Inyobarabarezi yo gukora Imfashanyigisho mu

bikoresho biboneka aho dutuye n’uko zikoreshwa

 © 2020 Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)
Uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi w’ibikubiye muri iki gitabo bufitwe n’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza
Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB).

ii
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

Mwarimu, murezi,
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ishyira imbaraga mu kunoza uburezi bw’abana b’inshuke. Kugira ngo
intego yo kongera imibare y’abana bagana amashuri y’inshuke igerweho, abafatanyabikorwa
bashyize imbaraga mu gushyigikira Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)
muri gahunda yo guteza imbere uburezi bw’abana b’inshuke.
Ni muri urwo rwego, hashingiwe ku nteganyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi (CBC), igenewe
uburezi bw’abana b’inshuke, hateguwe Inyobarabarezi yo gukora Imfashanyigisho mubikoresho
biboneka aho dutuye igenewe uburezi bw’abana b’inshuke.
Gufasha abana b’inshuke ni uburyo bwiza bwo kubategura kumenya gusoma neza igihe batangiye
amashuri abanza. Iyi nyoborabarezi ikubiyemo inama wagenderaho mu gufasha abana kwiga
Ikinyarwanda hifashishijwe uburyo bujyanye n’ikigero cyabo. Hakubiyemo kandi inkuru, imivugo,
imikino, wakwifashisha wongera ibyo usanzwe ushingiraho wigisha amasomo atandukanye.
Iyi mfashanyigisho, izagufasha mu kazi kawe ka buri munsi. Bimwe mu byo ukwiye kwitaho mu
mikoreshereze y’iyi nyoborabarezi ni ibi bikurikira:
-- Gutegura isomo n’imfashanyigisho ziboneye kandi ukazirikana ko mu mashuri y’inshuke
abana biga binyuze mu mikino;
-- Gushyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda kugira ngo bige gukorera hamwe no kuzuzanya banateza
imbere imbamutima zabo;
-- Guha abanyeshuri uruhare mu myigire yabo, bakorera imyitozo mu matsinda cyangwa buri
wese ku giti ke kandi bakora ubushakashatsi buri ku rwego rwabo;
-- Gutegurira abana uburyo buzamura ubushobozi bwabo, ukoresha imyitozo ituma batekereza
byimbitse, bakemura ibibazo, bakora ubushakashatsi, bahanga udushya kandi babasha
gusabana, gukorera hamwe no kubana n’abandi;
-- Gukoresha imfashanyigisho mu myigishirize kandi uha agaciro ibikorwa by’abana bakorera
mu ishuri; Kwinjiza mu masomo anyuranye ingingo nsanganyamasomo ziteganywa
n’integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi kugira ngo utoze abana bakiri bato kugira
indangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda, ushingiye ku kigero cyabo.
Izo ngingo nsanganyamasomo ni izi zikurikira: Umuco w’amahoro, kurwanya jenoside, uburinganire
n’ubwuzuzanye, uburezi budaheza, ubuzima bw’imyororokere, umuco wo kuzigama, ibidukikije n’
umuco w’ubuziranenge
Twizeye ko iyi nyoborabarezi izagufasha gutegura Imfashanyigisho mubikoresho biboneka aho
dutuye

Dr NDAYAMBAJE Irénée

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)

iii
GUSHIMIRA
Iyi nyoborabarezi igenewe abarimu bigisha mu mashuri y’inshuke. Yateguwe n’ Ikigo Gishinzwe
Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB), ku bufatanye n’abaterankunga: UNICEF na VSO ku
nkunga ya USAID.
Dushimiye tubikuye ku mutima aba baterankunga kuko iyo hatabaho uruhare rwabo, iki gitabo
nticyashoboraga kwandikwa uko bikwiye.
Tuboneyeho gushimira abakozi b’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)
n’abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) bashinzwe uburezi bw’abana b’inshuke, n’abashinzwe
isomo ry’Ikinyarwanda, bagize uruhare mu iyandikwa ry’iyi nyoborabarezi. Kwitanga kwabo
n’ibitekerezo byabo byagize uruhare rukomeye mu iyandikwa ry’iyi nyoborabarezi.
Dushimiye kandi, abarezi mu mashuri nderabarezi, umukozi wa NECDP ushinzwe uburezi bw’abana,
umukozi wa UNICEF Rwanda ushinzwe uburezi bw’abana b’inshuke, abakorerabushake ba
VSO bakoze mu mushinga wa ITEGURE GUSOMA bagize uruhare mu itegurwa n’inozwa ry’iyi
nyoborabarezi. Ubufatanye bwabo mu kunononsora iyi nyoborabarezi ni ntagereranwa
Tuboneyeho kandi gusaba abazakoresha iyi nyoborabarezi gutanga ibitekerezo byatuma irushaho
kunozwa kugira ngo bizifashishwe mu ivugururwa ryayo.

MURUNGI Joan

Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Integanyanyigisho n’Imfashanyigisho (CTLRD)/REB

v
ISHAKIRO
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE......................................................................................................................... I I I
GUSHIMIRA.........................................................................................................................................V
IGICE CYA 1......................................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTANGIRIRO.................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Imfashanyigisho ni iki?.................................................................................................................. 2

1.2. Kuki imfashanyigisho ari ngombwa?.......................................................................................... 2

1.3. Ingingo zibandwaho mu gukora imfashanyigisho................................................................... 3

1.4. Niki umurezi abanza kwibaza mbere yo gutegura Imfashanyigisho?.................................. 4

1.5. Gutegura neza imfashanyigisho................................................................................................ 8

1.5.1. Kuki ari ngombwa gutegura neza imfashanyigisho?................................................................ 8

1.5.2. Imfashanyigisho zitegurwa ryari?.................................................................................................... 8

1.5.3. Ni nde ugomba gutegura imfashanyigisho?.............................................................................. 9

1.5.4. Uruhare rw’abatuye aho ishuri riherereyemo mu gutegura imfashanyigisho .............. 9

1.5.5. Imfashanyigisho zimanikwa gute?................................................................................................1 0

IGICE CYA II: IMFASHANYIGISHO ZIJYANYE NA BURI KIGWA........................................1 0

2. UBUMENYI BW’IBIDUKIKIJE....................................................................................................1 1

2.1. Inzu ..................................................................................................................................................1 1

2.1.1. Umukino wo guhuza ibice by’ ishusho ikase bigakora ishusho yuzuye .........................1 1

2.2. Gutwara abantu n’ibintu ku butaka no mu kirere.................................................................1 4

2.2.1. Gutwara abantu n’ ibintu ku butaka..............................................................................................1 4

2.2.2. Gutwara abantu n’ ibintu mu kirere ( indege)............................................................................1 6

2.3. Gukora imfashanyigisho z’ibikoresho byo mu bidukikije.....................................................1 8

2.3.1. Isuka .........................................................................................................................................................1 8

2.3.2. Inzu............................................................................................................................................................2 0

2.3.3. Terefoni....................................................................................................................................................2 2

2.4. Kwihangira ibikinisho...................................................................................................................2 4

vi
 2.4.1. Imodoka .................................................................................................................................................2 4

2.4.2. Ibipupe.....................................................................................................................................................2 5

2.5. Ibice bigize umubiri w’umuntu n’ akamaro kabyo (Imyaka 1-6 )........................................2 7

2.6. Ibishushanyo by’ihindagurika ry’ikirere-amakarita.................................................................2 8

2.7. Ibikoresho by’imikino yigana.....................................................................................................3 0

2.8. Imfashanyigisho z’umwimerere.................................................................................................3 2

2.9. Isuku ...............................................................................................................................................3 4

2.10. Ibimera..........................................................................................................................................3 6

2.10.1 Gusiga amabara mu ndabo (Imyaka 0 kugera 3)....................................................................3 6

2.10.2. Gusiga amabara ikimera (imyaka 4)............................................................................................3 7

2.10.3. Umukino wo guhuza bice bikase bigize ikimera (Imyaka 5)............................................3 7

2.10.4. Ubutaka,ibimera n’uko bikura ( imyaka 6)................................................................................3 8

2.11. Inyamaswa ..................................................................................................................................3 9

2.11.1. Gusiga amabara mu mashusho y’inyamaswa (Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 3)........................4 0

2.11.2. Gukora ifi, Kuyishushanya no kuyisiga ( imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6)....................................4 0

2.11.3. Umukino wo guhuza ibice bikase by’ ishusho bigakora ishusho yuzuye (Imyaka 3
kugerakuri 6)........................................................................................................................................4 1

2.12. Ibidukikije kamere.......................................................................................................................4 4

2.12.1. Umusozi n’ ikibaya bibumbye mu ibumba..............................................................................4 4

3. IMIBARE.........................................................................................................................................4 7

3.1. kuzuza uruhererekane ,mu ishusho cyangwa mu mibare ..................................................4 7

3.1.1. Kuzuza ishusho ukoresheje ibishyimbo. (imyaka 1 kugera 3).............................................4 7

3.1.2. Kuzuza uruhererekane rw’amabara ..........................................................................................4 8

3.1.3. kuzuza uruhererekana rw’ ibinyampande ( imyaka 5 ).........................................................4 9

3.1.4. Kuzuza uruhererekane rw’ imibare ( imyaka 5 kugera 6).......................................................5 0

3.2.
Kubara no guteranya ukoresheje ibikoresho bifatika nk’ amabuye (imyaka 1
kugera 6)........................................................................................................................................5 2

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 3.3. Umukino wo guhuza amashusho avangavanze agakora iforomo y’ikintu .......................5 4

3.3.1. Umugozi ugoronzoye cyangwa umunyorogoto ( imyaka 5 kugera 6).............................5 4

3.4. Ingano ,kugerereranya ,ibipimo no guhuza ( imyaka 4 kugera 6).....................................5 5

3.5. Gupima uburebure n’ ubugufi ..................................................................................................5 6

3.5.1. Gupima ukoresheje ibiti ( imyaka 1 kugera 4) ..........................................................................5 6

3.5.2 Gupima ukoresheje ibumba ( imyaka 5 kugera 6).................................................................5 7

3.5.3. Gupima ukoresheje igereranya ry’ ibintu ( imyaka 6)...........................................................5 8

3.6. Gukora amakarita y’imibare mu bikoresho biboneka aho dutuye.....................................5 9

3.6.1. Gutondeka imibare isize amabara (Imyaka 0- 3)......................................................................6 0

3.6.2. Gusiga amabara mu mibare (Imyaka 3 kugera 4)................................................................6 0

3.6.3. Gutondeka uruhererekane rw’ imibare ( imyaka 5-6)...........................................................6 1

3.6.4. Gutondeka uruhererekane rw’imibare rwisubiramo mu mabara ( imyaka 5-6)........6 1

3.6.5. Gukora imibare n’ urudodo............................................................................................................6 1

3.7. Gutondeka imibare ( imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6) .....................................................................6 3

3.8. Kubara ukoresheje impapuro zifite ishusho y’urukiramende (imyaka 3 kugera 5) .......6 5

3.9. Kuzuza imibare ibura ..................................................................................................................6 6

3.10. Amashushongero: Mpandenye, Mpandeshatu, Uruziga....................................................6 9

3.11. Amashushongero: Mpandenye, Mpandeshatu, Uruziga....................................................7 3

3.12. Uruhererekane no guhuza ibijyanye .....................................................................................7 5

3.12.1. Guhuza imibare hagendewe ku mabara ( imyaka 1 kugera 5)........................................7 5

3.12.2. Guhuza imibare yanditse ku gikarito n’ iyanditse ku mifuniko y’ amacupa ( imyaka 4

kugera 6)...............................................................................................................................................7 6

3.12.3. Guhuza imibare n’ utudomo byanditse mu mpande zitandukanye (Imyaka 6)..........7 7

3.13. Amafaranga .................................................................................................................................7 8

3.13.1. Gutandukanya inoti n’ibiceri.........................................................................................................7 8

3.14. Banki : Imikino yo kwigana ( imyaka 4 kugera 5 )...............................................................7 9

3.15. Iduka : Imikino yo kwigana ( imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6).......................................................7 9

viii
 3.16. Umukino wo gutombora hakoreshejwe udutafari bita dayisi “dice” (imyaka 4 kugera 6).. 8 1

3.16.1. Umukino wo gutombora ukoresheje udutafari twa dayisi “dice” (imyaka 5 kugera 6)...8 2

3.16.2. Umukino wo kumaramo ukoresheje udutafari twa dayisi “dice”. (Imyaka 4 kugera 6) ..8 3

3.17. Guteranya, kugabanya , gukuramo (imyaka 1 kugera 6) ..................................................8 4

3.18. Iminsi y’icyumweru (imyaka 3 kugera kuri 6)......................................................................8 6

3.19. Ingengabihe n’amagambo ajyanye n’ibikorwa by’umunsi ................................................8 8

4. INDIMI.............................................................................................................................................9 1

4.1. Agatabo k’ inyuguti gakoze muri teripuregisi (Triplex) ( abana b’ umwaka 1 kugera
kuri 6)..............................................................................................................................................9 1

4.2. Umukino wo guhuza inyuguti zisa ( kuva ku myaka 4 kugera kuri 6)................................9 2

4.3. Amakarita y’ inyuguti ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6) ....................................................................9 5

4.4. Inyuguti zibura (Imyaka 3 kugera kuri 5 )................................................................................9 6

4.5. Umukino wo kuzuza inyuguti zibura mu tuzu..........................................................................9 8

4.6. Kwandukura inyuguti ukoresheje ibikoresho/kwandika inyuguti uyireba ........................9 9

4.7. Kubumba inyuguti mu ibumba ............................................................................................... 101

4.8. Umukino wo guhuza ukoresheje urudodo (imyaka 4 kugera 6)..................................... 102

4.9. Umukino w’ imbata/ gusimbuka utuzu tugize imbata ( kuva ku mwaka 1kugera
kuri 6)........................................................................................................................................... 105

4.9.1. Ikibariko cy’ amashusho /Gusimbukira mu tuzu tw’ amashusho ( umwaka 1 kugera
kuri 3 ).................................................................................................................................................. 1 0 5

4.9.2. Ikibariko cy’ inyuguti / Gusimbuka mu tuzu tw’ inyuguti................................................ 1 0 6

4.10. Gutoranyamo ikidasa n’ ibindi ............................................................................................. 107

4.11. Igiti k’ inyuguti (umwaka 1 kugera kuri 6) ................................................................................... 109

4.12.
Umukino wo guhuzano no gutondeka inyuguti hagakorwa ijambo (imyaka 5 kugera
kuri 6)............................................................................................................................................. 110

4.12.1. Kwandukura amagambo ukoresheje imifuniko y’ amacupa (kwandika amagambo

uyareba)............................................................................................................................................. 1 1 0

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 4.13. Gukora amakarita y’ amazina y’ abana n’ ibirango by’ amazina y’abana..................... 112

4.13.1. Ibirango by’amazina y’ abana (Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6) ................................................. 1 1 2

4.13.2. Amakarita y’ amazina y’ abana ( imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6 )................................................ 1 1 4

4.14. Umukino wo guteranya ibice by’ ishusho hagakorwa ishusho yuzuye. (imyaka 3-6).115

4.15. Gusanisha inyuguti zitondetse n’ izivangavanze ( imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6)................ 117

4.16. Inyuguti ukoraho ukazimenya /inyuguti zifatika.................................................................. 119

4.16.1. Inyuguti zimanikanye n’ ifoto bijyanye................................................................................... 1 2 1

4.16.2. Inyuguti zimanitse mu ishuri ................................................................................................... 1 2 1

5. UBUGENI N’UMUCO................................................................................................................ 123

5.1. Kubaka imodoka muri tiripuregisi.......................................................................................... 123

5.2. Kubumba ibikoresho bitandukanye ukoreheje ibumba..................................................... 125

5.3. Kubumba uhereye kubinyamubyimba ukoresheje impapuro (imyaka 3 kugera 6)..... 128

5.4. Komeka udupapuro dufatira mu mashusho , mu miterere cyangwa mu iforomo y’

ikintu ............................................................................................................................................ 130

5.5. Gutera irangi.............................................................................................................................. 132

5.5.1. Gutera irangi ukoresheje ikiganza (imyaka 0-3).................................................................. 1 3 2

5.5.2. Gutera irangi ukoresheje ikimera ( imyaka 4-6)................................................................... 1 3 2

5.5.3. Gutera irangi ukoresheje iforomo cyangwa ibinyampande (Imyaka 5-6).................. 1 3 3

5.6. Gutaka ........................................................................................................................................ 135

5.6.1. Gutakisha amezi y’umwaka ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6) .................................................... 1 3 5

5.6.2. Gutakisha amazina y’abana ( imyaka 1 kugera 6) ............................................................. 1 3 6

5.6.3. Gutaka inyuguti n’ imibare ( imyaka 3 kugera 6)................................................................. 1 3 6

5.7. Gusiga amabara no gukata .................................................................................................. 138

5.7.1. Gusiga amabara ( imyaka 1 kugera 5)..................................................................................... 1 3 8

5.7.2. Gukata ishusho y’ ikintu no kugisiga ibara risa n’uko gisanzwe gisa. (imyaka 4 kugera
kuri 6)................................................................................................................................................... 1 3 8

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 5.8. Ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori................................................................................................. 140

5.8.1. Umupira ubanze mu birere ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)....................................................... 1 4 0

5.8.2. Umugozi wo gusimbuka ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6)............................................................ 1 4 1

5.8.3. Imisambi ............................................................................................................................................ 1 4 2

5.8.4. Ibikinisho........................................................................................................................................... 1 4 4

5.9. Ibikoresho bya muzika:............................................................................................................. 146

5.9.1. Gitari.................................................................................................................................................... 1 4 6

5.9.2. Ishabure , umugara n’ umwitero................................................................................................ 1 4 7

6. IBONEZABUZIMA..................................................................................................................... 151

6.1. Gukina umupira w’ amaguru ( Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6).................................................... 151

6.2. Gusimbuka umugozi. ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6)................................................................. 152

6.3. Gukina Agati ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)................................................................................ 154

6.4. Imyicungo ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)..................................................................................... 155

6.5. Umucanga ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6).................................................................................... 156

6.6. Umucanga ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6).................................................................................... 157

6.7. Ibikoresho by’isuku (Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)...................................................................... 158

7. ITERAMBERE MU MBAMUTIMA NO MU MIBANIRE N’ABANDI................................. 159

7.1. Ibimenyetso by’amarangamutima.......................................................................................... 160

8. GUTEGURA ISHURI.................................................................................................................. 163

8.1. Ahagaragaza abana baje n’abasibye bakoresheje uburyo bw’ umukino...................... 164

8.2. Gahunda y’ibikorwa by’umunsi.............................................................................................. 165

9. Kubika neza imfashanyigisho..................................................................................................... 166

9.1. Kuki ari ngombwa kubika neza imfashanyigisho?............................................................ 166

8.2 Imfashanyigisho zabikwa hehe?...................................................................................................... 1 6 7

8.2.1. Ububiko bw’ imfashanyigisho.................................................................................................... 1 6 7

10. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:............................................................................................................... 169

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 IGICE CYA 1

INTANGIRIRO
Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB) cyashyize ahagaragara integenyanyigisho
ishingiye ku bushobozi igomba gukurikizwa mu burezi bw’abana b’inshuke . Ubushobozi bw’ibanze
n’ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo bugomba gutezwa imbere binyujijwe mu mikino, imyitozo
n’ibikorwa binyuranye bikorerwa kenshi mu matsinda, bigamije gutoza abana gusabana n’abandi,
gukangura ubwonko n’ ibyumviro byabo, kunoza imvugo bavuga, basobanura ibyo babona n’ibyo
bakora. Hashingiwe kandi ku ihame ry’uko abana bo mu kiciro k’inshuke biga bigana, imyitwarire
n’indangagaciro biboneye bazabitozwa n’urugero rwiza bahabwa n’ababyeyi, abarezi cyangwa
abandi babakuriye.
Mu rwego rwo gufasha abarimu bigisha mu mashuri y’inshuke gushyira mu bikorwa
integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi; Ikigo Gishinzwe Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB) ku
bufatanye na VSO (voluntary service overseas) na UNICEF Rwanda hateguwe inyoborabarezi
ifasha abarezi bo mu mashuri y’inshuke kwigisha uko bikwiye amasomo no gukora imfashanyigisho
bifashishije ibikoresho biboneka aho dutuye. Imfashanyigisho zikozwe mu bikoresho biboneka
aho dutuye ni ingenzi kuko ziboneka ku buryo bworoshye kandi zikaba zihendutse. Izo
mfashanyigisho zifasha abarezi kubaka ubushobozi, ubumenyi, ubumenyi ngiro n’ubukesha mu
bana nk’uko biteganyijwe mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke.
Kubona imfashanyigisho no kuzikoresha bizamura ireme ry’uburezi mu byiciro by’amashuri
y’inshuke uko akurikirana. Kubonera imfashanyigisho abana bato biracyari imbogamizi bitewe
n’ubushobozi buke ndetse n’ubumenyi budahagije ku barezi. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu iyi nyoborabarezi
izafasha abarezi bo mu mashuri y’inshuke, kwiyungura ubumenyi n’ubumenyi ngiro buzabafasha
kwikorera imfashanyigisho bakeneye kugira ngo barusheho kunoza imyigire n’imyigire y’abana bo
mu mashuri y’inshuke.
Iyi nyoborabarezi kandi ishimangira akamaro ko gukoresha imfashanyigisho zifatika mu gutanga
ubumenyi binyuze mu mikino cyane ko uburyo bukoreshwa mu kwigisha amasomo, bushingiye mu
mikino, butuma abana bagira uruhare mu myigire yabo.
Iyo umwana yiga hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’imikino inyuranye, bituma atarambirwa ibyo yiga kandi
agahora yishimiye gukina bene iyo mikino. Muri iyi mfashanyigisho abarezi bazanungukiramo uko
bakoresha imfashanyigisho bizajyana n’impinduka mu myitwarire y’umwana n’imicungire y’ishuri
muri rusange.
Iyi nyoborabarezi yubakiye ku byigwa bitandatu harimo Indimi, Imibare, Ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije,
Ubugeni n’umuco, Ibonezabuzima n’Iterambere mu mbamutima no mu mibanire n’abandi. Muri buri
kigwa, hagaragazwa imfashanyigisho zitandukanye umurezi ashobora gukora. Buri mfashanyigisho
kandi igaragaza ibi bikurikira:
-- Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Uko bikorwa
-- Uko bikoreshwa
-- Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi bw’ibanze.
Mu byigwa bitandatu biteganyijwe mu mashuri y’inshuke, nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, bibiri muri
byo: “Ibonezabuzima n’iterambere mu mbamutima no mu mibanire n’abandi” bikubiye mu bindi
byigwa. Iyi Nyoborabarezi kandi yerekana aho ihuriye n’integanyanyigisho bigafasha abarezi

1
kubona isano ifitanye n’ibiri mu zindi nyoborabarezi zikoreshwa mu bigo mbonezamikurire no mu
mashuri y’inshuke.
Mu gukora iyi nyoborabarezi hagendewe ku mirongo migari y’ integanyanyigisho y’Ikigo
Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB), kandi yoroheye abarezi kuyikurikiza bakora
imfashanyigisho zikenewe zabafasha kunoza imyigire n’imyigishirize mu mashuri y’inshuke.

1.1. Imfashanyigisho ni iki?

Imfashanyigisho ni ibikoresho byose bishobora kwifashishwa mu myigire n’imyigishirize kugira

ngo intego y’ikigwa igerweho. Imfashanyigisho zigabanyijemo ibice bitatu. Hari imfashanyigisho
z’ amajwi, amashusho ndetse n’ iza’ amajwi n’ amashusho zishobora gukorerwa mu nganda
cyangwa mu bikoresho biboneka aho dutuye. Imfashanyigisho zikorwa mu bikoresho biboneka
aho dutuye,zishobora gukorwa n’abarezi, ababyeyi, abana cyangwa abatuye aho ishuri riherereye.
Ingero z’ibikoresho wakwifashisha mu gukora imfashanyigisho zitandukanye:

-- Indodo -- Ibikarito -- Ibipupe

-- Amasaro -- Uduce tw’impapuro -- Ibikinisho
-- Ibigori -- Amafoto -- Ibitabo
-- Ibishyimbo -- Amashusho -- N’ibindi
-- Amacupa -- Uduce dusigara ku -- Imipira
mbaho
-- Amabuye -- Ibumba
-- Imikino
-- Imifuka

1.2. Kuki imfashanyigisho ari ngombwa?

Jean Piaget agaragaza ibice bine by’ingenzi bigize imikurire y’ubwonko. Kimwe muri ibyo bice
harimo igice cya mbere cy’uko umwana atangira gukora ibintu bitandukanye akiri muto. Jean
Piaget uvuga ko abana bo muri iki kigero batangira gukoresha ibimenyetso no gukorakora ku
bintu. Agaragaza kandi ko imyigire y’abana igoranye mu gihe nta mfashanyigisho zifatika zihari.
Twifashishije ingero zikurikira, bigaragara ko imyigire y’abana batabona imfashanyigisho zifatika
igorana.
Urugero rwo kwiga ibigaragara: kubaza abana umubare w’amaguru inka igira. Hanyuma ukabereka
igishushanyo kiriho inka bakabara amaguru yayo bakirebeyeho ndetse bakanayakoraho.
Urugero rwo kwiga ibitagaragara: Kubaza abana umubare w’amaguru inka igira. Hanyuma
ugatekereza ko baguha igisubizo nyacyo kandi utaberetse igishushanyo kiriho inka ngo bayibone
cyangwa ngo bagikoreho.
Nta gushidikanya ko tushingiye ku ngero tumaze kubona kwiga ibitagaragara bigoye kurusha kwiga
ibigaragara. Ni yo mpamvu imfashanyigisho ari ingenzi kuko zifasha abana kwiga bareba banakora
kurusha kwiga ibyo batabona. John Dewey avuga ko abana biga neza binyuze mu kuvumbura. Ni
byiza rero ko abana bahabwa imfashanyigisho zitandukanye bakazikoresha kugira ngo bibafashe
kuvumbura no guhanga udushya.

2
Izindi mpamvu zerekana akamaro ko gukoresha imfashanyigisho:
-- Bituma abana biyumva mu byigwa
-- Bifasha umurezi kumenya ibyiyumviro by’abana
-- Byoroshya imyigire n’imyigishirize
-- Bifasha abana kubika amakuru
-- Bifasha umurezi kugera ku ntego y’ibyigwa no gukurikirana imyitwarire y’abana mu ishuri.

1.3. Ingingo zibandwaho mu gukora imfashanyigisho.

Mu gihe umurezi akora imfashanyigisho agomba kwibanda ku ngingo zikurikira:

-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zifite ingano ihagije ku buryo zigaragarira abana bose mu
ishuri kandi ntizibatere urujijo
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zikoze neza ku buryo abana bashobora kuzigana
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba ziri ku rugero rw’imyumvire y’abana
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zitanga amakuru y’ingenzi
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zikurura abana
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zitekanye mu kuzikoresha
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba ziramba
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zihendutse
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zitunganyije neza
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zihagije kandi zoroheye abana bose kuzikoresha mu ishuri
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba abana bashobora kuzikoresha bisanzuye
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zijyanye n’imibereho y’umwana akaba azi ibyo bikoresho
-- Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba zitanyuranya n’umuco

Ingero mu mashusho za bimwe mu bikoresho byakwifashishwa mu gukora

imfashanyigisho

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 -- Ibikoresho cyangwa imfashanyigisho byakozwe n’umurezi kugira ngo yigishe cyangwa
asobanure ikintu runaka, bishobora kuba bidahagije ku ishuri ryose, ariko ibikoresho abana
bakoresha mu ishuri bari mu gikorwa runaka, bigomba kuba bihagije ku buryo bashobora
kubikoresha ari babiribabiri, mu matsinda mato cyangwa buri mwana ku giti ke.
-- Umurezi agomba kwihatira gukora imfashanyigisho nyinshi kandi ziri ku kigero kimwe ku
buryo buri mwana abasha kugira igikorwa akora.

1.4. Niki umurezi abanza kwibaza mbere yo gutegura Imfashanyigisho?

Mbere yo gutegura imfashanyigisho, umurezi agomba kubanza kwibaza ku byo agamije, kugira
ngo imfashanyigisho ategura zimufashe kugera ku ntego yiyemeje mu buryo bworoshye. Urugero
rw’ibyo ashobora kwibaza:

-- Ni iki nshaka ko abana bamemenya?

-- Ni iki nshaka ko abana bakora?
-- Ese imfashanyigisho ntegura zirakoreshwa n’umurezi gusa cyangwa n’abana bazazikenera
mu myigire yabo?

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 -- Ese imfashanyigisho ngiye gutegura zizafasha abana bari mu kihe kigero?
-- Ese imfashanyigisho ngiye gutegura ntiziheza abana bafite ubumuga?
-- Ese ntizibangamira umuco.

Intambwe zo gutegura imfashanyigisho igaragaza inyuguti nkuru n’intoya

Intambwe zo kwandika inyuguti ntoya ku mifuka

-- Mu gihe ukora cyangwa utegura imfashanyigisho zijyanye n’inyuguti, koresha inyandiko
yabugenewe mu myandikire y’inyuguti nk’uko bigaragara ku ifoto yatanzwe hasi.
-- Ca imirongo iza kubahirizwa mu kwandika inyuguti ukoresheje irati kugira ngo inyandiko zize
kuba zigaragara neza
-- Banza wandike inyuguti ukoresheje ikaramu y’igiti kugira ngo nibiba ngombwa ko usiba
bikorohere mu rwego rwo kugira ngo inyuguti zikwire aho zandikwa
-- Nyuza marikeri mu nyuguti wanditse n’ikaramu y’igiti kugira ngo zibashe kugaragara neza.

Uko inyuguti nto n’ inkuru zandikwa hakurikijwe ikerekezo

5
Uko bikorwa ku mufuka

6
Intambwe yo kwandika inyuguti ntoya ku mifuka
Ni byiza gukoresha umufuka w’ibara rimwe kandi utagize ikindi cyanditseko. Koresha uburyo
bukurikira mu gukata umufuka.

Ibikoresho byifashishijwe:
-- Ca umurongo ugororotse aho ushaka gukatira umufuka wawe.
-- Koresha icyuma gishyushye cyangwa umukasi mugihe ukata umufuka wawe.
-- Funika impande z’ umufuka wawe aho wakase hose ukoresheje sikoci mugihe umaze
kuwukata kugira utadodoka.
-- Iyo wakoresheje icyuma gishyushe singombwa gufunika impera z’umufuka kuko iyo humutse
hahita hakomera

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Inama ku bindi bikoresho byandikwaho inyuguti

Imbaho za tiripuregisi, ibikarito cyangwa ibitambaro

Imfashanyigisho iriho amashusho n’inyandiko

Amafoto n’inyandiko bikenera kuba ahantu hisanzuye kugira bigaragare. Kugira ngo bikorwe neza
ushobora gukora ibi bikurikira:
-- Ca imirongo maze ushushanye ukoresheje ikaramu y’igiti kugira ifoto cyangwa inyandiko zize
gukwirwamo neza.
-- Iyo umaze gukoresha ikaramu y’igiti ushushanya cyangwa wandika usubiro imirongo
ukoresheje igikoresho kiramba nka marikeri cyangwa irangi ry’ amavuta hakoreshejwe
uburoso bw’amarangi.

1.5. Gutegura neza imfashanyigisho.

Kora ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa ku ntego nyinshi mu byigwa bitandukanye. Urugero guhuza
imifuniko n’amakarita yanditseho byafasha mu mibare, mu gusoma no guteza imbere ubushobozi
nk’imiyego y’ingingo nto n’imiyego y’ingingo nini no kwikemurira ibibazo.

1.5.1. Kuki ari ngombwa gutegura neza imfashanyigisho?

Gutegura neza imfashanyigisho ni ngombwa cyane kubera ko bifasha umurezi kuzigeraho ku buryo
bworoshye igihe azikeneye mu kwigisha ikigwa runaka, bigatuma agendera ku gihe, adahuzagurika

1.5.2. Imfashanyigisho zitegurwa ryari?

Imfashanyigisho zigomba gutegurwa bitewe n’uburyo zikoreshwa kenshi. Ushobora gushyira

imfashanyigisho zawe hamwe nyuma y’insanganyamatsiko runaka, abana batashye, cyangwa ku
mpera z’igihembwe. Buri munsi mbere yo gutaha, umurezi aba agomba kumenya ko ibikoresho
azakenera umunsi ukurikiyeho biteguye neza. Ibyo yitaho ni ibi bikurikira:

8
 -- Gusana zimwe mu mfashanyigisho zangiritse no kuzuza izituzuye.
-- Guhindura imfashanyigisho ugendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko.
-- Kureba niba hari izindi mfashanyigisho wakora cyangwa wategura umunsi ukurikiyeho.

Urugero:

Imfashanyigisho zishobora guhindurwa bitewe n’insanganamatsiko igezweho. Ni ngombwa

gutunganya no gusukura imfashanyigisho igihembwe kirangiye kandi ukongeramo izindi bitewe
n’ikigero abana bagezeho.

1.5.3. Ni nde ugomba gutegura imfashanyigisho?

Umurezi n’abana ni bo bategura imfashanyigisho mu ishuri. Mu bikorwa byo ku ishuri,abana

bashobora gufasha umurezi gutegura imfashanyigisho bakoresha. Mu ishuri ririmo abana benshi,
umurezi ashobora gukora gahunda y’uburyo azajya afatanya n’ abana bakazikora bityo abana
bakunguka ubumenyi bwo kwiga bakora, bikanabafasha kutazangiza kuko aribo bazikoreye.

1.5.4. Uruhare rw’abatuye aho ishuri riherereyemo mu gutegura

imfashanyigisho

Abatuye aho ishuri riherereye bagira uruhare mu gukusanya ibikoresho byo gukoramo
imfashanyigisho. Bimwe mu bikoresho byo gukoramo imfashanyigisho ntibikwiye kuba imbogamizi
ku murezi, ahubwo abatuye aho ishuri riherereye na bo bakwiye kubigiramo uruhare, kugira ngo
abana babo babashe kwiga neza.
Abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri bashobora gufasha abarezi, bakangurira abatuye aho ishuri
riherereye kugira uruhare mu gukusanya bimwe mu bikoresho byakwifashishwa mu gukora
imfashanyigisho.

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 1.5.5. Imfashanyigisho zimanikwa gute?

Umurezi ategura imfashanyigisho mu ishuri agendeye ku binogeye abana. Umurezi yirinda

kumanika imfashanyigisho ziteza akajagari mu bana cyangwa ziteza urujijo. Agomba kuzimanika
kuri gahunda, ku kigero cy’ abana aho bashobora kuzikoraho igihe ari ngombwa bakanazireba
byoroshye batararamye cyane kandi akagendera ku byigwa by’ abana. Umurezi agomba kumanika
imfashanyigisho zifasha umwana mu myigire n’imitekerereze ye. Hari zimwe mu mfashanyigisho
zishobora kumanikwa mu myanya ihoraho mu ishuri

Urugero:
-- Amakarita mato agaragaza inguni
-- Ingengabihe y’umunsi
-- Inyajwi, ingombajwi, imibare, amabara ndetse n’amashusho agaragaza ibyo umwana akunda
kubona mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi.

Ishuri rishobora:
-- Gukangurira abafite ubucuruzi butandukanye hafi y’ishuri nk’amaduka, utubari cyangwa
ibarizo, gukusanya ibikoresho nk’imifuniko y’amacupa, ibice bisigara ku mbaho, ibitambaro
bisigazwa n’abadozi, amakarito n’ibindi bitandukanye byakorwamo imfashanyigisho.
-- Gukangurira abaturage gukusanya ibikoresho bitandukanye mu gihe cy’umuganda, mu
kagoroba k’ababyeyi cyangwa igihe k’inama runaka maze bakazabishyikiriza amashuri
aherereye aho batuye.
-- Gukangurira abatuye mu gace ishuri riherereyemo babyifuza gukora imfashanyigisho
zitandukanye babifashijwemo n’abarezi b’amashuri y’inshuke kugira ngo zifashe abana babo
kunoza imyigire.

IGICE CYA II: IMFASHANYIGISHO ZIJYANYE NA

BURI KIGWA

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 2. UBUMENYI BW’IBIDUKIKIJE

2.1. Inzu

2.1.1. Umukino wo guhuza ibice by’ ishusho ikase bigakora ishusho

yuzuye

Intambwe zo gutegura uyu mukino ziragaragara ku mashusho akurikira

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Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibikarito cyangwa urupapuro rukomeye, tiripuregisi (Triplex),ikaramu y’ igiti, irati, marikeri, umukasi
, umusambi, umukeka cyangwa umufuka.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ishusho y’inzu ku ikarito cyangwa ku rupapuro rukomeye .

–– Zengurutsa ishusho imirongo igororotse, ukate muri iyo shusho ibice bigize inzu, ubirambike
ku ruhande bivangavanze.

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 1 kugera 4

–– Umurezi ategurira abana ishusho y’inzu yuzuye ndetse n’ibice bikase bigize inzu ariko bifite
amabara asa nayo kunzu yuzuye.
–– Abana bahabwa inzu iteranyije ariko iburamo ibice bikeya byibura bibiri kandi bimeze kimwe
ku buryo ntakiri bumugore mu gihe babishyira mu myanya yabyo
–– Abana bashyira mu myanya irimo ubusa ibyo bice bahawe , bagakora inzu yuzuye.

Imyaka 5 kugera 6

–– Abana bahabwa ibice by’ ihusho y’ inzu bivangavanze bakagerageza bakabihuza bagakora
inzu yuzuye kandi bakavuga kuri buri gice bareba.
–– Abana bashobora kugendera ku mabara ari ku ishusho cyangwa ku mpera z’ishusho
–– Bashobora guhabwa ishusho yuzuye yo kureberaho cyangwa ntibayihabwe bitewe n’
urwego bagezeho.
–– Umurezi ashobora gukomeza Umukino cyangwa akaworoshya bitewe n’urugero rw’ abana
afite.

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 –– Ashobora gukata buri gice ukwacyo cyangwa buri gice akagikatamo kabiri.
–– Uyu mukino abana bashobora kuwukina mu gihe cy’ inguni y’ ururimi cyangwa y’ imibare

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana biga gutandukanya ibice bigize inzu bagatera imbere mu kwikemurira ibibazo, kwiga
no guhora biyungura ubumenyi ndetse no kwihangana.
-- Abana bitoza gukorana ubushishozi mu gihe bahuza ibice
-- Abana batera imbere mu miyego cyanecyane imiyego mito.
-- Igihe abana bari gukora babiribabiri bibateza imbere mu mibanire, mu mbamutima ndetse no
gusabana mu rurimi.
-- Biteza imbere abana mu kwisanzuranaho no gufatanya igihe bakorana n’abandi.
-- Byongerera abana ubushobozi mu buryo bw’itumanaho no kwiyobora.

Izindi nama

–– Igikorwa gishobora gukorwa umwaka wose, kubera ko amashusho agenda ahinduka bitewe
n’insanganyamatsiko igezweho.
–– Mu gukata amashusho , umurezi ashyiramo ikintu gishobora gufasha umwana kuvumbura
ibice ahuza ( ibara, imibarecyangwa imirongo itsindagiye)
–– Abana bakiri bato ( imyaka 1 kugera kui 4) bahabwa ishusho yuzuye bareberaho bahuza
kandi bagahabwa ibice bikase bike ( bibiri cyangwa bitatu)
–– Abana bafite imyaka 5 na 6 bahabwa umubare mwinshi w’ ibice bikase bakabiterateranya
bikabyara ishusho yuzuye

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umutwe 4: Iwacu mu rugo hamwe n’indi mitwe

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2.2. Gutwara abantu n’ibintu ku butaka no mu kirere

Abana bakora ibikinisho byabo nk’imodoka, rukururana, igare, ipikipiki n’ubwato, indege bakoresheje
ibikoresho biboneka aho batuye.Abana kandi bigana uko abakuru bakoresha ibyo bikoresho.

2.2.1. Gutwara abantu n’ ibintu ku butaka

Intambwe zo gukora bisi mu mbaho zoroshye zitwa teripuregisi ( Triplex), ziragaragara ku mashusho
akurikira.

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Imbaho zoroshye: teripuregisi (Triplex), icyuma , ikaramu y’ igiti, irati na marikeri.

Ibindi bikoresho byakora kimwe na triplex

Ibikarito n’ijerekani zashaje

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 Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya bisi ku rubaho rworoshye: teripuregisi ( terprex)

–– Genda ukata bya bice bya bisi washushanyije hanyuma ubiterateranye ukoresheje sikoci
bikore bisi y’ igikinisho.
–– Yisige amabara ajyanye n’ uko bisi zimenyerewe n’ abana zisa.

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka kuri 0 kugera 3

–– Mu gihe k’imikino yo hanze , aba bana bagendesha bisi, bakavuga nkayo, bagasunika,
bagatwara, byose bigana uko babibonana abakuru cyangwa uko bayibona igenda
–– Mu gihe abana basomerwa inkuru bashobora kwigana inkuru bakanatwara imodoka zabo.

Imyaka 3 kugera kuri 6:

–– Mu gihe k’ imikino yo hanze, abana bakina bigana abashoferi , ibyapa byo mu mihanda,
bakigana ibyo babona bakaba banakora iyabo bisi.
–– Mu gihe k’ inguni mu ishuri cyangwa hanze, abana bakina inkuru mu magambo yabo
bakoresheje ya bisi cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyo gutwara abantu n’ ibintu
–– Abana bihimbira inkuru zabo bwite bakazikinisha ibikoresho bafite
–– Abana bakina bamwe ari abashoferi, abakanishi cyangwa abagenzi bagendera ku bintu
binyuranye cyangwa bakabyigana bakoresheje bisi.

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 2.2.2. Gutwara abantu n’ ibintu mu kirere ( indege)

Intambwe zo gukora indege zirakurikirana ku mashusho akurikira

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Urubaho rworoshye: Teripuregisi (Triplex), icyuma, ikaramu y’ igiti , marikeri, sikoci y’ umweru na
sikoci y’ ubururu cyangwa agapapuro k’ubururu

Ibindi bikoresho byakora kimwe na triplex

Ibikarito n’ibice by’ijerekani birambuye

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya indege kuri teripuregisi ( Terprex), hanyuma ukate ibice biyigize.

–– Teranya ibyo bice ukoresheje sikoci ,ukoremo indege
–– Sigaho amabara ameze nk’ uko indege iba imeze

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 Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3:
–– Mu mikino yo hanze , abana bakinisha indege , bakigana ibyo bayibonaho byos.
–– Mu mikino yo mu ishuri, mu gihe k’ inguni abana batwara indege ndetse bakigana no kuyikora

Imyaka 3 kugera 6
–– Mu mikino yo mu ishuri, mu nguni, abana bakina inkuru mu magambo yabo.
–– Abana bakina bamwe ari abashoferi, abakanishi cyangwa abagenzi bagendera ku bintu
binyuranye cyangwa bakabyigana bakoresheje iyo ndege.
–– Mu mikino yo hanze barayigendesha, bakigana imikorere yayo.
–– Abana kandi bakora izabo ndege mu bikoresho bafite mu ishuri cyangwa hanze

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Biteza imbere abana mu gukomera kw’imiyego mito n’iminini.
-- Iyo abana bakinira hamwe bagakina bigana, ibyo bibateza imbere mu gusabana, mu
mbamutima, mu mivugire, bibafasha kutibagirwa, kwishakamo ibisubizo ndetse no guhanga
udushya.
-- Bifasha abana kumenya uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu bakamenya n’akamaro kabyo.

Ibindi bikoresho byakora kimwe na triplex

Ibikarito n’ibice by’ijerekani birambuye

Izindi nama

–– Hanze y’ishuri, abana bashobora gukoresha imodoka mu gutwara amatafari n’umucanga; ku

bana bubakisha amatafari.
–– Bakora izindi modoka mu bindi bikoresho bitandukanye.
–– Umurezi atanga amabwiriza y’uburyo abana bakata ishusho y’imodoka mu bintu bitandukanye
nk’umufuka, ibinyamakuru n’ibindi bakabikata mu ngano zitandukanye kandi bakabisiga
amabara uko bishakiye. Igihe buri kimwe kirangiye, abana barabivangura cyangwa bakabishyira
hamwe bakurikije amabara, uburebure n’ubugari bwabyo.

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Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:
Umutwe wa 8: Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu muhanda.

2.3. Gukora imfashanyigisho z’ibikoresho byo mu bidukikije

2.3.1. Isuka

Intambwe zo gukora isuka mu bikoresho biboneka aho dutuye zirerekanwa ku mashusho

akurikiranwa.

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Urubaho rworoshye: teripuregisi ( Triplex), icyuma , ikaramu y’ igiti , irati.

Ibindi bikoresho byakora kimwe na triplex

Ibikarito cyangwa ibice by’ijerekani birambuye

Uko bikorwa

–– Kuri teripuregisi (Triplex) shushanyaho isuka bahingisha, inyuma ushushanyeho umwobo ku

buryo umuhini wayo uri bubashe kwinjiramo.
–– Zenguruka ukata igishushanyo k’isuka washushanyije wibuke gukata neza umwobo
wanyuzamo umuhini.
–– Muri wa mwobo shyiramo igiti cyoroshye cyangwa gikozwe mu bikarito, kize kuba umuhini.
Nugicomekamo, urabona imfashanyigisho iteye nk’isuka yo guhingisha
–– Siga isuka amabara asa uko isuka isanzwe isa.

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 Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 1 kugera 3:
–– Abana bakoresha isuka zikoze mu mpapuro nk’ ibikinisho byoroshye, bakina bigana uko
bahinga

Imyaka 3 kugera 6
–– Abana bari mu ishuri bakina inkuru mu magambo yabo bagakoresha isuka
–– Mu mikino yo hanze , umurezi yerekera abana uko bahinga bakoresheje isuka .
–– Abana bigana uko bakora isuka bakoresheje impapuro, ibikarito, bakigana kuyishushanya
no gukata iyo bashushanyije, ndetse bagateranya ibice bakase bagakora isuka.
–– Isuka yakoreshwa mu mikino iteza imbere indimi n’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije ku ruziga: kugira
ngo abana babashe kwibukiranya amazina y’ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi, akamaro kabyo n’igihe
bikoreshwa’

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 2.3.2. Inzu

Amashusho akurikira arerekana intambwe zo gukora inzu.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
-- Igikarito,sikoci, marikeri z’ amabara atandukanye.

Ibindi bikoresho byakora:

Triplex, Imbaho

Uko bikorwa

–– Rambura igikarito. Koresha irate mu gushushanya ushushanye ishusho ya mpande enye

inshuro enye.Izo mpande enye urazikata, buri ruhande ruge ukwarwo kugira ngo zigaragare
nkaho ari inkuta enye z’inzu.
–– Kata igikarito ugendeye ku bice bigize inzu

20
 –– Teranya bya bice by’ igikarito ufatishishe sikoci cyangwa ubujeni, hanyuma ukore inzu.
–– Siga ya nzu amabara ajyanye na buri gice kigize inzu
–– Kata urugi ku ishusho imwe ya mpande enye maze kuri urwo ruhande ushushanyeho
amadirishya unayasige amabara hanyuma uhuze iyo shusho n’izindi mpande enye ukore
inkuta enye n’inguni enye zigize inzu.
–– Kata igice k’igikarito ushyire hejuru ya ya karito nk’igisenge k’inzu.

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3
–– Abana bamenyera ibice bigize inzu uko bahora bayibona imbere yabo cyangwa
bayikorakoraho
Imyaka 4 kugera 6
–– Umurezi yereka abana imfashanyigisho mu gihe cy’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije ku ruziga
,akabasobanurira akamaro ka buri gice, bakaganira no ku bintu biboneka mu nzu cyangwa
hanze yayo.
–– Umurezi n’abana bashobora gufata urugendo shuri kugira ngo bitegereze uburyo ibikoresho
bikoreshwa.
–– Mu nguni y’imikino yigana cyangwa se hanze y’ishuri ,abana bagerageza kwigana gukora
inzu bagashyirho ibice byose by’ inzu nk’igisenge,inkuta,urugi, amadirishya n’ibindi.
–– Abana bakina inkuru zijyanye n’ inzu mu magambo yabo.
–– Inzu ishobora gushyirwa mu nguni y’imikino hamwe n’izindi mfashanyigisho nk’ibipupe,
ipikipiki n’ibindi kugira ngo abana babashe gukora inkuru kandi babikinishe mu bikorwa
byabo bya buri munsi.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
–– Bifasha abana gukura mu gihagararo bakagira imiyego y’ingingo nini n’intoya zikomeye.
–– Bibateza imbere mu bushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo.
–– Biteza imbere ibikorwa byo guhanga udushya.
–– Bifasha abana kumenya ibikorwa bya buri munsi, no kumenya uko isi iteye.

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 Izindi nama

–– Ibikoresho nk’ijerikani, teripuregisi ( terprex) bishobora gukatwamo imfashanyigisho

–– Mu nguni y’ ubugeni, umurezi afatanya n’ abana gukora izindi mfashanyigisho nka: igare,
imodoka, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ikigo cy’ amashuri, urusengero n’ibindi

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuriy’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3; Umutwe wa 4: Iwacu mu rugo.
Umwaka wa 3 Umutwe wa 7: Imyuga ikorerwa aho dutuye.
Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3; Umutwe wa 19: Kwihangira ibikinisho.
Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3; Umutwe 4: Ibikoresho by’ubugeni.

2.3.3. Terefoni

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Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ikarito cyangwa teripuregisi (teripuregisi), marikeri, irati , icyuma gikata imbaho, marikeri, sikoci,
cyangwa kore y’imbaho.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya terefoni ku gikarito cyangwa kuri teripuregisi (terprex)

–– Andikaho imibare yo guhamagara ku buryo igaragara neza kuri terefoni
–– Koresha ingano ntoya ku buryo abana babasha kuyifata mu ntoki
–– Noneho kata neza usigarane ishusho ya terefoni.
–– Gerageza gukora nyinshi kugira ngo abana bose babashe gusabana n’abandi

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3

–– Abana bakinira ahantu hatandukanye mu ishuri no hanze yaryo.

–– Abana barahamagarana, bakanagirana ibiganiro na bagenzi babo bigana.
–– Abana kandi barasabana mu gihe bahamagarana kuri terefoni nk’uko babibona iwabo
cyangwa aho batuye.
–– Abana bitegereza ibintu byose byanditse kuri terefoni

Imyaka 4 kugera 5

–– Abana iyo bakoresha terefoni , haba mu ishuri cyangwa hanze, barasabana mu gihe
bahamagarana kuri terefoni nk’uko babibona iwabo cyangwa aho batuye
–– Terefoni y’inkorano ishobora gukoreshwa ku ikaze ku ruziga kandi igashyirwa mu nguni.
–– Abana bayikoresha bakina inkuru mu magambo yabo.
–– Abana bigana uko ikorwa iyo bari mu gihe cy’ ubugeni
–– Terefoni ikoreshwa no mu mikino yigana.

23
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Indimi n’ubumenyi bw’itumanaho.
-- Ubumenyi mu mibanire, imbamutima no gusabana.
-- Gutandukanya imibare.
-- Kwibuka no kumva neza uko ikintu giteye.
Izindi nama

–– Abana bari mu nguni yo kubaka bashobora kuyikoresha igihe bigana abafundi batondekanya
ibikoresho banavuga ibyerekeye akazi.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuriy’inshuke:

Umutwe wa 9: uburyo bw’itumanaho.

2.4. Kwihangira ibikinisho

2.4.1. Imodoka

Intambwe zo gukora imodoka mu bikoreho turazisanga mu mashusho akurikira:

24
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Teripuregisi (Triplex), icyuma, ikaramu y’ igiti, marikeri na sikoci

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya imodoka kuri teripuregisi (Teriprex)

–– Ya shusho yikatemo ibice unyuza mu mirongo washushanyije.
–– Teranya ibyo bice ukoresheje sikocicyangwa ubujeni ubikoremo imodoka
–– Shyiraho amapine akoze mu giti uyasige ibara.

Ibindi bikoresho wakoramo imodoka utabonye triplex

Ibikarito bikomeye n’ibice by’ijerekani birambuye

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3:
–– Abana bagendesha imodoka, bakigana uko ivuga ndetse bakitegereza n’ uburyo ikoze
–– Abana bigana uko imodoka ikoze bakayikora uko babyumva singombwa ko iba ariyo byukuri
, icyangombwa ni uko yatekereje ku rwego rwe uko yabigenza

Imyaka 4 kugera 6:
–– Abana bagendesha imodoka mu ishuri cyangwa hanze yaryo
–– Abana bigana uko imodoka ikoze bagakora izabo bari mu gihe cy’ ubugeni cyangwa bari
hanze y’ ishuri
–– Abana bayikoresha bakina,bigana inkuru cyangwa bayisubiramo mu magambo yabo

2.4.2. Ibipupe

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Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Igisate k’igitenge, urudodo, urushinge, umukasi

Uko bikorwa

–– Tangira ukata igisate k’igitenge mu ishusho y’inyoni cyangwa y’ ikindi kintu wifuza gukora.
–– Igihe ari umuntu wifuje gukora, kora imyenda imwe n’imwe nk’ikanzu, ishati n’ikabutura
wambike cya gipupe ku buryo kiba cyambaye neza.

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3
–– Abana bashobora kwigana imibereho yo mu muryango.
–– Bashobora guheka ibipupe bakoresheje igice gito k’igitenge, bashobora kwigana
kubigaburira, bakabiryamisha iyo bikoze mu ishusho y’ umuntu cyangwa bakigana buri
kimwe mu ishusho yacyo

Imyaka 4 kugera 6
–– Ibipupe babikoresha mu nguni y’imikino yigana bitewe n’ ibirimo cyangwa n’
insanganyamatsiko bagezeho.
–– Mu gihe k’ inkuru barabifata bakabisomera inkuru cyangwa bakabikinisha inkuru
–– Abana bakora ibyabo bipupe bigana ibyo beretswe n’ umurezi kandi bagashyiraho ibice
byose bibura.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
–– Abana batera imbere mu mibanire n’abandi no mu mbamutima zabo.
–– Abana batera imbere mu mitekerereze yabo.
–– Abana batera imbere mu mivugire.
–– Bituma bafata inshingano zo kwita k’umuntu runaka bakaniyumvisha uburyo undi muntu amera
cyangwa atekereza.
–– Biteza imbere ubusabane mu muryango bikanongera ubucuti.

Izindi nama

Abana bashobora kuvuga amakuru yabo: amazina y’ababyeyi, imyaka n’ibyo bakunda

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umutwe wa 1n’uwa2: Ngewe ubwange n’umuryango wange.
Umutwe wa 4: Iwacu mu rugo.

26
Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuriy’inshuke:
Umutwe wa 1&2: Ngewe ubwange n’umuryango wange.
Umutwe wa 4: iwacu murugo.

2.5. Ibice bigize umubiri w’umuntu n’ akamaro kabyo (Imyaka 1-6 )

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe:

Teripuregisi (triplex), urupapuro rukomeye rw’ibara, ikarito cyangwa umufuka, ikaramu y’ igiti,
marikeri

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya shushanya ibice bigize umubiri w’ umuntu

–– Andikaho izina rya buri gice

27
 Uko bikoreshwa

Ushobora kureka abana bagatandukanya ibice bigize umubiri w’umuntu biri ku gishushanyo
bakanavuga amazina y’ibyo bice bitandukanye.
Iyi mfashanyigisho ikoreshwa mu mikino iteza imbere ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije ku ruziga cyane
iyo umurezi atangiye kwigisha insanganyamatsiko nshya.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Bituma abana babasha kwitegereza.
-- Bituma bunguka amagambo.
-- Bituma bishimira umubiri wawo bakanawitaho

Izindi nama

–– Ibishushanyo bishobora gukoreshwa ku nsanganyamatsiko iyo ari yo yose. Gendera ku

nteganyanyigisho umenye amagambo wigisha noneho ukore igishushanyo cy’ayo magambo.

Ingero: insengero, iwacu mu rugo, inyamaswa zo mu rugo, ibitwara abantu n’ibintu n’ibindi.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umutwe wa 1 n’uwa 2: Umwirondoro wange n’umubiri wange hamwe n’indi mitwe bitewe
n’insanganyamatsiko.

2.6. Ibishushanyo by’ihindagurika ry’ikirere-amakarita

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Urupapuro rukomeye, ikarito cyangwa umufuka, amakaramu y’ amabara, irangi ry’ intoki, ikaramu
y’ igiti.

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 Uko bikorwa

Shushanya ibihe by’ikirere bitandukanye nk’izuba, ibicu, imvura n’umuyaga.

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3
–– Abana berekwa ibihe binyuranye by’ ikirere buri munsi bitewe n’uko ikirere cyaramutse
–– Abana basiga amabara mu mashusho ajyanye n’ ibihe by’ ikirere ndetse bakavuga n’ izina
rya buri shusho

Imyaka 4 kugera 6
–– Abana bitegereza amakarita ashushanyijeho ibihe by’ikirere bitandukanye bagahuza ibyo
bihe n’amashusho bijyanye nk’igihe k’imvura agahuza n’umutaka, ikote ry’imvura, ifoto
y’umuyaga n’ibindi.
–– Abana batandukanya bakanashushanya ibihe by’ ikirere bakanabisiga amabara ajyanye
neza na buri gihe, bakabikorera mu nguni y’ ubugeni
–– Ibishushanyo bishobora gukoreshwa mu gutangira kwigisha insanganyamatsiko nshya mu
gihe cy’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije ku ruziga.
–– Ibishushanyo bimanikwa ku nkuta z’ishuri aho abana bashobora kubyigiraho na buri gihe
cyose bashatse kubikoresha mu nguni

29
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Bituma abana babasha kwitegereza, bikabateza imbere mu gutekereza no kuvuga.
-- Bituma bunguka amagambo.
-- Bibateza imbere mu gutekereza byimbitse bikanatuma imiyego mito ikomera.
-- Bituma bamenya gutandukanya ibintu, kubigereranya no kubitondekanya.
-- Bituma abana bishimira akamaro k’ibihe.

Izindi nama

–– Abana bashobora gufata amakarita bakavuga ibyo babonaho.

–– Igihe hari amakarita menshi, umurezi ashobora kubaza abana kuyavangura cyangwa gushyira
hamwe amakarita ahuye.
–– Abana bashobora gukoresha ibishushanyo bitandukanye bakora imyitozo yo kuvangura ibintu
bakabishyira hamwe bitewe n’itsinda biherereyemo.
–– Buri mwana yihitiramo ku bushake bwe ibikoresho yifuza gushushanya, komeka hanyuma
agasobanurira abandi ibyo yashushanyije.
–– Amakarita ashobora gukoreshwa mu kwigisha insanganyamatsiko zose.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umutwe wa 15: ibihe bitandukanye by’ikirere cyangwa undi mutwe wose ugendanye
n’insanganyamatsiko.

2.7. Ibikoresho by’imikino yigana.

Ibikoresho by’itumanaho ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa

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 Ibikoresho byo mu rugo ibikoresho byo mu minsi mikuru idasanzwe

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe:

Terefoni y’igikinisho, ibinyobwa bidasindisha, imyambaro y’ubukwe, ibikoresho byo mu rugo
nk’isahani, ibasi, isorori,intebe, imbabura, ameza, imbaho, ibijumba, inyanya n’ibindi.

Uko bikorwa

Imfashanyigisho zikoreshwa mu mikino yigana ku ishuri zigomba kuba ari gakondo kandi
zidahenze zinaboneka hafi y’ishuri nk’ ibikarito, impapuro, imifuka, ibirere, ibiti, amabuye, ubujeni
n’ibindi.
Abana bashobora kwikorera izo mfashanyigisho bayobowe n’ umurezi

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3
Abana bifashisha ibikoresho biboneka mu bidukikije bagakina bigana ibyo babona mu
muryango , ku irerero cyangwa ku ishuri ryabo.

Imyaka 4 kugera 6
–– Umurezi asobanurira abana imfashanyigisho igihe k’ikaze ku ruziga,
–– Umurezi yereka abana urugero rw’uburyo abantu bavugira kuri terefone, uko ababyeyi
n’abana bakora imirimo yo mu rugo, uko abantu bizihiza iminsi mikuru.
–– Umurezi ahindura ibikorwa bitewe n’insanganyamatsiko y’icyumweru.
–– Umurezi n’abana bashobora kuvuga ku itumanaho n’akamaro k’ibikoresho byo mu rugo,
isuku, imirire, kwirinda indwara n’ibindi.
–– Imfashanyigisho zongerwa mu nguni y’imikino yigana.

31
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze
-- Abana batera imbere mu mibanire n’abandi, mu mbamutima, mu mivugire no mu gusabana
mu rurimi rwabo kandi bakiga uko bakuzuza izindi nshingano bakanitoza kubona ibintu mu
buryo butandukanye.
- Abana biga, bakanavuga ibintu byerekeranya n’ubuzima ndetse n’imibereho myiza.

Izindi nama

–– Hari ibindi bintu byinshi abana bashobora kwigana.

–– Umurezi agerageza gutegura imfashanyigisho zafasha mu kwigisha iduka, banki, isoko, ishuri
n’ibindi.
–– Umurezi ashakira izo mfashanyigisho aho atuye n’aho ishuri riherereye akanahanga ibitekerezo
bishya.
–– Bituma abana basimburana , bahana ijambo kandi basabana mu rurimi.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Imitwe myinshi itandukanye ivuye mu byigwa byose ifitanye isano n’ibikorwa by’imikino yigana
cyanecyane imibanire n’iterambere mu mbamutima

2.8. Imfashanyigisho z’umwimerere

-- Imfashanyigisho zifatika zigomba kuba zifatiye ku nsanganyamatsiko.

Ingero:
-- Ibiribwa: ibigori, amasaka, soya, ibijumba, igikoma, ibishyimbo, imbuto n’imboga.
-- Iwacu mu rugo: icyungo,isafuriya, ibiyiko, umuceri n’ibishyimbo, imbabura y’amakara
n’ibindi.
-- Imyambaro: imyenda itandukanye y’abakobwa n’abahungu ndetse n’abakuru
-- Ibyo dusanga mu nsengero: bibiriya, imyambaro ya padiri, igitabo k’indirimbo, korowani
n’ibindi.

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 -- Ibimera nk’indabo n’ibindi.

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe

umurezi ashobora kuvana mu rugo cyangwa ku ishuri imfashanyigisho zifatika.

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3:
–– Abana bahabwa umwanya wo kwitegereza no gukorakora ku mfashanyigisho zifatika kandi
bagasobanurirwa akamaro kazoo
–– Abana barisanzura mu kuvuga ibyo bazi kuri izo mfashanyigisho, bakabiganiriza umurezi
cyangwa hagati yabo
Urugero: kuvuga aho babibona ,icyo bimara, ikivamo,uko bigenda kugira ngo bivemo ikindi
kintu,…

Imyaka 4 kugera 6
–– Umurezi ashobora gukoresha imfashanyigisho karemano kugira ngo agaragaze
insanganyamatsiko bari kuvugaho.
–– Abana bahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukorakora no kumva izo mfashanyigisho.
–– Abana bavuga kuri izo mfashanyigisho bakanazigereranya n’ibindi bintu basanzwe bazi.
–– Umurezi yerekana uko bakoresha izo mfashanyigisho kandi akabikora neza.
Urugero: guteka, kwambara n’ibindi.
–– Mu gihe k’ inguni,imfashanyigisho zifatika zishobora kuboneka mu nguni zose bitewe n’
insanganyamatsiko.
Urugero: imyambaro izi nguni ni ingenzi zashyirwa no mu ntangiriro a voir igitabo kirangiye
–– Mu nguni y’ ibitabo: imyambaro iboneka mu nkuru, abana bagasoma ikiyivugwaho
–– Mu nguni y’ururimi: abana bigana bashushanya imyambaro
–– Mu nguni yo kwigana: abana bigana ibikorwa bakambara imyambaro ijyanye n’ ibikorwa
babona aho batuye
–– Mu nguni y’ ubugeni : abana bashobora gushushanya imyambaro, kuyibumba , kuyikata mu
mpapuro , kuyisiga amabara, kuyitera irangi,…
–– Mu nguni yo kubaka: abana bashobora kwambara imyambaro ijyanye n’ ubwubatsi bari
gukora:
–– Mu nguni y’ imibare : abana bashobora kubarura imyambaro babona , bakabara amabara ari
kuyo bambaye, bakegeranya imyenda isa , bakamenya ishaje n’ imishya,…

33
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bakorakora imfashanyigisho zifatika bagahabwa amahirwe yo kugerageza no kumva
uko ibintu bikora.
-- Abana bakora ibikorwa bifitanye isano n’ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.

Izindi nama

Umurezi agenda ahindura ibikoresho bitewe n’ nsanganyamatsiko agezeho. Ibitabangamiye

abana ashobora kubibatuma.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3: Imitwe yose y’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije

2.9. Isuku

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibikoresho by’isuku, isabune, amazi, ijerekani, ibikombe, ibasi, kandagira ukarabe.

Uko bikorwa

umurezi akusanya imfashanyigisho akaziha abana ngo bazikoreshe mu byo bakora ku ishuri.

34
 Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 3

–– Abana basobanurirwa n’ umurezi uko bakoresha ibikoresho by’isuku byoroheje kandi
akabaha umwanya bakabikoresha .
Urugero: Gukaraba intoki, gukaraba isabune ,koza amenyo.
–– Umurezi amenyereza abana aho bakarabira, buri gihe bavuye mu bwiherero cyangwa mbere
na nyuma yo gufata amafunguro

Imyaka 4 kugera kuri 5

–– Umurezi afatanya n’abana mu gusukura ishuri, gukoropa, ndetse akanayobora abana kuri
kandagira ukarabe.
–– Umurezi asobanura akamaro ka buri mfashanyigisho n’uburyo ikoreshwa, abana
bakagerageza kubisubiramo ubwabo ndetse bakamenyera ku bikoresha buri gihe biri
ngombwa.
–– Abana bamenyerezwa kandagirukarabe , bagakaraba igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa kandi
bibwirije
Urugero: Gukaraba bavuye mu bwiherero kandi bagakoresha isabune

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
Abana batera imbere mu gukomera kw’imiyego y’ ingingo nto n’inini, imibanire n’iterambere mu
mbamutima, imivugire, gusabana mu ndimi no guhora biyungura ubumenyi.

Izindi nama

Umurezi amenyereza abana kandi akabatoza kugira isuku no kubika neza ibikoresho by’ isuku

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 1, 2 n’uwa 3; umutwe wa 3: Kugira umuco w’isuku.
Umwaka wa 1,2,n’ uwa 3;Umutwe wa 4: Akamaro k’ amazi mu rugo no ku ishuri

35
2.10. Ibimera

2.10.1 Gusiga amabara mu ndabo (Imyaka 0 kugera 3)

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana bitegereza amashusho y’ indabo ndetse bakanatoranyamo ayabashishikaje

Abana berekerewe n’ umurezi bafata amakaramu y’ amabara bagasiga mu mashusho uko
babyumva.
Singombwa ko babikora neza ku buryo bubereye ijisho kuko imiyego y’ ingingo iba itarakomera.
Ibyo yakoze biba ari byiza .

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 2.10.2. Gusiga amabara ikimera (imyaka 4)

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bamaze kwiga ibice bigize ikimera ndetse bakibonye bakakitegereza babifashijwemo
n’ umurezi, amashusho y’ikimera kidasize ndetse bakanahabwa amakaramu y’ amabara
bakagisiga amabara ahuye n’ uko buri gice kiba gisa.
–– Umwana yihitiramo amabara ajyanye n’ ikimera ashaka gusiga , ibyo bikerekana ko yamaze
gusobanukirwa neza n’ ibice bigize ikimera

2.10.3. Umukino wo guhuza bice bikase bigize ikimera (Imyaka 5)

37
 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana baba bamaze kumenyera imiterere ya buri gice kigize ikimera, bashobora guhabwa
ibice bakase kandi bivangavanze by’ ikimera bakagerageza kubihuza bagendeye uko buri
gice bahawe kiba giteye
–– Abana bakina uyu mukino wo guhuza ibice bagakora ishusho yuzuye
–– Abana bamaze kubimenyera bakina bahuza batanguranwa, uwatanze abandi agashyira
akaboko hejuru ati: “ narangije”
–– Abana uko babimenyera ,bagenda bongererwa imibare myinshi y’ ibice bikase kandi
bivangavanze by’ amashusho bagahuza.

2.10.4. Ubutaka,ibimera n’uko bikura ( imyaka 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ingemwe, ifuni, igikoresho cyo kuvomerera ( rozwari), utubido , amazi

Uko bikoreshwa

Umurezi ajyana abana mu mirima y’ ishuri cyangwa ituranye n’ ishuri, akabasobanurira amoko
y’ibimera , akamaro kabyo, uko bikura, aho bikurira, n’ icyo bikenera kugira ngo bikure.
–– Umurezi asobanurira abana amoko y’ ubutaka
–– Umurezi yerekera abana uko batera ikimera mu butaka.
–– Umurezi asaba abana bose gukora nk’ uko yabikoze bagatera ingemwe bazanye , buri wese
, kandi bakavomera kugira ngo ikimera kizakure.

38
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Abana baguka mu mitekerereze,bagasobanukirwa n’ibyo babonaga batazi aho biva
-- Abana bamenya kwikemurira ibibazo, guhora biyugura ubumenyi no kwishakamo ibisubizo
-- Abana bunguka ibintu bishya bituma bazamura imbamutima zabo

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 1,2 n’ uwa 3:
-- Umutwe wa 16: Amoko y’ ubutaka
-- Umutwe wa 6:Ibiribwa n’ ibinyobwa bikomoka ku bimera
-- Umutwe wa 14: ibice bigize ikimera n’ akamaro kabyo

2.11. Inyamaswa

Ifi

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Teripuregisi (Triplex),icyuma, amashusho y’ifi cyangwa amakarita y’ ifi, imifuka n’amakaramu yo
gusiga amabara, ibice bikase by’ amashusho y’ ifi.
Ibikorito bikomeye cyangwa ibice by’ijerekani bishaje.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ishusho y’inyamaswa (ifi) kuri teripuregisi ( triplex),ku mufuka, ku ikarito cyangwa
ku makarita
–– Kata iyo nyamaswa (ifi) aho wayishushanyije , hanyuma uyisige amabara ajyanye n’uko
isanzwe isa
–– Izi ntambwe zo gukora imfashanyigisho y’ifi mu mumubyimba ifata, zanakoreshwa umurezi
ategura izindi mfashanyigisho z’ubundi bwoko bw’inyamaswa.

39
 2.11.1. Gusiga amabara mu mashusho y’inyamaswa (Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 3)

-- Abana bitegereza kandi bagakorakora ku mfashanyigisho z’ inyamaswa bakaganira n’ umurezi

bavuga ibyo baziziho, aho ziba, ibyo zirya,akamaro, n’ibice bizigize.
-- Abana bahabwa umwanya bagasiga amabara mu ishusho y’ ifi uko babishaka ariko bamenyera
uko iteye.

2.11.2. Gukora ifi, Kuyishushanya no kuyisiga ( imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6)

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bahabwa amashusho y’ ifi bakihitiramo amabara bayisiga bahuza n’ uko bayizi
–– Abana bagaragaza buri gice kigize ifi kandi bagasobanura n’ akamaro kabyo
–– Abana bakina n’ imikino yerekeza ku mafi mu mazi
–– Abana bashobora no gushaka hose mu ishuri ahantu haboneka ibishushanyo by’ ifi nko mu
bitabo n’ ahandi.
–– Abana bitoza kuyishushanya ku mpapuro uko babyumva bakanashushanya aho ifi iba

40
 2.11.3. Umukino wo guhuza ibice bikase by’ ishusho bigakora
ishusho yuzuye (Imyaka 3 kugerakuri 6)

Intambwe zo gutegura Umukino wo guteranya ibice by’ ishusho n’ izi zikurikira mu mashusho
Inzovu

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Teripuregisi ( triplex) , icyuma, ikaramu y’ igiti, ikaramu y’ ibara, irati

Uko bikorwa

Shushanya inzovu ku rubaho rworoshye cyangwa kuri teripuregisi ( triplex), igikarito gikomeye
cyangwa ibice by’ijerekani ishaje
Iyo shusho yikatemo ibice ukurikije uko iteye cyangwa ukirikije ibyakorohera abana guhuza.
Iyo ukata ibice by’imfashanyigisho wita ku kigero cy’imyaka y’abana. Ku bana bafite 2-4 ukatamo
ishusho ibice bikeya kandi buri wese ugakatira aho bihurira.

41
 Uko bikoreshwa

Guhuza ibice byinshi by’ ishusho bigakora ishusho yuzuye (imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

Abana bahabwa ishusho yuzuye bagahabwa n’ ibice byinshi by’ iyo shusho,bagatangira
kubihuza bagakora ishusho yuzuye.

Abana b’ imyaka 3 kugera kuri 4

Gasumbashyamba

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi ategurira abana ishusho yuzuye y’ inyamaswa runaka , agategura n’ ibice bikase
kandi bivangavanze bya ya nyamaswa, agasaba abana kwitegereza ishusho yuzuye hanyuma
bagafata bya bice bakabiterateranya bigakora ishusho isa neza niyo bahawe.
Umukino wo guhuza ibice byinshi bikase by’ ishusho bigakora ishusho yuzuye (Imyaka 5
kugera kuri 6)
Igikeri

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 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi ategurira abana ishusho yuzuye y’ inyamaswa runaka , agategura n’ ibice bikase
kandi bivangavanze bya ya nyamaswa, agasaba abana kwitegereza ishusho yuzuye hanyuma
bagafata bya bice bakabiterateranya bigakora ishusho isa neza niyo bahawe.
Umukino wo guhuza ibice byinshi bikase by’ ishusho bigakora ishusho yuzuye (Imyaka 5
kugera kuri 6)
Igikeri

Uko bikoreshwa

-- Abana bamaze kumenyera imiterere ya buri nyamaswa bongererwa umubare w’ ibice

bikase by’ inyamaswa maze bagakora ishusho yuzuye.
-- Abana iyo bahuza bashobora kugendera ku ibara , ku murongo uheruka , cyangwa ku
gice kigize inyamaswa amenyereye
-- Abana bahuza ibyo bice kandi bakabikora batanguranwa
-- Iyo Umukino ukomereye abana , umurezi ashobora kubaha urugero agahuza nk’ ibice
bibiri hanyuma abana bagakomerezaho.
-- Umurezi kandi ashobora kuborohereza akabaha ishusho yuzuye bakajya bahuza ibice
bayireberaho

Izindi nama

–– Umurezi ashobora gukoresha amakarita y’inyamaswa zitandukanye , izo mu mazi, izo mu

gasozi, izo mu rugo n’ ibndi
–– Abana bato batoranya izisa bakazishyira
–– Abana bashobora guhuza inyamaswa n’aho ziba
–– Abana bakina mukino w’amajwi y’inyamaswa: umurezi ashobora kuba yagabanya abana
mu matsinda mato cyangwa abana bagatora ikarita y’inyamaswa noneho abafite izisa
bagahagarara hamwe hanyuma bakigana ijwi ry’inyamaswa bafite.
–– Umurezi agenda ahindura imikino uko abana bagenda babira ubumenyi buhagije

43
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze
-- Abana batera imbere mu mitekerereze yimbitse mu gihe bari guhuza ibice by’ amashusho
cyangwa basiga amabara ajyanye na buri shusho
-- Abana bagira iterambere mu mbamutima no mu mibanire n’abandi ndetse bagasabana
-- Abana bamenyera kwikemurira ibibazo
-- Ibi bikorwa bituma imiyego minini y’abana ikomera.
-- Abana batera imbere mu kumva no kuvuga.
-- Abana bunguka amagambo mashya.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa1 umutwe wa 11
Umwaka wa 2 umutwe wa 13, n’uwa 14
Umwaka wa 3 umutwe 13, 14 n’ uwa 15

2.12. Ibidukikije kamere

2.12.1. Umusozi n’ ikibaya bibumbye mu ibumba

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ibumba, imbaho zo kubumbiraho, ameza, amashusho y’ imisozi n’ ibibaya.

Uko bikorwa

–– Umurezi ategurira abana ibumba ritunganyije , agategura n’ ameza cyangwa imbaho zo

kubumbiraho.
–– Umurezi ashushanya amashusho aboneye y’ imisozi n’ ibibaya akayashyira aho abana bari
bubumbire.
–– Umurezi atanga amabwiriza ngenderwaho kugir ngo igikorwa cyumvikane

44
 Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3

–– Umurezi ategurira abana ibumba akarishyira ku meza cyangwa ku mbaho bari bukorereho
–– Abana babumba bakoresheje intoki zabo
–– Abana bakiri bato bafata ibumba bakarikandakanda bagerageza kubumba icyo babwiwe
cyangwa se ikindi bishakiye
–– Buri mwana asobanurira umurezi icyo yabumbye hanyuma umurezi akamushimira
–– Singombwa ko icyo abana babumbye kiba kiboneye ijisho kuko ubwabo bazi icyo aricyo
kandi barabona ari byiza

Imyaka 4 kugera 6

Nyuma umurezi ashobora gukoresha ibumba ashobora no gukoresha igitaka cy’imonyi, igitaka
cy’inombe.
-- Abana bahabwa ibumba n’ imbaho zo gukoreraho cyangwa ameza
-- Abana bahabwa amashusho y’imisozi n’ ibibaya
-- Abana batangira gukata ibumba bakoresheje intoki zabo.
-- Abana batangira kubumba imisozi barebera ku rugero rwatanzwe n’ umurezi, bakagerageza
kumwigana cyangwa kumurusha kubumba umusozi ugaragara.

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 Imyaka 5 kugera 6

–– Abana bahabwa ibumba ndetse n’ imbaho cyangwa ameza yo kubumbiraho

–– Umurezi ashushanyiriza abana amashusho yoroheje y’ imisozi n’ ibibaye bitewe n’ urugero
bagezeho.
–– Abana bahabwa amashusho y’ imisozi n’ ibibaya bakayitegereza ngo bayabumbe
–– Abana batangira gukata ibumba bakoresheje intoki zabo
–– Abana babumba imisozi n’ ibibaya nk’uko bigaragara ku mashusho bahawe n’ umurezi
–– Abana kandi bamaze gutera imbere bashobora no kubumba umusozi batarebeye ku ishusho
–– Buri mwana yerekana umusozi n’ ikibaya yabumbye ndetse akabiganiriza bagenzi be
asobanura ibyo abiziho byose.
Izindi nama

Abana bashobora kugenda babumba n’ibindi bintu biboneka mu bidukikije kandi bikagenda
bihinduka bitewe n’ insanganyamatsiko bagezeho

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze
-- Abana batera imbere mu mitekerereze yimbitse mu gihe gutekereza uko babumba umusozi
-- Abana bagira iterambere mu mbamutima no mu mibanire n’abandi ndetse bagasabana
-- Abana bamenyera gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo
-- Abana batera imbere mu gukorana ubushishozi.
-- Ibi bikorwa bituma imiyego y’ ingingo nto y’abana ikomera.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa1, 2, 3: umutwe wa 18

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 3. IMIBARE

3.1. kuzuza uruhererekane ,mu ishusho cyangwa mu mibare

3.1.1. Kuzuza ishusho ukoresheje ibishyimbo. (imyaka 1 kugera 3)

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe:

Impapuro, ibishyimbo cyangwa ibindi binyamisogwe.

Uko bikorwa

Shushanya ishusho ku ikarita; uruziga, umwashi, kare, mpande eshatu,urukiramende cyangwa

imibare ariko ubishushanye igice ishusho yose utayigaragaje uko yakabaye.ibyo washushanyije
bigire binini bihagije kugira ngo abana babibone mu buryo butabagoye kandi biborohere
kubikoresha.
-- Koresha utudomo mu kuzuza ishusho.
-- Ugomba kuba ufite agakarito karimo ibishyimbo, ibigori cyangwa izindi mpeke.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana bashishikarizwa kwigana uko ishusho ishushanyije bakoresheje urutoki bakurikiza uko
ishusho imeze, hanyuma bagakoresha ibishyimbo cyangwa ibigori bakuzuza ishusho uko iri ku
murongo

47
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Kumenya uruhererekane rw’amashusho cyangwa rw’imibare .
-- Gukora amashusho n’imibare
-- Ubushobozi bwo kubona no kuzuza uruhererekane rw’amashusho
-- Gukuza imiyego y’ingingo nto no gukorana ubushishozi

3.1.2. Kuzuza uruhererekane rw’amabara

Gutegura uyu mukino w’ uruhererekane tugendera ku ntambwe zigaragarira mu mashusho

akurikira:

Gutondeka amabara (Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 3)

Abana bakiri bato bakururwa n’ amabara hanyuma bakayajyamo bayatanguranwa , buri wese
akarundarunda amabara abona amushimishije.
Abana bayatondeka uko babyumva , akenshi bakuna guhitamo amabara asa

48
Gukora uruhererekane rw’ amabara (Imyaka 4 kugera kuri 5)

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Impapuro z’amabara cyangwa izindi ziboneka,ikaramu y’ igiti, umukasi,amakaramu y’amabara.
Aho impapuro z’amabara bigoranye kuzibona umurezi yakwegera abadozi bakamuha udutambaro
tw’amabara tuba twarasagutse ku myenda tuba twarasagutse ku myenda badoda akaba ari two
ashushanyaho agakata.

Uko bikorwa

–– Ushushanya ikibabi ku rupapuro hanyuma ukagikata , ukagenda usiga amabara anyuranye

mu bibabi byose wakase , bitewe n’ umubare w’ uruhererekane ushaka gukora.
–– Iyo ufite impapuro z’ amabara atandukanye , uzishushanyaho ishusho y’ ikibabi hanyuma
ukayikataho.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana bitegereza kandi bakabara amabara bahawe hanyuma bagatondeka amashusho

y’ibibabi bubahiriza uruhererekane rw’amabara bahawe.

3.1.3. kuzuza uruhererekana rw’ ibinyampande ( imyaka 5 )

49
Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Impapuro zisanzwe cyangwa iz’ amabara iyo zihari cyangwa ikarito, umukasi,ikaramu y’ igiti.

Uko bikorwa

Shushanya ishusho (uruziga, umwashi, kare, mpande eshatu n’urukiramende) ku makarita,

udukarito cyangwa ku mufuka. Ibyo washushanyije bigire binini bihagije kugira ngo abana
babibone mu buryo butabagoye kandi biborohere kubikoresha.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana batondeka amakarita bagendeye ku binyampande, ku maforomo cyangwa ku mabara

bitewe n’ibyo wabateguriye .Bashobora kubikora mu gihe k’ inguni y’ imibare cyangwa igihe
bari hanze bateza imbere ubumenyi bw’ imibare.

3.1.4. Kuzuza uruhererekane rw’ imibare ( imyaka 5 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Amakarita y’ imibare asize amabara anyuranye.

Uko bikorwa

Umurezi ategura amakarita y’ imibare , akayasige amabara anyuranye ajyanye n’uruhererekane

yifuzako abana bakora cyangwa akajya yandika umubare umwe inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu.

50
 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana batondeka uruhererekane rw’imibare bagendeye ku mabwiriza bahawe n’ umurezi

–– Bashobora kugendera ku mibare yisubiramo cyangwa ku mibare isize amabara
–– Abana kandi bashobora gutondeka imibare inyuranamo
–– Iki gikorwa gishobora gukorerwa mu gihe k’ inguni y’ imibare cyangwa igihe k’ imibare aho
abana bashobora gukina batanguranwa gutondeka kandi babyishimiye

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Kumenya uruhererekane rw’amashusho, uruhererekane rw’amabara cyangwa rw’imibare .
-- Gukora amashusho n’imibare
-- Ubushobozi bwo kubona no kuzuza uruhererekane rw’amabara n’amashusho
-- Gukuza imiyego y’ingingo nto n’ ingingo nini no gukorana ubushishozi.

Izindi nama

Koresha ibishyimbo ,imifuniko y’amacupa, ibipesu cyangwa amasaro ubishyire hasi mu gihe
k’imibare abana babyifashishe mu gukora imibare cyangwa inyuguti

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3 : umutwe wa 1: Imibare kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 5.
Umwaka wa 3: Umutwe wa 9: Uruhererekane rwisubiramo, umutwe wa 7: Amashusho ngero.
Umwaka wa 2 : umutwe wa 8: uruhererekane rwisubiramo, Umutwe wa 6: Amashusho ngero.

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3.2. Kubara no guteranya ukoresheje ibikoresho bifatika nk’ amabuye
( imyaka 1 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe: Amabuye, aho kurambika (umukeka, shitingi), amazi n’isabune byo
gukaraba nyuma

Uko bikorwa

–– Kata amakarita mu gikarito cyangwa mu mpapuro z’ amabara anyuraye

–– Andika inyuguti kuri ayo makarita

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Jyana abana bose hanze bafite amabuye yabo.

–– Bashyire ku murongo babiribabiri barebana, umurongo umwe uwite ‘A’undi uwite ‘B’.
–– Bashyire yamabuye imbere yabo.
–– Umurezi asaba abana bo ku murongo wa ‘A’gufata amabuye ane.
–– Abana bo ku murongo A bafata amabuye ane bakayabarira mu biganza by’abana bo ku
murongo B noneho bagasubira ku murongo wabo.
–– Umurezi abwira abana bo ku murongo B gufata amabuye arindwi bakayabarira mu ibiganza
by’abana bo ku murongo A
–– Gukomeza kubara imibare itandukanye.

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 Igihe bikoreshwa

Umurezi ashobora gukoresha ubu buryo mu ishuri cyangwa hanze y’ishuri mu igihe k’imibare.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.

-- Ibikorwa bishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umwana,abana bose bagomba gukora kandi mu gihe

kimwe
-- Abana biga gukorera hamwe.
-- Abana bigira kuri bagenzi babo.
-- Abana barabara, bamenya imibare, bamenya guteranya no gukuramo.
-- Abana babona amahirwe yo guhaguruka, kugenda no kunama mu gihe bari gukora imyitozo
inyuranye.
-- Ibonezabuzima.

Izindi nama

Imyaka 0 kugera 3:
–– Abana batanguranwa gutoragura amabuye mato yateguwe n’ umurezi bakayashyira mu
dukoresho nk’ udukombe , udukarito n’ ibindi. Bakongera bagatanguranwa kuyatondeka hasi
bakuramo rimwerimwe.
–– Umurezi yirinda kubaha amabuye matoya cyane bashobora gutamira bakamira

Imyaka 4 kugera 5
–– Abarezi bo mu mwaka wa kabiri w’amashuri y’inshuke bakoresha amakarita ariho imibare
kuva kuri 1 kugera kuri5 bagahamagara umubare umwana akagenda akawufata

Imyaka 5 kugera 6
–– Abana bo mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri y’inshuke bakoresha amabuye bari mu matsinda
umurezi agasaba buri tsinda gutoranya umubare bakayateranya n’ay’itsinda bateganye.
Urugero:itsinda“A” bagafata amabuye atatu naho itsinda “B” bagafata amabuye atanu
bakayashyira hamwe bose bakabara bagasanga bafite amabuye umunani.
–– Bakoresha amakarita manini yanditseho imibare kuva kuri 1 kugera ku 10

Imyaka 6
–– Buri mwana wo mu ishuri ry’inshuke mu mwaka wa gatatu yicaye ku ntebe cyangwa hasi,
agomba kuba afite amabuye n’agakarito dusanga mu rupapuro rw’isuku. Umurezi asaba buri
mwana guteranya no gukuramo bashyira muri ka gakarito dusanga mu rupapuro rw’isuku
hanyuma bakabara amabuye bafite mu gakarito kugira ngo bamenya igisubizo.

53
Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke
-- Umwaka wa 1 ,uwa 2 n’uwa 3 w’amashuri y’inshuke: Umutwe wa 1:kubara.
-- Umwaka wa 3 w’amashuri y’inshuke: Umutwe wa 3: Guteranya no gukuramo

3.3. Umukino wo guhuza amashusho avangavanze agakora iforomo y’ikintu

3.3.1. Umugozi ugoronzoye cyangwa umunyorogoto ( imyaka 5 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Igikarito cyangwa urupapuro rukomeye .

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ikintu runaka. Urugero: umunyorogoto cyangwa umugozi ugoronzoye.

–– Kata amabara kuri cya gishushanyo ukoresheje marikeri .
–– Shushanya ishusho muri burigace ka wa munyorogoto cyangwa wa mugozi
–– Wa munyorogoto cyangwa wa mugozi wukatemo uduce byibuze kuva kuri 6 kugera ku10.
ukatire aho wakatishije marikeri
–– Abana buzuza urwo rukurikirane buri wese ku giti ke, babiribabiri cyangwa mu matsinda mu
gihe k’ inguni y’ ururimi cyangwa mu mikino y’ imibare hanze y’ ishuri

Uko bikoreshwa

Vangavanga ibice by’umunyorogoto wakase, hanyuma usabe abana kuzuza umunyorogoto

bashyira hamwe twa duce .

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Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bongera ubumenyi bwo gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda.
-- Abana bongera ubumenyi bwo gutekereza no kwikemurira ibibazo.

Izindi nama

Koresha amashusho atandukanye ,amafi maremare moto cyangwa ibindi abana bishimira.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3 w’amashuri y’inshuke: Umutwe wa 1:kubara.

3.4. Ingano ,kugerereranya ,ibipimo no guhuza ( imyaka 4 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Impapuro,amabuye, ububiko ,marikeri cyangwa amakaramu y’ igiti.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shyira hamwe amabuye makumyabiri afite amashusho n’ingano zitandukanye .

–– Yabike atandukanye mu gikombe,agakarito cyangwa mu gikapu.
–– Fata ibuye urirambike ku rupapuro ubundi ufate marikeri cyangwa ikaramu y’ igiti uzenguruke
kuri rya buye ugenda ushushanya mu iforomo y’uko ibuye riteye.
–– Shushanya ku rupapuro rukomeye amaforomo atandukanye bitewe nuko ibuye riteye
wifashishije ya mabuye ufite.

55
 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Shyira amabuye n’amashusho washushanyije mu nguni y’imibare maze ureke abana

babikoreshe mu igihe k’imikino yo mu nguni.
–– Abana bareba bitonze ibuye bakarihuza n’ishusho ryaryo rishushanyije ku rupapuro
rukomeye.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana baragereranya bakanapima ingano z’amashusho.
-- Abana babasha gufata amabuye.
-- Abana bafata ibyemezo bagendeye ku mahitamo ahari, kuko amabuye amwe ahita ahura
n’amashusho byoroshye .

Izindi nama

–– Mu mashuri y’imbonezamikurire hakoreshwa ibikoresho bigaragara neza mu guhuza ikintu

runaka n’ishusho yacyo.Urugero: bashobora gukoresha ishusho ya mpande enye, mpande
eshatu...
–– Ku yandi mashuri bakoresha ibindi bikoresho biboneka nk’ibikombe, ibiyiko, amakaramu
n’ibindi

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1 n’uwa 2 w’amashuri y’inshuke: Umutwe wa 2:Gushyira ibisa hamwe.
Umwaka wa 2 w’amashuri y’inshuke; Umutwe wa 3: igereranya ry’ibintu byibura bitatu.

3.5. Gupima uburebure n’ ubugufi

3.5.1. Gupima ukoresheje ibiti ( imyaka 1 kugera 4)

56
Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Uduti dufite uburebure butandukanye

Uko bikorwa

Shyira hamwe uduti dufite ikigero cy’uburebure butandukanye.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bapima uburebure bw’uduti bahawe no kudutondeka ku murongo bava ku duti

babonye ko ari tureture kurusha utundi bajya ku duti basanze ari tugufi cyangwa badutondeke
bava ku duti basanze ari tunini bajya ku duti babanye ko ari duto.
–– Abana babikora mu gihe cy’ ubumenyi bw’ imibare cyangwa mu gihe k’ inguni.

3.5.2 Gupima ukoresheje ibumba ( imyaka 5 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ibumba, ahantu ho kubumbira: ameza, igikarito, hasi, amazi meza yo gukaraba nyuma.

Ibumba ritabonetse
Igitaka cy’imonyi cyangwa inombe byakoreshwa.

Uko bikorwa

–– Abana batunganya ibumba ( gukata ibumba bakoresheje ibiganza)

–– Abana babumba bagendeye ku bipimo,ikigufi, ikisumbuyeho n’ ikirekire
–– Iyo barangiye kubumba batondeka ibyo babumbye bagendeye ku burebure no ku bugufi
bwabyo.
–– Abana babikora mu gihe k’ imikino yo mu nguni cyangwa igihe bari kwiga gupima mu mibare.

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 3.5.3. Gupima ukoresheje igereranya ry’ ibintu ( imyaka 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Umufuka , marikeri, utubabi dufite uburebure butandukaye, irati.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ku mufuka imirongo isumbana ( imigufi, imiremire, iringaniye) kandi mu byerekezo

binyuranye.
–– Tegura amababi y’ ikimera harimo ayareshya na ya mirongo washushanyije maze uyarambike
iruhande rw’ umufuka avangavanze.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bitegereza imirongo iri ku mufuka hanyuma bagahitamo akababi mu turambitse aho
iruhande bakagahuza n’ umurongo bireshya muri yayindi ishushanyije ku mufuka.

Uko bifasha mu myigire,mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Gupima uburebure n’ ubugufi, unagereranya ukoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye kandi
biboneka m uburyo bworoshye bifasha abana gutekereza byimbitse, gukorana ubushishozi
no kwishakamo ibisubizo
-- Abana batera imbere mu kugereranya ingano y’ibintu bitandukanye.
-- Abana bamenyera gushyira ku murongo ibintu bitandukanye ukurikije uko birutana mu ngano
yabyo.

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 Izindi nama

–– Koresha ibindi bikoresho karemano biri aho hafi : amababi cyangwa amabuye
–– Abana bakiri bato cyane bashobora gupima bakoresheje ibintu bike nk’ uduti dutatu, amababi
atatu n’ ibindi

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1 n’uwa 2 :Umutwe wa 2: Gushyira hamwe ibisa , umutwe wa 3: Igereranya

-- Umwaka wa 2 :Umutwe wa 3: igereranya

3.6. Gukora amakarita y’imibare mu bikoresho biboneka aho dutuye

Intambwe zigaragara mu mashusho akurikira zirerekana uko umurezi ashobora gukora amakarita
y’ imibare

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Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Teripuregisi (Triplex),ikaramu y’ igiti, irati,icyuma marikeri, amakaramu y’ amabara.

Uko bikorwa

–– Andika imibare kuri teripuregisi ( Triplex)

–– Fata icyuma ukatemo amakarita ariho ya mibare,. Siga amabara muri ya mibare cyangwa
uharire abana bayasige mu gihe bari mubikorwa byo munguni.

3.6.1. Gutondeka imibare isize amabara (Imyaka 0- 3)

–– Abana batondeka imibare uko babyumva bashimishijwe n’ amabara babonamo. Bashobora

kwegeranya imibare ifite ibara rimwe n’ iyindi yirindi bara ukwayo.
–– Umurezi yibanda guha abana ibintu binini bashobora kumira.

3.6.2. Gusiga amabara mu mibare (Imyaka 3 kugera 4)

-- Abana bahabwa amabara n’ amakarita ariho imibare bakayisiga amabara ari nako bamenyera
uko yandikwa.Iyo bamaze kuyisiga barayitondeka uko ikurikirana.

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 3.6.3. Gutondeka uruhererekane rw’ imibare ( imyaka 5-6)

Abana batondeka imibare uko igenda ikurikirana , bakamenya ujya hejuru cyangwa uwo bamanura
mu gice cyo hasi.

3.6.4. Gutondeka uruhererekane rw’imibare rwisubiramo mu mabara

( imyaka 5-6)

Abana batondeka imibare uko ikurikirana hanyuma bagatahura uko amabara yagiye yisubiramo.

3.6.5. Gukora imibare n’ urudodo

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Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Ubudodo, umushipiri, ikarito, marikeri, ikaramu, ikaramu y’igiti, umusumari, buji n’ikibiriti.

Uko bikorwa

–– Ku gice k’ikarito shushanyaho imibare minini ukoresheje marikeri. .

–– Tobora muri iyo mibare utwobo ukoresheje ikaramu, ikaramu y’igiti cyangwa umusimari;
bikore witonze ku buryo utwo twobo na two tuba dukora ishusho y’uwo mubare.
–– Inyuma ku ikarito shushanyaho umurongo uhuza utwo tudomo ukoresheje marikeri ku buryo
inzira z’umubare zigaragara inyuma ku ikarito ukurikije uko wanditse imbere.
–– Gereranya uburebure bw’urudodo cyangwa umushipiri wakoreshwa mu guhuza twa twobo
twose twanyujijwe mu umubare.
–– Shyira ipfundo rikomeye ku mutwe umwe w’urudodo cyangwa umushipiri ubundi utangire
uhuze twa twobo usa n’uri kudoda umwenda, uhereye aho umubare utangirira kandi
wubahiriza amerekezo y’imyandikire y’imibare.
–– Twika urundi ruhande rw’urudodo cyangwa umushipiri, ukore irindi pfundo aho umubare
urangiriye, wifashishije buji n’ikibiriti, kugira ngo urudodo cyangwa umushipiri bidasosoka.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umwana ashishikarizwa kwigana umubare runaka akoresheje intoki ze, akanabara utwobo
dukoze uwo mubare.
–– Umwana akoresha urudodo cyangwa umushipiri mu guhuza twa twobo twanyujijwe muri
wa mubare, yarangiza umurezi akamubwira gukuramo rwa rudodo cyangwa wa mushipiri
agahereza mugenzi we na we agakora uwo mwitozo.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kumenya imibare
-- Bifasha abana gukora imibare
-- Bifasha abana kongera ubumenyi bwo gukora unitegereza
-- Bifasha abana kwirinda, ubushishozi no kwikosora

Izindi nama

Kora amakarita afite amashusho atandukanye nk’uruziga, urukiramende, mpande enye, mpande
eshatu upfumuremo utwobo ubundi usabe abana bo mu mwaka wa kabiri banyuzemo urudodo
cyangwa umushipiri bahuza umuzenguruko.
Kora amakarita arimo imirongo yinyuranamo ushyiremo imyobo minini maze usabe abana bo
mu ishuri mbonezamikurire n’abo mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri y’inshuke na bo bahuze ya
myobo bakoresheje urudodo cyangwa umushipiri. Fasha umwana ku buryo nta mwobo n’umwe
asimbuka atanyujijemo urudodo cyangwa umushipiri.

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Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1 uwa 2 n’uwa 3 w’amashuri y’inshuke: Umutwe wa 1: Imibare, kubara.

-- Umwaka wa 3 w’ amashuri y’inshuke: Umutwe wa 7: Amashusho ngero

3.7. Gutondeka imibare ( imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6)

Gutondeka imibare ku biti

Buri mwana afata igiti kimwe kiriho umubare akawumenya ku buryo nibawuhamagara yitaba
Gushinga ibiti biriho imibare mu gasanduku k’ imibare

Abana bashinga mu gasanduku ibiti biriho imibare bari bafite igihe bakinaga umukino, buri mwana,
agatunganya umubare we neza ku buryo ugaragara

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Ibikarito, umukasi, ,impapuro z’amabara, inkoni cyangwa ibiti bito , marikeri, ubujeni cyangwa
amata y’imiyenzi...

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 Uko bikorwa

–– Andika imibare ku makarita byibuze buri mubare wisubiremo inshuro zirenga eshatu.
–– Shyira amakarita ku uduti ukoresheje ubujeni noneho udutondeke.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umwana ava mu mwanya we akaza agafata agati kariho agapapuro kanditseho umubare
runaka maze agasubira mu mwanya we.
–– Umurezi asaba abana kureba imibare yanditse ku dupapuro, akababwira ko navuga
umubare runaka umwana uwufite, yitaba avuga ati: “Ndi hano” hanyuma agahaguruka
akabwira bagenzi be umubare afite. Urugero: Gatanu uri he? Maze umwana ufite uwo
mubare agahaguruka akavuga ati: “Ndi hano.” Akazamura agati afite akabwira abandi
umubare afite.
–– Umurezi akomeza guhamagara n’indi mibare abana bakitaba nk’uko uwa mbere yabikoze.
–– Uyu mukino abana bawukina mu igihe cy’ ubumenyi bw’imibare cyangwa mu gihe k’imikino
yo mu nguni.
–– Umwana umaze kuvuga umubare we akanawerekana , aragenda akawushinga mu
gasanduku k’ imibare

Izindi nama

Umurezi asaba buri mwana gufata imibare ibiri itandukanye, akabwira abana bafite imibare isa
bakegerana, cyangwa abana bagakoresha imibare yanditse ku mabuye.

Imibare yanditse ku mabuye ( imyaka 4 kugera 6)

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Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Gutondeka imibare
-- Gufata mu mutwe imibare
3.8. Kubara ukoresheje impapuro zifite ishusho y’urukiramende
(imyaka 3 kugera 5)

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Impapuro, marikeri, ikaramu y’igiti, umusimari.

Uko bikorwa

Kata impapuro nyinshi mu ishusho y’igi maze wandikeho imibare itandukanye.

Uko bikoreshwa

-- Umwana afata urupapuro maze akareba umubare uriho agapfumura kuri urwo rupapuro
imyobo ingana n’umubare uri ku rupapuro yafashe, yifashishije ikaramu y’igiti.
-- Abana bikora mu gihe k’imibare cyangwa mu gihe k’imikino yo mu nguni cyangwa
umubyeyi akabikorana n’umwana we bari mu rugo.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Byongera ubumenyi bwo kubara no kwibuka imibare.
-- Uyu mwitozo kandi ufasha abana gukuza imiyego y’ingingo nto .

65
Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke
-- Umwaka wa 1, 2 n’uwa 3: Umutwe wa 1: Imibare.

3.9. Kuzuza imibare ibura

Abana b’ Imyaka 3 kugera 4

Abana batekereza umubare uri kuburamo bakawuvuga.Bashobora kwifashisha kubarisha intoki

cyangwa ikindi bamenyereye mu gutondeka imibare.

Abana b’ imyaka 5

-- Abana barabara bagatekereza imibare iri kuburamo.Iyo mibare iba yubitse imbere yabo.
-- Iyo bashoboye kumenya umubare ubura , bubura ikarita imwe yasanga ihuye n’ uwo mubare
akayitondeka mu mwanya wayo.
-- Iyo umwana asanze iyo yubuye atari yo arongera akayubika aho yariri akubura indi

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Abana b’ imyaka 6

Imfashanyigisho y’imibare kuva ku myaka 0-3

Iyi mfashanyigisho y’ imibare y’ abana bato itegurwa mububyo igaragara nk’ikinyamubyimba .
igomba kuba ikurura amatsiko y’ umwana . ibi kugirango bigerweho wubaka umubare kuburyo bw’
ikinyamubyimba imbere ugafungiranamo ibintu bishobora gutanga amajwi igihe umwana akoze
kumfashanyigisho cyangwa igihe ayijunguje. Ibi bikurura amatsiko y’ umwana cyaneko abageze
mugihe abashaka kuvumbura amajwi akinisha ibintu bitandukanye

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ibikoresho by’ibanze ,amakarita akoze mu bikarito cyangwa muri teripuregisi ( triplex),imifuniko
y’amacupa cyangwa amakarita mato akoze mu bikarito cyangwa mu mpapuro zikomeye.

67
 Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya utuzu turi ku murongo umwe cyangwa imirongo ibiri iteganye kugikarito,
ukoresheje irati na marikeri. Shaka imifuniko y’amacupa. Ushobora no gukata udukarita duto
ugereranyije n’utuzu washushanyije mu ikarito.
–– Andika imibare neza uko ikurikirana muri twa tuzu wubahiriza uko ikurikirana. .
–– Andika imibare itandukanye, kandi ntugire umubare n’umwe utaruka ukurikije uko ikurikirana,
ku mifuniko y’amacupa cyangwa ku dukarita duto wakoze mu rupapuro rukomeye cyangwa
mu ikarito.
–– Shyira imifuniko y’amacupa yanditseho imibare cyangwa udukarita duto, muri twa tuzu
twanditsemo imibare. Bikore ubihuza kandi wubahiriza uko imibare ikurikirana ariko
ugende usimbukamo imibare imwe n’imwe iza kuzuzwa hakoreshejwe imifuniko n’udukarita
tutashyizwe mu tuzu bihuje imibare.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umwana asoma imibare yanditse mu tuzu, ku ikarito ayikoraho, iyo ageze ahantu hari
umubare ubura awuzuzamo akoresheje ya mifuniko y’amacupa cyangwa twa dukarito duto
twasimbutswe tuba twanditseho imibare yo kwifashisha yuzuzamu tuzu tutarimo umufuniko
cyangwa agakarito kanditseho umubare bijyanye.
–– Umurezi n’abandi bana bashimira umwana wujuje neza utuzu akoresheje imifuniko cyangwa
agakarita kariho umubare bijyanye.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Kumenya imibare no kuyitondeka ku murongo yubahiriza uko ikurikirana.

Izindi nama

–– Guhuza imibare n’utudomo turi ku mifuniko y’amacupa cyangwa ku dukarita duto.

–– Abana b’ ibyiciri byose bakina uyu mukino mu gihe wagiye ukoresha imibare mike mike.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3 :Umutwe wa 1: kubara
-- Umwaka wa 3 : Umutwe wa 4: Gutondeka

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3.10. Amashushongero: Mpandenye, Mpandeshatu, Uruziga

Intambwe zo gukora imfashanyigisho z’ amashusho ngero zira mu mashusho akurikira:

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Amakarito, Teripuregisi ( triplex),imakasi, marikeri, ikaramu y’ igiti, irati, icyuma , kompa
Teripuregisi itabonetse wakoresha Igikarito gikomeye, ibice by’ijerekani.

Uko bikorwa

–– Ku gikarito shushanyaho mpaneshatu, mpandenye(urukiramende na kare), uruziga.

–– Fata icyuma ukate ya mashushongero ,unyuze mu mirongo washushanyije hanyuma
uyatandukanye naho yari ashushanyije.
–– Yavangavange uyarambike iruhande rw’aho wayakase

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 Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 1 kugera 4

–– Umurezi asiga ibinyampande amabara atandukanye ariko agashyiramo ibinyampande bisa

bifite n’ amabara asa kandi biteye kimwe.
–– Abana bato bagendera ku mabara bakegeranya ibinyampande bisa kandi bimeze kimwe

Imyaka 3 kugera kuri 4

Imyaka 4 kugera kuri 5

70
–– Umurezi ategura aya makarita akoresheje amabara ariyo yorohereza abana kumenya no
kwitegereza aho ari bushyire ishushongero afite
–– Umurezi asiga ikarita ibara risa n’iriri ku gikarito kandi byombi bikaba bifite iforomo imwe.
Ashobora no gusiga gusa ku mpande
–– Abana bahuza ayo mashushongero babanje kwitegereza neza ikimenyetso bagenderaho

Imyaka 5 kugera 6

–– Abana bitegereza neza amashushongero bafite, bakanitegereza aho basabwe kuyashyira

, hanyuma bakagenda bapima bareba ishushongero ikwiriyemo bakaba ariyo bashyiramo
–– Umurezi asaba abana kudahatiriza mu gihe babona idakwirwamo. Ahubwo bagomba
gukomeza bagashakisha aho ikwirwa.

Imyaka 5 kugera 6

–– Umurezi asiga amabara yitonze ukanataka utwo duce tw’udukarito dushushanyijeho

ibinyampande.
–– Ibyo bikore neza wubahiriza ibipimo wahisemo kugira ngo byorohereze abana guhuza uduce
tw’ibinyampande byakaswe n’amashusho yashushanyijwe hubahirizwa ubunini cyangwa
ubuto bwayo mashusho.
–– Abana kugira ngo bahuze , bagomba kwitegereza iforomo y’ ikinyampande afite.Kuba
amabara atandukanye ni ukugira ngo atekereze cyane uko kiremye , uko gikase,uko giteye
n’ uko kimeze.

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 Imyaka 6

Kubumba mpandenye , mpandeshatu n’ uruziga

–– Abana batangira batunganya ibumba bagiye kubumbisha ( gukata ibumba bakoresheje

ibiganza) bagakorera ku meza, ku rubaho cyangwa hasi.
–– Abana babumba amashushongero : mpandenye , mpandeshatu n’ uruziga batabireba kuko
baba bamaze kumenyera uko biteye.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bagira ubushobozi bwo kwikemurira ibibazo, bakamenya ibisa n’ibidasa .
-- Bifasha abana gutekereza byagutse bikanafasha imiyego y’ingingo nto gukura.
-- Abana biga kwifatira ibyemezo ku giti cyabo.
-- Biga guhitamo icyo bashaka bagendeye ku myanzuro yabo.
-- Abana bamenyera gukorana ubushishozi

Izindi nama

–– Abana mu myaka yose bashobora kubumba amashushongero bakabikora ku rugero rwabo.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1 n’uwa 2: Umutwe wa 2: Gushyira hamwe ibisa, umutwe wa 3: Igereranya
-- Umwaka wa 2: Umutwe wa 2: Gushyira hamwe ibisa; umutwe wa 3: Igereranya.
-- Umwaka wa 3: Umutwe wa 2: Gushyira hamwe ibisa

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 3.11. Amashushongero: Mpandenye, Mpandeshatu, Uruziga

Imyaka 3 kugera 4

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Igikarito, irati, marikeri

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya utuzu 8 tungana ku gikarito.

–– Mu tuzu turi ku murongo ubanza wandikemo imibare 1,2,3,4
–– Munsi ya buri mubare uri mu tuzu turi ku murongo ukurikiraho ugende ushyiramo utudomo
tungana na buri mubare.
–– Kata twa tuzu turimo utudomo udutandukanye hanyuma utuvangavange

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana bahuza ikarita iriho umubare runaka n’ ikarita iriho utudomo tungana n’ uwo mubare.

Imyaka 5-6

–– Kuri iyi mfashanyigisho y’abana b’ imyaka 5 kugera 6,bizaborohera guhuza aya makarita
neza bagendeye ku miterere y’ uko ikarita ikase

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 Imyaka 6

Kuri iyi mfashanyigisho y’abana b’ imyaka 6, kugira ngo bahuze aya makarita neza birabasaba
kubara neza amashusho ari ku ikarita bagashaka umubare bingana.

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe

Amakarita akoze mu ibikarito, imakasi na marikeri

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata ibikarito bikomeye ukatemo urukiramende, kata byinshi cyane bitewe n’ibyo ukeneye.
–– Hejuru ku urukiramende andikaho umubare rimwe, hasi ushushanyeho ishusho imwe
cyangwa ifoto imwe.
–– Ku rundi rukiramende na rwo rungana nk’urwa mbere hejuru andikaho kabiri hasi
ushushanyeho amashusho abiri cyangwa ushyireho amafoto abiri.
–– Komeza kugera igihe urangirije imibare yose ushaka ariko ukore uko ushoboye imibare
n’amashusho bibe ari binini cyane ku buryo byorohera umwana kubibona no kubikoresha.
–– Fata buri rukiramende urukate utandukanye imibare n’amashusho ubikate mu ishusho
ushaka ariko yorohera umwana mu gihe cyo guhuza imibare n’amashusho.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Mu gihe k’imibare umurezi aha abana amabwiriza,akabereka uduce twanditseho imibare

n’uduce dushushanyijeho amashusho,agasaba abana gufata uduce twanditseho imibare
buri wese ku giti ke akajya ahuza agace kariho amashusho n’agace akariho umubare
ungana n’ayo mashusho..
–– Ereka abana ko umubare umwe ujyana n’agace kariho amashusho kamwe nibabihuza
ntibihure neza ubwo baraba bashyize umubare aho udakwiye kujya kuko buri mubare
wuzuzanya n’agace kariho amashusho angana n’uwo mubare gusa.
–– Bika neze ayo makarita yanditseho imibare n’ashushanyijeho, ahantu atari bwangirike.

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Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Iyi ni inkomoko y’ubwigenge mu kwitoza guhuza imibare n’icyo bijyanye.
-- Bituma umwana afata mu mutwe imibare, maze yazagera mu mwaka wa 3 w’amashuri
y’inshuke akazamenya gukuramo no guteranya byihuse.
-- Abana bakoresha imiyego y’ingingo nto mu gihe bahuza ibice by’ifoto y’urungabangabo

Izindi nama

–– Ku bigo mbonezamikurire no mu mwaka wa mbere w’ amashuri y’inshuke, bakoresha guhuza

amafoto gusa. (nta mibare iriho).
–– Mu bumenyi bw’ibidukikije ukoresha amashusho ku ruhande rwo hejuru ajyanye n’ishusho iri
ku ruhande rwo hasi. Urugero ugashushanya inka hejuru hasi ukahashyira igikombe cy’amata.
–– Ku ruhererekane,ushushanya uruhererekane ruhura hejuru no hasi kuri buri karita .

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3 : Umutwe wa 1: Kubara
-- Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3 : Umutwe wa 9: Uruhererekane rwisubiramo .
-- Umwaka wa 3 : Guteranya, gukuramo no kugabanya.

3.12. Uruhererekane no guhuza ibijyanye

3.12.1. Guhuza imibare hagendewe ku mabara ( imyaka 1 kugera 5)

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Ibikoresho bikenewe
Igikarito, irati, amakureri cyangwa irangi ry’ amabara atandukanye, uduti dufite ingano imwe, imishito
cyangwa ibikenyeri.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya imirongo mu byerekezo bitandukanye nk’uko bigaragara ku ishusho.

–– Ku mpera ya buri murongo uhasige ibara rimwe no kuyindi mpera uhasige irindi bara
–– Fata twa duti , ku mpera ya buri gati ukasige amabara asa na buri murongo washushanyije
ku buryo umwana ari bubonemo agati gafite amabara asa n’ ay’ umurongo ushushanyije

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bitegerezanya ubushishozi amabara ari ku mpera z’ uduti n’ ayari ku mpera z’

imirongo, ubundi agahuza agati n’ umurongo bisa.

3.12.2. Guhuza imibare yanditse ku gikarito n’ iyanditse ku mifuniko y’

amacupa ( imyaka 4 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Igikarito kinini, marikeri, irati, imifuniko y’ amacupa

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya utuzu tungana ku gikarito.

–– Muri buri kazu andikamo umubare
–– Andika indi mibare ku mifuniko y’amacupa isa n’iri ku gikarito, hanyuma uyivangavange
uyirambike ku ruhande

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 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bitegereza umubare uri ku gikarito bakawushakira uwo bisa muri yayindi yanditse ku
mufuniko y’ amacupa hanyuma bakayihuza

3.12.3. Guhuza imibare n’ utudomo byanditse mu mpande zitandukanye

(Imyaka 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Igikarito kinini, amakaramu y’ amabara cyangwa irangi, urudodo rurerure.

Uko bikorwa

–– Andika imibare ku ruhand erw’ ibumoso ( 1,2,3,4,5,..), andika utudomo tungana na buri
mubare umwe muyo wanditse ariko uvangavange ntuyikurikiranye.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bifashisha urudodo bagahuza umubare n’ utudomo tungana n’ uwo mubare.Bikorwa

mu gihe k’ imikino yo mu nguni.

Icyo bifasha mu bushobozi ,mu ibyigwa no mu ingingo nsanganyamasomo

-- Kumenyera gukorana ubushishozi no kwitegereza mu gihe bahuza amashusho asize amabara
n’ibyerekezo byayo.
-- Bikomeza imiyego y’ingingo nto .
-- Kumenya imbyerekezo
-- Kwihangana no kwitegereza no gutekereza byimbitse.
-- Kumenya kwikemurira ibibazo

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Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke
-- Umwaka wa 2: umutwe wa 8: uruhererekane rwisubiramo.
-- Umwaka wa 3:Umutwe wa 9: uruhererekane rwisubiramo.

3.13. Amafaranga

3.13.1. Gutandukanya inoti n’ibiceri

Kubumba ibiceri ukoresheje ibumba ( imyaka 3 kugera 6)

Intambwe zo kubumba ibiceri mu ibumba ziragaragara mu mashusho akurikira

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Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Ibumba, icyuma n’ urubaho rwo kubumbiraho igikarito cyangwa urupapuro rukomeye
Igitaka cy’imonyi cyangwa inombe cyakwifashishwa ibumba ribuze

Uko bikorwa

Tangira ukata ibumba ukoresheje intoki , hanyuma ufate igiceri ugitsindagire muri rya bumba
hagati, kirishushanyamo, hanyuma ucyomoremo, harasigara ishusho yacyo.
Fara icyuma ukate ibumba riri ku mpande y’ igiceri kugira ngo igiceri gisigare kimeze neza.

3.14. Banki : Imikino yo kwigana ( imyaka 4 kugera 5 )

–– Kora inoti ukata impapuro zingana n’amafaranga wandikeho imibare: 500, 1000, 2000, 5000.
Hanyuma ufate ibiceri bibumbye mu ibumba cyangwa imifuniko y’amacupa maze ikoreshwe
nk’ibiceri bya 5, 10, 20, 50, 100.
–– Shaka ububiko bwo kubikamo ibiceri (icupa rya parasitike, igikombe, agakarito n’ibindi.)

Uko umukino ukinwa:

-- Mu mikino yo mu nguni umurezi afasha abana kwitoranyamo ababa abakozi ba banki n’ababa
baje babagana , baje kubitsa cyangwa kubikuza
-- Abana baje kubitsa babwira umukozi wa banki kubabikira cyangwa kubabikuriza amafaranga.
-- Umukozi wa banki abakorera urupapuro rugararaza ko babikije cyangwa babikuje amafaranga.
akarubaha bakarusinyaho hanyuma bakarumusubiza, nabo bagatwara urundi bisa.
-- Umukozi wa banki abaha amafaranga bakayabara barangiza bagataha.
-- Abaje kubitsa na bo baha umukozi wa banki amafaranga akayabara akayababikira.

3.15. Iduka : Imikino yo kwigana ( imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6)

-- Fata udukarito turimo ubusa n’ibindi bintu bitandukanye twasanga mu iduka.

Urugero: amakaye, amakaramu, amazi n’ibindi, maze ushyire igiciro kuri buri kintu.

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Uko Umukino ukinwa:

-- Mu gihe k’imibare cyangwa mu itangira ry’imikino yo mu nguni umurezi afasha abana

kwitoranyamo abacuruzi n’abaguzi
-- Abana bahitamo icyo bashaka kugura bakabaza igiciro cyacyo.
-- Iyo bagiye kwishyura icyo basabye umucuruzi, babara inoti cyangwa ibiceri bakishyura.
-- Umucuruzi yakira amafaranga akayagumana agahereza umuguzi icyo yamusabye maze na
we agatwara ibyo yaguze.

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Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bigana ibintu babona mu rugo n’amazina yabyo bikongera ubumenyi bwabo n’uburyo
amagambo akoreshwa.
-- Abana babona amahirwe yo kwitegereza, gukinira hanze no kumva ibyiyumviro bitandukanye
n’amarangamutima mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
-- Abana biga gutandukanya inoti n’ibiceri.
-- Abana bamenya amazina y’imibare minini (500,1000, 2000 na 5000)
-- Abana bagira amahirwe yo guhuza amafaranga no kugura no kugurisha.
-- Abana bagira amahirwe yo gutekereza ko bafite amafaranga ahagije cyangwa nta yo bafite
bakunguka n’ubumenyi bwo guciririkanya.
-- Iyo uri kwandika inyemezabwishyu harimo uburyo bwo kwitoza kwandika imibare n’inyuguti.

Izindi nama

–– Kora ivuriro ukoreshe udukarito twavuyemo imiti, ikaramu y’umutuku nk’igipimo cy’umuriro
umurwayi ashobora kugira, umugozi wo gupimisha uburebure umurwayi ufite ikarita
y’ubwishingizi mu kwivuza, iyo muganga amaze kumufata ibizamini amwandikira ku rupapuro
imiti ajya kugura maze agatanga inoti cyangwa ibiceri kugira ngo ahabwe imiti.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1 n’uwa 2 : Umutwe wa 5: Gutandukanya ibiceri n’inoti.
-- Umwaka wa 3 : Umutwe wa 6: Gukoresha neza amafaranga.
3.16. Umukino wo gutombora hakoreshejwe udutafari bita dayisi “dice”
( imyaka 4 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ibikoresho by’ibanze, ikarito cyangwa imbaho zoroshye za teripuregisi (triplex)

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 Uko bikorwa

Intambwe zo gukora udutafari two gutombora twa dayisi “dice”

–– Umukino wo gutombora ukorerwa ku dutafari twa dayisi “dice” ushobora kugira utudomo,
imibare, amabara cyangwa amashusho,
–– Kata urubaho mu shusho ya mpanenye zingana ukatemo ibice 6 ukoresheje urukero maze
uhitemo icyo ufatishisha ku mpande zayo.
–– Fata ikarito upime mpandenye mu bice 6 bingana zikoze ishusho y’umusaraba, hanyuma
ukata neza udukarita tungana twa mpandenye muri ya shusho y’umusaraba ubundi
ushushanyeho utudomo (tugaragaza imibare itandukanye) kuri za mpandenye zigize uwo
musaraba maze uhuze ayo mashusho ya mpandenye ukoresheje sikoci; numara kuzihuza
neza uzengurutseho sikoci cyangwa ubujeni kugira ngo ibyo bice bifatane, bikomere kandi
ntibyangirike.

Uko bikoreshwa

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha uyu mukino wo gutombora ari bwo bukurikira :

3.16.1. Umukino wo gutombora ukoresheje udutafari twa dayisi “dice”

( imyaka 5 kugera 6)

Uko umukino ukinwa :

-- Uyu mukino usaba abana barenze babiri byibuze kandi bazi imibare mu mutwe bagaterera
agatafari ka dayisi “dice” hejuru kugira ngo bafore imibare bahisemo.
-- Buri mwana ahitamo umubare ashaka gutombora kuva kuri 0 kugera ku10 biterwa n’ikigero
cy’umwana. Buri ruhande rw’ agatafari ka diyisi “dice” ruba ruriho imibare itandukanye
cyangwa itangana n’iri ku rundi ruhande.
-- Abana barenze umwe bashobora guhitamo umubare umwe. Umwe arabanza agatombora
yarangiza agahereza agatafari ka dayisi “dice” mugenzi we na we agatombora .
-- Iyo umwana atomboye umubare yari yahisemo ubwo aba atsinze arakomeza agatombora
n’indi mibare.
-- Barakomeza bagakina abatsinze bakajya hamwe bagakomeza bagatombora kugeza hasigaye
umwana umwe akaba ari we uba utsinze umukino wose.

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 3.16.2. Umukino wo kumaramo ukoresheje udutafari twa dayisi
“dice”. (Imyaka 4 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Udutafari twa dayisi “dice” turiho imibare itandukanye, ibishyimbo, utubuye, imifuniko y’amacupa
cyangwa ibigori, igikombe cyangwa ikarito yo kubikamo ibyo bikoresho.

Uko bikorwa

–– Umurezi abwira abana uko umukino ukorwa mu gihe k’imibare cyangwa mu gihe k’imikino
yo mu nguni.
–– Abana babiri bakina bashyira udutafari twa dayisi “dice” ku meza cyangwa hasi.
–– Umwana aterera agatafari hejuru maze uko kaguye akareba umubare uri ku gice cyo hejuru
,akabara ibishyimbo, ibigori cyangwa utubuye bingana n’umubare yatomboye (umubare
wagaragaye kuri cya gice cyo hejuru)
–– Abana barakomeza bagakina kugeza ubwo ibishyimbo, ibigori cyangwa utubuye byari
byateganyijwe bishizemo.
–– Umwana utsinda umukino ni ufite ibishyimbo, ibigori cyangwa amabuye byinshi.

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 Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 4 kugera 6
–– Ushobora gukora amakarita yanditseho imibare itandukanye maze umwana akanaga
agatafari ka dayisi “dice” hejuru hanyuma umubare uje hejuru umwana akajya gutoranya
ikarita iriho umubare uhwanye n’umubare uri ku gatafari ka dayisi “dice”. Iyo karita kandi
ishobora kuba iriho amashusho angana n’umubare uri kuri twa dutafari twa dayisi “dice”
–– Uyu mukino ukinirwa mu gihe k’ imibare ku ruziga , mu gihe k’ imikino yo mu nguni, haba mu
ishuri cyangwa hanze y’ ishuri ndetse no mu rugo.
–– Abana bakina ari babiribabiri cyangwa mu matsinda mato

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Gufata imibare mu mutwe, kumenya guteranya no gukuramo.
-- Uyu mukino wigisha abana imibanire n’abandi ituma bamenya gutandukanya gutsinda no
gutsindwa.
-- Uyu mukino utuma abana bishima ndetse n’imiyego y’ingingo ntoya igakura.
-- Umukino wo gutombora wigisha abana imibare, kubara, guteranya no gukuramo mu buryo
bwihuse

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2; Umutwe wa 1: Imibare .
Umwaka wa 3: Umutwe wa 1: Imibare no guteranya

3.17. Guteranya, kugabanya , gukuramo ( imyaka 1 kugera 6)

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Ibikoresho bikenewe
Udukombe, umucanga.

Uko bikorwa

Tegura umucanga uhagije, utegure n’ udukombe tutagikoreshwa ariko turi mu rugero rumwe
wongereho n’ agakombe kanini karuta udukombe wateguye.
-- Abana bayorera umucanga mu dukombe bakuzuza .
-- Abana bashobora guteranyiriza umucanga mu gakombe kamwe cyangwa
bakawugabanyiriza mu tundi dukombe.

Uko bikoreshwa

Guteranya ( imyaka 1 kugera 6)

..
–– Umurezi asaba abana kuyorera umucanga mu dukombe bakuzuza.
–– Umurezi asaba abana babiri baterura udukombe tubiri twuzuye umucanga bakawuteranyiriza
mu gakombe kamwe kanini karuta twa tundi tubiri.

Kugabanya ( imyaka 3 kugera 6)

–– Abana bazuza umucanga mudukombe dutatu cyangwa twinshi ariko bagasiga utundi
dukombe turimo ubusa.
–– Umurezi asaba abana kugabanyiriza wa mucanga mu tundi dukombe turimo ubusa
–– Abana bagenda basuka umucanga muri twa dukombe turimo ubusa , bakagabanya
umucanga wariru mu dukombe bawugabanyiriza mu tundi bingana bakaringaniza cyangwa
bagasumbanya bitewe n’ ibyo umurezi yababwiye.

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 Gukuramo (Imyaka 1 kugera 6)

Umurezi ategura udukombe twuzuye umucanga agasaba abana gukuramo agakombe kamwe,
cyangwa se tubiri bitewe n’ urugero rw’abana afite.

Gukuramo (Imyaka 1 kugera 6)

–– Umurezi asaba abana kuzuza umucanga mu dukombe yateganyije, hanyuma agahamagara

abandi bana bakaza bagakuramo umucanga mu gakombe kamwe, tubiri cyangwa dutatu .
–– Umurezi ashobora no gusaba abana bagakuramo umucanga mu dukombe twose.

3.18. Iminsi y’icyumweru ( imyaka 3 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Imifuka, impapuro z’amabara, amakarita akoze mu rupapuro rukomeye,marikeri, ubujeni, imiyenzi.

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 Uko bikorwa

–– Tegura amakarita ku rupapuro rukomeye kandi ukoreshe amabara atandukanye.

–– Kata amashusho arindwi mu ishusho nziza ishimisha abana, yakate mu mabara atandukanye.
–– Andika iminsi y’icyumweru kuri ayo mashusho cyangwa ku makarita maze uyatake ku rukuta,
ukoresheje ubujeni cyangwa amata y’imiyenzi.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi yigisha abana amazina y’iminsi y’icyumweru yifashishije indirimbo cyangwa imivugo
–– Umurezi abaza abana ngo “uyu munsi ni ku wa kangahe?” .
–– Umurezi ashyira ku rukuta amakarita yanditseho iminsi y’icyumwerun hanyuma agasaba
abana kujya gushaka umunsi bariho ku rukuta .
–– Umurezi amenyereza abana umunsi bagezeho ,akabereka aho wanditse.
–– Umurezi n’abana bafashanya kwibukiranya uko iminsi y’icyumweru ikurikirana.
–– Abana bashobora kumenya umunsi bagezehe bagendeye ku mabara yanditswemo
–– Umurezi yigisha iminsi igize icyumweru, mu gitondo abana bari ku ruziga cyangwa mu igihe
k’imibare bakamenyera kuvuga umunsi bagezeho buri munsi.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bibuka bakanasoma iminsi y’icyumweru bakanatondeka amakarita yanditseho iminsi
y’icyumweru ku murongo.
-- Abana batangira kumenya no kubahiriza igihe.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1:Umutwe wa 4 : ibikorwa by’umwana bya buri munsi.
-- Umwaka wa 3: Umutwe wa 5: Ibikorwa bya buri munsi n’ibya buri cyumweru.

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3.19. Ingengabihe n’amagambo ajyanye n’ibikorwa by’umunsi .

Ingengabihe y’umunsi ( imyaka 3 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
Imifuka cyangwa amakarita yo mu rupapuro rukomeye.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shyira ku murongo imirimo y’umunsi n’amazina yayo n’igihe ikorerwa.

–– Kata mu rupapuro rukomeye uduce twinshi cyangwa ufate umufuka uwukatemo uduce
twinshi.
–– Shushanya amashusho asobanura ibikorwa, urugero : ikaze ku ruziga,ubumenyi bwo guteza
imbera ururimi ku ruziga,ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije, imikino yo mu nguni, igihe cyo kunywa
igikoma, imikino yo hanze , igihe cyo kubara inkuru, igihe k’imibare, igihe cyo gusezeranaho.

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 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi agaragaza ibikorwa bigiye gukorwa

–– Umurezi abaza ibibazo nka: “Ni saa ngahe?”cyangwa akababaza ngo: “Ni iki kigiye
gukurikiraho?Ibi bifasha abana kumenya igihe bakoresheje ingengabihe iri mu ishuri.
–– Umurezi n’ abana , uko bagiye gukora igikorwa, babanza kucyerekana ku ngengabihe y’
umunsi bityo abana bakamenyera kubikurikiranya.
–– Umurezi n’abana baririmba indirimbo cyangwa bakavuga imivugo ijyanye n’ibihe by’umunsi.
–– Umurezi ashyira ingengabihe ku rukuta aho abana babasha kubona no gushyikira
–– Umurezi agendera buri munsi ku amagambo ajyanye n’ibikorwa by’umunsi kugira ngo
afashe abana kwisanga muri ibyo bikorwa .

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana basobanura gahunda zabo z’umunsi
-- Abana bategura ibintu mu gihe cyabyo.
-- Abana batangira kumva no kumenya agaciro k’igihe.
-- Abana batangira kujya batekereza ku kiri bukurikireho.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1 n’uwa 2: Umutwe wa 5: Ibikorwa by’umunsi n’iby’icyumweru.
-- Umwaka wa 3: Umutwe wa 5: Ibikorwa bya buri munsi n’ibya buri cyumweru.

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 4. INDIMI

4.1. Agatabo k’ inyuguti gakoze muri teripuregisi (Triplex) ( abana b’

umwaka 1 kugera kuri 6)

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4.2. Umukino wo guhuza inyuguti zisa ( kuva ku myaka 4 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibikarito, umufuka cyangwa impapuro nini zo kwandikaho, udukarita duto cyangwa imifuniko y’
amacupa, irati, marikeri, imakasi, amakarita y’inyuguti.

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata igikarito, igipapuro kinini cyangwa umufuka, upime utuzu 24 tungana ku buryo buri kazu
gakwirwamo umufuniko w’icupa cyangwa ikarita y’ inyuguti ( koresha imirongo 4 itambitse
n’imirongo 6 ihagaze cyangwa 3 itambitse n’imirongo 8 ihagaze)
–– Andika inyuguti imwe muri buri kazu
–– Izo nyuguti kandi zandike ku mifuniko y’amacupa cyangwa ku makarita wakase mu gikarito.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Muri uyu mukino abana bitegereza buri nyuguti yanditse mu kazu kari ku gikarito , bagashaka
iyo bisa iri ku ikarita cyangwa ku mufundikizo w’ icupa,hanyuma agafata iyo karita akagereka
ku nyuguti imeze kimwe n’ iyanditse ku gikarito
–– Hashobora gukoreshwa inyuguti nto cyangwa inyuguti nkuru.
–– Abana bashobora no gukina uyu mukino bahuza inyuguti nto n’inkuru zazo mu gihe bamaze
kuziga.
–– Buri mwana ashobora gukora wenyine cyangwa bagakorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri
(Inyuguti nkuru ni mu mwaka wa 2 naho inyuguti nto ndetse n’izivanze ni mu mwaka wa 3
w’amashuri y’inshuke )
–– Uyu mukino wongerwa mu nguni y’ ururimi.

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Gukusanya inyuguti (Abana b’ imyaka 1 kugera kuri 4)

Imfashanyigisho y’inyuguti (0-3)

Iyi mfashanyigisho y’ inyuguti y’ abana bato itegurwa mububyo igaragara nk’ikinyamubyimba .
igomba kuba ikurura amatsiko y’ umwana . ibi kugirango bigerweho wubaka inyuguti kuburyo bw’
ikinyamubyimba imbere ugafungiranamo ibintu bishobora gutanga amajwi igihe umwana akoze
kumfashanyigisho cyangwa igihe ayijunguje. Ibi bikurura amatsiko y’ umwana cyaneko abageze
mugihe abashaka kuvumbura amajwi akinisha ibintu bitandukanye

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Guhuza inyuguti nto n’ inkuru zazo (Abana b’ imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

-- Umurezi yandika ku mufuka inyuguti nkuru , agategura n’ amakarita y’ inyuguti nkuru cyangwa
nto bitewe n’ ikigero cy’ abana , akayavangavanga.
-- Abana bitegereza inyuguti ziri ku mufuka , bagashaka izo bisa bakazihuza Abana bamaze kwiga
inguguti ushobora kuzivangavangaT ukazibaha bakavanguramo izisa cyangwa bagashakamo
inyuguti nkuru n’ intoya zazo bakazihuza

Guhuza inyuguti nto (Abana b’ imyaka 6)

Abana bitegereza inyuguti nto yanditse mu kazu ku ikarito akayishakira indi nto bimeze kimwe
ariko yo yanditse ku ikarita cyangwa ku mufuniko, hanyuma akazihuza

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bamenyera inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda
-- Abana bakuza ubushobozi bwo gukorana ubushishozi, bagateza imbere imiyego y’ingingo
nto bigashyigikira imikorere y’ubwonko bw’ibumoso n’ ubw’iburyo
-- Iyo abana bakoranye ari babiribabiri bazamura ubushobozi mu mbamutima, mu bufatanye,
mu rurimi no mu busabane.
-- Abana bazamura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ imbogamizi mu gihe k’ ibikorwa by’imyigire
no kwirinda ibyabarangaza.

94
 Izindi nama

Ushobora gukoresha amakarita y’ inyuguti nto cyangwa inkuru bitewe n’ ikigero cy’ abana.
Abana kandi bashobora no guhuza amashusho.
Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’ amashuri y’ inshuke
Umwaka wa 2 n’ uwa 3; Umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’ inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda.

4.3. Amakarita y’ inyuguti ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6)

Amakarita y’ amashusho ( abana b’ imyaka 1 kugera kuri 4)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ibikoresho by’ ibanze, igikarito, imifuka cyangwa amakarito y’ amata y’ inyange

Uko bikorwa

–– Andika inyuguti zose into cyangwa inkuru ariko ntuzivange.

–– Koresha amabara abiri adasa kugira ngo utandukanye itsinda ry’ inyuguti nto n’ iry’inyuguti
nkuru.

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4.4. Inyuguti zibura (Imyaka 3 kugera kuri 5 )

-- Umurezi atondeka amakarita y’ inyuguti agakuramo atatu akayubika ,cyangwa abiri, imwe se,
cyangwa ukazitondeka agapfukamo zimwe na zimwe
-- Abana bitegereza uko amakarita atondetse hanyuma umurezi agakuramo ikarita imwe
batareba akababaza inyuguti iri kubura.
-- Umurezi arongera akavanga amakarita akayakura mu mwanya yararimo, hanyuma agahisha
udukarita tubiri batamureba akabaza abana inyuguti ziri kubura
-- Abana batekereza inyuguti iri kubura bakayivuga kandi bakubura agakarita yanditseho
bakayishyira mu mwanya wayo.

96
Gutondeka amakarita y’ inyuti (imyaka 4 kugera 6)

-- Buri mwana afata ikarita y’inyuguti (iyo hari abana barenga 24, wongeraho irindi tsinda ry’
inyuguti).
-- Abana baririmba itonde ry’inyuguti bagendagenda cyangwa biyereka mu ishuri.
-- Umwana wumvise bageze ku izina ry’inyuguti afite, azamura ikiganza kirimo iyo nyuguti.
-- Umurezi ahamagara izina ry’inyuguti hanyuma umwana uyifite akayizamura hejuru. Ashobora
no gukubita ikirenge hasi cyangwa agasimbuka.
-- Abana bashobora no gutoranyamo inyuguti bazi. Bashobora no gutondeka amakarita y’
inyuguti nkuko zisanzwe zikurikirana.
-- Abana bashobora no gutoranyamo inyuguti zisa mu gihe hari hakozwe inyuguti nyinshi.
-- Uyu mukino ukinwa mu gihe cy’ ubumenyi bw’ ururimi ku ruziga no mu gihe k’ inguni.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bamenyera inyuguti
-- Abana batera imbere mu mbamutima
-- Abana bazamura ubumenyi mu kumva

Izindi nama

Iyo hari inyuguti abana batangiye kumenya, nizo bahabwa.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’ amashuri y’ inshuke

Umwaka wa 2, umutwe wa 5: Imyigishirize y’ inyuguti
Umwaka wa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’uwa 5: itonde ry’inyuguti z’Iikinyarwanda

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4.5. Umukino wo kuzuza inyuguti zibura mu tuzu

Abana b’ imyaka 4 kugera kuri 5

-- Abana bitegereza inyuguti ziri kubura , bakareba inyuguti zirambitse hafi yabo bakazishyira
mu mwanya wazo.
-- Umurezi ashobora no kubika amakarita y’ inyuguti abana bakajya bubura ikarita bakayishyira
mu mwanya wayo.

Abana b’ imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6

Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Igikarito, amakarita y’inyuguti, imakasi, amakaramu y’ amabara

Uko bikorwa

-- Kata ibikarito bibiri bingana

-- Shushanya inziga zingana ku bikarito byombi
-- Andika inyuguti imwimwe muri buri ruziga ruri ku gikarito kimwe kandi wandike izo nyuguti
ku mifuniko y’amacupa cyangwa ku duce duto tw’udukarito.

98
 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana barebeye ku nyuguti ziri ku gikarito cya mbere, batondeka iziri ku mifuniko y’amacupa
mu tuziga turimo ubusa ku ikarito ya kabiri ku buryo zisa n’iziri ku ikarito ya mbere zikurikiranye
mu buryo bumwe.
–– Uyu mukino wongerwa mu nguni y’ururimi

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bamenyera inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda
-- Abana bazamura ubushobozi bwo gukorana ubushishozi, bakanateza imbere imiyego
y’ingingo nto.
-- Iyo abana bakoze iki gikorwa ari babiribabiri mu matsinda batera imbere mu mbamutima, mu
bufatanye, mu rurimi no mu busabane.

Izindi nama

–– Abana bashobora kuvangura amabara, amashusho , ibinyampande cyangwa imibare

–– Mu gihe ushaka koroshya umukino, wandika inyuguti mu mabara atandukanye, abana
bakagendera ku mabara.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’ amashuri y’ inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda

4.6. Kwandukura inyuguti ukoresheje ibikoresho/kwandika inyuguti

uyireba

Kwandikisha ibishyimbo (imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6)

Abana bigana uko inyuguti nkuru zanditse bakoresheje ibishyimbo cyangwa utubuye duto

99
Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Igikarito cyangwa igipapuro kinini k’ibara, umukasi, marikeri, ibishyimbo.

Uko bikorwa

–– Kata amakarita mu gikarito cyangwa mu mpapuro z’amabara anyuranye.

–– Andika inyuguti kuri ayo makarita.
–– Tegurira abana ibishyimbo cyangwa ubasabe batoragure utubuye duto bari bwifashishe

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bandukura inyuguti zanditse ku makarita bifashishije ibishyimbo.

–– Abana bashobora gukina uyu mukino buri umwe ku giti ke cyangwa babiribabiri mu itsinda.
–– Abana bashobora no gukoresha utubuye duto mu gihe nta bishyimbo byabonetse.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bamenyera uko inyuguti yanditse.
-- Abana bateza imbere imiyego y’ ingingo nto.
-- Abana batera imbere mu mbamutima , mu busabane n’ ubufatanye igihe bahane utubuye
two gukoresha.

Izindi nama

-- Hashobora kwifashishwa imifuniko y’amacupa, ibigori, utubuye, uduti,…

-- Ushobora gukata inyuguti mu birere hanyuma ukaziha abana bakigana uko zanditse
bakoresheje ibikoresho biboneka aho ishuri riherereye.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’ amashuri y’ inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda

100
4.7. Kubumba inyuguti mu ibumba

Abana b’imyaka 1 kugera kuri 4

Abana batangira babumba imirongo ariyo baheraho bahuza bagakora inyuguti

Abana b’imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6

Abana babumba inyuguti bamaze kwiga

Uko bikorwa

Abana bahabwa ibumba bagahabwa n’ amakarita ariho imirongo cyangwa inyuguti zimaze
kwigwa , bakazibumba bigana uko zanditse.

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 Uko bikoreshwa

-- Mu gihe k’ inguni y’ ubugeni, umurezi ayobora abana agendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko,

bakaba babumba n; inyuguti.
-- Abana barebera ku makarita y’ inyuguti cyangwa aho zanditse ku kibaho bakazigana
bazibuma

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze
-- Abana bakura mu mitekerereze, bamenya gukorana ubushishozi, kwigana uko ikintu giteye
kandi bagateza imbere imiyego y’ ingingo nto

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’ amashuri y’ inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda
-- Umwaka wa 1, umutwe wa 4: itonde ry’ inyuguti z’ ikinyarwanda – Guca imirongo itandukanye

4.8. Umukino wo guhuza ukoresheje urudodo (imyaka 4 kugera 6)

Intambwe zigaragara ku mashusho zirerekana uko kubitegura bikurikirana

Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Ibikarito, urudodo, marikeri n’imakasi.

102
 Uko bikorwa

–– Kata igikarito kiringaniye umwana ashobora gukoreraho, gishobora kujyaho inyuguti 5

cyangwa 6, imibare se cyangwa amashusho.(byibura kibe kireshya na cm 20)
–– Andika inyuguti nkuru ku ruhande rumwe rw’igikarito, wandike into zazo ku rundi ruhande
ariko uzitondeke unyuranyije urukurikirane rw’uko inkuru zitondetse. Wirinde kuzandika ku
mpera cyane.
–– Iruhande rwa buri nyuguti, caho akanya gato kaza kunyuzwamo urudodo.
–– Seseza urudodo ku gikarito hejuru hagati na hagati.
–– Mbere yo guca urudodo, banza ukine uwo mukino uwurangize maze ubone uko urudodo
ukeneye ruza kuba rureshya, hanyuma ubone gucaho ururenga.
–– Twika ku mpera z’urudodo cyangwa uhapfundike kugira ngo ururinde kudodoka.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana b’ imyaka 4 kugera kuri 5

103
 Abana b’ imyaka 6

–– Abana batangirira hejuru ku ruhande rw’ibumoso bagasoma inyuguti ya mbere. Bagashaka

inyuguti bisa ku ruhande rw’iburyo hanyuma bakayerekezaho urudodo, bakarunyuza muri ka
kanya gakase kari imbere y’inyuguti.
–– Abana bashobora gukina uyu mukino buri wese ku giti ke cyangwa bari mu matsinda ya
babiribabiri mu gihe k’ imikino yo mu nguni

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bamenyera uko inyuguti zanditse n’uko zisomwa.
-- Abana bazamura ubushobozi mu gukorana ubushishozi ndetse bagateza imbere imiyego
y’ingingo nto
-- Iyo abana bakoze iki gikorwa ari babiribabiri batera imbere mu mbamutima, mu rurimi no mu
busabane.
-- Abana bazamura ubushobozi mu gutekereza no kwikemurira ibibazo.

Izindi nama

–– Ku bana bakiri bato cyane bashobora gukoresha amashusho mu mwanya w’inyuguti.

–– Muri uyu mukino hashobora guhuzwa inyuguti nto n’inyuguti nkuru.
–– Inyuguti nkuru ni kubana biga mu mwaka wa kabiri naho inyuguti nto cyangwa into n’ inkuru
ni mu mwaka wa gatatu

104
Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’ inshuke
Umwaka wa 2 n’ uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’ inyuguti z’ ikinyarwanda

4.9. Umukino w’ imbata/ gusimbuka utuzu tugize imbata ( kuva ku mwaka

1kugera kuri 6)

4.9.1. Ikibariko cy’ amashusho /Gusimbukira mu tuzu tw’

amashusho ( umwaka 1 kugera kuri 3 )

Abana b’ imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6

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 4.9.2. Ikibariko cy’ inyuguti / Gusimbuka mu tuzu tw’ inyuguti

Imfashanyigisho zikenewe mu mukino: Inkoni, amakara, imbuga cyangwa hasi

Uko umukino utegurwa

-- Shaka imbuga isukuye
-- Shushanya urukiramende maze urucemo nibura utuzu 8
-- Muri buri kazu andikamo inyuguti imwe cyangwa ishusho imwe.

Uko umukino ukinwa

-- Banza ubwire umwana ko mugiye gukina “umukino w’ imbata” ( umukino wo gusimbuka mu
tuzu)
-- Ku mbuga y’igitaka cyangwa iriho sima, andikaho zimwe mu nyuguti, inyajwi cyangwa
ushushanyeho.
-- Bwira umwana age asimbukara ku nyuguti cyangwa igishushanyo uvuze.
-- Hindura umukino, ubwire umwana asimbukire ku nyuguti iyo ari yo yose cyangwa igishushanyo
icyo ari cyo cyose hanyuma avuge izina ry’icyo asimbukiyeho.
-- Mu mikino yo mu ishuri cyangwa iyo hanze y’ishuri mu gihe cy’ubumenyi bw’ururimi.

Ikitonderwa
Niba umwana afite ubumuga atabasha gusimbuka, mureke ashyire ibuye, inkoni cyangwa umupira
ku nyuguti cyangwa igishushanyo umurezi avuze.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bamenyera gutandukanya inyuguti,uko zandikwa n’uko zisomwa.
-- Abana bazamura ubushobozi mu gutekereza byimbitse no gukemura ibibazo.

Izindi nama

Ku bana bakiri bato, wakoresha amashusho y’ibintu bamenyereye cyangwa imirongo bize.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’ uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda.

106
4.10. Gutoranyamo ikidasa n’ ibindi

umwaka 1 kugera kuri 4

Abana bitegereza ku mashusho , bagahitamo ishusho imwe babona idasa n’ izindi biri kumwe
bakayerekana bakozaho urutoki cyangwa barambikaho agakarita

Abana b’imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

Abana basoma cyangwa bakitegerezanya ubushishozi ibyanditse ku murongo umwe utambitse

bakerekana ikidasa n’ ibindi bisigaye

Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Igikarito, urudodo, irati, marikeri

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 Uko bikorwa

–– Kata igikarito kiringaniye kubera ko gikoreshwa n’umwana w’inshuke, ku buryo kijyaho

imirongo 4 cyangwa 5 itambitse, kuri buri murongo hakajyaho inyuguti 4 cyangwa 5 cyangwa
se ibishushanyo.
–– Andika inyuguti 4 zisa, wandike n’indi ya 5 idasa n’izindi ku murongo utambitse.
–– Ku ruhande rumwe rw’igikarito genda ukataho akanya agato ko gucishamo urudodo
–– Pfumura umwenge munsi ya buri nyuguti ukoresheje umusumari.
–– Cengeza urudodo mu mwenge uri ku gikarito hejuru, kandi urebe neza niba urwo rudodo
ruza kwinjira muri buri mwenge ku buryo bworoshye.
–– Mbere yo guca urudodo, banza ukine uwo mukino uwurangize maze ubone uko urudodo
ukeneye ruza kuba rureshya,hanyuma ubone gucaho ururenga.
–– Twika ku mpera z’ urudodo cyangwa uhapfundike kugira ngo ururinde kudodoka.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana batangirira hejuru ku ruhande rw’ibumoso bagasoma umurongo wa mbere w’

inyuguti hanyuma bagashakamo inyuguti idasa n’izindi.
–– Abana bacengeza urudodo mu mwenge uri munsi y’iyo nyuguti, mu kurwinjiza, baturuka
imbere berekeza inyuma, rwagera inyuma bakongera bakarwerekeza ibumoso, bakarushyira
mu kanya gateganye n’ umurongo wa kabiri, bagakomeza Umukino gutyogutyo.
–– Abana bashobora guhitamo gukina umwumwe ku giti ke cyangwa bari mu matsinda ya
babiribabiri mu gihe bari mu nguni y’ ururimi.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bamenyera gutandukanya inyuguti zidasa cyangwa amashusho adasa.
-- Abana bakura mu mitekerereze yimbitse, mu gukemura ibibazo, mu gukorana ubushishozi,
bakanateza imbere imyego y’ingingo nto.
-- Iyo abana bakoze iki gikorwa bari mu matsinda ya bibiribabiri batera imbere mu mbamutima,
mu rurimi no mu busabane.

Izindi nama

–– Ku bana bakiri bato, gukoresha amashusho. Ni byo byiza kurusha gukoresha inyuguti.
–– Hashobora no gukoreshwa ibikoresho bitandukanye.

108
Urugero:
Ibikombe 3 bisa ukavangamo isahane 1.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’Inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda.

4.11. Igiti k’ inyuguti (umwaka 1 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Impapuro z’amabara, ishami ry’igiti rifite udushami duto.

Uko bikorwa

–– Kata impapuro z’amabara mu ngano imwe.

–– Andikaho inyuguti , amashusho cyangwa amazina y’abana.
–– Manika izo mpapuro kuri cya giti, ugende usigamo akanya hagati y’inyuguti n’indi kugira ngo
hatagira inyuguti ikingiriza indi.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Ha abana inyuguti hanyuma ugende uvuga inyuguti imwe maze umwana uyifite ayizane
ayimanike kuri cya giti.
–– Ushobora no guhindura ukajya uvuga inyuguti imanitse ku giti hanyuma umwana akajya
kuyimanura akayizana.
–– Abana bakiri bato batariga inyuguti barazifata bakazimanika ku giti gusa cyangwa umurezi
akabategurira amashusho bakaba ariyo bamanika.
–– Igiti gishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubumenyi bw’ururimi mu ishuri cyangwa hanze
cyangwa ku ruziga. Cyakoreshwa no mu bidukikije

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Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Bizamura ubumenyi bw’abana, bakamenya kandi bagatandukanya inyuguti cyangwa imibare.

Izindi nama

–– Ushobora no gukoresha ibibabi cyangwa se ibirere mu gihe utabonye impapuro z’amabara.

Ushobora kandi kumanikaho amashusho y’ibintu bijyanye n’ insanganyamatsiko iri kwigwa.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3,umutwe wa 4 n’uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda
4.12. Umukino wo guhuzano no gutondeka inyuguti hagakorwa
ijambo (imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

4.12.1. Kwandukura amagambo ukoresheje imifuniko y’ amacupa

(kwandika amagambo uyareba)

Imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6

Abana bahabwa igishushanyo k’ ikintu runaka ndetse n’ izina ryacyo ryanditse mu nyuguti zigaragara.
Abana bitegereza uko inyuguti zikoze ijambo, bagatondeka izindi zanditse ku mifunidkizo zigakora
ijambo nk’ iryo bahawe.

110
Gutondeka inyuguti ziri ku makarita zigakora ijambo (Imyaka 5 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Igikarito, imifuniko y’amacupa y’ibara rimwe,amakarira mato y’ inyuguti, irati, marikeri cyangwa
amakaramu y’amabara

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata igice k’igikarito kinini cyangwa umufuka mugari wandikeho amagambo 4 cyangwa
5, imbere ya buri jambo uhashyire igishushanyo hanyuma uce imbere y’ayo magambo
umurongo uhagaze.
–– Igikarito cyangwa umufuka biceho imirongo itambitse ingana.
–– Shushanya ku gikarito cyangwa ku mufuka, imirongo itambitse ingana kandi ifite umwanya
uhagije wo gutondekamo imifuniko y’amacupa.
–– Buri nyuguti yigenere umwanya ku buryo abana bamenya aho batondeka imifuniko y’amacupa.
–– Andika inyuguti kuri iyo mifuniko y’amacupa cyangwa ku dukarita duto dukoze mu gikarito.
Inyajwi uzandike mu ibara ritandukanye n’iry’ingombajwi.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana bitegereza ijambo rya mbere uko ryanditse ku gikarito cyangwa ku mufuka, bagatondeka
ya mifuniko iriho inyuguti igakora rya jambo. Iyo barangije ijambo rya mbere bakomereza no ku
yandi magambo.

111
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Kumenya gukurikiranya ibintu kuri gahunda.
-- Kumenya guhuza amashusho n’amagambo yayo.
-- Gukorana ubushishozi no guteza imbere imiyego y’ingingo nto
-- Iterambere mu mbamutima, mu rurimi no mu busabane.
-- Kuzamura ubumenyi bwo gukurikira.

Izindi nama

–– Ushobora kwandika ijambo rimwe ku gakarito gato.

–– Ushobora guhindura amagambo ugendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko.
–– Ushobora gukoresha amazina y’abana kugira ngo bitoze kwandika amazina yabo.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda.

4.13. Gukora amakarita y’ amazina y’ abana n’ ibirango by’ amazina

y’abana

4.13.1. Ibirango by’amazina y’ abana (Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

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Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Igikarito kinini cyangwa urupapuro runini rukomeye, marikeri cyangwa amakaramu y’amabara.

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata umufuka umwe cyangwa ibiri bitewe n’uko ishuri ringana cyangwa ufate urupapuro.
–– Gabanyaho imyanya ingana ukoresheje irati.
–– Shushanya ishusho y’ikintu runaka, imbere yacyo uhandike izina ry’umwana akunda
gukoresha.
–– Abana bamenya amazina yabo bagendeye kuri ya shusho bahora bitegereza iri kuri buri zina.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi yereka buri mwana ikiranga izina rye kandi akamumenyereza kuryitegereza buri
munsi
–– Buri mwana asabwa kumenya ishusho ijyanye n’izina rye. Uko ahora yitegereza iyo shusho
bimufasha kumenya uko izina rye ryandikwa.
–– Mu ntangiriro y’umwaka , manika amazina y’abana ariho ibirango byayo mu nguni y’ururimi
cyangwa ahegereye umuryango w’ishuri.
–– Mu gihe cy’ubumenyi bw’ururimi ku ruziga, erekana amashusho ajyana n’amazina y’abana.
–– Ereka buri mwana ikirango k’izina rye, cyangwa buri mwana abyerekane.
–– Mu nguni y’ururimi buri mwana ashobora kwigana ashushanya ikiranga izina rye uko
abyumva.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Kumenya kurondora amazina yabo naya bagenzi babo
-- Kugira ubumenyi bwo kwibuka ibyo wabonye.
-- Kumenyera inyuguti zikoze amazina yabo

Izindi nama

Umwana umaze kumenya gufata mu mutwe ashobora kuvuga ibiranga amazina ya bagenzi be
ndetse akanafasha n’ abatarabimenya

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’ uwa 3; umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda

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 4.13.2. Amakarita y’ amazina y’ abana ( imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6 )

Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Ibikarito, imifuniko y’amacupa cyangwa udukarita duto tw’ inyuguti, marikeri cyangwa
amakaramu y’amabara.

Uko bikorwa

–– Amakarita y’amazina
–– Kora amakarita y’amazina angana.
–– Andika izina umwana akunda gukoresha kuri buri karita.
–– Fata umufuka umwe cyangwa ibiri bitewe n’uko ishuri ringana cyangwa ufate urupapuro.
Gabanyaho imyanya ingana ukoresheje irati, hanyuma ukatemo amakarita yakwirwaho izina
ry’ umwana
–– Andika izina rya buri mwana ku ikarita mu nyandiko iboneye
–– Andika inyuguti ku mifuniko y’ amacupa cyangwa ku dukarita duto

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bandukura amazina yabo (kwandika amazina uyareba) bakoresheje Imifuniko

y’amacupa iriho inyuguti, udukarita tw’inyuguti duto cyangwa ikaramu y’igiti.
–– Ereka buri mwana inyuguti itangira izina rye, cyangwa buri mwana ayerekane.
–– Mu gihe cy’ubumenyi bw’ururimi ku ruziga, Saba abana bose bumva izina ryabo ritangirwa
n’inyuguti ya “a” cyangwa indi nyuguti uhisemo bahaguruke, bakome mu mashyi, gutyogutyo
–– Mu nguni y’ururimi: Abana bandukura amazi yabo bakoresheje ibikoresho binyuranye.

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Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Kumenya kurondora amazina yabo.
-- Kumenya kwandika mu cyapa.
-- Kugira ubumenyi bwo kwibuka ibyo wabonye.

Izindi nama

Abana bashobora gutanga amakarita muri bagenzi babo bagendeye ku mazina yabo, bakamenya
buri muntu izina rye.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’ uwa 3; umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda

4.14. Umukino wo guteranya ibice by’ ishusho hagakorwa ishusho

yuzuye. (imyaka 3-6)

Guhuza ibice bibiri by’ ishusho ( imyaka 2 kugera kuri 3)

Abana bahabwa byibura ibice bibiri bakabiteranya bagendeye ku cyerekezo kiri cyo
Guhuza ibice by’ ishusho iriho n’ izina ry’ iyo shusho (imyaka 4 kugera kuri 5 )

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Abana bahabwa ibice bivanze ariko buri shusho ikaba ifite bike bike bagateranya ibigize buri
shusho, bagakora amashusho atandukaanye

Guhuza amashusho n’ amazina yayo ( imyaka 6)

-- Buri shusho isize ibara risa n’ uko isanzwe isa na buri karita yanditseho izina ry’ iyo shusho
isize ibara risa nayo.
-- Abana bahuza ayo mashusho n’ amakarita y’ amazina yayo bagendeye ku ibara cyangwa ku
kumenya amagambo magufi

Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Igikarito,urubaho rworoshye cyangwa teripuregisi ( triplex), amakaramu y’ amabara, marikeri,
irati, amashusho n’amakarita y’ amazina ya buri shusho

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ishusho runaka ku gikarito. Urugero: inyamaswa, ibitwara abantu n’ibintu

cyangwa imbuto.
–– Igikarito gikatemo ibice bibiri bingana.
–– Shyira ibara ku mpande ziheruka uritsindagire ribe ikimenyetso gifasha abana kumenya ibice
bagomba guhuza mu gihe hari n’ibindi bice byinshi by’andi mashusho.
–– Ku mashusho yandikanye n’ amazina yayo, shushanya ishusho ku ikarito, nyuma wandike
inyuguti nto ku ruhande rw’ibumoso hejuru, wandike n’inyuguti nkuru yayo ku ruhande
rw’iburyo hasi. Andika kandi izina ry’iyo shusho munsi yayo.
–– Ku mashusho assize amabara bijyanye , ndetse hari n’ amakarita y’ amazina y’ ayo mashusho,
siga ibara risa n’ ishusho ku ikarita y’ izina ryayo.

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 Uko bikoreshwa

–– Iyo abana bahuza ibice by’amashusho, bahera ku nguni, ku mpera bagasoreza hagati
bahuza ibice byose.
–– Mu gihe cy’ubumenyi bw’ururimi, abana bahuza ibice by’amashusho bagakora ishusho
yuzuye, umwumwe ku giti ke cyangwa bari mu matsinda ya babiribabiri.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Kwikemurira ibibazo, gutekereza byimbitse no kunguka ubumenyi.
-- -bana biga kumenya ibice bigize ikintu runaka kandi bakamenya no kubihuza.
-- Gukorana ubushishozi no guteza imbere imiyego y’ingingo nto.
-- Iterambere mu mbamutima, mu rurimi no mu busabane.

Izindi nama

–– Hindura umukino wo guhuza ibice by’amashusho ugendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko igezweho.

–– Ku bana bakiri bato cyane, koresha ibice 2, 3 cyangwa 4 by’ amashusho kandi bitarimo
inyuguti cyangwa amagambo.
–– Ku bana bakuze bamaze kumenyera ibyo guhuza ibice by’amashusho, ubongerera umubare
w’ibice bagomba guhuza bikaba byinshi.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1, 2 n’ uwa 3; Umutwe wa 1: Gutega amatwi no kuvuga
Umwaka wa kabiri w’ amashuri y’ inshuke, umutwe wa gatatu: guteranya ibice bigize ishusho
Umwaka wa gatatu w’ amashuri y’ inshuke , umutwe wa gatatu: guteranya ibice bigize ishusho
Umwaka wa mbere w’ amashuri y’ ishuri yinshuke : ubumenyi bwubidukikije

4.15. Gusanisha inyuguti zitondetse n’ izivangavanze ( imyaka 4 kugera

kuri 6)

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Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe
-- Ibikarito, amakureri, marikeri cyangwa amakaramu y’ibara, umukasi, irati

Uko bikorwa

–– Tunganya igikarito kiringaniye umwana ashobora gukoreraho, ugishushanyeho utuzu.

–– Andika inyuguti (inkuru cyangwa into) zitandukanye muri buri kazu kari ku murongo wa
mbere, hanyuma wandike n’izindi nyuguti nto zazo mu tuzu turi ku murongo wa kabiri.
–– Kata inyuguti ziri mu tuzu two ku murongo wa kabiri uzitandukanye, imwimwe ukwayo maze
uzivangavange.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bashakisha inyuguti mu zikase bakazihuza n’izo bisa zidakase (inyuguti nto zishobora
gihuzwa n’inkuru cyangwa inkuru zigahuzwa n’into).
–– Mu nguni y’ururimi abana bashobora gukina uyu mukino umwumwe ku giti ke cyangwa
abana bari mu matsinda ya babiribabiri.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Kugira ubumenyi bwo kwikemurira ibibazo, imitekerereze yimbitse no kunguka ubumenyi ku
kintu runaka.
-- Abana biga kumenya ibice bigize ikintu runaka kandi bakamenya no kubihuza.
-- Gukorana ubushishozi no guteza imbere imiyego y’ingingo nto.
-- Iterambere mu mbamutima, mu rurimi no mu busabane.

Izindi nama

–– Ku bana bato wakoresha amashusho mu mwanya w’inyuguti

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1, 2 n’uwa 3, umutwe wa 1: Gutega amatwi no kuvuga
Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda

118
4.16. Inyuguti ukoraho ukazimenya /inyuguti zifatika

Inyuguti zibumbye mu mpapuro ( imyaka 5 kugera 6)

Inyuguti zikase mu birere ( imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

Inyuguti zikoze mu bikarito ( imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

119
Ibikoresho bikenewe
-- Igikarito, ibirere, ibumba

Uko bikorwa

–– Andika itonde ry’inyuguti inkuru cyangwa into ukoresheje ibirere, ibikarito cyangwa ibumba.
–– Kata buri nyuguti uyomore aho wari wayanditse , haba ku birere cyangwa ku gikarito cyangwa
iyo wabumbye

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bashobora gukora ku nyuguti bakamenya iyo ari yo

–– Abana bashobora gutondeka inyuguti bazikoraho
–– Abana bashobora gutandukanya inyajwi n’ingombajwi
–– Abana bashobora gukora amagambo mato bakoresheje izo nyuguti.
–– Iki gikorwa cyongerwa mu nguni y’ururimi, abana bagakorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri
cyangwa buri mwana ku giti ke.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Kumenya gukemura ibibazo, gutekereza byimbitse no gukurikira.
-- Kumenya gukorana ubushishozi no guteza imbere imiyego y’ingingo nto.
-- Kugira iterambere mu mbamutima, mu rurimi no mu busabane.

Izindi nama

–– Ku bana bato hakoreshwa amashusho aho gukoresha inyuguti.

–– Hashobora no gukoreshwa amabuye ariho inyuguti.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 2 n’ uwa 3, umutwe wa 4 n’ uwa 5: Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda3.15. Uko wategura

mu ishuri imfashanyigisho z’ururimi, gusoma no kwandika
Hariho ibipapuro cyangwa ibirango bijyanye n’ ururimi ndetse n’izindi mfashanyigisho byo kuman-
ika mu ishuri.Ibyo bimanikwa ahegereye inguni y’ ururimi n’ inguni y’ ibitabo, Iyo ahongaho ntam-
wanya uhari uhagije , bishobora kumanikwa ahandi ariko ukareba niba biri kuri gahunda kandi
bimanitse aho abana babona neza kandi bashyikira.

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Urugero rw’ amashusho ajyanye n’ ururimi:

4.16.1. Inyuguti zimanikanye n’ ifoto bijyanye

4.16.2. Inyuguti zimanitse mu ishuri

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 5. UBUGENI N’UMUCO

5.1. Kubaka imodoka muri tiripuregisi

Intambwe zo gukora imodoka muri tiripuregisi ziragaragara mu mashusho akurikira:

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Teripuregisi (Triplex), icyuma, ikaramu y’ igiti, marikeri na sikoci

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya imodoka kuri teripuregisi (Teriprex)

–– Ya shusho yikatemo ibice unyuza mu mirongo washushanyije.
–– Teranya ibyo bice ukoresheje sikocicyangwa ubujeni ubikoremo imodoka
–– Shyiraho amapine akoze mu giti uyasige ibara.

Ibikoresho byakora kimwe na triplex

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 Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3:
–– Abana bagendesha imodoka, bakigana uko ivuga ndetse bakitegereza n’ uburyo ikoze
–– Abana bigana uko imodoka ikoze bakayikora uko babyumva singombwa ko iba ariyo byukuri
, icyangombwa ni uko yatekereje ku rwego rwe uko yabigenza

Imyaka 4 kugera 6:
–– Abana bagendesha imodoka mu ishuri cyangwa hanze yaryo
–– Abana bigana uko imodoka ikoze bagakora izabo bari mu gihe cy’ ubugeni cyangwa bari
hanze y’ ishuri
–– Abana bayikoresha bakina,bigana inkuru cyangwa bayisubiramo mu magambo yabo
–– Abana babikoreha mu mikino yo mu nguni mu nguni yo kubaka , y’ ubugeni cyangwa yo
kwigana no mu gihe k’imikino yo hanze

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobobozi bwo guhimba no guhanga udushya.
-- Bifasha abana guteza imbere imiyego y’ingingo nto.
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi mu gusabana mu ndimi.
-- Abana biga guhuza ibinyampande bimwe, bingana no kuzamura ubumenyi ngiro bo ubwabo.
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura imbamutima.

Izindi nama:
Gukoresha amatafari, ibiti, udukarito.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 1,2, n’uwa 3; umutwe wa kabiri: kubaka ibintu bitandukanye

124
5.2. Kubumba ibikoresho bitandukanye ukoreheje ibumba

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe:

-- Ibumba, amazi, ibikoresho byo kubumba , ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibumba

125
 Uko bikorwa

–– Baza ababumbyi b’imitako cyangwa ababumbyi b’amatafari aho wakura ibumba ryiza mu
gace utuyemo
–– Kusanya ibumba ushoboye
–– Ribike mu gikoresho kirimo amazi cyangwa mu ishashi kugeza igihe muri burikoreshe
–– Mu gihe rikiri muri icyo gikoresho, jombamo igiti kugira ngo ukore umwobo
–– Uzuza amazi muri uwo mwobo (ibi bituma iryo bumba riguma koroha)
–– Mu gihe mugiye kurikoresha murarikata mukoresheje intoki mugakuramo ikintu mushaka.

Abana b’ imyaka guhera kuri 0 kugera kuri 3

Abana b’ imyaka 3 kugera kuri 4

Abana b’ imyaka 4 kugera kuri 5

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Kubumba ishusho y’ umuntu (Imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

Kubumba ishusho ijyanye n’ insanganyamatsiko igezweho ( imyaka 5 kugera kuri

6)

Kubumba inkono, icyungo, imbehe n’ umwana ( imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi ashobora gutandukanya amazina y’ibintu babumbye akanasobanurira abana

uburyo bwo kubikora.
–– Mu kubumba ikintu runaka bikorwa mu buryo bworoshye nk’umuntu, itungo, ibibindi,
amasahane n’ibindi bikoresho byo mu gikoni
–– Umurezi ashobora gutanga urugero rw’ikintu abana babumba agendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko.
–– -Mu gihe cyo guteza imbere ururimi: wakoresha ibumba ukora inyuguti
–– Mu gihe k’imibare: wakoresha ibumba mu gukora umubare cyangwa ikinyampande
–– Abana babumba mu gihe cy’ ubugeni cyangwa mu nguni zakorewe hanze bakabumba
ikijyanye n’ insanganyamatsiko bagezeho bayobowe n’ umurezi.

127
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi bwo guhimba no guhanga udushya.
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi bw’imiyego mito n’imiyego minini.
-- Bifasha abana kwiga imiterere, ingano no kuzamura ubumenyi ngiro bo ubwabo.

Izindi nama

–– Vanga ibumba n’amazi agereranyije kugeza kibaye ikibumbano.

Bwira abana bashushanyeho ku kibumbano cyabo cyangwa bacyandikeho n’intoki cyangwa
bakoresheje agate bashyireho icyo bashaka.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

-- Umwaka wa 1, 2, n’ uwa 3: Umutwe wa gatatu: Kubumba amashusho

5.3. Kubumba uhereye kubinyamubyimba ukoresheje impapuro

(imyaka 3 kugera 6)

128
Intambwe:
-- Guhitamo ikinyamubyimba wigana
-- Komeka impapuro ku kinyamubyimba wifashishije ubujeni
-- Kwanika ikinyamubyimba
-- Gukata ikinyamubyimba ugamije gukuramo icy’umwimerere
-- Gufunga ikinyamubyimba cya kabiri ukanacyanika
-- Gusiga amabara

Ibikoresho bikenewe :
-- Ibinyamubyimba,nk’ ibijumba imbuto zitandukanye, ibinyamakuru bishaje cyangwa impapuro,
amazi, ubugari bw’imyumbati , amarangi y’ intoki.

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata impapuro uzishyire mu mazi

–– Fata ikintu runaka ukereke abana bitewe n’icyo ushaka gukora. Urugero: igitoki, urunyanya,
puwavuro
–– Fata icyo wahisemo gukora hanyuma ucyomekeho urupapuro ukoresheje ubujeni
–– Mu gihe urangije gishyire ku zuba cyume.
–– Iyo kimaze kuma uvanamo cya gikoresho wakoresheje mu buryo bwiza usatura neza
warangiza ugafunga aho wasatuye ukoresheje udupapuro dutoya ndetse n’ubujeni (glue)
–– Iyo igikoresho washakaga kubumba kibonetse noneho ushobora gusiga amabara warangiza
ukanika bikuma.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi ashobora gukoresha ibikoresho impapuro mu gukora ikintu mugendeye ku

nsanganyamatsiko mufite. Urugero: imbuto, imboga, igikombe, inyamaswa runaka cyangwa
abantu
–– Abana bashobora gukoresha impapuro zikanjakanjwe mu gukora ikintu runaka bo ubwabo,
abantu, inyamaswa n’ibindi.

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Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kwigana ishusho y’ikintu runaka bagendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko.
-- Bifasha abana kumva ibidukikije n’ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye.
-- Bifasha abana gukuza imiyego minini n’imito
-- Bifasha abana kugira amahirwe yo kongera kwibuka igihe kirekire.
-- Bifasha abana guhanga no kuvumbura udushya.

Izindi nama

Impapuro zikanjakanjwe cyangwa zifunyanze ushobora kuzikoresha ukora ibikoresho by’umuziki

cyangwa ingofero ukoresheje uburyo bwavuzwe hejuru.

Aho bibonekera mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1,2, n’ uwa 3: Umutwe wa 1 : Guhanga amashusho

5.4. Komeka udupapuro dufatira mu mashusho , mu miterere cyangwa

mu iforomo y’ ikintu

Komeka udupapuro ukurikije uko ikintu giteye cyangwa iforomo yacyo (imyaka 1
kugera 4)

Komeka impapuro zifatira ugakora ishusho y’ ikintu ( imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6)

130
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibishishwa by’igi, urupapuro rufatira,imigozi y’ibijumba, umutura w’ikirayi, marikeri n’amakaramu
y’amabara , ubujeni.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ishusho iri ku rugero rw’abana , urugero : izuba, ukwezi, mpandeshatu,…

–– Kata udupapuro duto dufatira uduhe abana batwomeke muri ya shusho washushanyije
bakurikije iforomo yacyo
–– Abana bamenyereye bikatira izo mpapuro zifatira bakazomeka ku rupapuro runini bagakora
ishusho y’ ikintu bihitiyemo

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Shushanya ishusho y’ikintu ugiye kwigisha mu bice byinshi

–– Hereza abana amashusho washushanyije n’urupapuro rushushanyijeho uko izo shusho
ziteye
–– Abana bomeka impapuro zifatira muri ayo mashusho wabahaye bakurikije uko ishusho
ishushanyije ku rupapuro ndetse bakurikije imiterere yayo
–– Ibyo bometse bishobora kwifashishwa mu bidukikije aho abana bigira insanganyamatsiko
zitandukanye.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bafata vuba ishusho bari komeka
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kwiga unakora.
-- Bifasha abana kwibuka icyo bakoze igihe kirekire.

Aho bibonekera mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1,2,n’ uwa 3: Umutwe wa 1 : Guhanga amashusho

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5.5. Gutera irangi

5.5.1. Gutera irangi ukoresheje ikiganza (imyaka 0-3)

5.5.2. Gutera irangi ukoresheje ikimera ( imyaka 4-6)

132
 5.5.3. Gutera irangi ukoresheje iforomo cyangwa ibinyampande
(Imyaka 5-6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
-- Irangi, umufuka, urupapuro, ikaramu yigiti, ikaramu z’amabara. Caroti, amazi yo gukaraba,
icyuma.

133
 Uko bikorwa

-- Suka irangi ku mufuka hanyuma urambikemo ikiganza gifate irangi

-- Rambika cya kiganza cyagiyeho irangi ku rupapuro, kirahita kishushanyaho
-- Niba ushaka guteresha ikimera, kata karoti mu buryo ushaka hanyuma uyikoze mu irangi
ugende uyikoza ku mpapuro cyangwa mubundi buryo bukurikira:
-- Kata beterave cyangwa ikinyomoro
-- Shushanya ishusho ushaka ku rupapuro; urugero: uruziga, urukiramende, inyenyeri…
-- Genda womeka mu ishusho washushanyije ku rupapuro bya bice wakase bya beterave
cyangwa by’ikinyomoro, ugendeye ku buryo ushaka gutaka iyo shusho.
-- Ukoresheje andi makaramu y’amabara abana bashobora kongerera ubwiza iyo shusho

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana b’ imyaka 1 kugera kuri 3

–– Abana bakiri bato babikora nk’ Umukino aho bashobora no gukoresha ibirenge byabo
barangiza bakagende babikandagiza ahantu hatandukanye
Abana b’ imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6

–– Abana bamenyereye batera irangi mu byo umurezi agambiriye kubigisha bakabikora neza
–– Umurezi agenda abahindurira uburyo bwo gutera irangi akurikije insanganyamatsiko bari
bagezeho

134
Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi
bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiyego mito.
-- Bifasha abana guteza imbere ubufatanye n’ubusabane n’abandi.

Izindi nama

Ibindi bimera byakoreshwa bigatanga amabara ni nka karoti n’indabo.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1,2,n’ uwa 3: Umutwe wa 1 : Guhanga amashusho

5.6. Gutaka

5.6.1. Gutakisha amezi y’umwaka ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Igipapuro kinini kandi gikomeye cyo kwandikaho, amakaramu y’amabara, imakasi , impapuro z’
amabara

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ku gipapuro gikomeye amashusho ahwanye n’amezi cumi n’abiri y’icyo ukenewe
kwandikaho amezi y’umwaka (urugero: urukwavu)
–– Icyo gipapuro kinini gikatemo uduce duto ukurikije ya mashusho washushanyijeho.
–– Andika amezi y’umwaka kuri utwo dushusho wakase.

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 5.6.2. Gutakisha amazina y’abana ( imyaka 1 kugera 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibipapuro binini by’amabara, amakaramu y’amabara, umukasi

Uko bikorwa

–– Kata igipapuro kinini mu buryo butandukanye ukoremo uduce twinshi kandi ugene umubare
runaka w’uduce tugomba kuba duteye kimwe.
–– Andika amazina y’abana biga mu ishuri ryawe kuri twa duce wakase ukoresheje amabara ari
bugaragare bitewe n’ibara ry’urupapuro.
–– Genda ushyira ku muronko utwo duce wanditseho amazina y’abana, ukurikije amashusho
ateye kimwe

5.6.3. Gutaka inyuguti n’ imibare ( imyaka 3 kugera 6)

136
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Impapuro z’amabara, amakaramu y’amabara, imakasi, imiyenzi cyangwa ikindi cyakoreshwa mu
gufatisha izo nyuguti ahantu runaka, inyuguti z’amabara zanditse.

Uko bikorwa

–– Kata agace kamwe k’urupapuro rw’ibara ,ugahe ishusho y’uburyo ushaka gutakamo inyuguti.
Urugero: uruziga, mpandenye, mpandeshatu cyangwa ishusho y’ikintu runaka
–– Koresha ako gace k’urupapuro wakase ukagendereho ukata utundi tuce na two uduhe
ishusho isa na ko.
–– Andika kuri utwo duce wakase inyuguti cyangwa imibare kuri buri gace .
–– Manika utwo duce tw’ udupapuro wanditseho inyuguti cyangwa imibare, ku gikuta ukoresheje
imiyenzi, umutura w’ikirayi cyangwa sikoci.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Ibitatse ishuri, umurezi ashobora kubikoresha yigisha imibare cyangwa gusoma. Mu gihe
cyo gutaka biba byiza kumanika uduce tw’udupapuro aho abana bashyikira.
–– Iyo wamanitse amazina y’abana cyangwa inyuguti bifasha abana kubimenya
–– Kumanika amezi y’umwaka bifasha umwana kuyamenya vuba no kumenya uko akurikirana.
–– Gutaka ku gikuta, ubikora ukurikije inguni z’ibyigwa cyangwa ugendeye ku byo abana
bakeneye kubona buri munsi

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
Gutaka bifasha abana kuzamura ubumenyi bwo kugereranya ibisa n’ingano yabyo,gushyira ku
murongo no kumenya amabara n’ibintu bitandukanye.Bamenyera kandi gukora ibinogeye ijisho.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1,2,n’ uwa 3: Umutwe wa 1 : Guhanga amashusho

137
5.7. Gusiga amabara no gukata

5.7.1. Gusiga amabara ( imyaka 1 kugera 5)

5.7.2. Gukata ishusho y’ ikintu no kugisiga ibara risa n’uko

gisanzwe gisa. (imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6)

Gukata mu rupapuro no gusigisha amabara ajyanye n’ icyo wakase

Urugero: urunyanya rw’ umutuku, urukweto rw’ umweru

Gukata ikintu mu gikarito mu iforomo y’ uko gisanzwe giteye

138
Gukata mu mpapuro no gusiga amabara ajyanye n’ indabo

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Impapuro nini z’amabara, impapuro zisanzwe, igikarito cyangwa umufuka, amakaramu y’amabara,
imikasi,

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ishusho ushaka ukoresheje ikaramu y’igiti cyangwa amakaramu y’amabara

–– Kata iyo shusho ugendeye ukurikije uko wagiye uyishushanya maze isigare iri yonyine.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi ashushanya ibintu bitewe n’insanganyamatsiko agaha abana umwanya bagasiga

amabara ya mashusho yakase ari yonyine.
–– Ku bana bamaze kubimenyera , basiga ibara risa neza n’ uko icyo kintu gisanzwe gisa.Ni
ukuvuga umwimerere w’ ibara ryacyo
–– Gukata no gusiga amabara bikoreshwa mu nguni y’ubugeni n’umuco. Umurezi ashobora no
kugendera ku nsanganyamatsiko y’ icyumweru.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi bw’imiyego y’ ingingo nto n’ inini
-- Bifasha abana kwishakamo ibisubizo,no gukorana ubushishozi
-- Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi kwaguka mu mitekerereze.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1, 2,n’ uwa 3: Umutwe wa 1 : Guhanga amashusho

139
5.8. Ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori

5.8.1. Umupira ubanze mu birere ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibirere, imifuka, amazi yo kubobeza ibirere, imigozi yo kubangisha umupira

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata ibirere ubisukeho amazi.

–– Banga ibirere ubifunganye ukora umupira.
–– Wuharage uzengurutsa umugozi uzirika ,kugira ngo ukomere udahambuka
–– Kora umupira mwiza ukomeye.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Abana bakina umupira babanze.Bashobora gukina umupira w’amaguru, bawukina

bakoresheje amaguru buri mwana akina ashaka gutsinda uwo bahanganye, cyangwa
bagakinira mu matsinda.
–– Umupira kandi ukinishwa n’ amaboko.
–– Umurezi ashobora gukoresha uyu mupira mu gihe ari kwigishiriza ku ruziga cyangwa mu
ishuri ,akajya awuterera umwana ugiye gusubiza
–– Gukina umupira w’amaguru ni umukino abana bakinira mu ishuri cyangwa hanze y’ishuri no
mu bikorwa byo ku ishuri bitandukanye.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
Kwibangira umupira bibafasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiyego, kuvumbura
no guhanga udushya, gusabana hagati yabo bikanabafasha gukorera mu matsinda.

140
Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke
Umwaka wa 1,2, n’ uwa 3; Umutwe wa 4: Guhanga ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori.

5.8.2. Umugozi wo gusimbuka ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibirere cyangwa imigwegwe, amazi.

Uko bikorwa

–– Bobeza ibirere nurangiza ubisatagure

–– Boha umugozi w’ inyabutatu ukoresheje bya birere wasataguye ,umugozi umwe ureshye
byibura na metero ebyiri, uwo gusimbukira mu matsinda ushobora kureshya byibura na
metero enye.
–– Boha byibura imigozi itanu yo gusimbuka
–– Boha umugozi ugeze ku musozo.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana b’ myaka 0 kugera kuri 3:

–– Umugozi kandi abana bawukoresha nk’ ikiziriko, bagakina bigana uko bazirika amatungo
–– Mu mikino yo mu irerero, umurezi ashyira umugozi umwe cyangwa ibiri mu nguni y’ubugeni
n’umuco yo kuza guhambiriza ibikinisho bari bukinishe bari mu nguni
–– Abana bazunguza umugozi bashaka kuwusimbuka ariko ntibabibashe
–– Abana babiri bafata umugozi bagakururana bakina, bumva ufite imbaraga muri bo

Abana b’ imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6

–– Abana bagerageza kwibohera imigozi bazajya basimbuka bagendeye ku rugero rw’ umurezi
–– Abana bahagarara barebana, umwe afashe ku mpera z’ umugozi ,n’ undi afashe kuyindi
mpera y’ umugozi, bakazunguza umugozi abari hagati bakajya basimbuka

141
 –– Gusimbuka umugozi, ni mukino ukinirwa mu mikino yo hanze ahantu hari ikibuga kinini,
umurezi yigisha abana uko bawukina.
–– Umurezi kandi ashobora no kubigisha indirimbo, imibare cyangwa se inyuguti bakoresha
bari gukina.
–– Umurezi ashobora kureka abana bakaboha imigozi yo gusimbuka bo ubwabo mu buryo
bashaka, akajya atanga ubufasha mu gihe umwana abukeneye.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana bakuza imiyego y’ ingingo into n’ inini
-- Abana barasabana, batera imbere mu mbamutima no mumibanire n’ abandi,
-- Abana bakura mu mitekerereze yimbitse

Izindi nama

Parasitike, ibishishwa by’ibiti, imigwegwe n’ibindi wakoresha uboha umugozi.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1,2 , n’ uwa 3; Umutwe wa 4: Guhanga ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori

5.8.3. Imisambi

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ibirere byumye, ibikangaga, imirarama, imishipiri, imbarasasu, imigwegwe

Uko bikorwa

–– Ukusanya ibirere byumye cyangwa ibikangaga ukabitunganya, ukabyanika bigahonga.

–– Uko ubyanika ugenda wibuka kubisukaho amazi kugira ngo bidahinamirana.
–– Ushyiraho ingoyi ukaboha kugeza ku burebure bw’umusambi wifuza.

142
 Uko bikoreshwa

Abana b’ imyaka 0 kugera 3

–– Abana bawicaraho , bashobora kuba bari kunywa igikoma, cyangwa bari mu gukinisha
imfashanyigisho
–– Abana bakiri bato cyane iyo barwaye cyangwa basinzirira mu irerero bawuryamaho
–– Ku marerero afite intebe zitari mu kigero cy’ abana , yifashisha umusambi cyangwa umukeka
mu gihe bafite amikoro

Abana b’ imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6

–– Umusambi mu ishuri no hanze yaryo bawicaraho, bawukoresha mu byigwa byose, mu

nguni zose,
–– Abana bicaranye n’ umurezi basoma inkuru cyangwa baganira bawicaraho bari mu byigwa
bitandukanye cyangwa bari kunywa igikoma.
–– Umusambi nanone ushobora kuba wakoreshwa bawigiraho ariwo washyizeho
imfanshanyigisho z’ibyigwa.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Ibikorwa by’ubugeni n’umuco bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi mu miyego mito n’iminini,
mu mitekerereze, mu rurimi, imbamutima no gusabana n’abandi kandi bizamura ubushobozi
bwo kwiga unakora , gutekereza byagutse no kwishakamo ibisubizo.

Izindi nama

Ushobora no gukoresha imigwegwe n’ibindi bikoresho bindi uzi wakoresha uboha umusambi.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1,2 , n’ uwa 3; Umutwe wa 4: Guhanga ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori

143
 5.8.4. Ibikinisho

Igipupe k’inyoni

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe:

-- Ibitabu bito by’ ibitenge, umukasi, urudodo, urushinge, ikaramu y’ igiti

144
 Uko bikorwa

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibipupe

Urugero:
–– Koresha ikiyiko cyo mu giti, shushanya amaso amazuru n’umunwa ku kiyiko, koresha ibice
by’igitenge waciye umeze nkukora ikanzu.
–– Umurezi ashushanya ishusho y’ ikintu ashaka gukorera igipupe ku gitabu k’ igitenge
–– Iyo amaze gushushanya igipupe kuri cya gitenge adoda ku musozo w’icyo gipupe
washushanyije ugenda uhuza igice k’igitenge k’imbere n’ik’inyuma, ugasiga umwanya wo
kuza gukoresha ucecengezamo imyenda, impamba, imifuka cyangwa ikindi kintu washyiramo
kugira ngo igipupe kibe kinini; hanyuma ukadoda uho wanyujije ibyo wacengejemo
ukahafunga kugira ngo bidasosokamo.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana b’ imyaka 0 kugera 4

Abana barabiheka , bakabikorera nk’ ibyo babona bikorerwa abana mu muryango.Babikora

bigana ibyo babonye. Abana bitwara nk’ ababyeyi b’ aba bana b’ ibipupe

Abana b’ imyaka 5 kugera kuri 6

–– Ibipupe bikoreshwa mu kubwirana udukuru. Bikoreshwa kandi mu nguni yo kwigana; aho

abana bakoresha ibipupe bigana ibyo babona mu rugo.

145
 –– Mu nguni y’ibitabo: abana basoma igitabo bakoresheje ibipupe, mu gusubiramo inkuru
umwana abwira abandi bana bari mu nguni.
–– Mu nguni yo kwigana: abana bigana ibyo babona mu miryango yabo
–– Kubara inkuru: ukoresha igipupe ubara inkuru. Ushobora kuba uri kubara inkuru iri mu
gitabo cyangwa inkuru wihimbiye.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
Bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kuvumbura no guhanga udushya, imbamutima no
gusabana n’abandi kandi binazamura ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiyego mito y’ iningo nto n’inini

Aho bibonekera mu mfashanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 1, 2, n’uwa 3 :Umutwe wa 4: Kwihangira ibikinisho
inyandiko

5.9. Ibikoresho bya muzika:

Ishabure, umugara, icumu, amayugi, imishanana, agaseke, ingoma, gitari,umuduri.

5.9.1. Gitari

146
Ibikoresho bikenewe
Imbaho zoroshye, utujerekani cyangwa teripuregisi (triplex), amakaramu y’ amabara, ikaramu y’
igiti, icyuma

Uko bikorwa

–– Tegura teripuregisi (Triplex), uyishushanyeho gitari hanyuma ufate icyuma ukate ya gitari
ukirikira uko wayishushanyije.
–– Siga amabara asa na gitari mu ibice wakase maze ubiteranye ukore gitari yuzuye

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana b’ imyaka 0 kugera kuri 3:

–– Abana bakina na gitari bakajya bacuranga bigana abantu bakuru babonye bayikoresha
–– Abana kandi bacuranga baririmba n’ uturirimbo bakunda bigishijwe n’ umurezi cyangwa
bumvanye abandi.

Abana b’ imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6:

–– Abana bacuranga gitari bagerageza kujyanisha n’ injyana y’ indirimbo bazi cyangwa bize.
–– Abana bagerageza gukora gitari zabo bwite mu bikarito cyangwa mu bipapuro
–– Abana bamenya buri gice gikoze gitari n’ akamaro kacyo.
–– Abana bacurangira bagenzi babo, hanyuma nabo bakabyina

5.9.2. Ishabure , umugara n’ umwitero

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Ibikoresho bikenewe
Imifuka, ibirere cyangwa igitende

Uko bikorwa

–– Ishabure : kata umufuka uwukoremo ijipo kandi utaburemo uduce twinshi ku gice cyo hasi
nkuko ubibona ku ishusho.
–– Umugara : kata umufuka nkukora ingofero, dodora utudodo ku gice kimwe cyo hasi
ukuramo indodo zitambika izindi zihagaze zisigare.
–– Ingoma: kata igikoresho cya parasitike icyaricyo cyose gitanga amajwi , ushobora gukoresha
ikibido, indobo cyangwa uducupa dutandukanye.
–– Imirishyo: shaka aho uvuna ibiti ubishyire ku kigero kimwe nk’uko imirishyo iba ireshya.
–– Furari: umufuka wukatemo ifurari, abana b’abahungu bayikoresha babyina.

Uko bikoreshwa

Abana b’ imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6

–– Ubwira abana bazi kuvuza ingoma bakaza bakavicuza, abazi gokoma amashyi bakayakoma,
hanyuma abandi bana bakabyina bakurikije uko bari kubavugiriza ingoma n’uko bari
kubakomera amashyi.
–– Reka abana bigane amajwi basanzwe bumva, bambaye n’imyambaro yo kubyinana.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Ibikoresho bya muzika bifasha abana kuzamura ubushobozi mu ibonezabuzima.
-- Abana batera imbere mu bugeni n’umuco no kumenya umuco w’igihugu bakoresha ibikoresho
gakondo.
-- Bizamura ubushobozi bwo kwibuka, kwaguka mu mitekerereze, kuvumbura no guhanga
udushya, gusabana n’abandi no gukorera mu matsinda.
-- Abana bunguka amagambo menshi y’ umuco wacu.

148
Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:
Umwaka wa 2 n’uwa 3; umutwe wa 5: Kuririmba no kubyina hubahirizwa injyana
Umwaka wa 2; umutwe wa 6: Inkomoko y’amajwi
Umwaka wa 3;umutwe wa 6: Gukoresha ibikoresho bya muzika

149
 6. IBONEZABUZIMA

Integanyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke igaragaza ko abana bakwiye kwiga binyuze mu mikino.

Gukina bifasha umwana gukura mu gihagararo, mu iterambere mbamutima n’ imibanire n’abandi.
Muri iki kigwa turareba ingero z’imfashanyigisho n’imikino umurezi yategura ndetse n’ibikoresho
bikenewe n’uburyo bikoreshwa.

6.1. Gukina umupira w’ amaguru ( Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe: Umupira w’ibirere, ikibuga n’amazamu

Uko bikorwa

–– Jyana abana mu kibuga kirimo umutekano.

–– Shyira abana mu makipe abiri.
–– Umurezi atanga amabwiriza agenga umukino akabereka uko umukino ukinwa.

Uko bikoreshwa

Mu mikino yo hanze:
–– Jyana abana hanze mu kibuga kisanzuye maze ubahe umupira n’umwanya uhagije bakine.
Ibutsa abana ko bagomba guhererekanya umupira ku bakinnyi b’ikipe imwe.
–– Abana bashobora gukina umukino ku bwabo cyangwa bayobowe n’umurezi wabo. Reka
abana bakine bakoresheje amaguru cyangwa amaboko kandi ubabwire ko buri kipe igomba
gutsinda.

Mu mikino yo mu ishuri:
–– Hagarara ku ruziga hamwe n’abana maze uvuge izina ryawe, terera umupira ku wundi mwana
umubwire avuge amazina ye, bwira uwo mwana na we aterere umupira kuri mugenzi we na
we avuge amazina ye, gutyogutyo kugeza abana bose bavuze amazina yabo.

151
 –– Uyu ni umukino mwiza cyanecyane mu ntangiriro y’umwaka w’amashuri igihe abana bari
kwibwirana. Ushobora kwifashisha uyu mukino kandi mu gihe wigisha: Imibare, kuvuga
imyaka, amabara, amashusho, inyamaswa, ibiribwa, ibinyobwa n’ibindi.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Abana batera imbere mu bumenyi, imitekerereze ndetse bagakuza imiyego y’ingingo nto
n’inini
-- Abana batera imbere mu kuvumbura no guhanga udushya.
-- Abana batera imbere mu mbamutima n’imibanire n’abandi ndetse no gukorera hamwe.

Izindi nama

Umurezi ashobora kuzana ibirere by’insina mu ishuri, abana bakabanga imipira. Mu gihe harimo
abana bafite ubumuga cyangwa undi ukeneye ubufasha umurezi ashobora kumufasha.

Aho biboneka munteganyanyigisho y’amashuri yinshuke:

Umwaka wa 1, 2 n’uwa 3 ; Umutwe wa 1: Kwitoza imiyego itandukanye :

6.2. Gusimbuka umugozi. ( imyaka 1 kugera kuri 6)

Umukino abana bakina bonyine

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Umugozi uboshye mu birere

152
 Uko bikorwa

–– Abana babiri bafata umugozi umwe ku mpera zombi, bakajya bawuzunguza, abandi bana
bakawusimbuka.
–– Mu gihe umukino uyobowe n’umurezi ashobora kubafasha kubara cyangwa kuvuga inyuguti.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Umurezi afata umwanya akereka abana uko basimbuka umugozi.

–– Umurezi ashobora kwigisha abana indirimbo baririmba mu gihe basimbuka umugozi.
–– Umurezi kandi ashishikariza abana gufashanya, mu gihe hari umwana ubizi neza mubwire
yerekere abandi uko bikorwa kandi ubareke bavumbure ubundi buryo basimbukamo
umugozi.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha kwaguka mu mitekerereze n’ iterambere mbamutima n’imibanire n’abandi.
-- Byongerera abana ubushobozi bwo kuvumbura no guhanga udushya.
-- Bifasha umwana gukoresha imiyego y’ingingo nini n’into.
-- Byongerera abana ubushobozi bwo kumenya imibare no kubara.

Izindi nama

–– Kubana bato, umurezi abafasha gusimbuka umugozi

–– Ku bana bamenyereye, umwana ashobora gufata umugozi agasimbuka wenyine

Umwana asimbuka umugozi wenyine. Abana basimbuka bayobowe n’umurezi

Aho biboneka munteganyanyigisho y’amashurit yinshuke :

Umwaka wa 1,2, n’ uwa 3 : umutwe wa mbere : Kwitoza imiyego itandukanye

153
6.3. Gukina Agati ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Agate,ikibuga

Uko bikorwa

Abana bashyirwa mu matsinda abiri bagaharara ku mirongo iteganye.

Uburyo bikorwamo
Buri tsinda rihitamo ubanziriza abandi kwiruka. Hereza umwana agati yiruke akurikire mugenzi we
wo mu rindi tsinda, agamije kumukozaho ka gati yahawe kugira ngo abe atsinze igitego. Abana
bagenda baherezanya agati kugeza habonetse itsinda ritsinda igitego.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kwaguka mu mitekereze n’iterambere mbamutima n’imibanire n’abandi
-- Bifasha umwana gukoresha imiyego y’ingingo nini n’into.
-- Byongerera abana ubushobozi bwo kuvumbura no guhanga udushya.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3 w’amashuri y’inshuke; umutwe wa 1: Imiyego y’ingingo nini.

154
6.4. Imyicungo ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ibiti, amapine, imigozi

Uko bikorwa

Umwana yicara ku ipine maze akicunda abifashijwemo na bagenzi be

Uburyo n’aho wakoreshwa:

Imyaka 0 kugera 3:
Abana bafashijwe n’ umurezi , abashyira ku mwicungo uru ku kigero cyabo kandi uri ahantu
hatekanye , hanyuma akabafasha kwicunga

Imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6

Mu gihe k’imikino yo hanze ku bana bamenyereye bajya aho imyicungo iri bakicunga bakajya
basimburana kugira ngo bose bagerweho.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
Imyicungo iteza imbere ibyiyumviro by’umwana.
Imyicungo ituma imiyego y’ ingingo nto n’ inini ikura.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3 ; umutwe wa mbere: Imiyego y’ingingo nini.

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6.5. Umucanga ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoreho b’ibanze bikenwe

Umucanga, isanduka cyanwa ikindi gikoresho washyiramo umucanga

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata umucanga uwushyire mu gikoresho cyabugenewe cyangwa hanze.

–– Shaka ahantu hatekanye ku buryo abana bahakinira.

Uko bikoreshwa

Imyaka 0 kugera 3:
–– Abana bakiri bato bakinira mu mucanga bari kumwe n’ umurezi wabo
–– Abana basharabagamo, bakawurunda , bakawusanza , bakawigaraguramo, bagacukuramo
cyangwa bagakoramo ibirundo

Imyaka 4 kugera kuri 6

Kwandika mu mucanga ukoresheje urutoki.

Umucanga ushobora gushyirwa mu ishuri abana bagakiniramo mu gihe uri mu gikoresho

cyangwa bigakorerwa hanze mu byigwa byose.

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 -- Abana bashobora kwandikisha urutoki bakandika inyuguti , imibare, amashusho
-- Umurezi ashobora kuyobora abana icyo bari bukore agendeye ku nsanganyamatsiko
igezweho

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Byongerera abana ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no gukoresha imiyego y’ingingo nini n’into.
-- Byongerera abana ubushobozi bwo kuvumbura no guhanga udushya, iterambere mbamutima
n’imibanire n’abandi.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke

Umwaka wa 1, 2, n’uwa 3 ; umutwe wa 1: Imiyego y’ingingo nini

6.6. Umucanga ( imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Uduti dutoya, impapuro, ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, ubujeni

Uko bikorwa

–– Fata Urupapuro urucemo mpande eshatu

–– Shushanya ibikorwa bigaragarira abana kuri izo mpapuro waciye: Kwiruka , kwicara ,
gukoma amashyi,..
–– Fata urupapuro rwawe urwomeke ku gati ukore ibendera.
–– Siga amabara atandukanye ku mpapuro zawe wakoze nk’ibendera kugira ngo akurure abana.

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 Uburyo bikoreshwa

–– Fata abana bamwe ubahe uduti tubiri twometseho urupapuro rushushanyijeho ibikorwa
bitandukanye. Urugero: gusimbuka, kwirukanka, gukoma amashyi, kunama, kwicara ,
kuryama.
–– Hitamo umwana ayobore abandi. Mubwire azamure agati kariho urupapuro maze abandi
bakore igikorwa cyanditse kuri urwo rupapuro. Nazamura akariho ishusho yerekana
gusimbuka, abandi barasimbuka. Nazamura akariho ishusho yo kwirukanka, abandi bana
barirukanka.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Byongerera abana ubushobozi bwo kwigirira ikizere no kumenya amagambo mashya
-- Bifasha abana kwaguka mu mitekerereze no kumenya amagambo mashya.
-- Bifasha abana kandi mu iterambere mbamutima n’imibanire n’abandi.
-- Bifasha umwana gukoresha imiyego y’ingingo nini ndetse n’imiyego y’ ingingo nto.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

-- Umwaka wa 1, 2 n’uwa 3 ; umutwe wa mbere: Imiyego y’ingingo nini

6.7. Ibikoresho by’isuku (Imyaka 0 kugera kuri 6)

Ibikoresho bikenewe
Ibikoresho bitandukanye : amasahani, ibikombe,ibiyiko, isabune, amazi, ibase, ijerekani, ameza ,
intebe, …

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 7. ITERAMBERE MU MBAMUTIMA NO
MU MIBANIRE N’ABANDI

Uko bikorwa

–– Kora ifoto yoroheje ugendeye ku byo abana bakunda n’ibyo banga, ibyo batinya, uko biyumva
mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe.
–– Urugero: amabara, imyambaro, ubwoko bw’ibiribwa, ibinyobwa, inyamaswa, ibihingwa
n’ibindi.
–– Shushanya amafoto ku bikarito, imifuka, cyangwa ku mpapuro z’amabara zikomeye.
–– Koresha marikeri, amabara n’amarangi kugira ngo bigaragare neza abana babibone uko
bikwiye.
–– Amabara n’amarangi bikoreshe kugira ngo bireshye abana kandi ukoreshe ibara nyaryo
ry’ikintu. Urugero: umuneke usigwe ibara ry’umuhondo.

Uko bikoreshwa

Hari uburyo bwinshi amafoto yakoreshwamo kugira ngo abana bagaragaze ibyiyumviro byabo:
–– Amafoto ashobora gushyirwa ku meza areba hasi.
–– Buri mwana agatora ikarita akavuga uko ayumva
–– Abana bashobora kubwirwa bagahitamo amafoto abatera ubwoba; urugero: inzoka, intare
cyangwa amafoto y’ibintu bakunda n’ibyo badakunda.
–– Abana bashobora kuvangura amafoto bitewe n’uko atuma bamererwa. Urugero: kwishima,
kubabara, kugira ubwoba...
–– Amafoto ashobora gukoreshwa mu nguni z’imikino, mu ndimi, ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije no
mu bikorwa by’imibare.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Bifasha abana kumenya gutandukanya ibintu runaka
-- Bifasha abana kugira ubushishozi no kwitegereza
-- Bifasha abana gusobanukirwa n’ibyo batari bazi.
-- Bifasha abana kumva no kuvuga.

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7.1. Ibimenyetso by’amarangamutima.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Impapuro, amashusho agaragaza amarangamutima cyangwa amashusho yavanywe mu binyamakuru
agaragaza ibyiyumviro bitandukanye, amakaramu y’amabara atandukanye.

Uko bikorwa

–– Shushanya ibimenyetso by’amarangamutima n’ibirango ku rupapuro.

–– Bisige amabara atandukanye.

Uburyo bikoreshwa

–– Byereke abana ureke batandukanye ibishushanyo by’amarangamutima n’ibirango byayo.

–– Baza abana kugaragaza ibyiyumviro uko babona ibirango bavuge n’ibyo babonaho.
–– Reka abana baganirire hamwe kugira ngo bagaragaze amarangamutima atandukanye
bakoresha ibimenyetso byo ku mubiri cyangwa amarenga.
–– Gabanya abana mu matsinda atandukanye aho bakina bagaragaza ibyiyumviro byabo
n’amarangamutima.
–– Fasha abana gutandukanya uko abandi bameze, inshuti zabo, ababyeyi babo, umurezi
agomba kuba yishimye abigaragaza mu maso he.
–– Fasha abana kumva uburyo ubuzima babamo bwa buri munsi bugirana isano
n’amarangamutima yabo.
–– Bikoreshe ku ntangiro y’isomo kugira ngo urebe uburyo abana bameze uwo munsi cyangwa
niba hari ikintu kitagenze neza mu gihe cyo gukina n’ibindi.

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Ibimenyetso by’ amarangamutima bikoreshwa:
–– Igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy’umunsi kugira ngo asobanukirwe uko abanyeshuri bamerewe neza.
–– Igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy’umunsi kugira ngo ubaze niba abana bumva imikoro yabo.
–– Ikaze ku ruziga y’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije, mu nguni y’indimi n’inguni y’imikino yigana kugira
ngo ufashe abana batekereze banaganire ku byiyumviro byabo. Mu gusoza ku ruziga mu gihe
usuzuma uko umunsi wagenze ubihuze n’ibyiyumviro byabo.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Mu nguni y’indimi:kwiga indimi bavuga ibyiyumviro byabo
-- Kumva ko kugira amarangamutima ari ibisanzwe kandi ko ari byiza kuyagaragaza.
-- Kumvikana no gusabana n’abandi.
-- Kwitegereza amafoto atandukanye agaragaza ibikorwa biteza imbere ubuzima bwiza.

Izindi nama

–– Aho gukoresha impapuro z’amabara, ibibabi cyangwa amakoma n’ibirere bishobora

gukoreshwa.
–– Igishushanyo kiri imbere mu ishuri gishobora gukoreshwa ku bana kugira ngo bagaragaze
uburyo biyumva iyo bageze mu ishuri.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

-- Umwaka wa 2 n’ uwa 3; Umutwe wa 4: kwimenya no kwigenzura imbamutima
-- Umutwe wa 1: Ibyo dukunda n’uko tubyumva

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 8. GUTEGURA ISHURI

Uko bitegurwa:
-- Umurezi ategura zimwe mu mfashanyigisho zo kumanika mu ishuri, zigahoraho, kubera ko
ibikorwa biba bigaragaraho aribyo abana bagenderaho iminsi yose baba bari ku ishuri.
-- Umurezi azimanika ahantu haboneye kandi abana bashobora gushyikira
-- Umurezi asobanurira abana kandi akabamenyereza kujya barebaho buri munsi

Urugero:
Ingengabihe y’ ibikorwa bya buri munsi: abana bamenyera uko ibikorwa by’ umunsi bikurikirana
Inguni : Abana bamenyera aho buri nguni iherereye n’ imfashanyigisho zibonekamo ku buryo
watuma umwana igikoresho iki n’ iki akamenya aho agisanga
Abana bitabiriye ishuri rya buri munsi: Abana barabimenyera ndetse bagashobora no kumenya
umwana wasibye, abo baturanye bakaba bamenya n’ ikibazo yagize. Umurezi nawe biramworohera
mu kugenzura ishuri rye.

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8.1. Ahagaragaza abana baje n’abasibye bakoresheje uburyo bw’ umukino

Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Imifuka, imishito yo mu duti cyangwa ibikenyeri by’amasaka, urupapuro rukomeye rw’ibara, marikeri
n’amakaramu y’amabara.

Uko bikorwa

–– Kata umufuka ku ruhande rumwe ku buryo ugira igipande kimwe kinini.

–– Kata igice cy’umufuka nka cm 10 ku 10 noneho udodereho kuri wa mufuka munini.(reba
ifoto hejuru).
–– Kora amakarita ariho imibare 1-9, 0-9 ku bakobwa na 1- 9, 0-9 ku bahungu uyuzuze mu
gafuka.
–– Kata imishito uyigabanyemo kabiri ukoresheje agakero gato.
–– Siga ku mpera z’uduti ukoresheje amabara atandukanye; abahungu ibara ryabo n’abakobwa
ibara ryabo.
–– Andikaho ibirango: umubare w’abitabiriye, abahungu n’abakobwa; nk’uko bigaragara ku
gishushanyo.

Uko bikoreshwa

–– Mu cyumweru cya mbere k’itangira ry’ishuri, abana bigishwa n’umurezi uko bakoresha
ahandikwa abitabiriye,igihe abanyeshuri binjiye mu ishuri, bafata ibara ry’agati nyako
bakakajyana mu gafuka k’abakobwa n’abahungu.
–– Igihe abana bose baje, umurezi afatanyije n’abana abara uduti tw’abahungu n’uduti
tw’abakobwa, agasuzuma abanyeshuri baje.
–– Umurezi agaragaza abahungu n’abakobwa baje akanagaragaza igiteranyo cy’abahari bose
mu ishuri.
–– Umurezi ashobora kuvuga niba abakobwa aribo baje ari benshi kurusha abahungu cyangwa
se niba abahungu baruta abakobwa.

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 –– Ashobora no kugaragaza niba abanyeshuri baje uyu munsi ari bo bake kuruta abaje ejo
hashize.
–– Uko abanyeshuri bagenda bamenya imibare neza mu mwaka wa 3, abana bashobora
gukomeza kubara uduti ubwabo, bakareba umubare bijyanye.

Igihe bikoreshwa.
–– Ibi bimanikwa iruhande rw’urugi rw’ishuri kugira ngo abana babashe kubikoresha igihe binjiye
mu ishuri bwa mbere.
–– Umurezi abyifashisha kugira ngo yuzuze ibidanago by’abitabiriye ishuri. Igihe wamanitse ibi nta
bwo ari ngombwa kongera kwandika umubare w’abaje n’abasibye ku kibaho.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Ibi bizafasha mu kuzuza neza ikidanago kigaragaza abitabiriye ishuri n’abasibye.
-- Abana baziga kubara imibare bava ku mito bajya ku minini banige kuyibara bava ku minini
bajya ku mito.
-- Iterambere mu miyego: mu gufata uduti badushyira mu mwanya watwo wabugenewe
bakanavangura imibare yanditse ku makarita.
-- Abana bigiramo uburinganire bw’ibitsina byombi bagatangira gukoresha imvugo nyayo.

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa1, uwa 2 n’uwa 3; Umutwe wa 1: Imibare

8.2. Gahunda y’ibikorwa by’umunsi

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe:

Umufuka, urupapuro rukomeye rw’ibara.

Uko bikorwa (Reba mu ishami ry’imibare.)

–– Kata umufuka uwutunganye neza ku mpera zawo.

–– Rambura umufuka hasi cyangwa ku meza noneho ushyireho ibishushanyo by’ibikorwa
by’abana. Gabanyamo umwanya ungana kuri buri gikorwa.
–– Shushanya ibishushanyo bya buri gikorwa. Ugenzure niba ishusho y’igikorwa ari ndende
bihagije ku buryo abana bayibona neza. Shyiraho igihe n’izina rya buri gikorwa.

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Igihe bikoreshwa:
–– Bishobora gukoreshwa mu ntangiriro y’umunsi bigafasha abana kumenya ibikorwa by’umunsi,
n’ibiri bukurikireho.
–– Ku ntangiro ya buri gikorwa cyanecyane mu ntangiriro z’umwaka, umurezi agomba kwereka
abana gahunda y’umunsi akerekana igikorwa kiba kigiye gukurikiraho.
–– Gahunda y’umunsi ishobora nanone gukoreshwa nk’ishakiro ry’umurezi, bifasha kandi abana
n’abashyitsi kumenya ibijyanye n’igikorwa kiri gukorwa mu ishuri ndetse n’igikurikiraho.

Uko bifasha mu myigire, mu byigwa, mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo n’ubushobozi

bw’ibanze.
-- Ibi bizafasha umurezi n’abana gukurikiza igihe banumva neza ko ibikorwa biba bitandukanye
muri gahunda y’umunsi.
-- Abana batera imbere mu kumenya igihe no gukurikiza ibikorwa by’umunsi.

Izindi nama

–– Imibare yo ku makarita ikoreshwa mu kugaragaza abitabiriye n’abasibye, ikoreshwa kandi mu

bindi bikorwa no ku ruziga mu guteza imbere imibare.
–– Amakarita agaragaza inguni agomba kugaragara amanitse mu ishuri ku nkuta.
–– Imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba ziteguye muri izo nguni. (Urugero: mu nguni y’imibare
hategurwa imfashanyigisho z’imibare, mu nguni y’indimi hategurwa imfashanyigisho z’indimi,
n’izindi).

Aho biboneka mu nteganyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke:

Umwaka wa 3; umutwe wa 5: Ibikorwa by’umunsi n’iby’icyumeru.
Umwaka wa1n’uwa 2; umutwe wa 4: Gahunda y’umunsi

9. Kubika neza imfashanyigisho.

9.1. Kuki ari ngombwa kubika neza imfashanyigisho?

Kubika neza imfashanyigisho ni ngombwa cyane kubera ko bifasha umurezi kuzigeraho ku buryo
bworoshye igihe azikeneye mu kwigisha ikigwa runaka. Imfashanyigisho zishobora kubikwa hamwe
mu kintu kimwe ugendeye ku byigwa cyangwa ku bwoko bwazo. Imfashanyigisho zibitse neza
bifasha umurezi kuzibungabunga bityo akaba yamenya izangiritse akazisana cyangwa izabuze
akazisimbuza izindi.

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Kubika neza imfashanyigisho kandi byongera bikanakuza ubumenyi bwo gufata neza ibintu haba
ku murezi ndetse no ku bana muri rusange.

8.2 Imfashanyigisho zabikwa hehe?

Imfashanyigisho zibikwa ahantu humutse kandi hatekanye kugira ngo zitangirika. Zigomba kubikwa
aho abana bagera. Imfashanyigisho zabikwa nko mu isanduka, mu tubati, mu mifuka idoze neza
yabugenewe, mu macupa mu tujerekani dukase, mu bikarito cyangwa mu ibahasha n’ahandi
hatekanye.

8.2.1. Ububiko bw’ imfashanyigisho

Ububiko bw’ ibitabo bukoze mu gitambaro n’ ubundi bukoze mu ibahasha

Ububiko bw’ amakarita y’ inyuguti, ay’ imibare n’ ay’amashusho mu tujerekani dukase

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Ububiko bw’imfashanyigisho zinyuranye bukoze mu bikarito, buri bwoko mu kazu
kayo.

Ububiko bw’ inyuguti bukozwe mu mu gafuka

Ububiko bukozwe mu bikombe

Ububiko bukozwe mu bikombe: kubika imfashanyigisho mubikombe bikorwa hirindwako nyuma

yokuzikoresha zazasandagurika. Umurezi asabwa gutoranya igikombe cyaba icya parasitiki
cyangwa icy’icyuma ikindi kitabwaho nuko umurezi areba igikombe cyashizemo ibyo cyari gifunitse.
Urugero rw’ imfashanyigisho zabikwamo : Amasaro, Udufukino twamanug.inyuguti n’imibare
bikase nibindi.
Ikitonderwa : Ububiko bw’ ibumba bugomba kuba bwihariye. Ibumba ribikwa mu ishashi cyangwa
mu gikombe gikonje kandi gifunze neza kugirango rituma.

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10. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:

-- Integanyanyigisho y’ uburezi bw’ inshuke kuva ku myaka 3 kugeza ku myaka 6

-- Igitabo k’ikinyarwanda ( amashuri y’ inshuke mu Rwanda)
-- Early childhood Development Kit ( a treasure box of activities)
-- Igipimo ngenderwaho mu mashuri y’ inshuke

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