Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
https://batstate-u.edu.ph/, Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118/2121

Department of Civil Engineering

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Aggregates

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
Construction Materials and Testing

Submitted By:

Balbago, Adrian Cole P.

Castillo, John Keizzer M.
Javier, Diana Mae U.
Rueca, Vince Ivan L.
Sapico, Jay- Ann A.

Group 7

CE-2205

Submitted To:
Engr. Emmanuell P. Maala

March 6, 2023
 Laboratory Exercise No. 1.A.

Reducing Field Samples of Aggregates to Testing Size

Objectives: The correct method of obtaining a sample of aggregates for mechanical

analysis is an important aspect of Materials Testing. The purpose of this exercise is to
obtain a representative sample for testing.
Standard No. ASTM Designation C702, AASHTO Designation T 2-74

Theory: The need for selecting representative tests and reducing them to test example
estimates is emphasized in numerous test procedures. Utilizing the right equipment for
the type of material to be decreased in the estimate is important. However, unless utilized
accurately, the final test example will not primarily be representative of the whole test.

Materials and Setup:

1. Representative Sample of Aggregates
2. Spade
3. Container
4. Standard Sieve, 1”
5. Sample Splitter (optional)

Methodology:
1. In case a sample splitter is available, pour the sample combined coarse and fine
aggregates.
2. Take representative sand and gravel. Place it in a container and weigh at least three
kilograms of sample aggregates.
3. Wash it thoroughly with water so that it will be free from silt and clay.
4. Dry the sample.
5. Pass it to 1” and disregard the sample which is more than 1” in diameter.
6. Make a mound, flatten it and divide it into four parts. Take the opposite division
for mechanical analysis of aggregates.

The sample will be used for the sieve analysis of combined coarse and fine aggregates.

SIZE OF SAMPLES

Size in mm Size in inches Min. Weight of Min. Weight of

Field Samples (lb) Field Samples (kg)
9.5 3/8 10 5
12.5 ½ 20 10
19 ¾ 30 15
25 1 50 25
 37.5 1½ 70 30
50 2 90 40
63 2½ 100 45
75 3 125 60
90 3 1/2 150 65

Discussion:

Recorded Weight (grams)

Coarse Aggregates 1957

Coarse Aggregates in Pan 2315

Pan 358
Table 1.A. Recorded Weight

The most crucial stage in ensuring the high quality of the aggregates is sampling.
It is also the first thing that must be learned in studying construction materials and
testing. The group performed this experiment to obtain a reduced amount of field samples
as testing size. The table above shows the recorded weight of coarse aggregates, coarse
aggregates in the pan, and the weight of the pan. The group was assigned to bring 4
kilograms of sample aggregates for this laboratory.

First, the sample aggregates were put in a container and washed until other
necessary particles were removed. After that, the aggregates went through the sample
splitter to separate aggregates from a bulk quantity without changing their properties.
Using a sample splitter helps us to reduce variability in the lab significantly. Coarse
aggregates were put in the oven and dried.

To separate all those aggregates with more than the 1-inch diameter, the group put
the dried aggregates in the 1-inch size of the sieve. After being separated, the members of
the group flattened the aggregates and were divided into four parts. The group eliminated
half of the mound but these two quarters were not adjacent but opposites, ensuring that no
two quarters that either remained or were eliminated had the most similar composition.
The remaining aggregates were weighed together with the pan and had a total recorded
weight of 2315 grams.

Conclusion:

Reducing field samples of aggregates of testing size based on our observations is

not that hard to perform because the group only needs a small number of samples that are
going to test and the steps or the procedure is easy to follow. Aggregates need to be
reduced to appropriate sizes for testing. So, it is vital to dramatically cut on field samples
while lowering the possibility of handling variability. In some instances, a few particles
on a given sieve might affect a gradation significantly enough to alter an interpretation of
the field sample and subsequently the entire material's compliance with specifications.
The appropriate field sample reduction method is dependent chiefly on the nominal
maximum size of the aggregate, the amount of free moisture in the sample, and the
equipment available.

When other techniques are not available, the quartering method for reducing big
samples of aggregate is typically utilized since it is required to reduce field samples while
reducing the possibility of variability during handling (AASHTO, 2014). To guarantee
that the samples collected by quartering will stay representative of the complete field
sample, care and diligence are needed. To avoid producing a non-representative sample
for subsequent testing, inaccurate test findings, and eventually failure of the aggregate to
function as intended, it is crucial to carefully follow the protocols in these sample
reduction approaches.

Appendices:

Lab Data

Photo Documentation
Photo Documentation 1.A. Placing in Container

Photo Documentation 2.A. Drying the Sample Aggregates

Photo Documentation 3.A. Passing through 1 inch sieve

Photo Documentation 4.A. Dividing into four parts

References:

FOP AASHTO T 248 - WAQTC. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2023, from

http://waqtc.org/library/documents/aggregate/aashto_T248_14.pdf

Aggregate Sample Reduction for Laboratory Testing - NRMCA. (n.d.). Retrieved March
3, 2023, from https://www.nrmca.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Tip4w.pdf
 Laboratory Exercise No. 1.B.

Sieve Analysis of Coarse Aggregates

Objectives: Sieve analysis is used to determine the particle size distribution or gradation
of an aggregate. A suitable gradation of an aggregate in a concrete mix is desirable in
order to secure workability of the mixture and economy in the use of cement. For asphalt
concrete, suitable gradation only affects the workability of the mixture and economy in
the use of the other important properties.
Standard No. ASTM C 136-76, AASHTO T 27-74

Theory: As the gradation of the aggregates directly affects the workability of the
mixture, the test primarily enables the students to determine the size distribution of the
aggregate sample to identify the number of related materials and measure its utilization
rate towards the industry.

Equipment and Materials:

1. Set of Sieves
2. Containers

Methodology:
1. Find the proper weight of dry aggregates.
a. Coarse Aggregate: Use the sample taken from the quartering method.
2. Assemble sieves in the following order:
a. 1”, ¾”, ½”, 3/8”, #4, #8, pan
3. Place the weighted aggregates in the top of the sieve stack and cover with the lid.
Properly secure the sieves in the mechanical shaker and turn on the shaker for five
minutes. In case of the absence of a mechanical shaker, shake the stack of sieves
with your hand continuously for the same time.
4. Weigh the materials that are retained on each of the sieves, including the weight
retained on the pan, and record in the data sheet. If the sums of these weights are
not within 1% of the original sample weight, the procedure should be repeated.
Otherwise, use the sum of the weight retained to calculate the percentage on each
sieve.
5. Compute the cumulative percent retained and the percent passing of each sieve.
6. Plot the gradation curve for the coarse and fine aggregates from the experiment on
the graph provided.
Discussion:

Retained
Size of Sieve Weight Aggregates Percentage Passing
(Grams)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠−𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠

% 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
) ×100
1 in 0 1390 − 0
=( 1390
) ×100
=100%

1390 − 0−146
¾ in 146 %𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( 1390
) ×100
=89.36%

1390 − 0−146−786
½ in 786 %𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( 1390
) ×100
=33.38%

1390 − 0−146−786−224
⅜ in 224 %𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( 1390
) ×100
=17.06%

1390 − 0−146−786−224−218
#4 218 %𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( 1390
) ×100
=1.17%

1390 − 0−146−786−224−218−6
#8 6 %𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( 1390
) ×100
=0.73%

1390 −146−786−224−218−6−10
Pan 10 %𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( 1390
) ×100
=0%
 Total Weight 1390
Table 1.B: Percentage Passing

On the provided graph, the data obtained from the sieving procedure are inputted.

Figure 1.B: Gradation Curve for the Coarse and Fine Aggregates

Seven sizes of sieve and a pan were utilized in executing the sieving procedure.
The sizes that were used are 1 inch, ¾ inch, ½ inch, 3/8 inch, #4, and #8 whereas the
retained weight in grams in each sieve and pan are 0, 146, 786, 224, 218, 6, and 10,
respectively. As the aggregates pass through the set, the size distribution of the sample
along the sieves was determined and characterized as an uneven and random set of
values. The randomness of the identified values was caused by the sampling procedure
called the quartering method that was conducted in the preparation.

The retained weight in each size directly affects the deviation of its percentage
passing. The ½-inch sieve is identified with the highest weight of aggregates sieved due
to the 55.98% sieve rate that was computed from the difference between the percent
passing in ¾ and ½ inch. On the other hand, the #8-sieve showed the least weight of
aggregates sieved due to the difference of 0.44% between the percent passing in #4 and
#8.
The arrangement of the sizes of the sieve to pan inversely affects the value of
percentage passing. Starting from 1 inch-sieve which was valued at 100% to the value of
percent passing in the pan, 0%, justifies the relation. The total retained weight is 1390
grams and is relevant to the final percent passing, which is 0%, in terms of its
consistency. A non-zero final value in percent passing indicates that a portion of the mass
is lost in the procedure which will make the test results invalid.

Conclusion:

Gradation refers to the distribution of particle sizes within the material. The size
distribution of aggregates can affect the workability of the mixtures. The gradation of the
aggregate sample is specified using a gradation curve, which plots the percentage passing
of material through each sieve size against the sieve size itself. The test indicates that the
sample used is a uniform-graded aggregate. It specifies a gradation where most of the
particles are within a very small size range. In essence, the sizes of all the particles are
almost the same. The curve is sharp and only encompasses the constrained size range.
(Haseeb, 2019).

As the retained weight increases, the difference between the current and following
percentage passing also increases. Therefore, the retained weight in each size of the sieve
is directly proportional to the value of the deviation of its percentage passing. As the
sieve narrows its size, from 1 inch to #8, to pan, the value of percentage passing also
decreases. Therefore, the size of the sieve is directly proportional to its percentage
passing. The determined relationship between the variables affecting the data provides
the justification for the obtained results.

With the gradation of the sample defined, it enables the industry to proceed to the
next step which determines the properties of the related materials and final product. In the
construction industry, figuring out the gradation of the aggregates is a crucial step that
can help guarantee the quality and performance of the finished product while lowering
costs and avoiding legal problems, (Mehta and Monteiro, 1993).

Appendices:

Lab Data
Photo Documentation

Photo Documentation 1.B. Quartering of the Dry Aggregates

Photo Documentation 2.B. Assembling of Sieves in Proper Order

 Photo Documentation 3.B. 5-Minute Shake of Aggregate in Sieves

Photo Documentation 4.B. Weighing the Remained Aggregates in each Sieve

References:
Haseeb, J. (2019). Retrieved on March 3, 2023, from
https://www.aboutcivil.org/gradation-of-aggregates#:~:text=UNIFORM%20GRADED%
20AGGREGATE,the%20narrow%20size%20range%20specified.

Mehta and Monteiro. (1993). The Effect of Aggregate Properties on Concrete. Retrieved
on March 3, 2023, from
https://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/courses/ce584/concrete/library/materials/aggregate/aggregat
esmain.htm#:~:text=The%20grading%20or%20size%20distribution,is%20the%20most%
20expensive%20component.
 Laboratory Exercise No. 1.C.

Determination of Surface Moisture of Coarse Aggregate

Objectives: This method of test covers a procedure for determining, in the field, the
amount of surface moisture in fine aggregate by displacement in water. The accuracy of
the method depends upon accurate information on the bulk specific gravity of material in
a saturated surface-dry condition. The same procedure, with containers, may be applied
to coarse aggregate.
Standard No. ASTM C 70-73

Theory: In this experiment, the surface moisture of the coarse aggregates is determined.
An assumption will be made such that the surface moisture content of a coarse aggregate
will depend on the weight that the students will gather. This will result in a relationship
between the coarse aggregates’ weight and the determination of their surface moisture.

Materials and Setup:

1. Sample of Aggregates
2. Balance
3. Pail or flask

Methodology:
1. The surface water content may be determined either by weight or volume. In each
case, the test shall be made at a temperature range of 18 to 29 degrees Celsius (65
to 85 F).
2. Determination by Weight—Weigh the empty container in grams. Fill the container
to the mark with water and determine its weight in grams. Empty the container, fill
it with sample aggregates and weigh again. After that, pour just enough water to
cover the sample aggregates. Remove the air entrained by mixing. When no more
bubbles rise to the surface, you are good to go. Fill the container with water until it
reaches to the original mark, and determine the weight in grams. Calculate the
amount of water displaced by the sample, as follows:
WD = WC + WS – W
Where:
WD = weight displaced by the sample, g
WC = weight of container filled to the mark with water, g
WS = weight of sample, g
W = weight of container and sample, filled to mark with water, g
3. Determination by Volume—Measure a volume of water, millimeters, sufficient to
cover the sample and place in the container. Introduce the weighted sample of
coarse aggregate into the container and remove the air entrained. Determine the
combined volume of the sample and the water by direct reading when a graduated
flask is used. When a pycnometer or volumetric flask of known volume is used,
 determine the combined volume of the sample and the water by filling to the mark
with a measured volume of water. Calculate the amount of water displaced by the
sample as follows:
VS = V2 – V1
Where:
VS = volume of water displaced by the sample, mL
V2 = combined volume of sample and water, mL
V1 = volume of water required to cover the sample, mL

Calculation:
1. Calculate the percentage of surface moisture in terms of the saturated surface-dry
aggregate as follows:
P = [(V S – VD)] / [(WS – VS)] x 100
Where:
P = surface moisture in terms of saturated surface dry coarse aggregate
percent
VD = mass of sample (WS) divided by the bulk specific gravity of the fine
aggregate in a saturated surface dry condition.
VS = mass of water displaced, g
WS = mass of sample, g
2. Calculate the percentage of surface moisture in terms of dry aggregate if the
absorption of the aggregate is known as follow:
PD = P{1 + (PA/100)}
Where:
PD = surface moisture in terms of dry coarse aggregate, in percent
PA = absorption of coarse aggregate, in percent
The total moisture content, on a dry aggregate basis, is the sum of the surface, PD and the
absorption, PA.

Discussion:

TRIALS WC WS W WD

1 6575g 6750g 10240g 3085g

2 6250g 7310g 10545g 3015g

3 6085g 7195g 10905g 2375g

Table 1.C. Determination by Weight

Table 1. C shows the calculated value of WD or the weight displaced by the

sample in grams using the formula stated in the methodology which is WD = WC + WS –
W wherein WC is the weight of the container filled to the mark with water in grams, WS
is the weight of sample in grams, and W is the weight of container and sample, filled to
mark with water in grams. Upon calculation, the data gathered from trial 1, trial 2, and
trial 3 are 3085g, 3015g, and 2375g respectively.

TRIALS V2 V1 VS

1 13000mL 9915mL 3085mL

2 13235mL 10220mL 3015mL

3 12955mL 10580mL 2375mL

Table 2.C. Determination by Volume

Table 2. C shows the calculated value of VS or the volume of water displaced by

the sample in milliliters using the formula stated in the methodology which is VS = V2 –
V1 whereinV2 is the combined volume of sample and water in milliliters, and V1 is the
volume of water required to cover the sample in milliliters. Upon calculation, the data
gathered from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 are 3085g, 3015g, and 2375g respectively.

TRIALS Vs VD Ws P

1 3085mL 6750 𝑔 6750g 3085 𝑚𝐿 – (

6750 𝑔
)
2.68 P= 2.68
6750 𝑔 – 3085 𝑚𝐿
x 100

= 15.45%

2 3015mL 7310 𝑔 7310g 3015 𝑚𝐿 – (

7310 𝑔
)
2.68 P= 2.68
7310 𝑔 – 3015 𝑚𝐿
x 100

= 6.69%

3 2375mL 7195 𝑔 7195g 2375 𝑚𝐿 – (

7195 𝑔
)
2.68 P= 2.68
7195 𝑔 – 2375 𝑚𝐿
x 100

= -6.42%
Table 3.C. Calculation of percentage of surface moisture

Table 3. C shows the calculated value of P or surface moisture in terms of

saturated surface dry coarse aggregate in percentage using the formula stated in the
methodology which is P = [(VS – VD)] / [(WS – VS)] x 100 wherein Vs is the volume of
water displaced by the sample in milliliters, VD mass of sample (WS) divided by the bulk
specific gravity of the fine aggregate in a saturated surface dry condition, and WS is the
weight of sample in grams. Upon calculation, the data gathered from trial 1, trial 2, and
trial 3 are 15.34%, 6.69%, and -6.42% respectively.

TRIALS P PA PD

1 15.45% 0.5% PD = 15.45{1 + (0.5/100)}

= 15.53%

2 6.69% 0.4% PD = 6.69{1 + (0.4/100)}

= 6.72%

3 -6.42% 0.5% PD = -6.42{1 + (0.5/100)}

= -6.45%
Table 4.C. Calculation of surface moisture

Table 4. C shows the calculated value of PD or the surface moisture in terms of

dry coarse aggregate in percent, using the formula stated in the methodology which is PD
= P{1 + (PA/100)} wherein PA is the absorption of coarse aggregate in percent, and P is
the surface moisture in terms of saturated surface dry coarse aggregate in percentage.
Upon calculation, the data yield from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 are 15.53%, 6.72%, and
6.45% respectively.

Conclusion:

Through the methodology, the values of the surface moisture of the three trials of
sampled aggregate 15.45%, 6.69%, and -6.42%, respectively, were calculated, wherein
the trials that used samples and water with higher weight yielded lower weight displaced
by the sample (WD) and surface moisture (P). An assumption was made upon the
analysis of the results that the sample of aggregate from the first trial has high bulk
specific gravity and is air dry to some extent. On the other hand, the sample from trials 2
to 3 may have had a relatively lower bulk specific gravity and were in their saturated
surface dry condition during the time of testing.

Since aggregate water absorption provides an indirect estimate of aggregate pore

structure in terms of water access under simple immersion, the assumption that the
aggregates in the third test have a high specific gravity means that they have less
permeable voids, resulting in a reduced WD and a negative surface humidity. According
to some references, a negative value of P indicates that the moisture content of the sample
is less than that required for saturation and that the aggregate has a higher water
absorption. In contrast, the more porous and permeable aggregate samples of trials 1 and
2 may contain more water (higher WD) and thus have a positive surface absorption.

Appendices:

Lab Data

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

Container 325g 325g 325g

Container with Water 6575g 6250g 6085g

Container with 7075g 7635g 7520g

Aggregates

Container with Water 10240g 10545g 10905g

and Aggregates

Table 4.C. Data Gathered

Photo documentation

Photo documentation 1.C. Preparation for weighing

 Photo documentation 2.C. Weighing of aggregates and water

Photo documentation 3.C. Data Gathered

References:

Department of Transportation, California (2012). Retrieved on March 4, 2023, from

https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/engineering/documents/californiatestmeth
ods-ctm/ctm-223-a11y.pdfv)

Civil Engineering Portal(2008). Retrieved on March 4, 2023, from

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/water-absorption-of-aggregates.html
 Laboratory Exercise No. 1.D.

Determination of Unit Weight of Coarse Aggregates

Objectives: The unit weight of aggregates is usually expressed in pounds per cubic foot.
Unit weight of aggregates is significant since it gives a measure of the voids in a unit
volume of aggregate. The voids of aggregates depend on many factors, which among
them are size, shape and surface texture of aggregate, gradation moisture content, and
compaction. For general information and for comparison of different aggregates, the
standard conditions used in determining the unit weight are dry and compact.
Standard No. ASTM C 29-78, AASHTO 1 19-74

Theory: In this experiment, the measurement of the voids in a unit of aggregates is

determined. The different factors affecting the weight of aggregates will be determined
after performing the experiment such as shape, size, texture, quantity, moisture content,
and how compact the aggregates are.

Materials and Setup:

1. Tamping rod
2. Volume measure/container
3. Weighing Scale

Testing Procedure:
1. Weight the container.
2. Select approximately 60 lb. of air-dry thoroughly mixed coarse aggregate.
3. Fill the measure one-third full, level the surface and tamp with 25 strokes, evenly
distributed over the surface.
4. Fill the measure two thirds full, level and tamp 25 times over the surface. Only
enough force should be used to cause the tamping rod to just penetrate the last
layer of aggregate placed in the measure.
5. Fill the measure to overflowing, tamp as before and strike off the surplus by
rolling the tamping rod over the surface. Do not compress the aggregate.
6. Determine the weight of the aggregate in the measure and compute the unit
weight. Make at least two determinations. Results should agree within one percent.
 a.) The indicated size of container may be used to test aggregates of a maximum
nominal size equal to or smaller than that listed.
b.) Based on sieves with square openings.

Discussion:

In this experiment, three trials were conducted. As the coarse aggregates are
being weighed, it is noticeable that after each trial, the weight of the coarse aggregates
decreases by 280 to 185 grams. Wherein, trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 obtained 13,579
grams, 13,299 grams, and 13,114 grams respectively. Due to tamping, losing some
smaller particles is inevitable. Hence, the weight of the coarse aggregates from each trial
differs from one another by minimal grams.

From using the said formula, trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 resulted in 15.47 kN/m3,
15.12 kN/m3, and 14.93 kN/m3 respectively, having an average unit weight of 15.18
kN/m3. Trial 1 attained the highest unit weight, while Trial 3 attained the lowest unit
weight. The calculated unit weight per trial is seen to have a minimal difference ranging
from 0.342471 grams to 0.19184 grams. It could be said that the weight of the coarse
aggregates affects their unit weight. As the weight of the coarse aggregates decreases, its
unit weight also decreases and vice versa.

The unit weight of coarse aggregates is affected by specific factors such as the
weight of the coarse aggregates and how compact the aggregates are in the container. For
every trial in this experiment, the aggregates are compacted by using a tamping rod 25
times. However, the weight of the coarse aggregates per trial still has small differences. It
is noticeable that the trials that have the heaviest weight of coarse aggregates also have
the highest unit weight. On the other hand, the trials that have the lightest weight of
coarse aggregates also have the lowest unit weight. The results showed that the heavier
the aggregates, the greater their unit weight.
Conclusion:

In this experiment, the unit weight of aggregates is determined. Aggregates are a

necessary part of infrastructures and are regarded as inert fillers. When choosing an
aggregate, compressive aggregate strength is an important element. The aggregates
depend on many factors such as size, shape, quantity, texture, moisture content, and
compaction, thus physical and mineralogical properties of aggregate must be known
before mixing concrete to obtain a desirable mixture. These different properties of
aggregates along with the water-material ratio determine the strength, workability, and
durability of concrete that will be used in infrastructures. (Mehta and Monteiro, n.d.)

Aggregate surfaces can be a smooth or rough texture. A rougher surface produces

a stronger bond between the paste and the aggregate, increasing strength, while a smooth
surface can increase workability. The grading or size distribution of aggregate is an
important characteristic because it determines the paste requirement for workable
concrete to be used in infrastructures. In addition, aggregate moisture content plays a
crucial role in determining the ideal water-to-cementitious material ratio. The aggregates'
density is necessary to calculate the specific gravity. The many characteristics of
aggregate have a significant impact on the strength, durability, workability, and economy
of concrete, even though they are most frequently seen as inert fillers in concrete. These
different properties of aggregate allow designers and contractors the most flexibility to
meet their design and construction requirements. (Mehta and Monteiro, n.d.)

The unit weight of coarse aggregates is significant and plays an important role in
the durability, strength, and workability of infrastructures. The group noticed that the
weight of aggregates changed in each trial. The weight of aggregates decreases in each
trial. There are factors that affect the weight in each trial such as how compact the
aggregates are in the container. The results from the experiment further strengthened the
theory and therefore concluded that the voids of aggregates and their weight depend on
the different factors that the group analyzed which are the size, shape, surface texture of
aggregate, moisture content, and how compact the aggregates are.

Appendices:

Lab Data

CONTAINER

Inside Diameter 20.5 cm ≈ 0.205 m

Inside Height 24.3 cm ≈ 0.243 m

Weight 930 g ≈ 0.930 kg

 Volume 0.205 2 3
π( 2
) (0. 243) = 0. 0080202054495 𝑚

Table 1.D. Dimensions and Volume of the container

WEIGHT OF THE COARSE AGGREGATES

No. of Trials Weight - 1st Weight - 2nd Weight - 3rd Average

(kg) (kg) (kg) Weight (kg)

Trial 1 13.579 kg 13.579 kg 13.579 kg 13.579 kg

Trial 2 13.299 kg 13.299 kg 13.299 kg 13.299 kg

Trial 3 13.115 kg 13.114 kg 13.114 kg 13.114 kg

Table 2.D. Weight of the coarse aggregates

The following formula is used to determine the unit weight of the coarse aggregates:

𝑚𝑥𝑔
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑣

Wherein; 𝑚 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 − 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟

2
𝑔 = 9. 81 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟

UNIT WEIGHT OF THE COARSE AGGREGATES

No. of Calculations Unit Weight
Trials (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 )
3

Trial 1 (13.579 𝑘𝑔 −0.930 𝑘𝑔) 𝑥 (9.81 𝑚/𝑠 )

2 2
15471. 105 (𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 )/𝑚
3
≈ 15. 471105 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
3

3
0.00802054495 𝑚

Trial 2 (13.299 𝑘𝑔 −0.930 𝑘𝑔) 𝑥 (9.81 𝑚/𝑠 )

2 2
15128. 634 (𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 )/𝑚
3
≈ 15. 128634 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
3

3
0.00802054495 𝑚

Trial 3 (13.114 𝑘𝑔 −0.930 𝑘𝑔) 𝑥 (9.81 𝑚/𝑠 )

2 2
14936. 794 (𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 )/𝑚
3
≈ 14. 936794 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
3

3
0.00802054495 𝑚

3 3
Average Unit Weigh (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 ) 15.177884433 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
 Table 3.D. Unit Weight of the coarse aggregates

Photo Documentation

Photo Documentation 1.D. Pouring of Aggregates to the container

Photo Documentation 2.D. Tamping of Aggregates

Photo Documentation 3.D. Weighing of Aggregates

References:
Mehta and Monteiro. (1993). The Effect of Aggregate Properties on Concrete. Retrieved
on March 3, 2023, from
https://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/courses/ce584/concrete/library/materials/aggregate/aggregat
esmain.htm#:~:text=The%20grading%20or%20size%20distribution,is%20the%20most%
20expensive%20component.