possible.

d) List any 2 string functions. Give syntax and use of each function. 4M

Ans: String functions: List 1M

1. strcat ( )
2. strcmp( )
3. strcpy ( )
4. strlen ( )
5. strlwr( )
6. strupr( )
Syntax ½
Each
1. strcat ( ):- This string function is used to join two strings together.

Syntax: strcat (string1, string2);

string1 and string2 are character arrays. When the function strcat ( ) is executed,
string2 is appended to string1 i.e. contents of string2 are added at the end of string1.
Use 1M
2. strcmp( ):- This string function is used to compare the contents of two strings. It Each
returns 0 if both string are equal. Otherwise it returns the numerical difference
between the ascii values of the first non matching pair of characters.

Syntax: strcmp(string1,string2);
string1 and string2 are character arrays.

3. strcpy( ):- This string function is used to copy the content of one string to the
other string.

Syntax: strcpy(string1,string2);
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string1 and string2 are character arrays. When strcpy( ) function executes the
contents of string2 are copied into string1.

4. strlen( ):- This string function is used to count and return number of characters
stored in a string.

Syntax: variable_name=strlen(string);
string is a character array.variable_name is an integer variable that stores the value of
the length of the string return by strlen( ) function.

5. strlwr( ):- This string function is used to convert a given string into lower case
letters.
Syntax: strlwr(string);
string is a character array.

6. strupr( ):- This string function is used to convert a given string into upper case
letters.

Syntax: strupr(string);
string is a character array.
Q.3 Attempt any Three: 12M

a) Enlist any four bitwise operators used in C and give example of each. 4M

Ans: Bitwise operators: List 2M

| – Bitwise OR
& – Bitwise AND
~ – One‟s complement
^ – Bitwise XOR
<< – left shift
>> – right shift
Description:
Bitwise OR – |
It takes 2 bit patterns, and performs OR operations on each pair of corresponding
bits.
The following example will explain it. example of
1010 any four
1100 bitwise
-------- operator

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OR 1110 1/2 M each

Bitwise AND – &

It takes 2 bit patterns, and perform AND operations with it.
1010
1100
-------
AND 1000

The Bitwise AND will take pair of bits from each position, and if only both the bit is
1, the result on that position will be 1.
Bitwise AND is used to Turn-Off bits.
-------
Bitwise NOT:
One‟s complement operator (Bitwise NOT) is used to convert each “1-bit to 0-bit”
and “0-bit to 1-bit”, in the given binary pattern. It is a unary operator i.e. it takes only
one operand.
1001
NOT 0110
-------
Bitwise XOR ^

Bitwise XOR ^, takes 2 bit patterns and perform XOR operation with it.

0101
0110
------
XOR 0011
------

Left shift Operator – <<

The left shift operator will shift the bits towards left for the given number of times.
int a=2<<1;

Right shift Operator – >>

The right shift operator will shift the bits towards right for the given number of
times.
int a=8>>1;

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b) Explain Pointer Arithmetic. 4M

Ans: The pointer arithmetic is done as per the data type of the pointer. The basic Arithmetic
operations on pointers are operation
Increment: 1M Each
It is used to increment the pointer. Each time a pointer is incremented, it points to the
next location with respect to memory size .
Example,
If ptr is an integer pointer stored at address 1000,then ptr++ shows 1002 as
incremented location for an int. It increments by two locations as it requires two
bytes storage.

Decrement:
It is used to decrement the pointer. Each time a pointer is decremented, it points to
the previous location with respect to memory size.
Example,
If the current position of pointer is 1002, then decrement operation ptr-- results in the
pointer pointing to the location 1000 in case of integer pointer as it require two bytes
storage.

Addition:
When addition operation is performed on pointer, it gives the location incremented
by the added value according to data type.
Eg:
If ptr is an integer pointer stored at address 1000,
Then ptr+2 shows 1000+(2*2) = 1004 as incremented location for an int.

Subtraction:
When subtraction operation is performed on the pointer variable, it gives the location
decremented by the subtracted value according to data type.
Eg:
If ptr is an integer pointer stored at address 1004,

Then ptr-2 shows 1004-(2*2) = 1000 as decremented location for an int.

c) Explain meaning of following statement with reference to Pointer: 4M

int var = 50;

int *p1, *p2;

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P1= & var;

P2= p1;

Ans: int var = 50; Correct

meaning of
It is declaration and initialization of integer variable var with value 50.
each
int *p1, *p2; statement
1M
It is declaration of integer pointer p1 and integer pointer p2.

P1= & var;

Address of var is assigned to variable P1.

P2= p1;

Value of p1 is assigned to P2.

d) Explain declaration of structure with example. 4M

Ans: Structure: A structure is a collection of one or more variables of same or different 2M

data types grouped together under a single name.
struct structure_name
{
Data_type variable 1;
Data_type variable 2;
.
.
.
Data_type variable n;
}variable_name;

 Structure variable is used to access members of structure inside main function

with dot operator.
 Variables of structure can be declared as:
Variable of structure can be declared at the end of structure declaration
before semi colon or inside the main function.

struct book b; //for a single book

struct book b[5]; //to store data of 5 books
Any
Example: Example
struct book
2M
{

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char tit[20];
char auth[20];
int price;
}b1;
Q.4 A) Attempt any THREE : 12 M

a) Write a C program to accept two integer numbers from user and print the 4M
result of addition and subtraction.

Ans: #include<stdio.h> Correct

#include<conio.h> Logic 2M
void main()
{
int a,b,add,sub; Correct
clrscr(); syntax 2M
printf("Enter value for a and b:");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
add=a + b;
sub=a - b;
printf("\nAddition of a and b=%d\n",add);
printf("\nSubtraction of a and b=%d",sub);
getch();
}
Write a C program to check whether given number is positive or negative and
b) 4M
display message accordingly.

Ans: #include <stdio.h> Correct

Logic 2M
#include <conio.h>

void main()

int num;
Correct
clrscr();
syntax 2M
printf("\n Enter number: ");

scanf("%d",&num);

if(num > = 0)

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printf("\n %d is positive number", num);

else

printf("\n %d is negative number", num);

getch();

Output:

Enter number: 4

4 is positive number

Enter number: -6

-6 is negative number

c) What is an output of following C code: 4M

#include<stdio.h>

Void main()

int a[5]= {10,20,30,40,50};

printf(“output”);

for(i=0; i<3; i++)

Print(“%d”, a[i]);

Ans: Correct
output
output 4M
10 20 30

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Declare a structure book having elements as book_number, book_title,

d) book_price and also declare array of structure taking input of 10 books using C 4M
programming language.

Ans: #include<stdio.h> Correct

Logic 2M
#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i;
Correct
struct book {
syntax 2M
char book_title[50];

int book_number;

int book_price;

}b[10];

clrscr();

for(i = 0; i < 10;i++)

printf("Enter book number, title and price of a book:");

scanf("%d%s%d",&b[i].book_number,b[i].book_title,&b[i].book_price);

printf("The details of book are:\nBook_Number \tTitle \tPrice\n");

for(i = 0; i < 10;i++)

printf("\tbook number=%d \tbook title=%s \tbook price =%d\n",

b[i].book_number,

b[i].book_title,b[i].book_price);

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getch();

Q.5 Attempt any TWO : 12 M

a) Explain if-else statement using syntax and example. 6M

Ans: Syntax of if-else statement : 2M

if (test expression)
{
True-block statement (s)
}
else
{
False-block statement (s)
} Statement-x;

Explanation :
1. If-else statement is a decision making statement and is used to control the 1M
flow of execution of statements.
2. It allows the computer to evaluate the expression first and then depending on
whether the value of the expression is true or false, it transfers the control to
the particular statement block.
3. If the test expression is true, then true block statement(s) are executed,
immediately following the if statement are executed otherwise false block
statement(s) are executed.
3M
Example:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h> NOTE:
void main() Any other
{ example
int num; shall be
printf("Enter the number"); considered
scanf("%d",&num)
if(num>0)
{

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printf("Number is positive");
}
else
{
printf("Number is negative");
}
getch();
}
b) Write a C program to read string from keyboard and find whether it is 6M
palindrome or not.

Ans: #include<stdio.h> Correct

#include<conio.h> logic 3M,
#include<string.h>
void main() Correct
{ syntax 3M
char str1[20],str2[20];
clrscr();
printf("Enter String to check if it is palindrome : "); NOTE:
scanf("%s",str1); Any other
strcpy(str2,str1); example
strrev(str2); shall be
if(strcmp(str1,str2)==0) considered
printf("String is a palindrome");
else
printf("String is not a paliindrome");
getch();
}
(OR)
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main(){
char string1[20];
int i, length;
int flag = 0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s", string1);

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length = strlen(string1);
for(i=0;i < length ;i++)
{
if(string1[i] != string1[length-i-1])
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if (flag)
printf("%s is not a palindrome", string1);
else
printf("%s is a palindrome", string1);
getch();
}

c) Write a program to find length of a string. 6M

Ans: #include<stdio.h> Correct

#include<conio.h> logic 3M
#include<string.h>
void main() Correct
{ syntax 3M
char str[100];
int length;
clrscr(); NOTE:
printf("Enter a string to calculate it's length\n"); Any other
scanf("%s",str); example
length = strlen(str); shall be
printf("Length of the string = %d\n", length); considered
getch();
}
(OR)
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s[30];
int i;
clrscr();
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printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", s);
for(i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; ++i);
printf("Length of string: %d", i);
getch();
}
Q.6 Attempt any TWO: 12M

a) Write a program to add two 3 * 3 matrices. 6M

Ans: #include<stdio.h> Correct

#include<conio.h> logic 3M
void main()
{
int a[3][3], b[3][3], add[3][3], i, j; Correct
clrscr(); syntax 3M
printf("Enter values for first matrix: \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
NOTE:
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
Any other
{
example
printf("Enter matrix 1 entry(%d,%d): ",i,j);
shall be
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
considered
}
}
printf("Enter values for second matrix: \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("Enter matrix 2 entry(%d,%d): ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
//Performing addition
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{

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add[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];

}
}
printf("Addition matrix is: \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",add[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

b) Write a program to add two numbers using function. 6M

Ans: #include<stdio.h> Correct

#include<conio.h> program
void add(int, int); 3M
void main()
{ Correct
int a, b; logic 3M
clrscr();
printf("Enter two number: ");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
add(a,b);
NOTE:
getch();
Any other
}
example
void add(int a, int b)
shall be
{
considered
printf("Addition of %d and %d is %d",a,b,a+b);
}
}
Write a C program to create structure for student having data members like
roll_no. name and marks in 3 subjects and display % of marks as output of 6M
c) program.

Ans: #include<stdio.h> Structure

#include<conio.h> declaration
struct student 2M
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{
int roll_no;
char name[20]; Accept
int sm1,sm2,sm3; elements
}s; 2M
void main()
{ Display
float percent; answer
clrscr(); 2M
printf("Enter student roll no, name, subject1 marks,subject2 marks ,subject3
marks :");
scanf("%d%s%d%d%d",&s.roll_no,s.name,&s.sm1,&s.sm2,&s.sm3); NOTE:
percent=(s.sm1+s.sm2+s.sm3)/3; Any other
printf("\nRollNo\tName\tPercentage"); example
printf("\n%d\t%s\t%.2f",s.roll_no,s.name,percent); shall be
getch();
considered
}

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