Name ____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ___________________

7
Ionic Compounds and Metals
Section 7.1 Ion Formation
In your textbook, read about chemical bonds and formation of ions.
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.

chemical bond electrons energy level ions noble gases

nucleus octet pseudo-noble gas formations valence

The force that holds two atoms together is called a(n) (1) __________________.
Such an attachment may form by the attraction of the positively charged
(2) _______________________ of one atom for the negatively charged
(3) _______________________ of another atom, or by the attraction of charged atoms, which are called
(4) _______________________. The attractions may also involve
(5) ____________________ electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost
(6) ___________________. The (7) ____________________ are a family of elements that have very
little tendency to react. Most of these elements have a set of eight outermost electrons, which is called a
stable (8) _____________________. The relatively stable electron structures developed by loss of
electrons in certain elements of groups 3, 4, 13, and 14 are called (9) ____________________.

For each statement below, write true or false.

____________ 10. A positively charged ion is called an anion.
____________ 11. Elements in group 1 lose their one valence electron, forming an ion with a 1
charge.
____________ 12. Elements tend to react so that they acquire the electron structure of a halogen.
____________ 13. A sodium atom tends to lose one electron when it reacts.
____________ 14. The electron structure of a zinc ion (Zn2) is an example of a pseudo- noble gas
formation.
____________ 15. A Clion is an example of a cation.
____________ 16. The ending -ide is used to designate an anion.
____________ 17. Nonmetals form a stable outer electron configuration by losing electrons and
becoming anions.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 1 Study Guide

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137

Section 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

In your textbook, read about forming ionic bonds and the characteristics of ionic compounds.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. An ionic bond is
a. attraction of an atom for its electrons.
b. attraction of atoms for electrons they share.
c. a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged.
d. the movement of electrons from one atom to another.
2. The formula unit of an ionic compound shows the
a. total number of each kind of ion in a sample.
b. simplest ratio of the ions.
c. numbers of atoms within each molecule.
d. number of nearest neighboring ions surrounding each kind of ion.
3. The overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound
a. is always zero. c. is always positive.
b. is always negative. d. may have any value.
4. How many chloride (Cl) ions are present in a formula unit of magnesium chloride, given that the
charge on a Mg ion is 2?
a. one-half b. one c. two d. four
5. Ionic bonds generally occur between
a. metals. c. a metal and a nonmetal.
b. nonmetals. d. noble gases.
6. Salts are examples of
a. nonionic compounds. c. nonmetals.
b. metals. d. ionic compounds.
7. A three-dimensional arrangement of particles in an ionic solid is called a(n)
a. crystal lattice. c. formula unit.
b. sea of electrons. d. electrolyte.
8. In a crystal lattice of an ionic compound,
a. ions of a given charge are clustered together, far from ions of the opposite charge.
b. ions are surrounded by ions of the opposite charge.
c. a sea of electrons surrounds the ions.
d. neutral molecules are present.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 2 Study Guide

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137

Section 7.2 continued

9. What is the relationship between lattice energy and the strength of the attractive force holding ions
in place?
a. The more positive the lattice energy is, the greater the force.
b. The more negative the lattice energy is, the greater the force.
c. The closer the lattice energy is to zero, the greater the force.
d. There is no relationship between the two quantities.
10. The formation of a stable ionic compound from ions
a. is always exothermic. c. is always endothermic.
b. may be either exothermic or endothermic. d. neither absorbs nor releases energy.
11. In electron transfer involving a metallic atom and a nonmetallic atom during ion formation, which of the
following is correct?
a. The metallic atom gains electrons from the nonmetallic atom.
b. The nonmetallic atom gains electrons from the metallic atom.
c. Both atoms gain electrons.
d. Neither atom gains electrons.

Underline the word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds.
12. Melting point Low High
13. Boiling point Low High
14. Hardness Hard Soft
15. Brittleness Flexible Brittle
16. Electrical conductivity in the solid state Good Poor
17. Electrical conductivity in the liquid state Good Poor
18. Electrical conductivity when dissolved in water Good Poor

For each statement below, write true or false.

____________ 19. The crystal lattice of ionic compounds affects their melting and boiling points.
____________ 20. The lattice energy is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound.
____________ 21. The energy of an ionic compound is higher than that of the separate elements that
formed it.
____________ 22. Large ions tend to produce a more negative value for lattice energy than smaller
ions do.
____________ 23. Ions that have larger charges tend to produce a more negative lattice energy than
ions with smaller charges do.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 3 Study Guide

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137

Section 7.3 Names and Formulas for Ionic Compounds

In your textbook, read about communicating what is in a compound and naming ions and ionic
compounds.
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.

anion -ate cation electrons zero

lower right monatomic one oxidation number -ite
oxyanion polyatomic subscript

A one-atom ion is called a(n) (1) ___________________ ion. The charge of such an ion is
equal to the atom’s (2) _________________, which is the number of (3) ________________
transferred to or from the atom to form the ion. In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges
of all the ions equals (4) ________________. Ions made up of more than one atom are called
(5) ___________________ ions. If such an ion is negatively charged and includes one or
more oxygen atoms, it is called a(n) (6) _____________________. If two such ions can be
formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more
oxygen atoms ends with the suffix (7) __________________. The name for the ion with
fewer oxygen atoms ends with (8) ____________________.

In the chemical formula for any ionic compound, the chemical symbol for the
(9) _________________________ is written first, followed by the chemical symbol for the
(10) ____________________. A(n) (11) ______________________ is a small number used
to represent the number of ions of a given element in a chemical formula. Such numbers are
written to the (12) ________________________ of the symbol for the element. If no number
appears, the assumption is that the number equals (13) _______________________.

For each formula in Column A, write the letter of the matching name in Column B.
Column A Column B
_________ 14. ClO2 a. chlorate
_________ 15. ClO4 b. hypochlorite
_________ 16. ClO c. chloride
_________ 17. Cl d. perchlorate
_________ 18. ClO3 e. chlorite

Chemistry: Matter and Change 4 Study Guide

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137

Section 7.3 continued

For each of the following chemical formulas, write the correct name of the ionic compound
represented. You may refer to the periodic table on pages 178–179 for help.
19. NaI ___________________________________________________________________________________________
20. CaCl2 _________________________________________________________________________________________
21. K2S __________________________________________________________________________________________
22. MgO _________________________________________________________________________________________
23. LiHSO4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
24. NH4Br ________________________________________________________________________________________
25. Ca3N2 ________________________________________________________________________________________
26. Cs3P _________________________________________________________________________________________
27. KBrO ________________________________________________________________________________________
28. Mg(ClO)2 _____________________________________________________________________________________
29. Li2O2 _________________________________________________________________________________________
30. Be3(PO4)2 _____________________________________________________________________________________
31. (NH4)2CO3 ____________________________________________________________________________________
32. NaBrO3 _______________________________________________________________________________________
33. Fe2O3 _________________________________________________________________________________________
34. Fe(IO3)2 _______________________________________________________________________________________

For each of the following ionic compounds, write the correct formula for the compound. You may
refer to the periodic table on pages 178–179 for help.
35. beryllium nitride _______________________________________________________________________________
36. nickel(II) chloride ______________________________________________________________________________
37. potassium chlorite ______________________________________________________________________________
38. copper(I) oxide ________________________________________________________________________________
39. magnesium sulfite ______________________________________________________________________________
40. ammonium sulfide ______________________________________________________________________________
41. calcium iodate _________________________________________________________________________________
42. iron(III) perchlorate _____________________________________________________________________________
43. sodium nitride _________________________________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 5 Study Guide

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137

Section 7.4 Metallic Bonds and the Properties of Metals

In your textbook, read about metallic bonds.
Use the diagram of metallic bonding to answer the following questions.
1. What is the name of the model of metallic bonding that is illustrated?
_________________________________________________________

2. Why are the electrons in a metallic solid described as delocalized?

_________________________________________________________

3. Which electrons from the metal make up the delocalized electrons?

_________________________________________________________

4. Are the metal atoms that are shown cations or anions? How can you
tell?
______________________________________________________________________________________

5. How do the metallic ions differ from the ions that exist in ionic solids?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Explain what holds the metal atoms together in the solid.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

In your textbook, read about the properties of metals.

For each property, write yes if the property is characteristic of most metals, or no if it is not. If the
property is a characteristic of metals, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.
7. Malleable _____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Brittle ________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Lustrous ______________________________________________________________________________________
10. High melting point ______________________________________________________________________________
11. Low boiling point _______________________________________________________________________________
12. Ductile _______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Poor conduction of heat __________________________________________________________________________
14. Good conduction of electricity ____________________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 6 Study Guide

 TEACHER GUIDE AND ANSWERS

Study Guide - Chapter 7 – 20. true

Ionic Compounds and Metals 21. false
22. false
Section 7.1 Ion Formation
23. true
1. chemical bond
2. nucleus Section 7.3 Names and Formulas for Ionic
Compounds
3. electrons
4. ions 1. monatomic
5. valence 2. oxidation number
6. energy level 3. electrons
7. noble gases 4. zero
8. octet 5. polyatomic
9. pseudo-noble gas formations 6. oxyanion
10. false 7. –ate
11. true 8. –ite
12. false 9. cation
13. true 10. anion
14. true 11. subscript
15. false 12. lower right
16. true 13. one
17. false 14. e
15. d
Section 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds 16. b
1. c 17. c
2. b 18. a
3. a 19. sodium iodide
4. c 20. calcium chloride
5. c 21. potassium sulfide
6. d 22. magnesium oxide
7. a 23. lithium hydrogen sulfate
8. b 24. ammonium bromide
9. b 25. calcium nitride
10. b 26. cesium phosphide
11. b 27. potassium bromate
12. high 28. magnesium hypochlorite
13. high 29. lithium peroxide
14. hard 30. beryllium phosphate
15. brittle 31. ammonium carbonate
16. poor 32. sodium bromate
17. good 33. iron(III) oxide
18. good 34. iron(II) iodate
19. true 35. Be3N2

Chemistry: Matter and Change 7 Teacher Guide and Answers

 TEACHER GUIDE AND ANSWERS

36. NiCl2
37. KClO2
38. Cu2O
39. MgSO3
40. (NH4)2S
41. Ca(IO3)2
42. Fe(ClO4)3
43. Na3N

Section 7.4 Metallic Bonds and the Properties

of Metals
1. electron sea model
2. They are free to move from one atom to another.
3. the valence electrons
4. Cations; they are positively charged.
5. The electrons are not completely lost by the metal
atoms, as they are in an ionic solid.
6. They are bonded by the oppositely charged electron
sea that surrounds them.
7. Yes; when the metal is hammered, the delocalized
electrons move, keeping the metallic bonds intact.
8. no
9. Yes; the delocalized electrons move, absorb and
release protons.
10. Yes; the metallic bonds are strong.
11. no
12. Yes; when the metal is pulled, the delocalized
electrons move, keeping the metallic bonds intact.
13. no
14. Yes; the delocalized electrons are mobile.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 8 Teacher Guide and Answers