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My Notes for USMLE

Hi there! My name is Renata. I'm an IMG (International Medical Graduate) from Peru. These are
my notes on Step 1, Step 2CK & Step 2CS. Feel free to reblog them, correct me and share your
personal notes.
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your health issues. Please do not use the info found here as a substitute for your physician's
advice.
Thanks! Have fun studying!

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CHEMO MAN 2.0

#oncology #step 1 #step 2ck #step 3 #pharmacology #side effects #handwritten

#hematology

231 notes 

CLOTTING CASCADE

I’ve seen this visual aid going around Tumblr and I remembered that I learned it a couple of
years ago from Dr. Barone’s Youtube channel. Sadly that video was taken down, so I made
one with my phone. Hope it helps!!!

A couple of clarifications/corrections:

I meant so say that factors 3, 4 are not in this mnemonic & 6 doesn’t exist, instead I
said “they are not in this mnemonic”
I forgot to mention the common pathway: factors 1, 2, 5 & 10 (they have a gray dot
next to them)
I meant to say “clinical scenario” not “clinic scenario”
All PTT &/or PT prolongation lead to bleeding problems, except AntiPhosphoLipid
(APL) antibodies which causes thrombophilia.

#hematology #handwritten #USMLE #step 2ck #IM #video

162 notes 

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

MNEMONICS

AIHA
Caused by autoantibodies that react with RBCs at temperatures ≥ 37° C (warm
agglutinin disease) or < 37° C  (cold agglutinin disease)
Extravascular hemolysis: occurs in the spleen (this is why you don’t see fragmented
RBC in the smear)
Coombs (+)

Warm Agglutinin Disease:

Causes Mnemonic

L ymphoma
S ystemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE)
C LL
D rugs: penicillin, phenytoin, rifampin, alpha-methyldopa.

Tx

1. Best initial tx: Prednisone

2. Severe, Acute hemolysis & no response to Prednisone: IVIG
3. Recurrent episodes: splenectomy
4. No control of hemolysis after splenectomy: Rituximab, Azathioprine,
Cyclophosphamide or Cyclosporine.

Cold Agglutinin Disease:

Causes Mnemonic: MEW

Numbness or mottling of colder parts of the body: nose, ears, toes, fingers

Tx

1. Warm up
2. Rituximab
3. Sometimes plasmapheresis
4. Stop Ab production: Cyclophosphamide, Cyclosporine
5. Steroids, splenectomy DO NOT WORK here

#hematology #handwritten #USMLE #step 2ck #IM #mnemonic #mnemonics

170 notes 

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia:
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
mynotes4usmle:

Is like a NHL + MM = SLL (Small Lymohocytic Lymphoma) with plasmacytic

differentiation
B cell proliferation & plasma cells

The bone marrow aspirate shows increased lymphoplasmacytoid lymphocytes with

scattered plasma cells.

Monoclonal Spike: IgM (BIG PENTAMER = MACROGLOBULINEMIA)

Like SLL: neoplastic cells infiltrate many organs
Unlike MM: no lytic bone lesions, no hyperCa++
Hiperviscosity Sd: visual abnormalities (vascular dilations, hemorrages), neuro sp
(headaches, confusion), Raynaud Sd, Bleeding, cold agglutinin disease (IgM “cold”
ab)

Symptoms: weakness, lymphadenopathy, severe fatigue, nose bleeds, weight loss,

and visual and neurological problems; some patients do not have symptoms.
Russel bodies: intracytoplasmatic collection of Ig in plasma cells

Dutcher bodies: intranuclear collection of Ig in plasma cells (yellow arrow)

 mynotes4usmle Source: imagebank.hematology.org #hematology #IM #step 2ck #USMLE

50 notes 

EBV: oncogenic virus

mynotes4usmle:

Burkitt lymphoma => c-myc (oncogene), in Africa involves the jaw; in USA, AIDS
pts.

GENIOUS MNEMONIC:

“How come Mick ate one for? To get heavy!”

c-myc =>t( 8:14)

Source: [X]

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma => more common in China

B-Cell Lymphoma => immunosuppressed pts.

 mynotes4usmle #hematology #oncology #USMLE #step 2ck #IM

34 notes 

Pelger-Huet cell

Seen in Myelodysplastic syndrome

Bilobed neutriphil (hyposegmented)

Source: commons.wikimedia.org #hematology #IM #USMLE #step 2ck

177 notes 

Myeloma = Crab Plaits

purplequeens:

C - calcium is high
R - renal failure
A - anaemia
B - bone disease, bone pain, Bence-Jones protein (a paraprotein)

P - paraproteins (useful for monitoring patient)

L - LDH (again for monitoring)
A - amyloidosis (a complication) 
I - immune paresis (suppression of Ig, a complication)
T - thalidomide (treatment)
S - stem cell transplant (treatment)

Originally posted by whatareyourbiggestfears

 purplequeens-blog #hematology #IM #step 2ck #USMLE #mnemonic #mnemonics

137 notes 

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS): clinical

TRIAD (in green)
Associated with E. coli O157:H7 toxin (food poisoning), 
MC in children. 
Don’t give AB, it releases more toxins!!!!!!

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP):

clinical PENTAD (in purple)
Associated with: HIV, cancer
Associated with drugs: Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, Cyclosporine, 

HUS & TTP

Findings won’t show at the same time
Hemolytic anemia: microangiopathic anemia (intravascular), fragmented RBC,
schistocytes, helmet cells, increased LDH and reticulocytes, decreased haptoglobin.
Uremia: increased Creatinine
Thrombocytopenia: do not give platelets, it worsens neuro and renal problems, bc
platelets precipitate and plug.

Tx:

Mild disease: self-limited

Severe: plasmapheresis
TTP: Dipyridamole may help prevent platelet aggregation

#renal #IM #step 2ck #usmle #TTP #HUS #hematology

194 notes 