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SAT Math Formula Sheet

This cheat sheet summarizes important SAT math formulas across several topics: 1) Circles, arcs, sectors, and radians. 2) Difference of squares and the distance formula. 3) Exponential growth/decay and exponents. 4) Mean, median, mode, range, parabolas, percent change, probability, and the quadratic formula.

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daisy yaritza ereu
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125 views

SAT Math Formula Sheet

This cheat sheet summarizes important SAT math formulas across several topics: 1) Circles, arcs, sectors, and radians. 2) Difference of squares and the distance formula. 3) Exponential growth/decay and exponents. 4) Mean, median, mode, range, parabolas, percent change, probability, and the quadratic formula.

Uploaded by

daisy yaritza ereu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAT MATH FORMULA CHEAT SHEET

Circles

• Standard Form: (x – h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2


o (h,k) center of circle
o (x,y) any one point on or inside the circle
o r = radius of circle

𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎


• Arcs & Sectors: = 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
360
(2𝜋𝑟) (𝜋𝑟 2 )
• 1π Radian = 180o

Difference of Squares

• x2 – y2 = (x+y)(x-y)
o Example 1: x2 – 16 = (x+4)(x-4)
o Example 2: x2 – 6 = (x+√6) (x-√6)
Distance Formula

• Distance Traveled = (Rate of Speed) x (Time in hours)

Exponential Growth/Decay

• Final Amount = Original Amount (1 ± rate in decimal form)time

• Final Amount = Original Amount (Multiplier)time


Exponents
2
3
• Fractional Exponent: 43 = √42 “bottom out, top in”

1
• Negative Exponent: 4−2 = 42

• M.A.D.S.P.M
o Multiply two exponents w/ same base? Add exponents! 23 x 22 = 25
o Divide two exponents w/ same base? Subtract exponents! 34 / 33 = 31
o Raised to another Power? Multiply exponents! (32 )3 = 36
Mean, Median, Mode, Range
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
• Mean (average) = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
• Median = middle number when data points are arranged in numerical order
• Mode = data point that occurs most often
• Range = Largest data point minus smallest data point

Parabolas

• Vertex Form: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘


o (h,k) vertex of the parabola
o (x,y) any one point on the parabola
o + a: parabola opens upward ( U )
o - a: parabola opens downward ( Ո )

• Standard Form: 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
−𝑏
o X coordinate of the vertex: 2𝑎

Percent Change

• Difference between both numbers ÷ Original Number


200
• Example: 800 to 1,000 = 800 = .25 = 25%

Probability
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
• Probability an event will occur: 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

• Probability an event won’t occur: 1 – 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟

Quadratic Equation

−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
• 𝑥=
2𝑎
Slope Intercept Form

• 𝑌 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
o m = slope of the line
o b = y-intercept
o (x,y) any one point on the line

𝑦2 −𝑦1
• Slope of a line:
𝑥2 −𝑥1

• Relationship between two lines:


o “Perpendicular”: Line 1 slope is negative reciprocal of Line 2 slope
o “No Solution”: Lines are parallel. Same slope, different y-intercept
o “Infinite Solutions”: Both lines are the same. Same slope and y-intercept

Triangles

• Similar Triangles:
o Angles are equal
o Corresponding sides are proportional
• Congruent Triangles:
o Angles are equal
o Corresponding sides are equal

• SOH.CAH.TOA
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
o Sin ø = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
o Cos ø = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
o Tan ø =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

• Sine & Cosine of Complimentary Angles


o Sin Xo = Cos (90 - Xo)
o Cos Xo = Sin (90 - Xo)
o Sin (ao) = Cos (bo)
▪ ao + bo = 90o

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